Milandu yokhudza kuukira ku Netherlands: kusagwira ntchito molakwika, kuopseza ndi lamulo la kanthawi loletsa anthu kulowa m'dziko

Milandu ya chiwawa ndi imodzi mwa nkhani zofala kwambiri zomwe anthu payekha amakumana nazo ku Netherlands. Mkangano kunja kwa bala, mkangano kunyumba womwe mnansi amaunena, uthenga wokwiya wowerengedwa ngati chiwopsezo: aliyense akhoza kupereka fayilo ya apolisi ndi mbiri yaupandu. Nkhaniyi ikufotokoza momwe malamulo aku Dutch amachitira nkhanza ( kusasamalira bwino ) ndi kuopseza ( bedreiging ), momwe mlandu umayendera kuyambira lipoti mpaka kumvedwa, zomwe wozunzidwa anganene, ndi momwe lamulo la kanthawi loletsa anthu kulowa m'nyumba ( tijdelijk huisverbod ) limagwirira ntchito limodzi ndi mlanduwo.

Ngati inu kapena ana anu muli pachiwopsezo, Veilig Thuis, malo operekera upangiri ndi malipoti a nkhanza zapakhomo ndi nkhanza za ana, akhoza kulumikizidwa kwaulere pa 0800-2000, nthawi yonse ya tsiku, ndipo mutha kupempha upangiri mosadziwika.

Kuukira: mlandu wokhudza kusagwira ntchito molakwika

Lamulo la ku Dutch silifotokoza za kuukira. Art. 300 Sr imapangitsa kuti kuzunza munthu wina molakwika kukhale chilango ndipo makhoti akwaniritsa tanthauzo lake: kuvulaza munthu wina mwadala kapena kumuvulaza, kapena kuwononga thanzi lake mwadala. Mfundo zitatu zikutsatira.

• Cholinga chikufunika. Cholinga chokhala ndi mfundo zokwanira chimakwanira — kuvomereza mwadala mwayi waukulu wa ululu kapena kuvulala. Kuyambitsa kuvulala mwa kusasamala kokha ndi mlandu wosiyana, wochepa (art. 308 Sr).
• Kuvulala sikofunikira. Ululu ndi wokwanira: kumenya kopanda chizindikiro kungakhale kuukira.
• Sikuti kulankhulana kulikonse kuli koyenera. Kulumikizana ndi munthu wamba pa masewera ndi chithandizo chamankhwala chovomerezeka sikoyenera. Kuvomereza si chitetezo ku chiwawa chachikulu.

Kuyesa kulanga munthu payekha (art. 45 Sr). Pamene anthu angapo agwiritsa ntchito chiwawa pamodzi pagulu, wozenga mlandu akhoza kuimba mlandu chiwawa cha anthu onse pamodzi (art. 141 Sr), osafunikira umboni wa amene anamenya.

Magulu a zolakwa mwachidule

Chomwe chimasandutsa kuukira kosavuta kukhala mlandu waukulu

Kuvulala kwakukulu kwa thupi

Mzere pakati pa art. 300 Sr ndi art. 302 Sr umadutsa mu zwaar lichamelijk letsel . Art. 82 Sr imalemba milandu yomwe nthawi zonse imawerengedwa, monga kulephera kugwira ntchito kwamuyaya kapena kutaya mphamvu kapena chiwalo. Kupitilira mndandandawo, Khothi Lalikulu limayesa mtundu wa kuvulalako, kufunikira ndi mtundu wa chithandizo chilichonse chamankhwala, komanso chiyembekezo chochira (Hoge Raad 3 Julayi 2018, ECLI:NL:HR:2018:1051). Kusweka komwe kumafuna opaleshoni nthawi zambiri kumayenerera; kuvulala sikuyenerera. Njira ziwiri zimapangitsa kuti munthu apeze mlandu waukulu: cholinga chake chinali kuvulala kwambiri (art. 302 Sr), kapena wotsutsidwayo adafuna kuukira wamba koma kuvulala kwakukulu kunachitika, komwe kumakweza kuchuluka kwa milandu pansi pa art. 300 Sr kuchokera pazaka zitatu mpaka zinayi, ndi kufika pa zisanu ndi chimodzi komwe wozunzidwayo amamwalira.

