Pambuyo pa maphukusi asanu ndi awiri a chilango omwe adayambitsidwa ndi boma motsutsana ndi Russia, phukusi lachisanu ndi chitatu la chilango tsopano layambitsidwanso pa 6 October 2022. Zilango izi zimabwera pamwamba pa zomwe zinaperekedwa motsutsana ndi Russia mu 2014 chifukwa chogonjetsa Crimea ndikulephera kukwaniritsa mgwirizano wa Minsk. Miyezoyi imayang'ana kwambiri zilango zachuma komanso njira zamadiplomatiki. Zilango zatsopanozi cholinga chake ndi kuzindikira madera omwe si a boma a Donetsk ndi Luhansk oblasts ku Ukraine ndi kutumiza asilikali a Russia kumadera amenewo. Mu blog iyi, mutha kuwerenga zomwe zilango zawonjezedwa komanso zomwe zikutanthauza ku Russia ndi EU.
Zilango zam'mbuyomu ndi gawo
Mndandanda wa zilango
EU yakhazikitsa ziletso kwa anthu ena, makampani ndi mabungwe. Mndandanda[1] Zoletsa zakulitsidwa kangapo kotero ndikofunikira kuti mufufuze musanachite bizinesi ndi bungwe la Russia.
Zakudya (zaulimi)
Kutsogolo kwazakudya zaulimi, pali kuletsa kwazakudya zam'nyanja ndi mizimu yochokera ku Russia komanso kuletsa kutumiza kunja kwazinthu zosiyanasiyana zokongoletsa. Izi zikuphatikizapo mababu, tubers, roses, rhododendrons ndi azaleas.
Chitetezo
Pali kuletsa kulowetsa ndi kutumiza kunja kwa zida ndi zinthu zofananira zomwe zimapereka chithandizo ndi chithandizo. Kuphatikiza apo, pali kuletsa kugulitsa, kupereka, kusamutsa ndi kutumiza kunja kwa mfuti wamba, zida zawo zofunika ndi zida, magalimoto ankhondo ndi zida, zida zankhondo, ndi zida zosinthira. Imaletsanso kuperekedwa kwa zinthu zina, matekinoloje, chithandizo chaukadaulo ndi malonda okhudzana ndi zinthu zomwe zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito 'pawiri'. Kugwiritsa ntchito kawiri kumatanthauza kuti katundu akhoza kutumizidwa kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito bwino komanso kuti agwiritse ntchito pankhondo.
Gawo lamphamvu
Gawo lamagetsi limaphatikizapo ntchito zofufuza, kupanga, kugawa mkati mwa Russia kapena kuchotsa mafuta, gasi wachilengedwe kapena mafuta olimba. Komanso kupanga kapena kugawa ku Russia kapena zinthu zochokera kumafuta olimba, mafuta oyeretsedwa kapena gasi. Komanso kumanga e kumanga malo kapena kukhazikitsa zida, kapena kupereka ntchito, zida kapena ukadaulo wokhudzana ndi, kupanga magetsi kapena kupanga magetsi.
Kupanga ndalama zatsopano mu gawo lonse la mphamvu zaku Russia ndikoletsedwa. Kuphatikiza apo, pali zoletsa zotumiza kunja pazida, ukadaulo ndi ntchito kudera lonse lamagetsi. Palinso zoletsa zotumiza kunja kwa zida zina, ukadaulo ndi ntchito zaukadaulo woyenga mafuta, kufufuza ndi kupanga mafuta m'madzi akuya, kufufuza ndi kupanga mafuta ku Arctic, komanso ntchito zamafuta a shale ku Russia. Potsirizira pake, padzakhala kuletsa kugula, kuitanitsa ndi kutumiza mafuta osakanizidwa ndi mafuta oyeretsedwa kuchokera ku Russia.
Gawo lazachuma
Ndizoletsedwa kupereka ngongole, zowerengera, upangiri wamisonkho, upangiri ndi zinthu zogulira ndalama ku boma la Russia, Banki Yaikulu ndi anthu / mabungwe ogwirizana nawo. Komanso, palibe ntchito zomwe zingaperekedwe ndi makampani odalirika ku gululi. Kuphatikiza apo, saloledwanso kugulitsa zitetezo ndipo mabanki angapo achotsedwa ku dongosolo lamalipiro lapadziko lonse la SWIFT.
