Amalonda akasankha kukhazikitsa bizinesi yawo mwalamulo, zochitika zamalonda nthawi zambiri zimayenda mwachangu kuposa njira yovomerezeka yolembetsedwa mwalamulo. Kuteteza malo amalonda, kugula zinthu zoyambira, ndi kulemba antchito ndi zinthu zofunika kwambiri zomwe sizingayembekezere nthawi zonse kuti notary amalize zikalata zolembetsedwa. Kuti akwaniritse izi mwachangu zamalonda, malamulo amakampani aku Dutch amavomereza BV mu oprichting (nthawi zambiri amafupikitsidwa ngati BV io), zomwe zikutanthauza kampani yachinsinsi yomwe ili mu mapangidwe.
Njira imeneyi imalola oyambitsa kuchitapo kanthu m'malo mwa kampani yomwe ikufunidwa isanakhalepo mwalamulo. Komabe, kuyendetsa bizinesi mu gawo losinthali kumabweretsa zotsatirapo zazikulu zalamulo. Cholinga cha malamulo ndikuthandizira zochitika za bizinesi pomwe nthawi yomweyo kuteteza anthu ena omwe akupanga mgwirizano ndi bungwe lomwe silinapeze umwini wovomerezeka. Kuyenda mu gawoli kumafuna kumvetsetsa bwino momwe udindo umagawidwira, njira zovomerezera, ndi maudindo okhwima omwe amaperekedwa kwa oyambitsa ndi owongolera. Kusamvetsetsa malamulo awa nthawi zambiri kumabweretsa udindo wosayembekezereka waumwini, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ikhale nkhani yobwerezabwereza komanso yofunika kwambiri pamilandu yamakampani aku Dutch.
Mkhalidwe Walamulo wa BV mu Kupanga
Mfundo yaikulu ya malamulo a kampani ku Netherlands ndi yakuti BV mu oprichting ilibe umunthu wovomerezeka (rechtspersoonlijkheid). Popeza si bungwe lovomerezeka, kampaniyo yomwe ikupanga singathe kukhala ndi ufulu wodziyimira payokha, kutenga maudindo, kapena kupeza katundu. Ufulu wovomerezeka umapezeka pokhapokha panthawi yomwe kampaniyo yakhazikitsidwa mwalamulo. Malinga ndi Artikel 2:175 BW, kukhazikitsidwa kumeneku kumafuna kuti oyambitsa achite chikalata cha notarial.
Kuphatikiza apo, kuti pakhale bungwe lovomerezeka, zolemba za mgwirizano (malamulo) zomwe zili mkati mwa chikalatachi ziyenera kukwaniritsa zofunikira zinazake zalamulo. Malinga ndi Artikel 2:177 BW, zolembazo ziyenera kunena mosapita m'mbali dzina la kampaniyo, ofesi yake yolembetsedwa mkati mwa Netherlands, ndi cholinga cha kampani yake.
Pofufuza momwe kampani ilili mwalamulo komanso zoopsa zomwe zingachitike pakampaniyo ikayamba kupanga kampani, akatswiri azamalamulo ayenera kusiyanitsa bwino magawo awiri osiyana. Choyamba ndi gawo lokonzekera bizinesi, lomwe limatenga nthawi kuyambira chisankho choyamba chokhazikitsa kampaniyo mpaka kuperekedwa kwa chikalata cha notarial. Panthawiyi, bungweli sililipo, ndipo oyambitsa amagwira ntchito motsatira malamulo enieni okhudza udindo wokhazikitsa kampaniyo. Chachiwiri ndi gawo lokonzekera bizinesi pambuyo pa chikalata koma lolembetsa kale. Pano, kampaniyo yapeza umunthu wovomerezeka kudzera mu chikalata cha notarial, koma kulembetsa mwalamulo mu kaundula wamalonda waku Dutch kukuyembekezeredwa. Ngakhale magawo onse awiriwa akuwonetsa omwe akuchita nawo udindo pawokha, maziko alamulo ndi mtundu wa zoopsa zimasiyana kwambiri pakati pa nthawi ziwirizi.