Kukonzekera

Kukonzekera mwachisawawa ( voorbedachten rade ) kusandutsa luso. 300 Sr kukhala luso. 301 Sr ndi luso. 302 Sr kukhala luso. 303 Sr. Zimafuna kuti wotsutsidwayo akhale ndi nthawi yoganizira za chisankho chochitapo kanthu ndi zotsatira zake, m'malo mochita zinthu mopupuluma. Chifukwa zimawonjezera kwambiri kuchuluka kwa zomwe zikuchitika, ziyenera kuganiziridwa mosamala; nthawi yoganizira si yofunikira pamene zochitika zikusonyeza kutengeka mwadzidzidzi (Hoge Raad 28 February 2012, ECLI:NL:HR:2012:BR2342).

Zinthu zoipitsitsa za Art. 304 Sr

Art. 304 Sr imawonjezera chilango cha milandu yokhudza kuukira ndi gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu m'mikhalidwe yodziwika bwino. Gawoli limatchula amayi, abambo, mwamuna kapena mkazi wa wotsutsidwayo, mnzake wolembetsedwa, mnzake wa moyo ( levensgezel ) ndi mwana wake, komanso wogwira ntchito m'boma yemwe amagwira ntchito movomerezeka mu ofesi yake, zomwe zimaphatikizapo ogwira ntchito ku ambulansi. Chiwalo cha banja ndicho cholumikizira chovomerezeka cha nkhanza za mnzawo ndi banja, ndipo chimagwira ntchito kaya anthu awiriwa akukhalabe limodzi kapena ayi.

Kuopsa (kuopsezedwa)

Si chiwopsezo chilichonse chomwe chili chaupandu. Art. 285 Sr imalanga munthu ndi chimodzi mwa milandu yayikulu yotsekedwa: chiwawa cha anthu onse chokhudzana ndi anthu kapena katundu, chiwawa chotsutsana ndi munthu wotetezedwa padziko lonse lapansi kapena katundu wotetezedwa ndi munthuyo, mlandu womwe umayambitsa ngozi kwa anthu kapena katundu, kugwiririra ndi kugwiririra (arts. 241 ndi 243 Sr), mlandu wotsutsana ndi moyo, kutenga anthu ogwidwa, kuvulaza thupi kwambiri komanso kuwotcha. Kuopseza munthu ndi mbama sikuphimbidwa, chifukwa kuukira wamba sikuli pamndandanda; kuopseza kuti amupha ndi mlandu.

Makhothi amafunanso kuti chiwopsezocho chikhale chokhoza kuyambitsa mantha oyenera kuti chichitike, ndipo kuti chidziwike kwa munthu amene akuopsezedwayo. Sing'angayo si yofunikira ndipo nkhani yake imagwira ntchito: mawu omwewo akhoza kukhala kuphulika kopanda pake pakati pa abwenzi ndi chiwopsezo chenicheni pakati pa banja lolekana lomwe lili ndi mbiri ya chiwawa. Mndandandawu unasinthidwa ndi Sexual Offences Act (Wet seksuele misdrijven), yomwe ikugwira ntchito kuyambira 1 Julayi 2024, ndichifukwa chake tsopano ikunena za arts. 241 ndi 243 Sr m'malo mofotokoza zakale za milandu yogonana.

Chiganizo mwachidule

Malamulo okhwima ndi ofunikira kwambiri, omwe sagwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri; malamulo awiri ofewa amagwira ntchito yeniyeni.

Malangizo a Unduna wa Zachigamulo za Anthu ndi omwe amasankha zomwe wotsutsa milandu akufuna. Motsatira malangizo a Aanwijzing kader voor strafvvording meerderjarigen (2019A003) amagwiritsa ntchito njira ziwiri: poyambira kuchokera ku mlandu ndi kubwerezabwereza kulikonse, kenako kukonza momwe zinthu zilili, momwe wozunzidwayo amakhudzira komanso udindo wa wotsutsidwayo. Pa kuukira, chida chogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi Richtlijn voor strafvvording mihandendeling (2020R008). Kukweza kwakukulu kumagwira ntchito pobwerezabwereza mkati mwa zaka zisanu komanso pa chiwawa chotsutsana ndi antchito aboma ndi ogwira ntchito zadzidzidzi: pa milandu yotsutsana ndi anthu omwe akuchita ntchito ya boma motetezeka ( veilige publieke taak ) malangizowa amafotokoza kukweza koyenera kwa 200%.

