Umodzi mwamitu yomwe ikukambidwa kwambiri mu World Cup ya 2014. Robin van Persie yemwe amafanana ndi Spain motsutsana ndi mutu wokongola. Kuchita bwino kwake kunapangitsanso kutsatsa kwa Calvé ngati mawonekedwe ndi malonda. Otsatsawo amafotokoza nkhani ya a Robin van Persie azaka 5 omwe amalowa nawo ku Excelsior ndimadzi omwewo. Robin mwina adalipira bwino pamalonda, koma kodi kugwiritsidwanso ntchito kwaumwini kumatha kusinthidwa ndikusinthidwa popanda chilolezo cha Persie?
Tanthauzo
Kumanja kwa chithunzi ndi mbali yaumwini. Copyright Act imasiyanitsa magawo awiri a ufulu wachibadwidwe, chomwe ndi chithunzi chomwe chimapangidwa pazogwiritsidwa ntchito komanso chithunzi chomwe sichinapangidwe pazogawidwa. Pakati pazinthu zonsezi pali kusiyana kwakukulu pazotsatira zakusindikiza ndi ufulu wa omwe akukhudzidwa.
Timalankhula liti za chithunzi? Funso lisanayankhidwe kuti ufulu wamtunduwu ndi wotani komanso komwe ufuluwo umafikira, funso loti chithunzi choyambirira, liyenera kuyankhidwa kaye. Mafotokozedwe a lamuloli samapereka chidziwitso chokwanira komanso chomveka. Monga mafotokozedwe azithunzi amaperekedwa: 'chithunzi cha nkhope ya munthu, kapena wopanda ziwalo zina za thupi, momwe amapangidwira'.
Tikangoyang'ana pamafotokozedwe awa, titha kuganiza kuti chithunzi chimangophatikiza nkhope ya munthu. Komabe, sizili choncho. Momwemo, kuwonjezerako: 'mulimonse momwe amapangidwira' kukutanthauza kuti zilibe kanthu kuti chithunzicho chajambulidwa, kupentedwa kapena kupangidwa mwanjira ina iliyonse. Kanema wa kanema wawayilesi kapena caricature amathanso kugwera pazithunzi. Izi zikuwonekeratu, kuti kukula kwa mawu oti 'portrait' ndikosiyanasiyana. Chithunzichi chimaphatikizaponso kanema, fanizo kapena chithunzi. Milandu yambiri yakhala ikuchitika mokhudzana ndi nkhaniyi ndipo Khothi Lalikulu pamapeto pake lafotokoza mwatsatanetsatane, kutanthauza kuti, "chithunzi" chimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati munthu akuwonetsedwa mozindikirika. Kuzindikira kumeneku kumatha kupezeka pankhope pankhope, komanso kupezekanso kwina. Mwachitsanzo, taganizirani za kaimidwe kapadera kapena kaonekedwe ka tsitsi. Malo ozungulira amathanso kutenga nawo mbali. Munthu amene akuyenda kutsogolo kwa nyumbayo pomwe munthuyo amagwirako ntchito amadziwika bwino kuposa momwe amamuwonetsera pamalo omwe samapitako.
Ufulu wazamalamulo
Pakhoza kukhala kuphwanya ufulu wachithunzicho ngati munthu amene akujambulidwa akuzindikirika mu chithunzi ndipo adasindikizidwanso. Ziyenera kutsimikiziridwa ngati chithunzicho chidatumizidwa kapena ayi komanso ngati chinsinsi chimapambana ufulu wogwiritsa ntchito. Ngati munthu wapereka chithunzi, chithunzicho chingapangidwe pokhapokha ngati munthu amene akufunsidwayo walola. Ngakhale kuti ufulu wa ntchitoyo ndi wa wopanga chithunzicho, sangathe kuuuza pagulu popanda chilolezo. Mbali inayi ya ndalamayo ndi yoti munthu amene akuwonetsedwa samaloledwanso kuchita chilichonse ndi chithunzi. Zachidziwikire, munthu yemwe akuwonetsedwa amatha kugwiritsa ntchito chithunzichi pazinsinsi. Ngati munthu amene akuwonetsedwa akufuna kulengeza pachithunzicho, ayenera kukhala ndi chilolezo kuchokera kwa amene amamulenga. Kupatula apo, wopanga ali ndi ufulu.