Makampani ndi zopangira
Chiletso chochokera kunja chikukhudza simenti, feteleza, mafuta oyambira pansi, mafuta a ndege ndi malasha. Makampani akuluakulu m'makina amayenera kutsatira zilango zowonjezera. Komanso, makina ena saloledwa kutumizidwa ku Russia.
Transport
Zigawo za ndege ndi kukonza, ntchito zokhudzana ndi zachuma ndi zinthu zina zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito poyendetsa ndege. Ndege za EU zatsekedwanso ku ndege zaku Russia. Zilango ziliponso motsutsana ndi makampani akuluakulu oyendetsa ndege. Kuonjezera apo, pali kuletsedwa kwa magalimoto apamsewu kwa makampani oyendetsa galimoto aku Russia ndi Belarus. Pali zopatula zina, kuphatikiza zachipatala, zaulimi ndi zakudya, komanso zothandizira anthu. Kuphatikiza apo, zombo zokhala ndi mbendera yaku Russia siziloledwa kulowa madoko a EU. Palinso zilango zotsutsana ndi makampani akuluakulu omwe ali m'gawo lopanga zombo zaku Russia.
Media
Makampani angapo saloledwanso kuwulutsa mu EU kuti athane ndi mabodza ndi nkhani zabodza.
Ntchito zamabizinesi
Kupereka ntchito zamabizinesi sikuloledwa zikakhudza ma accounting, ntchito zowerengera ndalama, upangiri wamisonkho, ubale wapagulu, upangiri, mautumiki amtambo ndi upangiri wowongolera.
Art, chikhalidwe ndi zinthu zapamwamba
Pankhani ya gawoli, katundu wa anthu omwe ali pamndandanda wa zilango adayimitsidwa. Kugulitsa ndi kutumiza kunja kwa zinthu zapamwamba kwa anthu, makampani ndi mabungwe ku Russia kapena kugwiritsidwa ntchito ku Russia ndizoletsedwa.
Njira zatsopano kuyambira 6 Okutobala 2022
Katundu watsopano waikidwa pamndandanda wolowetsa ndi kutumiza kunja. Chipewa chayikidwanso pamayendedwe apanyanja amafuta aku Russia kumayiko achitatu. Ziletso zina pazamalonda ndi ntchito za ku Russia zaikidwanso.
Kuwonjezedwa kwa kuletsa kulowa ndi kutumiza kunja
Zidzakhala zoletsedwa kuitanitsa zinthu zachitsulo, matabwa, mapepala, mapulasitiki, zinthu zamakampani opanga miyala yamtengo wapatali, zodzoladzola ndi ndudu. Katunduyu adzawonjezedwa pamndandanda womwe ulipo ngati zowonjezera. Kunyamula katundu wowonjezera wogwiritsidwa ntchito m'gawo la ndege kudzakhalanso koletsedwa. Kuphatikiza apo, chiletso chotumizira kunja chawonjezedwa pazinthu zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito pawiri. Izi cholinga chake ndikuchepetsa kulimbitsa kwa asitikali aku Russia komanso ukadaulo komanso chitukuko cha chitetezo ndi chitetezo. Mndandandawu tsopano uli ndi zigawo zina zamagetsi, mankhwala owonjezera ndi katundu omwe angagwiritsidwe ntchito pa chilango chachikulu, kuzunzidwa kapena nkhanza zina, zopanda umunthu kapena zonyansa.
Russian Maritime Transport
Kaundula wa Kutumiza kwa Russia adzaletsedwanso kuchitapo kanthu. Zilango zatsopanozi zimaletsa malonda a panyanja kupita kumayiko achitatu amafuta osapsa (kuyambira Disembala 2022) ndi zinthu zamafuta (kuyambira pa February 2023) zochokera ku Russia. Thandizo laukadaulo, ndalama zothandizira ma broker ndi thandizo lazachuma sizingaperekedwe. Komabe, mayendedwe ndi ntchito zotere zitha kuperekedwa ngati mafuta kapena mafuta amafuta agulidwa pamtengo kapena pansi pa denga lamtengo wokonzedweratu. Chilangochi sichinachitikebe, koma maziko alamulo ali kale. Zidzagwira ntchito pokhapokha mtengo wamtengo wapatali ukhazikitsidwa pa mlingo wa ku Ulaya.