Momwe Mungayambitsire BV mu Kupanga: Njira Zothandiza
Njira yoyambira BV mwalamulo komanso mwachionekere mu oprichting imafuna kutsata mosamala komanso zolemba. Gawoli limayamba nthawi yomwe oyambitsa omwe akufuna kupanga chisankho chomveka bwino chokhazikitsa kampani yachinsinsi ndikuyamba kukonzekera. Izi zimaphatikizapo kudziwa kapangidwe ka magawo omwe akufunidwa, kulemba zolemba za mgwirizano, ndikusankha otsogolera oyamba ovomerezeka. Chifukwa chakuti besloten vennootschap oprichten yovomerezeka imafuna kutsatira kwambiri malamulo, kugwiritsa ntchito notary wa malamulo aboma ndikofunikira kwambiri. Notary ali ndi udindo wokonzekera chikalata cha notarial ndikuwonetsetsa kuti zofunikira zonse zalamulo zikukwaniritsidwa. Chodziwika bwino ndichakuti, kusintha njira zamakampani kwapangitsa kuti njirayi ikhale yosavuta; motsatira Article 2:175a BW, kuyika kampani tsopano kungathandizenso kudzera mu chikalata cha notarial chamagetsi. Kupita patsogolo kwa digito kumeneku kwachepetsa kwambiri nthawi yosinthira kuyika kampani, kuchepetsa nthawi yoyika kampani yomwe ili pachiwopsezo.
Kuyambira nthawi yomwe chisankhocho chaperekedwa mpaka chikalatacho chitaperekedwa, oyambitsa kapena otsogolera omwe akufuna kukhazikitsidwa angafunike kulowa nawo mapangano. Lamulo limawalola kuchita rechtshandelingen vóór oprichting (malamulo asanakhazikitsidwe), koma malamulo okhwima ozindikiritsa amagwira ntchito. Gulu lochita izi liyenera kudzidziwitsa mosalekeza komanso momveka bwino kwa anzawo kuti akuchita m'malo mwa kampani yomwe akufuna. Izi zimachitika mwa kuwonjezera "namens [Dzina la Kampani] BV io" ku makalata onse, mapangano, ndi ma invoice. Kulephera kugwiritsa ntchito dzinali nthawi zonse kumabweretsa kusamveka bwino pankhani ya ngati lamuloli lidachitika payekha kapena m'malo mwa kampani yomwe ikupanga, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimapangitsa kuti munthu akhale ndi mlandu mwachindunji popanda kuthekera kwa kampaniyo kutenga mgwirizano pambuyo pake.
Zofunikira pa ndalama zogulira zinthu zimagwiranso ntchito yofunika kwambiri panthawiyi. Pambuyo pa kukhazikitsidwa kwa lamulo la flex-BV mu 2012, ndalama zocheperako zogulira zinthu zomwe zimafunika kukhala €18,000 zinathetsedwa. Komabe, zolemba za bungweli ziyenerabe kufotokoza ndalama zovomerezeka, ndipo magawo aliwonse omwe aperekedwa ayenera kulipidwa akaphatikizidwa. Mapangano okhudza kupereka magawo ndi zopereka zilizonse zomwe sizili za ndalama ziyenera kulembedwa mosamala ndikulumikizidwa ku chikalata cha notarial motsatira Artikel 2:204 BW.
Chikalata chovomerezeka cha notarial chikaperekedwa, otsogolera atsopanowa akukumana ndi udindo woyang'anira nthawi yomweyo. Ayenera kumaliza mwachangu kulembetsa kampaniyi ndikuyika kopi yovomerezeka ya chikalata chovomerezeka cha notarial ku Chamber of Commerce. Nthawi pakati pa chisankho choyamba chogulitsa ngati BV io ndi kulembetsa komaliza kumeneku ikhoza kukhala kuyambira masiku angapo mpaka milungu ingapo. Akatswiri azamalamulo amalangiza kwambiri amalonda kuti aziona tsiku lililonse pazenera lino ngati nthawi yowonjezereka yamilandu, kufuna zikalata zolimba komanso kugwiritsa ntchito nthawi zonse dzina la "io" kuti lidziwitse anthu ena onse kuti bungwe lovomerezeka sililipobe mwalamulo.
Malamulo Asanayambe Kuphatikizidwa: Ndondomeko Yalamulo ya Article 2:203 BW
Njira yaikulu yoyendetsera zochitika zisanayambe kulembedwa yakhazikitsidwa mu Article 2:203 BW. Nkhaniyi ikulinganiza kufunika kwa malonda kukonzekera ntchito za bizinesi ndi kufunika koteteza obwereketsa. Ikulamula kuti zochita zalamulo zomwe zimachitika m'malo mwa BV mu oprichting zimangomanga kampaniyo ngati kampaniyo yavomereza mosapita m'mbali kapena mosapita m'mbali (bekrachtiging rechtshandeling) zochitazo zitangolembedwa mwalamulo. Kuvomereza kumagwira ntchito ngati mlatho wovomerezeka; kumasamutsa ufulu ndi maudindo ochokera ku pangano lisanayambe kulembedwa kuchokera kwa munthu wochitapo kanthu kupita ku kampani yatsopanoyo.
