Chikhalidwe cha Dutch: zoopsa komanso zotsatirapo zobweretsa zinthu zoletsedwa ku Netherlands
Poyendera dziko lachilendo pa ndege, n’zodziwika bwino kuti munthu amadutsa kasitomu pabwalo la ndege. Anthu omwe amabwera ku Netherlands amayenera kudutsa masitomu ngati Schiphol Airport kapena Eindhoven Airport. Nthawi zambiri zimachitika kuti matumba a okwera amakhala ndi zinthu zoletsedwa, zomwe zimalowa ku Netherlands mwadala kapena chifukwa cha umbuli kapena kusasamala. Mosasamala chifukwa chake, zotsatira za izi zitha kukhala zowopsa. Ku Netherlands, boma lapatsa kasitomu mphamvu zapadera zoperekera zilango zaupandu kapena utsogoleri. Mphamvu izi zayikidwa mu Algemene Douanewet (General Customs Act). Makamaka ndi zilango ziti zomwe zilipo ndipo zilangozo zitha kukhala zazikulu bwanji? Werengani apa!
The 'Algemene Douanetwet'
Lamulo la chigawenga cha Dutch limadziwa zonse zokhudza malo. Dutch Criminal Code ilinso ndi zomwe zimanena kuti Code ili limagwira ntchito kwa aliyense amene achita milandu ya Netherlands. Izi zikutanthauza kuti fuko kapena dziko lokhalamo munthu amene achita cholakwiracho sizoyenera kuchita. Algemene Douanewet ndiyokhazikitsanso zomwezo ndipo imagwiranso ntchito pamakhalidwe enaake omwe amapezeka mdera la Netherlands. Pomwe Algemene Douanewet sapereka malamulo achindunji, munthu akhoza kudalira zosowa zina mwa ena mwa Dutch Criminal Code ('Wetboek van Strafrecht') ndi General Administrative Law Act ('Algemene Wet Bestuursrecht' kapena 'Awb'). Ku Algemene Douanewet pamakhala kutsindika kwa ziwopsezo zaupandu. Kuphatikiza apo, pali zosiyana pamikhalidwe yomwe mitundu yosiyanasiyana ikhoza kuperekedwa.
Chilango choyang'anira
Chilango chowongolera chitha kuperekedwa: katundu akaperekedwa ku miyambo, pomwe wina sakutsatira malayisensi, pamene kulibe katundu pamalo osungiramo zinthu, pomwe malamulo oti akhazikitsidwe kakhomedwe ka zinthu zomwe zabweretsedwa ku EU siziri tidakumana ndipo pomwe katunduyo sanalandire nthawi yakumalo. Ndalama zoyendetsera zitha kutalika + - EUR 300, -, kapena nthawi zina kutalika kwa pafupifupi 100% ya kuchuluka kwa ntchito.
Chilango chaupandu
Ndiwowonjezereka kuti chilango chaupandu chingaperekedwe ngati katundu yemwe ali woletsedwa alowa ku Netherlands kudzera pa eyapoti. Chilango chaupandu mwachitsanzo chikhoza kuperekedwa ngati katundu ataloledwera ku Netherlands kuti malinga ndi lamulo sangathe kutumiza kapena atalengeza molakwika. Kupatula zitsanzo izi zaumbanda, Algemene Douanewet amafotokoza zamilandu zina zingapo. Ndalama zachifwamba nthawi zambiri zimatha kufika pamtunda wa EUR 8,200 kapena kutalika kwa ntchito zomwe zimatsitsidwa, ndalamazi zikakhala zapamwamba. Pakuchita mwadala, chindapusa chokwanira kwambiri pansi pa Algemene Douanewet chitha kufika kutalika kwa EUR 82,000 kapena kutalika kwa kuchuluka kwa ntchito zomwe zimatsitsidwa, kuchuluka kumeneku kumakhala kwakukulu. Nthawi zina, Algemene Douanewet amakhazikitsa ndende. Zikatero, machitidwe kapena zosiyidwa zitha kuwoneka ngati mlandu. Algemene Douanewet akapanda kukhazikitsa ndende koma chindapusa, zomwe akuchitazo kapena zosiyidwa zitha kuwoneka ngati cholakwa. Chilango chokwanira kwambiri chomwe chaphatikizidwa mu Algemene Douanewet ndichilango chazaka zisanu ndi chimodzi. Katundu woletsedwa akaloledwa kupita ku Netherlands, chilangocho chitha kukhala zaka zinayi. Ndalamazo pamenepa adzakhala ndi EUR 20,500.
