Zowawa zapakhosi zotchedwa "kutsatira"
Introduction
Pakukhazikitsidwa kwa Dutch Anti-Money Laundering and Anti-Terrorist Financing Act (Wwft) ndikusintha komwe kwachitika kale ku lamuloli kudabwera nthawi yoyang'anira. Monga momwe dzinalo likusonyezera, Wwft idayambitsidwa poyesa kuthana ndi ndalama mwachinyengo komanso zandalama. Osangokhala mabungwe azachuma monga mabanki, makampani azachuma komanso makampani a inshuwaransi, komanso maloya, notaries, owerengera ndalama ndi ntchito zina zambiri ayenera kuwonetsetsa kuti amatsatira malamulowa. Njirayi, kuphatikiza njira zomwe akuyenera kutsatira kuti atsatire malamulowa, akufotokozedwa ndi mawu akuti 'kutsatira'. Ngati malamulo a Wwft aphwanyidwa, chindapusa chambiri chitha kutsatira. Poyamba, ulamuliro wa Wwft ukuwoneka ngati wololera, sichinali chifukwa chakuti Wwft yakula kukhala ululu weniweni wamakhosi, yolimbana ndi uchigawenga komanso owononga ndalama: kuwongolera koyenera kwamabizinesi anu.
Kufufuza kwa makasitomala
Pofuna kutsatira Wwft, mabungwe omwe atchulidwawa ayenera kuchita kafukufuku wa kasitomala. Zochita zilizonse (zodziwika) zilizonse zimayenera kufotokozedwa ku Dutch Financial Intelligence Unit. Ngati zotsatira za kafukufuku sizikupereka tsatanetsatane kapena kuzindikira ngati kafukufukuyo angaloze zinthu zomwe ndizosaloledwa kapena zomwe zili pachiwopsezo chachikulu cha Wwft, bungweli liyenera kukana ntchito zake. Kufufuza kwa kasitomala komwe kuyenera kuchitidwa ndikofunikanso ndipo munthu aliyense amene angawerenge Wwft adzatengeka ndi ziganizo zazitali, ziganizo zovuta komanso maumboni ovuta. Ndipo ili ndi Lamulo lokha. Kuphatikiza apo, oyang'anira ambiri a Wwft adatulutsa zovuta zawo za Wwft-manual. Pamapeto pake, osati kokha kasitomala aliyense, kukhala munthu wachilengedwe kapena walamulo yemwe amakhala ndi bizinesi naye kapena amene akuyenera kuchititsa malonda, komanso kudziwika kwa eni ake opindulitsa ( UBO), anthu omwe angakhalepo pa ndale (PEPs) ndi oimira kasitomala akuyenera kukhazikitsidwa ndikuwatsimikizira pambuyo pake. Kutanthauzira kwalamulo kwa mawu oti "UBO" ndi "PEP" ndikofotokozedweratu, koma tsatirani izi. Popeza UBO idzayeneretsa munthu aliyense wachilengedwe yemwe amakhala ndi 25% ya (share) chiwongola dzanja cha kampani, osati kampani yomwe ili pamsika wamsika. PEP, mwachidule, ndi munthu amene amagwira ntchito yotchuka pagulu. Kukula kwenikweni kwa kafukufuku wa kasitomala kudzadalira pakuwunika koopsa kwa bungwe. Kufufuzaku kumabwera ndi mitundu itatu: kafukufuku wamba, kafukufuku wosavuta komanso kafukufuku wowonjezeka. Pofuna kukhazikitsa ndi kutsimikizira kuti ndi anthu onse omwe atchulidwa pamwambapa, zikalata zingapo ndi zomwe zingafunike, kutengera mtundu wa kafukufuku. Kuyang'ana pazotheka zomwe zingafunike kumabweretsa kuwerengera kosakwanira: ma pasipoti (ophatikizidwa) kapena makadi ena azidziwitso, zochokera ku Chamber of Commerce, zolemba zamabungwe, zolembetsa za omwe akugawana nawo ndikuwunikira momwe mabungwe amapangira. Pakufufuzidwa kwakukulu, pangafunikitsidwe zikalata zochulukirapo monga mapepala amagetsi, mapangano antchito, malipilo ndi malipoti aku banki. Zomwe tazitchulazi zapangitsa kuti anthu asamaganizire kwambiri za kasitomala komanso kuti athandizidwe, mavuto azachuma, kuchuluka kwa ndalama, kutaya nthawi, kufunikira kolemba anthu owonjezera chifukwa chakuchepa kwa nthawi, udindo wophunzitsa anthu pa malamulo a Wwft, makasitomala omwe adakwiyitsa, komanso koposa zonse kuwopa zolakwitsa, monga, pomaliza, Wwft idasankha kukhala ndiudindo waukulu wowunika momwe zinthu ziliri ndi makampani omwewo pogwiritsa ntchito miyezo yotseguka .