Njirayi si yokhazikika. Mpaka chitsimikizo chovomerezeka chikachitika, udindo wovomerezeka pansi pa ndime yoyamba ya Article 2:203 BW ndi wovuta: munthu amene adachita lamulo m'malo mwa kampani mu bungweli ali ndi mlandu pamodzi ndi anthu ena onse ochita sewero. Izi zikutanthauza kuti mnzakeyo akhoza kusaka munthu wochita seweroyo kuti amupatse ndalama zonse kapena ndalama ngati kampaniyo yalephera kutenga pangano.
Kutsimikizira kungakhale m'njira ziwiri: mwachindunji kapena mosaganizira. Kutsimikizira mwachindunji kumaphatikizapo mawu omveka bwino, olembedwa kuchokera ku kampani yatsopanoyo kupita kwa kampani ina, kutsimikizira kuti ikutenga ufulu ndi maudindo a pangano la pre-incorporation. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, kutsimikizira kosaganizira kumatengedwa kuchokera ku zomwe kampaniyo yachita pambuyo pa incorporation. Ngati kampani yatsopanoyo iyamba kuchita panganolo—monga, polipira lendi ya lendi yamalonda yomwe idasainidwa panthawi ya io gain, kapena potumiza ma invoice pansi pa dzina la kampani kutengera pangano la pre-incorporation—makhothi nthawi zambiri amatanthauzira izi ngati kutsimikizira kosaganizira.
Komabe, Khoti Lalikulu la ku Netherlands laika malire okhwima pa momwe kuvomereza kumaperekedwera. Mu chigamulo chofunikira kwambiri cha 2017, Khoti Lalikulu linatsimikiza kuti kuvomereza kuyenera, makamaka, kutsogozedwa ndi kulandiridwa ndi ogwirizana nawo. Chigamulo chamkati cha kampani chovomereza pangano, kapena kungotenga ntchito popanda kuwonetsa izi kwa munthu wina, sichikwanira kuchotsa woyambitsayo ku udindo wawo wogwirizana ndi ena. Ogwirizana nawo ayenera kudziwitsidwa momveka bwino kuti bungwe lovomerezeka latenga mwalamulo ubale wa pangano.
Udindo wa Munthu Wochita Zinthu
Ndondomeko ya udindo kwa iwo omwe akuchita ntchito m'malo mwa kampani yomwe ikupanga ndi yokhwima mwadala. Lamulo loyambira ndi losatsutsika: munthu amene akuchita mgwirizanowu ali ndi udindo wogwirizana komanso payekhapayekha mpaka kampaniyo itavomereza bwino lamuloli. Udindo wa munthu wosakhalitsawu umakhala wokhazikika ngati njira yokhazikitsira kampaniyo yasiyidwa. Ngati oyambitsa asankha kusapitiriza, kapena ngati notary akana kuchita chikalatacho, kampaniyo sidzakhalapo kuti ivomereze mgwirizanowo. Chifukwa chake, maudindo onse amakhalabe ogwirizana kwa munthu wochita mgwirizano, yemwe ayenera kukwaniritsa mapangano ochokera ku chuma chawo.
Mavuto nthawi zambiri amabuka pamene kampani yomwe yakhazikitsidwa pambuyo pake imasiyana kwambiri ndi bungwe lomwe linkaganiziridwa poyamba panthawi yokambirana asanakhazikitsidwe. Chiphunzitso cha zamalamulo chimafuna kuti kuvomerezedwa kukhale kovomerezeka, payenera kukhala "kudziwika kokwanira" (voldoende identiteit) pakati pa BV io yomwe ikufunidwa ndi Makhothi a BV omwe adakhazikitsidwa mwalamulo amawunika kudziwika kumeneku poyerekeza dzina la kampani, cholinga cha kampani, kapangidwe ka eni masheya, kapangidwe ka oyang'anira, ndi malo olembetsedwa. Ngati woyambitsa akambirana pangano la kampani yatsopano yaukadaulo koma pamapeto pake aphatikiza kampani yogulitsa nyumba ndi dzina losiyana ndi omwe akukhudzidwa osiyanasiyana, mnzakeyo anganene bwino kuti bungwe lovomerezeka silikudziwika kokwanira. Muzochitika zotere, kuvomerezedwa kumaonedwa kuti ndi kosavomerezeka, ndipo munthu wochitapo kanthu amakhala ndi udindo wonse payekha.
