Kodi share capital ndi chiyani?
Share capital ndi gawo lomwe lagawidwa m'magawo akampani. Ndilo likulu lotchulidwa mu mgwirizano wa kampani kapena zolemba zamagulu. Share capital capital ndi ndalama zomwe kampani yapereka kapena ingapereke masheya kwa eni ake. Share capital nawonso ndi gawo la ngongole zamakampani. Ngongole ndi ngongole ndi zolipiritsa.
Companies
Makampani a Private Limited (BV) ndi Public Limited Company (NV) ndi omwe amapereka magawo. Sole proprietorships and general partnerships (VOF) sangathe. Zolemba za Notarial zimaphatikizapo makampani abizinesi ndi makampani ochepa a boma. Makampaniwa ali ndi anthu ovomerezeka, kutanthauza kuti ali ndi ufulu ndi udindo. Izi zimathandiza kuti kampaniyo igwiritse ntchito ufulu wake kwa anthu ena ndipo ntchito zake ndizotheka. Ulamuliro m'makampani umagawidwa m'magawo. Mwa kuyankhula kwina, pokhala ndi magawo, wina ali ndi magawo olamulira, ndipo mwiniwakeyo amatha kulandira phindu la magawo. Pomwe mukampani yaying'ono, magawo amalembetsedwa (ndipo chifukwa chake amasamutsidwa pang'ono), mu kampani yaying'ono, magawowo atha kuperekedwa onse mu fomu yogawana (mtundu wagawo, pomwe munthu amene angawonetse kuti ndi mwini wake. amaonedwanso kuti ndi mwiniwake wagawo) komanso mu fomu yolembetsa. Izi zimalola kampani yocheperako kupita pagulu, popeza magawowa amasamutsidwa kwaulere. Kusintha kwa masheya mu kampani yocheperako nthawi zonse kumadutsa m'ma notary.
Malipiro ochepera
Likulu lolembetsedwa ndi kuperekedwa liyenera kukhala likulu locheperako lamakampani ochepa aboma. Likulu locheperako ndi €45,000. Ngati likulu lovomerezeka ndilokwera, osachepera gawo limodzi mwa magawo asanu liyenera kuperekedwa (Art. 2:67 ya Civil Code). Chuma chocheperako chiyenera kuperekedwa ku akaunti yakubanki ya kampaniyo ikaphatikizidwa. Chikalata chakubanki chidzaperekedwa chifukwa cha izi. Kampani yaying'ono yokhayo sikhalanso ndi ndalama zochepa.
Mtengo wamakampani motsutsana ndi mtengo wa equity
ogwira mtengo ndi mtengo wa kampani popanda kuganizira zandalama. M'malo mwake, ndi mtengo wogwira ntchito wa kampaniyo. kusasiyana
mtengo ndi ndalama zomwe wogulitsa amalandira pogulitsa magawo ake. Mwa kuyankhula kwina, kampaniyo imawononga ndalama zochotsera ngongole zokhala ndi chiwongola dzanja. Gawo lirilonse mu BV kapena NV limakhala ndi mtengo wamba, kapena mtengo wagawolo molingana ndi zolemba za Association. Mtengo wogawana womwe waperekedwa wa BV kapena NV ndiye kuchuluka kwa magawo omwe aperekedwa ndi kampaniyo. Awa ndi ma sheya akampani komanso omwe ali kunja kwa kampaniyo.