Malo otsogolera milandu (LOVS oriëntatiepunten ) amachitanso chimodzimodzi kukhothi. Ndi malo oyambira, osati malamulo omangirira, ndipo amawonjezeka ndi kuvulaza ndi njira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito: kuyambira chindapusa chochepa chifukwa cha kumenya komwe kumayambitsa ululu wokha, kudzera muutumiki wa anthu ammudzi komwe chida chimagwiritsidwa ntchito, mpaka miyezi ingapo yokhala m'ndende chifukwa cha kuvulaza thupi kwambiri. Amanenanso kuti pamilandu ya nkhanza zapakhomo, chindapusa sichimaperekedwa.

Kawirikawiri chilangocho nthawi zambiri chimakhala ntchito ya anthu ammudzi, chindapusa, kapena chilango chachifupi cha kundende chomwe chimayimitsidwa kwathunthu kapena pang'ono ndi mikhalidwe yapadera: kuyang'aniridwa ndi kuyesedwa, chithandizo chankhanza, kuletsa mowa, kuletsa kukhudzana ndi munthu kapena dera. Kuphwanya malamulo kungayambitse kukakamizidwa kwa gawo loyimitsidwa. Pa milandu yoopsa kwambiri yachiwawa, lamulo loyera la ntchito ya anthu ammudzi limaletsedwa ndi lamulo (art. 22b Sr).

Kudziteteza: noodweer ndi noodweerexces

Art. 41 Sr ili ndi njira zonse ziwiri zodzitetezera. Noodweer imatsimikizira khalidwe lofunikira poteteza thupi la munthu kapena la wina, umphumphu wa kugonana kapena katundu wake motsutsana ndi kuukira kosaloledwa mwachangu. Chigamulo chonse (Hoge Raad 22 Marichi 2016, ECLI:NL:HR:2016:456) chikufotokoza zofunikira: kuukira kwenikweni, kosaloledwa komanso kosaloledwa - kuopa kuukira mtsogolo sikokwanira; chitetezo chomwe chinali chofunikira, kotero kuthekera kochokera kunja kunayenera kutengedwa; ndipo kumatanthauza kufananiza ndi kuukirako. Kupempha kopambana kumabweretsa kutulutsidwa ku mlandu, osati kumasulidwa.

Noodweerexces imakhululukira woteteza amene anapitirira malire amenewo, koma pokhapokha ngati kupitirira muyeso kunali chifukwa cha kusokonezeka maganizo komwe kunayambitsidwa ndi kuukira komweko, kwamphamvu kwenikweni ndi kudziwa momwe angayankhire. Wotsutsa amene anayambitsa mkanganowo akhoza kutaya chitetezo chonsecho.

Kuchokera ku lipoti mpaka kumvetsera

Mlandu nthawi zambiri umayamba ndi lipoti ku polisi kuchokera kwa munthu wovulalayo, kapena kuchokera kwa munthu wina monga mnansi, sukulu kapena Veilig Thuis. Apolisi amatenga mawu ndikusonkhanitsa umboni wa zachipatala ndi zithunzi za kamera, ndipo wokayikira angaitanidwe kuti akafunsidwe mafunso kapena kumangidwa.

Wokayikira ali ndi ufulu wofunsa loya asanayambe kuyankhulana koyamba, kukhala ndi loya womufunsa mafunso, komanso kukhala chete. Ngati wokayikirayo wasungidwa, wozenga mlandu akhoza kulamula apolisi kuti asungidwe; woweruza wofufuza milanduyo amayesa kumusunga kwa nthawi yayitali.

Wosuma mlandu kenako amasankha: kusiya mlanduwo, kaya ndi malamulo kapena ayi; kuutumiza kwa woyimira pakati; kuthetsa mlanduwo ndi chilango; kapena kuitana wokayikirayo kukhothi. Milandu yambiri yachiwawa imadutsa munjira yachangu ya ZSM. Poyembekezera mlanduwo, wosuma mlanduyo amatha kupereka malangizo okhudza khalidwe (art. 509hh Sv) - nthawi zambiri chiletso chokhudzana ndi anthu kapena dera.