Ngakhale kukhazikitsidwa ndi kuvomerezedwa kwa kampani kukuchitika bwino, munthu wochita bizinesiyo sakhala wopanda chiopsezo. Ndime yachitatu ya Article 2:203 BW ikupereka lamulo la Beklamel-norm, chitetezo chofunikira kwa obwereketsa. Lamuloli likunena kuti ngakhale atavomerezedwa moyenera, munthu wochita bizinesiyo amakhalabe ndi mlandu wolipira ndalama ngati akudziwa, kapena ayenera kudziwa, kuti kampani yatsopanoyo singathe kukwaniritsa zomwe akuyenera kuchita. Lamuloli limateteza anthu ena ku omwe adayambitsa omwe mwadala amasintha ngongole zosakhazikika kukhala chipolopolo cha kampani yopanda pake. Kuphatikiza apo, lamuloli limapereka umboni wamphamvu wotsimikizira wobwereketsa: ngati kampaniyo yalengezedwa kuti yalephera ntchito mkati mwa chaka chimodzi kuchokera pamene idakhazikitsidwa, lamuloli limangoganiza kuti munthu wochita bizinesiyo anali ndi chidziwitsochi kale cha kusakwanitsa ndalama. Kutsutsa lingaliro ili kukhothi n'kovuta kwambiri ndipo kumafuna umboni wokwanira wa zochitika zakunja zosayembekezereka.
Kulembetsa Kaundula wa Zamalonda ndi Nkhani 2:180 BW
Chikalata chovomerezeka cha notarial chikaperekedwa ndipo kampaniyo ikakhala ndi ufulu wovomerezeka, gawo loyambirira kulembetsa limatha, koma nthawi yomweyo nthawi yoti munthu akhale ndi udindo wina imatsegulidwa. Lamuloli limapereka udindo waukulu kwa bungwe loyang'anira lomwe langosankhidwa kumene kuti lilembetse kampaniyo mu kaundula wamalonda waku Dutch ndikuyika kopi yeniyeni ya notariële akte oprichting.
Nkhani 2:180 BW imayang'anira gawo lolembetsa losinthali. Ikulamula kuti mpaka zofunikira zolembetsa ndi kuyika zikwaniritsidwe mokwanira, owongolera ali ndi udindo pamodzi ndi kampani pa chilichonse chovomerezeka chomwe chachitika panthawiyi. Mosiyana ndi dongosolo lovomerezeka, iyi ndi njira yokhwima yolipirira. Imagwira ntchito mopanda tsankho komanso mosapita m'mbali, mosasamala kanthu kuti munthu wina amene wachita nawo mgwirizano anali kudziwa bwino kuti kulembetsa kudakalipo.
Zotsatira zenizeni za ulamuliro wokhwimawu ndi zazikulu. Ngakhale kuchedwa pang'ono kwa kayendetsedwe ka ntchito kwa masiku angapo pakati pa kukwaniritsidwa kwa chikalata cha notarial ndi kukonza kulembetsa kwa register yamalonda kumabweretsa kusiyana kwakukulu kwa udindo. Ngati director asayina pangano lalikulu la ogulitsa patsiku lokhazikitsidwa koma Chamber of Commerce isanasinthe register, katundu wawo amaonekera bwino pamodzi ndi katundu wa kampaniyo pa mgwirizano womwewo. Chifukwa chake, njira yabwino yovomerezeka ndi malamulo imafuna kuti director ayimitse zochitika zonse zazikulu mpaka atatsimikizira kuti kulembetsa ndi kwa anthu onse komanso kokwanira.
Kuchotsa Udindo Pakampani
Ngakhale kuti boma lovomerezeka limakonda kwambiri chitetezo cha obwereketsa, magulu amalonda ali ndi ufulu wokambirana zinthu zosiyanasiyana. Ndime yachiwiri ya Article 2:203 BW imalola maguluwo kuchotsa udindo wa munthu wochita seweroli mwa mgwirizano. Komabe, lamuloli likufuna kuti kuchotsedwa kumeneku kuyenera "kufotokozedwa momveka bwino" (uitdrukkelijk bedongen).
Muzochita zamalamulo, kumvetsetsa kosamveka bwino kapena kutanthauzira kosamveka bwino m'mawu ndi mikhalidwe yonse sikukwanira kuchotsa udindo wogwirizana ndi malamulo ndi angapo. Kuti ugwiritsidwe ntchito mwalamulo, gawo lochotsera liyenera kukhala losamveka bwino, lokambirana, komanso lolunjika makamaka pa udindo wa munthu amene akuchita zinthu m'malo mwa BV io Gawo lolembedwa bwino lidzanena momveka bwino kuti gulu logwirizana limangoyang'ana kampani yamtsogolo kuti igwire ntchito bwino ndipo limasiya ufulu wofunafuna woyambitsa, ngakhale kampaniyo sinakhazikitsidwe kapena kulephera kuvomereza mgwirizano.
