Zochita zina: kodi olemba ntchito angaletse kapena kuletsa chiyani?

Abwana anu akhoza kuletsa kapena kuletsa ntchito zomwe mumachita kwa ena kunja kwa maola anu ogwira ntchito ngati pali chifukwa chenicheni. Malinga ndi Article 7:653a ya Dutch Civil Code (BW), yomwe ikugwira ntchito kuyambira 1 Ogasiti 2022, gawo lopanda chifukwa chotere siligwira ntchito; kupatulapo kwakukulu ndi chiopsezo chenicheni monga kuphwanya lamulo la maola ogwira ntchito (Arbeidstijdenwet), kusamvana kwa chidwi kapena kuteteza chidziwitso chachinsinsi.

Izi zikugwiranso ntchito pa ntchito zina, bizinesi yanu, ntchito zodziyimira pawokha komanso maudindo a bungwe. Mu lamulo la ntchito ku Dutch , izi zimatchedwa ntchito zothandizira (nevenwerkzaamheden), ndipo gawo lomwe limawongolera izi ndi gawo la ntchito zothandizira (nevenwerkzaamhedenbeding).

Kodi Nkhani 7:653a BW imati chiyani?

Chigamulo choletsa kapena kuletsa ntchito kwa ena kunja kwa nthawi yanu yogwira ntchito sichigwira ntchito, pokhapokha ngati chingakhale chovomerezeka pazifukwa zomveka bwino. Lamuloli likugwiritsa ntchito Nkhani 9 ya Malangizo (EU) 2019/1152 okhudza mikhalidwe yogwirira ntchito yowonekera bwino komanso yodziwikiratu.

Choncho, gawo lolembedwa silikhala lovomerezeka lokha, kapena losavomerezeka lokha. Chofunika ndichakuti ngati olemba ntchito angasonyeze chifukwa chenicheni panthawi yomwe amadalira gawolo. Nkhani 7:653a(2) BW ikuwonjezera kuti olemba ntchito sangakuchitireni zabwino chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito ufuluwu, mkati kapena kunja kwa khothi.

Khothi lachigawo chaching'ono (kantonrechter) la The Hague linagwiritsa ntchito mayesowa pa mlandu womwe wantchito adagwira ntchito yachiwiri ya maola 16 pa sabata limodzi ndi ntchito yake yanthawi zonse popanda chilolezo chofunikira, ali pa tchuthi chodwala. Khothilo linavomereza chiopsezo chopitirira lamulo la maola ogwira ntchito ngati chifukwa chenicheni ndipo linayesa zofuna za wantchitoyo motsutsana ndi izi; kuchotsedwa ntchito mwachidule kunavomerezedwa (ECLI:NL:RBDHA:2024:21917).

Kodi lamuloli likugwirizananso ndi lamuloli?

Inde. Chigamulo chofuna chilolezo choyambirira chimaletsa ufulu wanu mofanana ndi chiletso, kotero olemba ntchito angakane chilolezocho pazifukwa zomveka.

Khoti Loona za Apilo la Arnhem-Leeuwarden linatsimikiza izi pa 15 June 2026: gawo la chilolezo likugwera pansi pa Article 7:653a BW, ndipo olemba ntchito "angakane chilolezo pokhapokha ngati pali chifukwa chenicheni" (ECLI:NL:GHARL:2026:3919). Chifukwa chake, kukana mwakufuna kwa olemba ntchito sikokwanira.

Kodi udindo wodziwitsa umasiyana bwanji ndi lamulo la chilolezo?

Pansi pa ntchito yodziwitsa, mumangonena za ntchitoyo; kenako olemba ntchito amafufuza ngati pali chifukwa chochitirapo kanthu. Pansi pa chilolezo cha chilolezo, mufunika chilolezo musanayambe. Palibe chilichonse mwa izi chomwe chingagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati chiletso chobisika, ndipo zonse ziwiri zimayesedwa motsutsana ndi Article 7:653a BW ngati olemba ntchito azigwiritsa ntchito kukuletsani.

Ndi zifukwa ziti zenizeni zomwe zingathandize kuti pakhale chiletso?