The strafbeschikking

Milandu ya nkhanza zapakhomo nthawi zambiri imathetsedwa ndi lamulo la chilango ( strafbeschikking ) loperekedwa ndi wozenga mlandu popanda kumva mlandu. Lilipo pa milandu yomwe imatha zaka zosachepera zisanu ndi chimodzi, kuphatikizapo kuukira ndi kuopseza. Wozenga mlandu sangalamule kumangidwa, koma akhoza kupereka chindapusa, ntchito yothandiza anthu mpaka maola 180, malipiro, ndi makhalidwe abwino. Malangizo a nkhanza zapakhomo amaona kuti ndi koyenera pokhapokha ngati pali milandu yochepa: kuvulala komwe kulibe kapena kochepa, palibe chiwopsezo cha chiwawa chatsopano, chochitika choyamba, kapena wochita zachiwawa wodandaula akufuna thandizo.

Lamulo la chilango limakhala ndi mlandu ndipo limalembedwa mu kaundula wa zikalata za khothi, zomwe ndizofunikira kwa aliyense amene ali ndi udindo wokhala, kuvomerezedwa kukhala nzika kapena satifiketi ya khalidwe lake zimadalira mbiri yoyera. Munthu amene savomereza akhoza kupereka chitsutso ( verzet ) mkati mwa masiku khumi ndi anayi kuchokera pamene lamulo la chilango lafika kwa iye mwini (art. 257e Sv), pambuyo pake mlanduwo umapita kukhothi.

Ku khothi, milandu yolunjika imamvedwa ndi woweruza m'modzi, politierechter , yemwe nthawi zambiri amapereka chigamulo pakamwa nthawi imodzi; milandu yoopsa kwambiri imapita ku chipinda cha oweruza atatu. Apilo ndi ya khothi lopempha ndipo, malinga ndi lamulo lokha, ku Khothi Lalikulu. Kumva milandu kumachitika mu Chidatchi, ndi womasulira. Wetboek van Strafvordering yatsopano idzasintha manambala a malamulowa. Idavomerezedwa ndi Eerste Kamer pa 24 February 2026 ndipo idasindikizidwa mu Staatsblad pa 13 March 2026, koma ikuyamba kugwira ntchito buku ndi buku ndi lamulo lachifumu, kotero manambala omwe ali pamwambapa ndi manambala omwe amagwira ntchito pa mlandu womwe ukuchitika pano.

Wozunzidwayo pa mlandu waupandu

Wozunzidwayo ali ndi ufulu wodziwitsidwa za mlanduwo, kuthandizidwa ndi loya kapena Slachtofferhulp Nederland, kuyang'ana fayiloyo, komanso pamilandu yayikulu yolankhula kukhothi.

Wozunzidwayo angathenso kupempha chipukuta misozi mkati mwa mlanduwu mwa kulowa nawo ngati munthu wovulala (art. 51f Sv), pa fomu yotumizidwa ndi Public Prosecution Service. Chilangocho chingalipirire ndalama zachipatala, ndalama zotayika, katundu wowonongeka ndi kuwonongeka kwina. Khothi limachita ndi nkhaniyi pokhapokha ngati sipakhala vuto lalikulu pa milanduyo; ngati ndi yovuta kwambiri, imalengezedwa kuti siiloledwa ndipo wozunzidwayo amasiyidwa m'manja mwa khothi la anthu wamba.

Pamene pempho laperekedwa, khoti nthawi zambiri limaperekanso muyeso wa malipiro a art. 36f Sr. Boma limasonkhanitsa, kotero wozunzidwayo sayenera kukakamiza mwiniwakeyo, ndipo ngati ndalamazo sizinalipidwe patatha miyezi isanu ndi itatu Boma limalipira ndalama zonse zomwe zatsala. Kwa ozunzidwa ndi milandu yachiwawa ndi milandu yogonana, limalipira zonse zomwe zilibe, popanda malire; pa milandu yokhudza katundu, ndalama zolipirira zimakhala zokhazikika, pa ndalama zomwe zimakhazikitsidwa ndi lamulo ndipo zimalembedwa chaka chilichonse. Payokha, Schadefonds Geweldsmisdrijven imatha kulipira ozunzidwa ndi milandu yayikulu yachiwawa, kuphatikizapo komwe palibe wolakwa amene wapezeka ndi mlandu.