Ngakhale ufulu wa mgwirizanowu, pali malire olimba. Gawo lodziwikiratu lochotsa kampani limangochepetsa udindo wolephera malinga ndi ndime ziwiri zoyambirira za lamuloli. Silingathe kuletsa chitetezo chovomerezeka cha wobwereketsa chomwe chakhazikitsidwa ndi Beklamel-norm mu ndime yachitatu. Ngati woyambitsa akambirana za kuchotsedwa kwa ngongole koma akudziwa kuti kampaniyo yamtsogolo idzakhala yopanda ndalama ikadzayamba kulembetsa, wopikisana nayeyo akhozabe kuwononga chishango cha mgwirizano. Woyambitsayo adzakhalabe ndi mlandu payekha pazowonongeka zomwe zachitika chifukwa cha chidziwitso chake cholakwika, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti gawo lochotsa kampani likhale lopanda mphamvu mwalamulo motsutsana ndi machitidwe achinyengo kapena osasamala kwambiri okhudzana ndi kuyika kampani.
Zoopsa za CounterParty
Kulemba mgwirizano ndi BV kumafuna kuti mnzakeyo avomereze chiopsezo chamalonda chowerengedwa. Choopsa chachikulu ndi mgwirizano ndi bungwe lachilendo. Ngati bizinesi yamalonda yagwa chikalata cha notarial chisanaperekedwe, palibe bungwe la kampani lomwe lidzakhalepo kuti livomereze mgwirizanowo. Ngakhale mnzakeyo akusunga pempho motsutsana ndi munthu wochita izi, zenizeni zamalonda nthawi zambiri zimakhala kuti munthuyo alibe ndalama zokwanira kuti akwaniritse pempho lalikulu la kampani, zomwe zimapangitsa wobwereketsayo kukhala ndi ngongole yosatha.
Chiwopsezo chachiwiri chimachitika pamene kampani yosiyana kwambiri ikuyesera kuvomereza mgwirizano. Ngati oyambitsa asintha dongosolo lawo la bizinesi ndikukhazikitsa kampani yokhala ndi cholinga chosiyana kapena thandizo lazachuma lofooka, kampani yogwirizana nayo ingadzipeze kuti yagwirizana ndi mnzawo wosafunikira. Mwamwayi, lamulo limateteza kampani yogwirizana nayo pankhaniyi. Ngati kampani yogwirizanayo ilibe "chidziwitso chokwanira" ndi kampani yomwe ikufunidwa, kampani yogwirizana nayo ili ndi ufulu wokana kuvomereza ndikupempha kuti munthuyo achitepo kanthu mwachindunji.
Kuti achepetse zoopsazi, makampani ogwirizana ayenera kuchita kafukufuku wokwanira. Izi zikuphatikizapo kutsimikizira momwe kampaniyo ilili, kupempha zolemba za mgwirizano womwe ukuperekedwa, ndikupempha chitsimikizo cholembedwa mwachangu cha kuvomerezedwa kwa kampaniyo nthawi yomweyo kampaniyo italembetsedwa mwalamulo. Kuphatikiza apo, akatswiri azamalamulo nthawi zambiri amafanizira ndi Artikel 3:69 BW, yomwe imayang'anira kuvomerezedwa kwa zochita zosaloledwa. Dongosolo lofananali limalola kampani yogwirizana kukhazikitsa nthawi yomaliza yoyenera kuti kampani yatsopanoyo inene ngati ivomereza mgwirizano. Ngati kampaniyo ikhala chete patatha nthawi yomaliza, ufulu wovomereza utha, ndipo kampani yogwirizanayo ikhoza kufunafuna woyambitsayo mosatekeseka chifukwa choswa mgwirizano.
Zochitika Zazikulu Zamilandu Pamilandu
Malamulo aku Dutch akhala akulimbikitsa chitetezo cha malamulo omwe analipo kale asanakhazikitsidwe, ndikukhazikitsa njira zomveka bwino zotanthauzira zomwe akatswiri azamalamulo ayenera kuyang'anira mosamala.
Chizolowezi chodziwika bwino cha milandu ndi kutanthauzira kokhwima kwa njira zovomerezera. Malamulo a Khoti Lalikulu akutsimikizira kuti kuvomereza sikungakhale njira yobisika yamkati; kumafuna kulengeza kowonekera kapena kuchitapo kanthu komwe kumafikira otsutsana nawo. Makhothi amatsutsa kwambiri oyambitsa omwe amanena kuti kuvomerezedwa kopanda umboni chifukwa chakuti oyang'anira mkati mwa kampaniyo adatenga panganolo, m'malo mwake akuumirira kuti khalidwe lakunja, lotsimikizika kwa munthu wachitatu, lichitike.