Lamuloli silipereka mndandanda wonse. Nkhani 9 ya Directive (EU) 2019/1152 imatchula thanzi ndi chitetezo, chinsinsi cha bizinesi, kukhulupirika kwa ntchito za boma komanso kupewa mikangano ya zofuna ngati zitsanzo. Mu milandu ya ku Netherlands zifukwa zotsatirazi zimachitikanso:

• chiopsezo chakuti maola ogwirira ntchito pamodzi amaphwanya lamulo la maola ogwira ntchito ndi nthawi zake zopuma;
• kuteteza zinsinsi zamalonda ndi chidziwitso chachinsinsi cha mpikisano;
• mkangano wa zofuna, mwachitsanzo ntchito ya mpikisano mwachindunji;
• zoopsa za chitetezo chifukwa cha kutopa, makamaka m'malo omwe chitetezo chimakhudzidwa;
• umphumphu kapena kudziyimira pawokha kwa udindo, mwachitsanzo m'maudindo aboma kapena oyang'anira.

Kutchula "zofuna za bizinesi" sikukwanira. Khoti lachigawo cha Midden-Nederland linagamula kuti chigamulocho sichinagwire ntchito pa 23 Okutobala 2024 chifukwa olemba ntchito sanafotokoze zoopsa zenizeni zomwe zabwera kwa wantchitoyu ndi zomwe adachita; pempho lake la chilango cha €10,000 linathetsedwa (ECLI:NL:RBMNE:2024:6411).

Kodi chifukwa chake chiyenera kulembedwa mu ndime yokha?

Ayi. Nkhani 7:653a BW imangofuna kuti pakhale zifukwa zomveka ngati olemba ntchito adalira gawolo, mwachitsanzo akakana chilolezo. Kutchula chidwi chomwe chili mu gawolo kuyambira pachiyambi kumaletsa mikangano ndipo kumapangitsa kuti kukana pambuyo pake kukhale kosavuta kutsimikizira.

Kodi gawo la zochita zina limasiyana bwanji ndi gawo losapikisana?

Chigamulo chosapikisana pansi pa Article 7:653 BW chimakuletsani ntchito ikatha; chigamulo cha zochita zina chimakuletsani panthawi ya ntchito. Zonsezi zimayesedwa mosiyana.

Chigamulo chosapikisana chimagwira ntchito pokhapokha ngati chinavomerezedwa m'malemba ndi wantchito wamkulu, komanso mu mgwirizano wa nthawi yokhazikika pokhapokha ndi mawu olembedwa okhudza bizinesi yolemera ya olemba ntchito (Nkhani 7:653(1) ndi (2) BW). Kuletsa ntchito yopikisana mukadali pantchito si chigamulo chosapikisana koma chigamulo cha zochita zina, kotero Nkhani 7:653a BW imagwira ntchito. Mapangano ndi mabuku a antchito nthawi zonse amasakaniza ziwirizi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale mikangano yokhudza mayeso omwe angagwiritsidwe ntchito.

Kodi ufulu ndi maudindo anu monga wantchito ndi otani?

Mwachidule, mumasankha nokha ngati mumagwira ntchito ndi ndani amene mumagwira ntchito kunja kwa maola anu ogwira ntchito. Pobwezera, muyenera kutsatira lamulo lovomerezeka la chidziwitso kapena chilolezo ndikupereka chidziwitso cholondola chokhudza mtundu, maola ndi kasitomala wa ntchitoyo.

Udindo wanu wonse wochita zinthu ngati wantchito wabwino (Nkhani 7:611 BW) ukupitilizabe kugwira ntchito, ngakhale gawolo litapezeka kuti silikugwira ntchito. Simungagwiritse ntchito chinsinsi cha abwana anu kapena zinthu zina zomwe mungagwiritse ntchito pazochitika zanu zam'mbali. Ngati mukukhulupirira kuti chilolezo chinakanidwa molakwika, mutha kupempha khothi lachigawo kuti lipereke chigamulo pankhaniyi.

Kodi abwana angaganizire maola anu ogwirira ntchito kwina?

Inde. Pa lamulo la Maola Ogwira Ntchito, maola omwe mumagwira ntchito kwa olemba ntchito ena kapena monga munthu wodzilemba ntchito amawerengedwa nthawi yanu yonse yogwira ntchito komanso nthawi yopuma.

Bwana amene akuona kuti maola ogwirira ntchito kapena nthawi yopuma yochepa ikupitirira ali ndi chifukwa chodziwika bwino choletsera ntchitoyi. Kutopa komwe kumayang'anira chitetezo, monga mayendedwe kapena chisamaliro, kungathandizenso kuti pakhale chiletso.