Nkhanza zapakhomo ndi lamulo la kanthawi loletsa anthu kulowa m'nyumba

Nkhanza zapakhomo si mlandu wosiyana. Umaimbidwa mlandu ngati kuukira, kuopseza, kutsata, kukakamiza kapena mlandu wogonana , ndi art. 304 Sr ikukulitsa vutoli pamene wozunzidwayo ndi mnzanu, kholo kapena mwana. Chosiyana ndi mfundo zozungulira izi, zomwe zafotokozedwa mu Aanwijzing huiselijk geweld en kindermishandeling (2022A001).

Zinthu ziwiri zimadabwitsa anthu. Choyamba, otsutsa milandu amatha kuchitapo kanthu paokha — udindo wa wozunzidwayo umayesedwa koma siwotsimikizika, ndipo lipoti likaperekedwa silingachotsedwe, ngakhale wozunzidwayo anganene kuti zomwe akufuna zasintha. Chachiwiri, njira imeneyi imayang'ana kwambiri dongosolo: milandu, kayendetsedwe ka boma ndi milandu zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi chithandizo chodzifunira, chokhudza Veilig Thuis, bungwe loyang'anira milandu ndi Bungwe Loteteza Ana.

Ndani amaika huisverbod, ndipo pa mayeso otani

Lamulo la kanthawi kochepa loletsa anthu kulowa m'nyumba motsatira lamulo la Wet tijdelijk huisverbod ndi njira yoyendetsera ntchito, osati chilango chaupandu. Limaperekedwa ndi meya , yemwe kwenikweni amapatsa mphamvu apolisi akuluakulu ( hulpofficier van justitie ) kuti ligwiritsidwe ntchito nthawi iliyonse.

Lamuloli limafuna kuti munthuyo achoke m'nyumba inayake nthawi yomweyo, limawaletsa kulowa kapena kukhala pafupi nayo, ndipo limaletsa kulankhulana ndi anthu okhala kumeneko. Kuyesaku ndi ngati zenizeni ndi zochitika zikusonyeza kuti kupezeka kwawo kuli pachiwopsezo chachikulu komanso chofulumira ku chitetezo cha mamembala a m'banjamo, kapena kukayikira kwakukulu. Kumeneko ndi kuwunika zoopsa, osati kupeza mlandu: lamulo likhoza kuperekedwa popanda umboni uliwonse wa mlandu komanso popanda kumangidwa, lothandizidwa ndi chida chowunikira zoopsa. Chida chimenecho ndi chida cha Risicotaxatie Huiselijk Geweld (RiHG), chomwe apolisi wamkulu amachimaliza: zizindikiro makumi awiri zomwe zimayikidwa pansi pa munthu wokhudzidwayo, momwe chochitikacho chinachitikira komanso momwe zinthu zilili m'banjamo. Besluit tijdelijk huisverbod sichitchula RiHG; chimalemba zenizeni ndi zochitika zomwe ziyenera kuyezedwa, ndipo RiHG ndi chida chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pozipanga. Mtundu womwe ukugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mtundu 2.2, womwe unatulutsidwa mu 2008 ndipo sunasinthidwe kuyambira pamenepo - mfundo yotsutsa mu kusanthula kwa 2024 kwa Association of Netherlands Municipalities, komwe kunapeza kuti umayang'ana kwambiri zochitika komanso wosagwirizana ndi chidziwitso chamakono, koma ukadali chida chomwe chikugwiritsidwa ntchito. Ngati akukayikira kuti nkhanza za ana zikuchitiridwa nkhanza, meya amalankhula ndi Veilig Thuis.

Kutalika, kukulitsa ndi kuphwanya malamulo

Lamuloli limatenga masiku khumi. Ngati ngozi, kapena kukayikira kwakukulu, kukupitirira, meya akhoza kuliwonjezera mpaka milungu inayi kuyambira tsiku lomwe linaperekedwa. Nthawi imeneyi imagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonza chithandizo.

Kuswa lamuloli ndi mlandu waukulu, womwe ungalangidwe motsatira gawo 11 la Wet tijdelijk huisverbod ndi kumangidwa kwa zaka ziwiri kapena chindapusa cha gulu lachinayi. Chifukwa chakuti izi zikuphatikizapo chiletso cholankhulana, uthenga kapena kuyimba foni kungakhale kuphwanya lamulo ngakhale munthuyo sakuyandikira nyumbayo.