Kuwunika kwa oweruza kuti "adziwe kuti ndi ndani" ndi gawo lina lomwe likukambidwa kwambiri. Makhothi ang'onoang'ono ndi makhothi a apilo amagwiritsa ntchito njira yonse, kuyang'ana kupitirira kusintha kwa mayina ang'onoang'ono kuti aone momwe bizinesi ya bungweli ilili. Ngati kampani yayikulu ikugwira ntchito yosiyana kwambiri ndi bizinesi kapena ikulamulidwa ndi eni masheya osiyana kwambiri ndi omwe adayimiridwa poyamba kwa oweruza, oweruza nthawi zonse amaletsa kuvomerezedwa, ndikusunga udindo wa woyambitsayo.
Kugwiritsa ntchito lamulo la Beklamel-norm pa gawo la BV io nakonso ndi nkhani yomwe imabuka kawirikawiri. Makhothi amagwiritsa ntchito kwambiri lingaliro la chidziwitso pamene bankirapuse ikuchitika mkati mwa chaka chimodzi kuchokera pamene kampaniyo idakhazikitsidwa. Kuteteza izi kumafuna kuti woyambitsayo apange ziwonetsero zambiri zachuma ndi mapulani abizinesi olondola omwe akuwonetsa kuti kampaniyo inali yogwira ntchito panthawi yeniyeni yovomerezeka, komanso kuti kusakwanitsa kubweza ndalama pambuyo pake kudachitika chifukwa cha zochitika zosayembekezereka, zomwe zidalowa m'malo mwake.
Pomaliza, malamulo okhudza kusiyana kwa kulembetsa ndi osakhululuka. Makhothi nthawi zonse amaona owongolera kukhala ndi mlandu motsatira malamulo okhwima a Trade Register Act pamene zochita zachitika musanalembetsedwe moyenera, ngakhale ngati wowongolerayo adadalira notary kapena wothandizira woyang'anira kuti apereke mapepalawo. Kuphatikiza apo, kupereka chidziwitso chabodza dala ku register yamalonda panthawiyi kungapangitse kuti mlanduwo upitirire kupitirira malamulo amakampani, zomwe zimapangitsa wowongolerayo kukhala ndi mlandu payekha motsatira chiphunzitso cha tort (onrechtmatige daad, Artikel 6:162 BW) ndi kasamalidwe kosayenera (onbehoorlijk bestuur, Artikel 2:9 BW).
Malangizo Othandiza
Kusintha kuchoka pa lingaliro losaphatikizidwa kupita ku kampani yolembetsedwa mokwanira kumafuna kulangizidwa mwamphamvu kwa zamalamulo. Amalonda ndi alangizi awo ayenera kugwiritsa ntchito njira zokhwima zogwirira ntchito panthawi ya BV mu gawo la oprichting kuti achepetse kukhudzidwa ndi udindo waumwini.
Choyamba, munthu sayenera kuchitapo kanthu m'malo mwa kampani yomwe akufuna popanda kulemba momveka bwino udindo wake. Siginecha iliyonse ya imelo, mgwirizano weniweni, oda yogulira, ndi invoice ziyenera kukhala ndi dzina la kampani yomwe akufuna kutsatiridwa ndi "BV io". Chizindikiro chopitilira ichi ndiye maziko a njira yotetezera malamulo. Kuphatikiza apo, polemba mapangano asanayambe kulembetsa, loya wa zamalamulo nthawi zonse ayenera kuyika gawo lodzipereka lovomerezeka. Gawoli liyenera kufotokoza momveka bwino nthawi ndi njira yomwe kampani yamtsogolo idzatengere maudindo, kupereka kumveka bwino kwa woyambitsa komanso mnzake.
Kuthamanga ndi njira yofunika kwambiri yochepetsera zoopsa. Oyambitsa ayenera kumaliza kulembetsa ndikuyambitsa kulembetsa kwa rejista yamalonda mwachangu momwe angathere, makamaka pogwiritsa ntchito njira yamagetsi yolembera notarial deed kuti achepetse nthawi yolipira. Akalembetsa, bungwe lowongolera liyenera kupereka zitsimikizo zolembedwa zovomerezeka kwa onse omwe asanakhale nawo, m'malo modalira chiphunzitso chosakhazikika cha kuvomereza kopanda tanthauzo kudzera mu machitidwe.
Ngati woyambitsa akufuna kukambirana za kuchotsedwa kwa udindo wa munthu payekha pa mgwirizano, kulemba kuyenera kukhala kolondola kwambiri. Mgwirizanowu uyenera kugwiritsa ntchito mawu omveka bwino omwe amatanthauza mwachindunji udindo wogwirizana ndi maudindo angapo, zomwe zikusonyeza kuti mnzakeyo wasiya ufulu umenewu. Pomaliza, asanavomereze malamulo aliwonse oyambitsa, bungwe latsopanoli liyenera kuwunika bwino momwe kampaniyo ilili ndi ndalama. Kuvomereza mapangano omwe kampaniyo singakwaniritse ndi kuphwanya lamulo la Beklamel, kuchotsa chophimba cha kampani ndikuyika owongolera pangozi yayikulu yazachuma.