Gawani nkhani
Nkhani ya share ndi nkhani ya ma share. Makampani amapereka magawo pazifukwa. Amachita izi kuti akweze ndalama zamalonda. Cholinga chake ndi kupanga ndalama kapena kukulitsa kampani. Mukayambitsa kampani, mutha kusankha kuti ndi magawo angati oti mupereke komanso zomwe zili zofunika. Nthawi zambiri amalonda amasankha nambala yokulirapo, kotero mutha kugulitsa mtsogolo ngati kuli kofunikira. M'mbuyomu, panali ndalama zochepa za mtengo wa gawo, koma lamulo limenelo tsopano lathetsedwa. Komabe, ndikwanzeru kuyika kulemera kokwanira, monga makampani ena angafune kuwona kuti ndinu woyenerera ngongole. Magawo ndi chida chomwe mungagwiritse ntchito kuti muthandizire bizinesi yanu. Mwanjira iyi, mumakopa ndalama zomwe mungafune pazochita zanu komanso kukula kwamakampani. Ndalama zomwe mumapeza popereka ma sheya zimapezeka kwa inu kosatha ndipo zimatchedwa equity. Ngati muli ndi gawo mu kampani, ndi satifiketi ya umwini wa gawo la kampaniyo. Monga wogawana nawo, zimakupatsiraninso mwayi wogawana nawo phindu. Kwa kampani, ndizothandiza kukhala ndi capital share iyi mukampani kuti mugwiritse ntchito pochita bizinesi ndi mabizinesi omwe akupitilira. Pokhapokha mapindu atapangidwa ndi omwe amagawana nawo angapemphe kugawa magawo. Ngati kampani ipanga phindu, sizimatsimikiza nthawi zonse ngati inu, monga wogawana nawo, mudzalandira malipiro a gawo. Pamsonkhano wapachaka wa eni ake masheya, eni ake amagawana zomwe zingachitike ndi phindu: kuchuluka, pang'ono, kapena kusagawa.
Zigawo za share capital
Share capital ili ndi zigawo zingapo. Kuti timveke, kutanthauzira mwachidule kwa zigawozi kumatsatira poyamba:
- Kutulutsa share capital
Awa ndi ma sheya omwe amaperekedwa ndi kampani kwa omwe ali nawo. Chuma choperekedwa chimawonjezeka pamene magawo atsopano kapena magawo amasheya aperekedwa. Zogawana zamasheya ndizongopereka magawo atsopano kwa eni ake monga mphotho chifukwa cha zomwe apereka kukampani. Magawo atha kuikidwa m'njira zitatu, zomwe ndi par (pa mtengo womwe wafotokozedwa pagawo), pamwamba pa gawo (ndiye kuti ndalamazo ndi zapamwamba kuposa mtengo wagawo), komanso pansi pazigawo (zotsika kuposa mtengo wagawolo).
Capital share yolipidwa (mokwanira) capital share yolipidwa ndi gawo la ndalama zomwe kampani idalandirako ndalama kapena, nthawi zina, katundu. Ngati likulu silinaperekedwe 100%, kampaniyo ili ndi ufulu woyitanitsa zotsalazo kuchokera kwa omwe akugawana nawo. Lingaliro loyenerera ndilo 'gawo lotchedwa likulu la likulu .'Ili ndilo likulu loperekedwa kumlingo umene silinaperekedwe, koma kampaniyo yasankha kuti iyenera kulipidwa. Pamenepa, kampaniyo ili ndi chigamulo chachindunji kwa omwe ali ndi masheya.
- Nominal share capital
Share share capital capital imalumikizidwa mwalamulo ndi magawo ndipo ndi ofanana ndi capital share yomwe yaperekedwa. Magawo ambiri pamsika wamasheya ali ndi mtengo wokwera kwambiri kuposa mtengo wawo wadzina. Mwachitsanzo, mtengo wamsika wagawo ukhoza kukhala ma euro angapo mwadzina. Ngati kampani ipereka magawo atsopano kuposa mtengo wamba, chotchedwa share premium reserve chimapangidwira kusiyana. The share premium reserve ndi nthawi yochokera kudziko lazachuma. Imalongosola nkhokwe yazachuma ya Public Limited Company kapena Private Limited Company yopangidwa popereka masheya apamwamba kuposa mtengo wake.
