Kasamalidwe ka algorithm kuntchito: kodi AI ingayese magwiridwe antchito anu?

Kasamalidwe ka algorithm, kugwiritsa ntchito mapulogalamu ndi AI kuyang'anira, kupereka zigoli ndi kutsogolera antchito, ndikololedwa ku Netherlands, koma algorithm singakhale maziko okhawo a chisankho chomwe chimakukhudzani kwambiri, monga kuchotsedwa ntchito, kutsika pantchito kapena kukana bonasi. Nkhani 22 ya GDPR imasunga zisankho zotere kwa munthu amene amaziwunikanso moona mtima, EU AI Act imawona machitidwe a AI owunikira antchito ngati oopsa kwambiri ndipo imaletsa AI yomwe imaganizira momwe antchito akumvera, ndipo motsatira Nkhani 7:669 ya Dutch Civil Code (BW) chigoli cha dashboard chokha sichingakhale malo ochotsera ntchito.

Tsamba ili likufotokoza momwe machitidwewa amagwirira ntchito, zomwe GDPR, AI Act, Works Councils Act ndi lamulo la ku Dutch demoval limafuna, zomwe makhothi asankha, ndi momwe antchito ndi olemba ntchito ayenera kuchita.

Kodi kasamalidwe ka algorithmic ndi chiyani?

Kasamalidwe ka algorithm kumatanthauza mapulogalamu, osati oyang'anira, amawona, amayesa ndipo nthawi zambiri amaweruza ntchito. Ndizofala m'nyumba zosungiramo katundu, malo olumikizirana ndi ntchito za papulatifomu, komanso m'maudindo aofesi kudzera mu zida zopangira; dashboard yomwe imawerengera antchito deta yosonkhanitsidwa yokha ndi yokwanira kudzutsa mafunso azamalamulo.

Machitidwe otere amawerengedwa bwino: ntchito zomwe zamalizidwa, nthawi yogwirira ntchito, nthawi yoyankha, kutsatira zolemba, maola olembedwa. Sangaone chifukwa chake chiwerengero chinasunthika, mwachitsanzo chifukwa wantchito anakhala milungu itatu akuphunzitsa mnzake kapena kusamalira kasitomala wovuta kwambiri. Kuyeza magwiridwe antchito ndikololedwa; GDPR ndi lamulo la ntchito ku Netherlands zimakhazikitsa momwe zimayezedwera komanso, koposa zonse, momwe zotuluka zimagwiritsidwira ntchito.

Kodi machitidwe awa amawonetsa bwanji magwiridwe antchito?

Magawo atatu ndi ofunika: deta imasonkhanitsidwa, chitsanzo chimasanduka chigoli, ndipo winawake kapena china chake chimachitapo kanthu. Ufulu wanu umalumikizidwa ndi gawo lililonse.

Mfundo iliyonse ya deta ndi yaumwini ndipo iyenera kukhala yofunikira komanso yolingana ndi cholinga china chake motsatira GDPR. Kulemba zolemba za keystroke kapena zithunzi za nthawi ndi nthawi kuti muwone yemwe amagwira ntchito molimbika n'kovuta kwambiri kufotokoza chifukwa chake, ndipo bungwe la Dutch Data Protection Authority (Autoriteit Persoonsgegevens, AP) lakhala likutsutsa kuwunika konsekonse kotere.

Dongosolo lozikidwa pa malamulo (mwachitsanzo: kulembera wantchito amene nthawi yake yogwirira ntchito imapitirira malire katatu pa sabata) ndi lolimba koma losavuta kuwerenga. Chitsanzo chophunzirira makina chophunzitsidwa pa deta yakale ndi champhamvu kwambiri koma chosamveka bwino. Bwana amene sangathe kufotokoza momwe zigoli zinayambira sangapereke chidziwitso chomveka bwino chokhudza mfundo, sangathe kuteteza kuwunika ndipo sangasonyeze kuti sikunasankhidwe; kwenikweni, ngati simungathe kufotokoza, simungathe kudalira.

Kodi GDPR ikufuna chiyani?

GDPR ndiye chida chothandiza kwambiri, chifukwa chimagwira ntchito kwa olemba ntchito onse pokonza deta ya antchito. Malamulo anayi amagwira ntchito yambiri: kuletsa zisankho zofunika zokha, kuwonekera poyera, maziko ovomerezeka okhala ndi kuwunika momwe deta imakhudzira (DPIA), komanso malire pakuwunika.