Kutsiliza
Ndondomeko yalamulo yolamulira BV mu kapangidwe kake ndi njira yolinganizidwa bwino yopangidwira kuti ithandize kukula kwa malonda pomwe ikuteteza mwamphamvu zofuna za omwe ali ndi ngongole zachitatu. Ndondomeko yalamulo imaonetsetsa kuti makampani ena sasiyidwa opanda njira, zomwe zimaika chiopsezo cha kulephera kulembetsa kapena kusintha kwachinyengo pamapewa a omwe ayambitsa. Komabe, pomvetsetsa njira zovomerezeka zovomerezeka, kulemekeza malire a kudziwika kokwanira kwa kampani, komanso kuchita mosamala ntchito zolembetsa pambuyo pa kulembetsa, amalonda amatha kuyenda bwino mu gawo losinthali. Ndi kukonzekera bwino komanso zolemba zolondola, nthawi yolembetsa isanafike si ngozi yalamulo yosagonjetseka, koma ndi sitepe yotheka pakukulitsa bizinesi yaukadaulo.
Ngati mukukonzekera kuyambitsa bizinesi, mukufuna thandizo polemba mapangano otetezeka asanayambe kulembetsa, kapena mukukumana ndi mafunso okhudza udindo wokhudzana ndi kampani yomwe ikupanga, akatswiri azamalamulo a kampani ku Law & More muli okonzeka kukuthandizani. Lumikizanani ndi maofesi athu ku Eindhoven or Amsterdam lero kuti mupeze upangiri wa akatswiri pankhani zamalamulo.
Mafunso Omwe Amafunsidwa Kawirikawiri Okhudza BV mu Kupanga
Kodi BV mu kapangidwe kake kwenikweni ndi chiyani?
Kampani ya BV mu oprichting (BV io) ndi kampani yomwe ili mkati mwa bungwe lomwe silili ndi umunthu wovomerezeka. Ilipo mu gawo losintha pakati pa chisankho chodziwikiratu cha oyambitsa bizinesiyo ndi kukhazikitsidwa mwalamulo kwa chikalata cha notarial. Chifukwa si bungwe lovomerezeka, zochita zilizonse zalamulo zomwe zimachitika panthawiyi zimachitika m'malo mwa kampani yomwe ikufunidwa, ndipo machitidwe awa ali ndi zoopsa zapadera za munthu wochita izi mpaka kampaniyo italembetsedwa mwalamulo ndikutenga mapanganowo.
Kodi ndingayambitse bwanji BV mu maphunziro?
Poyambira kwenikweni ndi chisankho chowonekera cha oyambitsa kuti akhazikitse kampani yachinsinsi, kutsatiridwa nthawi yomweyo ndi kulembedwa ntchito ndi notary wa malamulo aboma kuti alembe zolemba za mgwirizano. Kuyambira nthawi yoyamba imeneyo, ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti oyambitsa azigwiritsa ntchito nthawi zonse mawu akuti "io" mu mauthenga ndi mapangano onse akunja. Chizindikiro chomveka bwino ichi chimadziwitsa anthu onse achitatu kuti akuchita mgwirizano ndi bungwe lomwe silinalipo mwalamulo, ndikukhazikitsa njira yoyenera yovomerezeka mtsogolo.
Kodi ndingathe kale kupanga mapangano m'malo mwa BV io?
Inde, malamulo aku Dutch amalola anthu kuti alowe nawo m'mapangano m'malo mwa kampani kuti athandize kukonzekera bizinesi. Komabe, kuchita izi kumayambitsa mlandu wogwirizana komanso zingapo zaumwini kwa munthu wochita izi. Udindo umenewu umatha pokhapokha kampaniyo italembetsedwa mwalamulo ndikuvomereza mwalamulo mapangano asanayambe kulembedwa, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti munthu wochita izi ali ndi chiopsezo chonse panthawi yanthawi yochepa.
Kodi chimachitika ndi chiyani ngati BV sinaphatikizidwe?
Ngati kampani yomwe ikufuna kuyikamo kampaniyo sidzachitika, kampaniyo sidzakhalapo kuti ivomereze mapangano omwe adachitika kale. Chifukwa chake, udindo wonse wogwirizana ndi wina aliyense umakhalabe wolumikizidwa kwamuyaya ndi munthu amene adayika mapanganowo. Mnzakeyo sangatsate kampani yomwe siilipo ndipo amangoyang'ana chuma cha munthuyo kuti agwire bwino ntchito kapena kuti alandire malipiro a ndalama.
Kodi kuvomereza kumagwira ntchito bwanji, ndipo kuyenera kukhala kolembedwa?