Kubwezera: poganiza
Kusamvera kumabweretsa zotsatirapo zingapo. Choyamba, bungwe likamalephera kupereka lipoti la zochitika zosazolowereka (zomwe zimafunidwa), bungweli limakhala ndi mlandu wachuma malinga ndi lamulo lachi Dutch. Zikafika pakufufuza kwa kasitomala, pali zofunika zina. Bungweli liyenera kukhala loyambirira kuchita kafukufukuyu. Chachiwiri, ogwira ntchito kubungweli akuyenera kuzindikira zochitika zachilendo. Ngati bungwe lilephera kutsatira malamulo a Wwft, m'modzi mwa oyang'anira omwe asankhidwa ndi Wwft atha kupatsidwa chindapusa. Akuluakuluwo atha kulipiritsa chindapusa, nthawi zambiri chimasiyana pakati pa € 10.000 ndi € 4.000.000, kutengera mtundu wa cholakwa. Komabe, Wwft si ntchito yokhayo yomwe imapereka chindapusa ndi zilango, chifukwa Sanctions Act ('Sanctiewet') mwina singaiwale. Sanctions Act idakhazikitsidwa kuti ikwaniritse zisankho zapadziko lonse lapansi. Cholinga cha ziletso ndikuwongolera zomwe mayiko, mabungwe ndi anthu ena akuchita monga kuphwanya malamulo apadziko lonse lapansi kapena ufulu wa anthu. Monga ziletso, munthu amatha kulingalira ziletso zankhondo, ziletso zachuma ndi zoletsa kuyenda kwa anthu ena. Mpaka pano, mindandanda yazovomerezeka idapangidwa pomwe anthu kapena mabungwe amawonetsedwa omwe (mwina) olumikizidwa ndi uchigawenga. Pansi pa Sanctions Act, mabungwe azachuma akuyenera kutenga njira zowongolera ndikuwongolera kuti awonetsetse kuti akutsatira malamulowo, zikapanda kutero, amakhala kuti walakwitsa chuma. Komanso pankhaniyi, chindapusa chokhwima kapena chindapusa chimatha kuperekedwa.
Chiphunzitso kukhala chenicheni?
Malipoti apadziko lonse lapansi awonetsa kuti Netherlands ikuchita bwino kuthana ndi uchigawenga komanso kuwononga ndalama. Ndiye, kodi izi zikutanthauzanji potengera zilango zomwe zingakhazikitsidwe ngati ena samvera? Mpaka pano, maloya ambiri adakwanitsa kuwonekera bwino ndipo zilango zinali zopangidwa ngati machenjezo kapena kuyimitsidwa (kovomerezeka). Izi zakhala zikuchitikiranso kwa owerengera ambiri komanso owerengera ndalama. Komabe, sikuti aliyense ali ndi mwayi mpaka pano. Kusalembetsa ndi kutsimikizira UBO kwapangitsa kuti kampani imodzi ilandire chindapusa cha € 1,500. Wothandizira misonkho adalandira chindapusa cha € 20,000, pomwe ndalama za € 10,000 zinali ndi zofunikira, kuti asanene kanthu zachilendo. Zachitika kale kuti loya ndi notary adachotsedwa muofesi yawo. Komabe, zilango zolemetsa izi zimachitika makamaka chifukwa chophwanya mwadala Wwft. Komabe, chindapusa chaching'ono, chenjezo kapena kuyimitsidwa sizitanthauza kuti chilolezo sichimvekedwa ngati chachikulu. Kupatula apo, zilango zitha kupangidwa pagulu, ndikupanga chikhalidwe cha "kutchula mayina ndi kuchititsa manyazi", zomwe sizingakhale zabwino kubizinesi.
Kutsiliza
Wwft yatsimikizira kukhala malamulo ofunikira koma ovuta. Makamaka kafukufuku wa kasitomala amatenga zina, makamaka zomwe zimapangitsa chidwi chake kuchoka pa bizinesi yeniyeniyo - koposa zonse - kasitomala, kutaya nthawi ndi ndalama osati omaliza omwe amakhumudwitsa makasitomala. Mpaka pano, zilango zakhala zikuchepa, ngakhale kuthekera kwakuti chindapusa chikufika kwambiri. Kutchula ndi kuchititsa manyazi ndichinthu china chomwe chimatha kugwira nawo gawo lalikulu. Ngakhale zili choncho, zikuwoneka ngati Wwft ikukwaniritsa zolinga zake, ngakhale njira yotsatirayi ili ndi zopinga zambiri, mapiri azolemba, kuwopseza obwezera komanso kuwombera.
Pomaliza
Ngati mungakhale ndi mafunso ena kapena ndemanga mukatha kuwerenga nkhaniyi, omasuka kulumikizana ndi Mr. Maxim Hodak, woweruza milandu ku Law & More kudzera pa maxim.hodak@lawandmore.nl kapena Mr. Tom Meevis, loya wa ku Law & More kudzera tom.meevis@lawandmore.nl kapena tiimbireni pa + 31 (0) 40-3690680.