Palibe chisankho chofunikira chopangidwa ndi makina okha

Nkhani 22 ya GDPR imakupatsani ufulu woti musapatsidwe chisankho chokhazikika pa ntchito yodziyimira payokha yomwe imabweretsa zotsatira zalamulo kapena zomwe zimakukhudzani kwambiri. Kuchotsedwa ntchito, kusakonzanso, kutsika pantchito, kuletsa bonasi kapena kukana kukwezedwa pantchito zonse zimayenerera, komanso chigoli chomwe chingasankhe kusintha komwe mukupatsidwa.

Munthu amene amangotsimikizira zomwe bungweli lapereka satenga chisankhocho kunja kwa Nkhani 22. Kutenga nawo mbali kofunikira kumafuna wowunikira yemwe ali ndi mphamvu zosankha mosiyana, luso loweruza komanso nthawi yochita zimenezo. Ngati Nkhani 22 ikugwira ntchito, muli ndi ufulu woti anthu alowererepo, afotokoze maganizo anu ndikutsutsa chisankhocho.

Kuwonekera bwino ndi mwayi wopeza

Ogwira ntchito ayenera kuuzidwa pasadakhale kuti dongosololi lilipo komanso zomwe limachita. Pamene kupanga zisankho kumachitika mwadongosolo, olemba ntchito ayenera kupereka chidziwitso chomveka bwino chokhudza mfundo zomwe zikukhudzidwa ndi zotsatira zake, ndipo mutha kupempha, ndi kopi ya deta yanu, zigoli ndi magulu, kudzera mu pempho lolowera pansi pa Nkhani 15 ya GDPR.

Tanthauzo limatanthauza chinthu: zinthu zomwe zinagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi momwe zinayesedwera, m'mawu omwe mungamvetse ndikuchitapo kanthu. Olemba ntchito ayenera kuyankha mkati mwa mwezi umodzi, zomwe zitha kuwonjezeredwa m'milandu yovuta.

Maziko ovomerezeka ndi DPIA

Chilolezo cha antchito sichikhala chovomerezeka kawirikawiri chifukwa cha kudalirana mu ubale wa ntchito. Chifukwa chake olemba ntchito amadalira kufunikira kwa mgwirizano, udindo walamulo kapena chiwongola dzanja chovomerezeka, chomalizachi chikufuna mayeso olembedwa.

Kuwunika anthu mwadongosolo komanso mozama kudzera mu njira yodzipangira yokha kumafuna DPIA isanayambe kugwira ntchito. Iyenera kufotokoza momwe ntchitoyo ikuchitikira, kufotokozera kufunika kwake ndi kufanana kwake, kuzindikira zoopsa zomwe zingachitike kwa antchito ndikuwonetsa njira zomwe zingawathandize.

Kodi kuyang'anira kungafike pati?

Mu mlandu wa Bărbulescu v Romania, Khoti Lalikulu la Ufulu wa Anthu ku Ulaya linagamula kuti kuyang'anira mauthenga a wantchito kumakhudza ufulu wa moyo wachinsinsi ndi makalata mu Nkhani 8 ya ECHR. Olemba ntchito ayenera kudziwitsa antchito pasadakhale za mtundu ndi kukula kwa kuyang'anira, kutsatira cholinga chovomerezeka ndikugwiritsa ntchito njira zosasokoneza; kuyang'anira mobisa kumafuna kukayikira koona, nthawi yochepa komanso zifukwa zolembedwa.

Pa deta iliyonse, olemba ntchito ayenera kufotokozera chifukwa chake ikufunika, chifukwa chake njira yopepuka siigwira ntchito, komanso ngati antchito adadziwitsidwa. Kujambula nthawi zonse pazenera, kulemba makiyi a kiyibodi ndi kutsatira malo kunja kwa maola ogwirira ntchito nthawi zambiri kumalephera mayeso amenewo.

Zambiri zaumoyo ndi tchuthi chotetezedwa

Deta ya thanzi ndi deta yapadera ya gulu. Bwana angalembe kuti wantchito sakhalapo komanso kwa nthawi yayitali bwanji, koma matenda ndi zoletsa zake ndi za dokotala wa kampani (bedrijfsarts). Dongosolo lomwe limawerengera matenda kuchokera ku machitidwe a kusakhalapo, kulemba liwiro kapena kamvekedwe ka mawu deta ya thanzi potengera lingaliro.

Chitsanzo chomwe chimaona mimba, tchuthi cha makolo kapena tchuthi chosamalira ana ngati kusagwira bwino ntchito kwalamulo chimasandutsa ufulu wovomerezeka kukhala vuto. Kuswa mfundo zazikulu za GDPR ndi ufulu wa anthu omwe ali ndi deta kumagwera pamlingo wapamwamba kwambiri womwe GDPR imapereka, ndipo kuwunika komwe kumachitika mophwanya malamulowa n'kovuta kudalira pamkangano wantchito.