Kodi pali vuto ngati pangano lanu ndi la nthawi yokhazikika kapena yokhazikika?

Ayi. Nkhani 7:653a BW sasiyanitsa pakati pa mapangano a nthawi yokhazikika ndi mapangano okhazikika, ndipo imatetezanso ogwira ntchito kwakanthawi ndi ogwira ntchito omwe akubwera.

Mtundu ndi nthawi ya ntchitoyo zingathandize ngati pali chifukwa chomveka, mwachitsanzo pulojekiti yayifupi yokhala ndi mwayi wopeza zambiri zachinsinsi kwambiri. Mayeso okhawo amakhalabe omwewo: olemba ntchito amafunika chifukwa chenicheni komanso chapadera.

Kodi muyenera kufufuza chiyani ngati wolemba ntchito?

• Kodi gawoli ndi udindo wodziwitsa, chilolezo kapena chiletso, ndipo kodi zimenezo zanenedwa momveka bwino?
• Kodi choletsa chilichonse chikugwirizana ndi zinthu zenizeni, monga chinsinsi, chitetezo kapena lamulo la maola ogwira ntchito?
• Kodi gawoli likusiyana momveka bwino ndi gawo loti munthu asapikisane pambuyo pa ntchito lomwe lili mu Article 7:653 BW?
• Kodi mumayesa pempho lililonse la chilolezo payekhapayekha ndikulemba kukana ndi zifukwa?
• Kodi mumayang'anira nthawi yonse yogwira ntchito ya wantchito ndi nthawi yopuma?
• Kodi mapangano omwe alipo ndi buku la antchito ayang'aniridwa motsutsana ndi Article 7:653a BW kuyambira pa 1 Ogasiti 2022?

Kodi muyenera kuwunika chiyani ngati wantchito?

• Kodi buku lanu la mgwirizano kapena la antchito lili ndi chiletso, chilolezo chovomerezeka kapena ntchito yodziwitsa anthu okha?
• Kodi mwanenapo za ntchito ya mbali ina munthawi yake, mtundu wake, maola ake, ndi kasitomala wake?
• Kodi ntchitoyo ikugwirizana ndi makasitomala a abwana anu kapena msika?
• Kodi maola anu onse pamodzi amakhala mkati mwa malire a Working Hours Act?
• Ngati chilolezo chinakanidwa: kodi olemba ntchito adapereka chifukwa chenicheni cholembedwa?
• Kodi munalandira uphungu musananyalanyaze chiletso kapena kukana? Kuswa gawo lovomerezeka kungayambitse chilango kapena kuchotsedwa ntchito.

Kodi tingakuchitireni chiyani ndi ntchito zina zothandizira?

Maloya athu olembera ntchito amalangiza olemba ntchito ndi antchito pa nkhani zokhudzana ndi ntchito zina.

• Tikuwunikiranso gawo lanu la ntchito zothandizira ndi buku lanu la antchito motsutsana ndi Nkhani 7:653a BW.
• Timalemba gawo kapena mfundo zomwe zimatchula chiwongola dzanja chotetezedwa ndi njira yomveka bwino yovomerezera.
• Timayesa ngati kukana chilolezo kumathandizidwa ndi chifukwa chenicheni.
• Timalemba kalata yopempha abwana anu zifukwa zolembedwa zomwe zapangitsa kuti mukane ntchito.
• Timakonza milandu kukhoti lachigawo chaching'ono yokhudza kukana, chilango kapena kuchotsedwa ntchito.

Chidule

• Kuyambira pa 1 Ogasiti 2022, gawo loletsa ntchito kunja kwa maola ogwira ntchito silikugwira ntchito popanda chifukwa chenicheni (Article 7:653a BW).
• Chofunikira cha chilolezo chimagwera pansi pa mayeso omwewo; olemba ntchito sangakane malinga ndi zomwe akufuna.
• Zifukwa zodziwika bwino zikuphatikizapo lamulo la maola ogwira ntchito, chinsinsi, kusamvana kwa zofuna ndi chitetezo.
• Zifukwa zake ziyenera kukhala zenizeni kwa wantchito uyu ndi ntchito iyi.
• Gawo la ntchito zina limagwira ntchito panthawi yogwira ntchito; gawo losapikisana (Article 7:653 BW) pambuyo pake.

MAFUNSO OFUNSIDWA KAWIRIKAWIRI