- Chuma chovomerezeka
Likulu lovomerezeka ndilo kuchuluka kwa ndalama zomwe zafotokozedwa m'nkhani za mgwirizano zomwe magawo angaperekedwe. Kwa BV, ndalama zovomerezeka ndizosankha. Kwa NV ku Netherlands, ndalama zocheperako kapena gawo limodzi mwa magawo asanu, ngati apamwamba kuposa likulu locheperako, likulu lovomerezeka liyenera kuperekedwa. Izi ndi ndalama zonse zomwe kampani ingapeze poyika ma sheya. Share capital capital yovomerezeka imagawika m'magawo ndikugawana capital capital. Pakati pa ziwirizi, kampaniyo imatha kusintha ndikusintha. Magawo a Portfolio ndi magawo omwe mungaperekebe ngati kampani. Tiyerekeze kuti mukufuna kupititsa patsogolo kampani yanu ndalama kapena kupanga mabizinesi, mutha kusankha kugawana nawo. Kuchita zimenezi kumalola eni ake masheya kuti azigula, ndipo chiwerengero cha ma sheya m’gawoli chimachepa; kumbali ina, ngati kampani igulanso magawo ake kuchokera kwa omwe ali nawo, magawo omwe ali mu mbiri yake amawonjezeka.
Kusintha mtengo
Makampani athanso kusankha kugulitsa magawo kwa anthu wamba. Atha kuchita izi popita poyera pamisika yamasheya. Pakugulitsa masheya, kupezeka ndi kufunidwa kumatsimikizira mtengo wagawo lililonse. Kampani ndiye imalandira mtengo wake wamsika. Zodabwitsa ndizakuti, ma NV okha ndi omwe angachite izi chifukwa magawo amalembetsedwa ngati kampani yabizinesi yaying'ono.
Kutsekereza dongosolo
Makonzedwe otsekereza ndi dongosolo lomwe limachepetsa kuthekera kwa kusamutsa umwini wa masheya a kampani.
Dongosololi limaletsa ufulu wa eni ake kuti asamutse magawo awo kwa wina. Izi ndikuletsa omwe ali ndi masheya kuti asakumane ndi ogawana nawo achilendo monga choncho. Pali mitundu iwiri ya njira zotsekereza:
- Chiwembu chopereka
Wogawana ayenera kupereka magawo ake kwa omwe ali nawo. Pokhapokha zitawoneka kuti ogawana nawo sakufuna kutenga magawowo ndiye kuti wogawana nawo angasamutse umwini wa magawowo kwa omwe siwogawana nawo.
- Ndondomeko yovomerezeka
Ogawana nawo amayenera kuvomereza kaye gawo lomwe akufuna. Pokhapokha wogawana nawo angasamutse magawo ake.
Pomwe kale, magawo a kampani yaying'ono yaying'ono sakanangosamutsidwa kwa munthu wina (kutsekereza dongosolo), lamulo - pambuyo pa kukhazikitsidwa kwa Flex BV Act - amapereka makonzedwe a zopereka, omwe angapatuke m'nkhani za mgwirizano (Art. 2: 195 ya Dutch Civil Code). Chiwembu chokhazikitsidwa ndi malamulo chimagwira ntchito ngati palibe choperekedwa m'nkhani za mayanjano pachopereka chopotoka kapena chivomerezo.
Palibe njira yoletsera magawo olembetsedwa mukampani ya public limited. Ma sheya ambiri azikhala ndi ma bearer shares mu public limited company zimawoneka, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti azigulitsa mwaulele.
kusasiyana
Chifukwa chake share capital imagwera pansi pachilungamo. Nthawi yowerengerayi ikuyimira mtengo wazinthu zonse zakampani kuchotsera ngongole yayikulu. Equity ndi chizindikiro chofunikira cha momwe mukuchitira ngati kampani, koma ndizosiyana ndi mtengo wamsika wakampani yanu. M'malo mwake, equity imayimira mtengo wandalama womwe omwe amagawana angalandire pakuthetsedwa kwa kampani. Kuwonana ndikofunikira chifukwa nthawi zambiri kumawoneka ngati njira yochepetsera mavuto azachuma.
Pambuyo powerenga blog iyi, mudakali ndi mafunso, kapena ndinu wochita bizinesi yemwe akufunika upangiri ndi chitsogozo pakukhazikitsa kampani? Ndiye ndi bwino kugwirizana katswiri wamalamulo akampani. Kenako kukhudzana Law & More. Maloya athu akampani adzakhala okondwa kukuthandizani.