Kodi lamulo la AI likuwonjezera chiyani?

Lamulo la EU AI limagwira ntchito m'magawo awiri ndipo lili ndi magawo awiri ofunika kuntchito. Kuletsa machitidwe a AI omwe amakhudza momwe anthu amamvera kuntchito kumagwiranso ntchito kale, pokhapokha ngati dongosololi likufuna zifukwa zachipatala kapena chitetezo.

Mapulogalamu omwe amawonetsa momwe antchito akumvera, kupsinjika maganizo, kuchitapo kanthu kapena kudzipereka kwawo kuchokera pa mawu, nkhope kapena zolemba ndi oletsedwa; kasamalidwe ka ntchito sikugwera pansi pa chisamaliro cha zachipatala kapena chitetezo. Kusanthula malingaliro a kasitomala ndi nkhani yosiyana ndi kulingalira momwe antchito akumvera.

Gawo lachiwiri ndi dongosolo la chiopsezo chachikulu. Machitidwe a AI omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zisankho zokweza ntchito kapena kuchotsa ntchito, pogawa ntchito kutengera khalidwe kapena makhalidwe a munthu, kapena poyang'anira ndikuwunika momwe antchito amagwirira ntchito ndi khalidwe lawo amagawidwa ngati oopsa kwambiri. Motsatira lamulo la AI omnibus, Regulation (EU) 2026/1744, lomwe likugwira ntchito kuyambira pa 27 Julayi 2026, masiku ofunsira maudindo awa oopsa kwambiri achedwetsedwa; zoletsazo zikugwira ntchito kale. Olemba ntchito omwe amagwiritsa ntchito njira yowopsa kwambiri kuntchito ayenera kudziwitsa oimira antchito ndi ogwira ntchito omwe akukhudzidwa asanayigwiritse ntchito. Onani nkhani yathu yokhudza mbali yalamulo ya luntha lochita kupanga ndi EU AI Act.

Ndani ali ndi udindo: wogulitsa kapena wolemba ntchito?

Bwana. Pansi pa GDPR, bwana amasankha chifukwa chake deta ya antchito imakonzedwa komanso momwe deta imagwiritsidwira ntchito ndipo ndiye woyang'anira; wogulitsa nthawi zambiri amakhala purosesa womangidwa ndi mgwirizano wokonza.

Malinga ndi lamulo la AI, olemba ntchito ogwiritsa ntchito chida chogulidwa nthawi zambiri amakhala woyambitsa: ayenera kugwiritsa ntchito dongosololi motsatira malangizo, kuonetsetsa kuti ogwira ntchito oyenerera akuyang'aniridwa ndi anthu, kuyang'anira momwe likugwirira ntchito ndikudziwitsa antchito. Olemba ntchito omwe amasintha dzina la dongosololi, kulisintha kwambiri kapena kusintha cholinga chake akhoza kukhala wopereka chithandizo, ndi maudindo olemera kwambiri. Werengani mapangano ogula zinthu poganizira maudindo awa ndipo musamakayikire chilichonse chomwe sichingathe kufotokoza zomwe chatulutsa.

Kodi ntchito yokonza pulatifomu imagwira ntchito bwanji?

Lamulo la Ntchito la EU Platform (Directive (EU) 2024/2831) lili ndi mutu wokhudza kasamalidwe ka algorithm. Limafuna nsanja kuti zidziwitse antchito za kuyang'anira ndi kupanga zisankho zokha, limaletsa kukonza deta monga momwe zimakhalira ndi malingaliro ndi zokambirana zachinsinsi, limafuna kuyang'aniridwa ndi anthu, ndipo limapereka ufulu wofotokozera ndikuwunikanso zisankho zofunika monga kuyimitsidwa kwa akaunti, pang'ono mosasamala kanthu za udindo wa antchito.

Mpaka pomwe malamulo okhazikitsa malamulo a ku Dutch ayamba kugwira ntchito, GDPR ndi AI Act zimakhalabe malamulo ogwira ntchito kwa ogwira ntchito papulatifomu.

Kodi njira yogwiritsira ntchito algorithm imatha kutha mgwirizano wanu wantchito?

Ayi. Malinga ndi Nkhani 7:669, kuchotsedwa kwa BW kumafuna chifukwa chomveka kuchokera pamndandanda wotsekedwa komanso chilolezo choyambirira kuchokera ku UWV kapena chigamulo cha khothi lachigawo (kantonrechter), kutengera chifukwa chake.