Opaleshoni
- Njira zoyendetsera: kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe kosiyana ndi kachitidwe kaupandu. Kutengera ndi kuopsa kwa chochitikacho, kayendetsedwe kazoyang'anira kazitha kukhala kosavuta kapena kovuta. Pazochitika zomwe chindapusa chochepa cha EUR 340, - chitha kuperekedwa, njirayi imakhala yosavuta. Ngati cholakwa chizindikiridwa kuti chindapusa chingaperekedwe, izi zidziwitsidwa kwa amene akukhudzidwayo. Chidziwitso chili ndi zomwe zapezazo. Pakachitika zinthu zomwe ndalamazo zingakhale zapamwamba kuposa EUR 340, - njira zowonjezereka zikuyenera kutsatiridwa. Choyamba, munthu amene akukhudzidwayo ayenera kulandira chilolezo chokhudza kulipira msonkho. Izi zimamupatsa mwayi wokana chindapusa. Pambuyo pake zidzagamulidwa (mkati mwa masabata 13) ngati chindapusa chidzaperekedwa kapena ayi. Ku Netherlands munthu akhoza kutsutsa lingaliro la bungwe lotsogolera (loyesa) pasanathe milungu isanu ndi umodzi atapereka chigamulo. Chisankhochi chiwunikidwanso pakatha milungu isanu ndi umodzi. Pambuyo pake, ndizothekanso kutenga lingaliro kukhothi.
- Njira zachifwamba: Wopezeka kuti wapezeka wolakwa, lipoti lovomerezeka lipangidwe, pamaziko omwe lipoti lamalamulo lingaperekedwe. Lamulo lamilandu likaperekedwa lomwe lili ndi kuchuluka kuposa EUR 2,000, wosakayikira ayenera kuti amve kaye. Chikopi cha chilangocho chidzaperekedwa kwa wokayikirayo. Woyang'anira kapena wosankhidwa adzaona nthawi yomwe ndalamazo ziyenera kulipidwa. Pakatha masiku khumi ndi anayi atalandira kope la chilinganizo ndi wokayikirayo, chindapusa chitha kuchokeranso. Wokayikirayo akakhala kuti sanagwirizane ndi lamuloli, akhoza kukana khothi ku dipatimenti yotsutsa milandu yaku Dutch pasanathe milungu iwiri. Izi zichititsa kuti mlanduwu uyambidwenso, pambuyo pake lamulo lachiwopsezo litha kuchotsedwa, kusinthidwa kapena wina akhoza kuyitanidwa kukhothi. Khothi lidzasankha zomwe zimachitika. Milandu yowonjezereka, lipoti lovomerezeka monga latchulidwa m'ndime yoyamba ya ndime yapitayi liyenera kutumizidwa kaye kwa owazenga mlandu, omwe kenako atha kuzenga mlandu. Woyimira milandu waboma atha kusankha kuti abweretse mlanduwo kwa woyufuza. Lamulo la chilango likapanda kulipidwa, kuweruzidwa kwa ndende kumatha kutsata.
Msinkhu wa zilango
Malangizo pazachilango akuphatikizidwa mu Algemene Douanewet. Kutalika kwake kwa zilangozo kumatsimikiziridwa ndi woyesa kapena wosankhidwa kapena wotsutsa boma (womalizirayo pokhapokha ngati wachita chigawenga), adzaikidwa pansi pazoyenera (strafbeschikking) kapena chigamulo chokomera (beschikking ). Monga tafotokozera kale, munthu atha kukana chisankho pakuyang'anira ('bezwaar maken') ku bungwe loyang'anira kapena wina akhoza kukana lamulo loti aphedwe. Zitachitika izi, khothi lidzapereka chigamulo pa nkhaniyi.
Kodi zilangozi zimaperekedwa bwanji?
Lamulo la chilango kapena chigamulo chotsogolera nthawi zambiri zimatsata kanthawi pambuyo pazochitikazo, chifukwa zimatenga ntchito inayake yothandizira / kuyang'anira kuyika zonse zofunika papepala. Komabe, ndichinthu chodziwika pansi pa malamulo achi Dutch (makamaka malamulo achifwamba aku Dutch) kuti, pakhoza kukhala kotheka kupereka ndalama zamalamulo nthawi yomweyo. Chitsanzo chabwino ndikulipira kwachindunji kwa chindapusa chaupangiri wokhala ndi mankhwala pamadyerero achi Dutch. Izi, komabe, sizinavomerezedwe, chifukwa kulipira faindiyo kumakhala kuvomereza kuti ali wolakwa, ndikutheka kambiri monga mbiri yaupandu. Komabe, tikulimbikitsidwa kulipira kapena kukana chindapusa munthawi yomwe mwapatsidwa. Zikumbutso zingapo zikapanda kulipidwa, munthu amamuimbira foni kuti athandizire ngongoleyo. Izi zikakhala kuti sizikuthandiza, munthu akhoza kukhala m'ndende.
Lumikizanani
Ngati mungakhale ndi mafunso ena kapena ndemanga mukatha kuwerenga nkhaniyi, omasuka kulumikizana ndi Mr. Maxim Hodak, woweruza milandu ku Law & More kudzera pa maxim.hodak@lawandmore.nl kapena Mr. Tom Meevis, loya wa ku Law & More kudzera tom.meevis@lawandmore.nl kapena tiimbireni pa + 31 (0) 40-3690680.