Kutsutsa lamuloli — khoti losiyana, njira yosiyana

Lamuloli ndi chigamulo cha utsogoleri, kotero likutsutsidwa pamaso pa khoti la utsogoleri ku rechtbank, osati khoti la milandu. Popeza masiku khumi ndi ochepa, lamuloli limapereka njira yofulumira: pamodzi ndi apilo, munthu wochotsedwayo amapempha kuti apereke chigamulo chokhazikika (art. 8:81 Awb). Ayenera kumvedwa mkati mwa masiku atatu ndipo woweruzayo amalamula nthawi yomweyo pambuyo pake; palibe ndalama zomwe khoti limalipira. Loya amapatsidwa kudzera mu bungwe lothandizira zamalamulo ngati munthuyo alibe (art. 5 ya lamuloli), ndipo ana azaka khumi ndi ziwiri kapena kupitirira apo akhoza kupereka maganizo awo.

Izi ndi njira zosiyana. Woweruza milandu amangosankha ngati meya angaganize moyenera kuti panali ngozi yayikulu komanso yachangu. Kutaya mlandu sikutanthauza kuti munthu wapezeka ndi mlandu; kupambana sikuletsa mlandu.

Momwe zimagwirizanirana ndi malamulo a banja

Lamulo loletsa ana silisankha amene angakhale m'nyumba ya banja kwa nthawi yayitali, kapena chilichonse chokhudza ana. Amenewo ndi a khoti la banja, pa milandu yothetsa banja kapena pa nthawi yopereka chithandizo; khoti la boma lingathenso kuletsa kulankhulana kapena dera m'milandu yachidule, njira yomwe palibe mlandu waupandu kapena lamulo loletsa ana. Njirazi zimagwirizana: kuletsa kulankhulana pakati pa makolo sikuthetsa ubale wa kholo lina ndi ana, ndipo zinthu zomwe zili mu chilango choyimitsidwa zimatha kugwirizana ndi zomwe khoti la banja limachita.

Zotsatira zake kwa nzika zakunja

Kwa aliyense amene si nzika ya ku Netherlands, chigamulo cha chiwawa chili ndi gawo lachiwiri. Bungwe la IND limagwiritsa ntchito mayeso a boma pa ma fomu okhala ndi zilolezo zomwe zilipo: chigamulocho chingapangitse kuti munthu akane, asawonjezere kapena achotsedwe. Mayesowa amagwiritsa ntchito sikelo yotsika ya art. 3.86 ya Vreemdelingenbesluit 2000, yomwe imayesa chiweruzo chonse poyerekeza ndi nthawi ya kukhala m'ndende movomerezeka: malire amafotokozedwa m'masiku ndi miyezi ya kumangidwa ndipo amasiya pamene kukhala m'ndende movomerezeka kumawonjezeka, kotero munthu akakhala nthawi yayitali pano mwalamulo, chilangocho chiyenera kukhala cholemera kwambiri chilolezocho chisanalowe pachiwopsezo. Nzika za EU ndi okhala nthawi yayitali ali ndi chitetezo champhamvu.

Kulandira ufulu wa nzika kumakhudzidwa padera. Wopemphayo sayenera kuyika pachiwopsezo pagulu, zomwe zimayesedwa zaka zisanu asanapemphe pempho ndipo mpaka pa chisankho ndi mwambo. Pansi pa Handeling Rijkswet op het Nederlanderschap kupatsidwa ufulu wa nzika kumachotsedwa ndi chilango chimodzi cha ndalama cha €900 kapena kuposerapo; ndi zilango zingapo za €450 kapena kuposerapo chilichonse chokwana €1,350 kapena kuposerapo; ndi lamulo limodzi lopereka chithandizo cha anthu ammudzi la maola 36 kapena kuposerapo; ndi zilango zingapo zopereka chithandizo cha anthu ammudzi za maola 18 kapena kuposerapo chilichonse chokwana maola 54 kapena kuposerapo; komanso ndi chilango chilichonse chomangidwa, choyimitsidwa kapena chosayimitsidwa. Kufunika kwa strafbeschikking . Handeling imasinthidwa nthawi ndi nthawi, choncho yang'anani malire omwe akugwira ntchito pamene pempholo laperekedwa. Aliyense amene ali ndi chilolezo kapena pempho loyembekezera ayenera kulipereka kwa loya wawo wa milandu pamsonkhano woyamba.