Ngati ntchitoyo si yoyenera (Nkhani 7:669(3)(d) BW) olemba ntchito ayenera kusonyeza kuti adadziwitsa wantchitoyo za zofooka zake nthawi yake ndipo adapereka mwayi wokwanira woti asinthe, ndipo kuti ntchitoyo si chifukwa chosasamalira bwino maphunziro kapena momwe ntchito ikuyendera. Kuwerenga dashboard si njira yosinthira; khothi lidzafunsa zomwe zidakambidwa, nthawi yake komanso ndi chithandizo chotani. Onani buku lathu lotsogolera malamulo okhudza ntchito ku Netherlands.

Lamulo la tsankho limayang'ana zotsatira zake, osati cholinga. Dongosolo lomwe limaletsa antchito chifukwa cha kugonana, fuko, zaka, chipembedzo, kulumala kapena matenda osatha ndi losaloledwa pansi pa General Equal Treatment Act (Algemene wet gelijke behandeling) ndi machitidwe enieni okhudza zaka ndi kulumala, chilichonse chomwe cholinga chake chinali. Deta yakale yophunzitsira ndi ziwerengero zopezeka ndizomwe zimayambitsa nthawi zambiri, makamaka kwa ogwira ntchito nthawi yochepa ndi antchito omwe adatenga tchuthi kapena omwe adadwala.

Kodi bungwe la ntchito liyenera kuvomereza?

Inde. Malinga ndi Nkhani 27(1) ya Works Councils Act (Wet op de ondernemingsraden) bungwe la ntchito liyenera kuvomereza makonzedwe okhudza kuwunika kwa ogwira ntchito, kukonza ndi kuteteza zambiri za antchito, komanso malo omwe cholinga chake ndi kapena choyenera kuyang'anira kupezekapo, machitidwe kapena magwiridwe antchito; njira yogwirira ntchito ya AI nthawi zambiri imakhudza zonse zitatuzi.

Chisankho chopangidwa popanda chilolezo chofunikira chinganenedwe kuti ndi chopanda ntchito ndi bungwe la ntchito. Kwa ogwira ntchito omwe akuganiza kuti dongosolo linaikidwa pa iwo, bungwe la ntchito nthawi zambiri ndilo njira yachangu kwambiri yosinthira.

Kodi makhoti asankha chiyani?

Pa 4 Epulo 2023, Amsterdam Khoti Loona za Apilo linagamula pa pempho la oyendetsa galimoto a Uber ndi Ola loti alowe. Pa mlandu wa Uber (ECLI:NL:GHMS:2023:793) khotilo linapeza kuti kutseka maakaunti a oyendetsa galimoto atatu kunachitika kokha chifukwa cha kukonza zinthu zokha, chifukwa palibe kukhudzidwa kwa anthu komwe kunawonetsedwa, ndipo linalamula Uber kuti ipereke zambiri zokhudza kupanga chisankho; kutsutsa chinsinsi cha malonda sikunali koyenera kukana kwathunthu.

Mu mlandu wa Ola (ECLI:NL:GHMS:2023:804) khotilo linagamula kuti chiwerengero cha mwayi wachinyengo chimakhudza kwambiri madalaivala, kotero ufulu wodziwa zambiri zokhudza kupanga zisankho zodzichitira wekha umagwiranso ntchito. Olemba ntchito ayenera kuganiza kuti muyezo womwewo umagwiranso ntchito pa njira yogwirira ntchito: "chitsanzo chomwe chinasankhidwa" si chifukwa.

Mu mlandu wa SyRI (ECLI:NL:RBDHA:2020:865, 5 February 2020) Khoti Lalikulu la The Hague linagamula kuti lamulo lomwe lili kumbuyo kwa dongosolo la boma lowonetsa zoopsa zachinyengo linaswa Article 8 ECHR chifukwa silinali lowonekera bwino komanso lotsimikizika. Dongosolo lomwe ntchito yake silingafufuzidwe silingatsutsidwe. Nkhani yathu yokhudza AI ndi malamulo a milandu ikupitiliza mafunso awa.

Kodi mumatsutsa bwanji kuwunika kodziyimira pawokha?

Lembani kaye udindo wanu: ntchito yomwe mayesowo sanayang'ane, nthawi zosazolowereka, ndi kusakhalapo kulikonse, tchuthi kapena kusintha ntchito komwe kumawononga ziwerengerozo. Zolemba zomwe zalembedwa panthawiyo zimakhala ndi kulemera kwakukulu kuposa kukonzanso komwe kunachitika miyezi ingapo pambuyo pake.