Kutsimikizira ndi njira yalamulo yomwe kampani yatsopanoyo imalandira ufulu ndi maudindo a pangano lisanayambe kukhazikitsidwa. Ngakhale kutsimikizira kungatanthauzidwe kudzera mu machitidwe a kampaniyo, monga kukwaniritsa zomwe zalembedwa mu panganolo, milandu imafuna kuti kutsimikizirako kuyenera kufikira m'modzi mwa ogwirizana nawo. Pazifukwa zofunika kwambiri zotsimikizira komanso kuthetsa kusamveka bwino kwalamulo, kupereka chitsimikizo chovomerezeka, cholembedwa cha kutsimikizira komveka bwino nthawi yomweyo pambuyo pokhazikitsidwa ndikofunikira kwambiri.
Kodi ine ndekha ndili ndi mlandu ngati BV yalephera kukwaniritsa zomwe ikuyenera kuchita pambuyo poti yakhazikitsidwa?
Kawirikawiri, kuvomereza kovomerezeka kumasamutsa udindo ku kampaniyo, koma lamulo la Beklamel-norm limapereka kusiyana kwakukulu. Pansi pa lamuloli, munthu wochita izi amakhalabe ndi udindo payekha ngati akudziwa, kapena ayenera kuti ankadziwa panthawi yovomereza, kuti kampani yatsopanoyo singathe kukwaniritsa udindo wake wazachuma. Ngati kampaniyo yalephera kugwira ntchito mkati mwa chaka chimodzi kuchokera pamene kampaniyo idakhazikitsidwa, lamulolo limangoganiza kuti woyambitsayo anali ndi chidziwitso choipachi.
Kodi ndingathe kuchotsa udindo wanga mwa mgwirizano?
Inde, lamulo limalola anthu omwe agwira ntchito kuti asatenge udindo wa munthu wochita bizinesiyo, bola ngati izi zavomerezedwa momveka bwino komanso mosapita m'mbali mu mgwirizano. Komabe, pali malire okhwima pa ufuluwu. Gawo loletsa bizinesiyo limateteza kokha ku udindo wokhazikika; silingateteze munthu ku udindo motsatira malamulo a Beklamel ngati avomereza dala mgwirizano m'malo mwa kampani yomwe ikufuna kulephera kulipira ndalama.
Kodi ndiyenera kulembetsa BV mwachangu bwanji mu kaundula wamalonda?
Kulembetsa mu kaundula wamalonda waku Netherlands kuyenera kuchitika nthawi yomweyo notary wa malamulo a boma atamaliza kulemba chikalata cholembetsa. Mpaka kulembetsaku kumalizidwe kwathunthu ndipo chikalatacho chikasungidwa, owongolera akukumana ndi dongosolo lokhwima, losiyana la milandu yogwirizana komanso yambiri pazochitika zilizonse zalamulo zomwe zachitika panthawiyi. Pofuna kuchepetsa chiopsezo chachikuluchi, owongolera ayenera kuonetsetsa kuti kulembetsa kwatha mkati mwa masiku, osati milungu ingapo, ndipo makamaka kuyimitsa zochitika zazikulu mpaka kaundulayo asinthidwe.
Kodi ndiyenera kunena chiyani pa mapangano ndi ma invoice ndikamachita zinthu m'malo mwa BV io?
Muyenera nthawi zonse kunena momveka bwino dzina lonse la kampani lomwe mukufuna kutchula nthawi yomweyo kenako ndi mawu oti “in oprichting” kapena chidule cha “io”. Mawu omveka bwino awa ndi ofunikira mwalamulo chifukwa amatsimikizira kuti mnzanuyo akudziwa bwino za kusintha kwa zinthu ndipo amatsimikizira kuti mukuchita zinthu monga woimira osati monga munthu, zomwe ndizofunikira kuti njira yotsatira yotsimikizira izi igwire ntchito bwino.
Kodi BV yosiyana ndi yomwe idakonzedweratu poyamba ingavomereze mgwirizanowu?
Kuvomerezedwa ndi kampani yosiyana kwambiri kumayendetsedwa ndi chiphunzitso chokhwima cha "kudziwika kokwanira" (voldoende identiteit). Makhothi amafuna kuti kampani yovomerezekayo igwirizane kwambiri ndi kampani yomwe ikufunidwa malinga ndi dzina lake lolembetsedwa, cholinga cha kampani, kapangidwe ka eni masheya, ndi kapangidwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kampani. Ngati bungwe lomaliza lasiyana kwambiri ndi zomwe zidaperekedwa poyamba, kuvomerezedwako sikuli kovomerezeka, ndipo munthu wochitapo kanthuyo amakhala ndi udindo wonse payekha.