Uphungu wazamalamulo
Tsopano ndizoletsedwa kupereka upangiri walamulo ku Russia. Komabe, kuyimira, upangiri wokonzekera zikalata kapena kutsimikizira zikalata pazoyimira milandu sizimagwera pansi pa malangizo azamalamulo. Izi zikutsatira kufotokozera za upangiri wamalamulo wa phukusi latsopano la zilango. Milandu kapena milandu pamaso pa mabungwe oyang'anira, makhothi kapena makhothi ena ovomerezeka, kapena m'nkhani zotsutsana kapena zoyimbirana nawo sizimaganiziridwanso ngati upangiri wamalamulo. Pa 6 Okutobala 2022, bungwe la Dutch Bar Association lidawonetsa kuti likuganizirabe zotsatira za ntchito yazamalamulo pakulowa m'chilangochi. Pakadali pano, ndikulangizidwa kuti mufunsane ndi Dean wa Dutch Bar Association mukafuna kuthandiza/kulangiza kasitomala waku Russia.
Zosungidwaakatswiri ndi mainjiniya
Ntchito zamamangidwe ndi uinjiniya zikuphatikiza ntchito zamatawuni ndi zomangamanga komanso ntchito zamaukadaulo zokhudzana ndi sayansi ndiukadaulo. Zimaletsedwa ndi kuletsa kupereka ntchito zomanga ndi zomangamanga komanso maulalo a IT ndi upangiri wamalamulo. Komabe, kupereka chithandizo chaukadaulo kudzaloledwabe zokhudzana ndi katundu wotumizidwa ku Russia. Kugulitsa, kupereka, kusamutsa kapena kutumiza kunja kwa zinthuzo siziyenera kuletsedwa pansi pa lamuloli pamene thandizo laukadaulo laperekedwa.
Ntchito zothandizira ma IT
Izi zikuphatikiza kukhazikitsa zida zamakompyuta. Ganiziraninso za thandizo pa madandaulo pakukhazikitsa zida ndi ma network, "maupangiri aukadaulo a IT" amaphatikizanso mautumiki okhudzana ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwa zida zamakompyuta, ntchito zoyendetsera mapulogalamu. Mwambiri, kumaphatikizanso kupanga ndi kukhazikitsa mapulogalamu. Ndizoletsedwanso kupereka chikwama, akaunti ndi ntchito zosungira katundu wa crypto assets kwa anthu aku Russia kapena anthu okhala ku Russia, mosasamala kanthu za mtengo wamtengo wapatali wa crypto assets.
Zilango zina
Njira zina zomwe zakhazikitsidwa ndi kuthekera koyika anthu ndi mabungwe omwe amathandizira kupewa zilango pamndandanda wa zilango. Kuphatikiza apo, pali chiletso kwa nzika za EU zomwe zimakhala m'mabodi a oyang'anira makampani ena aboma aku Russia. Anthu angapo ndi mabungwe adayikidwanso pamndandanda wazolangidwa. Izi zikuphatikiza oimira gulu lachitetezo ku Russia, anthu odziwika omwe amafalitsa nkhani zabodza zankhondo komanso omwe akuchita nawo ma referendum osaloledwa.
Bungweli lidaganizanso zokulitsa kukula kwa zilango za 23 February, kuphatikiza makamaka kuletsa kutulutsa katundu kuchokera kumadera omwe si a boma la Donetsk ndi Luhansk, kupita kumadera osalamulirika a Zaporizhzhya ndi Kherson oblasts. Njira zotsutsana ndi omwe ali ndi udindo wowononga kapena kuwopseza kukhulupirika kwa dziko la Ukraine, ulamuliro ndi ufulu wawo ndizovomerezeka mpaka 15 Marichi 2023.
Lumikizanani
Nthawi zina, pali kuchotserapo pazilango zomwe zili pamwambazi. Kodi mungakonde kudziwa zambiri za izi? Ndiye khalani omasuka kulumikizana ndi Tom Meevis wathu, pa tom.meevis@lawandmore.nl kapena Maxim Hodak, pa maxim.hodak@lawandmore.nl kapena tiyimbireni pa +31 (0)40-3690680.
[1] https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A02014R0269-20220721