Kenako lembani kwa abwana anu kuti mukugwiritsa ntchito ufulu wanu wa GDPR: funsani deta yomwe mwagwiritsa ntchito, kufotokozera mfundo zomveka bwino komanso kuwunikanso kwa munthu ndi munthu amene ali ndi mphamvu zoti asankhe mosiyana, ndikupempha kuti deta yolakwika ikonzedwe mkati mwa mwezi umodzi, yomwe ingakulitsidwe m'milandu yovuta. Ngati yankho silikwanira, mutha kudandaula kwa AP kapena kupita kukhothi; komwe kuwunikako kumathandizira kuchotsedwa ntchito kapena kusintha kwa malamulo, njira ya malamulo a ntchito nthawi zambiri imakhala yothandiza kwambiri ndipo imakhala ndi nthawi yochepa yomaliza. Onani nkhani yathu yokhudza zachinsinsi za data pansi pa GDPR munthawi ya AI ndi big data.

Kodi muyenera kuwunika chiyani ngati wantchito?

• Kodi munauzidwa pasadakhale kuti makina odziyimira pawokha amayesa ntchito yanu ndi zomwe imayesa?
• Kodi pali chisankho chilichonse chomwe chinakukhudzani kwambiri chomwe chinawunikidwa ndi munthu amene angasankhe mosiyana?
• Kodi mwapempha deta yanu, zigoli zanu ndi kufotokozera mfundo zomwe zili mu GDPR?
• Kodi ziwerengerozo zikusonyeza tchuthi, matenda, ntchito ya nthawi yochepa kapena ntchito zachilendo zomwe zimakulepheretsani kukwaniritsa zomwe mukufuna?
• Kodi bungwe la ntchito linavomereza dongosololi?

Kodi muyenera kufufuza chiyani ngati wolemba ntchito?

• Kodi cholinga cha dongosololi chalembedwa, kuphatikizapo zisankho zomwe zidzakhudze?
• Kodi DPIA idachitika ndipo maziko ovomerezeka adalembedwa kale dongosolo lisanayambe kugwira ntchito?
• Kodi dongosololi limaganizira za malingaliro (oletsedwa) kapena lili m'gulu la AI Act lomwe lili pachiwopsezo chachikulu?
• Kodi bungwe la ntchito lavomereza motsatira Gawo 27 la Works Councils Act, ndipo kodi antchito adadziwitsidwa?
• Kodi owunikira angasinthe zomwe zatuluka, ndi nkhani ndi nthawi yoti achite zimenezo?
• Kodi mumafufuza zotsatira za ogwira ntchito nthawi yochepa ndi antchito omwe adatenga tchuthi kapena omwe adadwala?

Kodi tingakuchitireni chiyani ndi kasamalidwe ka algorithmic?

Maloya athu olembera ntchito amalangiza olemba ntchito kuti agwiritse ntchito AI mu kasamalidwe ka magwiridwe antchito ndi antchito omwe akuyenera kuwunika okha:

• Timawunikanso dongosololi motsutsana ndi GDPR, AI Act ndi lamulo la ntchito ku Netherlands lisanayambe kugwira ntchito.
• Timakonzekera pempho la chilolezo ku bungwe la ntchito ndi chidziwitso kwa ogwira ntchito.
• Tikulemba pempho la GDPR lofikira ndi pempho loti anthu awunikenso kuwunikaku.
• Timayesa ngati fayilo yogwira ntchito yochokera ku deta ya dongosolo ikuthandizira kuchotsedwa ntchito motsatira Article 7:669 BW.
• Timawunikanso mapangano a ogulitsa ndi kukonza zinthu pogawa ntchito za GDPR ndi AI Act.

Chidule

• Kasamalidwe ka algorithm ndi kovomerezeka, koma zisankho zofunika sizingakhazikike pa kukonza kokha (Article 22 GDPR).
• AI yomwe imanena kuti malingaliro a antchito ndi oletsedwa; AI yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito poyesa antchito ndi yoopsa kwambiri malinga ndi AI Act.
• Ogwira ntchito akhoza kupeza deta yawo, zigoli ndi kufotokozera mfundo, ndipo akhoza kutsutsa zisankho.
• Bungwe la ntchito liyenera kuvomereza njira zowunikira ndi kuyang'anira motsatira Article 27 ya Works Councils Act.
• Chigoli cha pa dashboard chokha sichimakhazikitsa malo ochotsera ntchito motsatira Article 7:669 BW.

MAFUNSO OFUNSIDWA KAWIRIKAWIRI