Potengera Gawo 21 la Chilamulo Chopanga, wopanga ali ndi ufulu wofalitsa chithunzicho mwaulere. Komabe, izi sizolondola kwenikweni. Yemwe akuyang'aniridwa atha kuchita zotsutsana ndi zomwe zafalitsidwazo, ngati angafune kuchita zimenezo. Ufulu wachinsinsi nthawi zambiri umatchulidwa ngati chidwi chofunikira. Anthu odziwika bwino monga akatswiri azamasewera komanso ojambula, atha, kuwonjezera pa chidwi choyenera, amakhalanso ndi malonda oletsa kufalitsa. Kuphatikiza pa chidwi chamalonda, komabe, otchuka atha kukhala ndi chidwi china. Kupatula apo, pali mwayi woti awonongeke mbiri yake chifukwa chofalitsa. Popeza lingaliro loti "chiwongola dzanja chokwanira" ndi chodalira ndipo maphwando nthawi zambiri safuna kuvomerezana ndi chidwi, mutha kuwona kuti milandu yambiri ikuchitika pankhani iyi. Zili kwa khothi kuti lione ngati chidwi cha munthu yemwe wasonyezedwayo chikuposa chidwi cha wopanga ndi kufalitsa.
Zotsatirazi ndizofunikira pachithunzichi:
- chidwi chokwanira
- chidwi cha malonda
Ngati tiwona chitsanzo cha a Robin van Persie, zikuwonekeratu kuti ali ndi zonse zomveka komanso zamalonda chifukwa cha kutchuka kwake. Oweruza atsimikiza kuti chidwi ndi ndalama komanso zamalonda za osewera wapamwamba zitha kuwonedwa ngati chidwi chokwanira malinga ndi gawo la 21 la Copyright Act. Potengera nkhaniyi, kusindikiza ndi kusindikiza chithunzi sikuloledwa popanda chilolezo cha munthu amene akuonetsedwa pachithunzichi, ngati chidwi cha munthu ameneyo chatsutsidwa. Wothamanga wapamwamba amatha kulipira chindapusa kuti chilolezo chizogwiritsa ntchito chithunzi chake pazamalonda. Mwanjira imeneyi amathanso kutchukitsa kutchuka kwake, izi zitha kutenga mawonekedwe a mgwirizano, mwachitsanzo. Koma bwanji za mpira wa masewera amateur ngati simudziwika bwino? Pazochitika zina, ufulu wakufanizawu ukugwiranso ntchito kwa osewera apamwamba amateur. Mu Vanderlyde / kampani yofalitsa nkhani ya Spaarnestad wothamanga wamasewera amatsutsa kutsatsa kwake chithunzi chake m'magazini ya sabata. Chithunzicho chidapangidwa popanda komisheni yake ndipo anali asanapereke chilolezo kapena kulandira chindapusa chobwezeretsedwako. Khotilo lidaganiza kuti wothamanga amateur alinso ndi mwayi wopeza ndalama atatchuka ngati kutchuka kumene kumakhala ndi phindu pamsika.
Kuphwanya
Ngati zokonda zanu zikuwoneka kuti zikuphwanyidwa, mutha kufunsa zoletsa, koma ndizothekanso kuti chithunzi chanu chagwiritsidwa kale ntchito. Mukatero mutha kufunsa kuti mupweze. Kubwezera uku nthawi zambiri sikokwanira kwambiri koma kumadalira zinthu zingapo. Pali njira zinayi zomwe mungachitepo kanthu paphwanya ufulu wa chithunzi:
- Kalata yamuyilo ndi kulengeza kuti tisalole
- Kupemphedwa kwa milandu yachitukuko
- Kuletsa kufalitsa
- malipilo
Zilango
Nthawi yomwe zimawonekeratu kuti ufulu wa winawake waphwanyidwa, nthawi zambiri ndikofunikira kuletsa zofalitsa zina kukhothi mwachangu. Kutengera ndi momwe zinthu zilili, ndizotheka kuti zofalitsa zimachotsedwa kumsika wamalonda. Izi zimatchedwa kukumbukira. Njirayi nthawi zambiri imatsagana ndi kufunsa zakowonongeka. Kupatula apo, pochita zosemphana ndi chithunzi cha wojambula, yemwe akuwonetsedwa atha kuwonongeka. Malipirowo ndi okwera kutengera ndi zomwe zawonongeka, komanso pazithunzi komanso momwe akuwonetsedwera. Palinso chindapusa pansi pa Article 35 ya Copyright Act. Ngati chiwonetserocho aphwanyidwa, wolakwayo ali ndi mlandu wolakwira ndipo amulipiritsa.
Ngati ufulu wanu waphwanyidwa, mutha kuyitananso zowonongeka. Mutha kuchita izi ngati chithunzi chanu chidafalitsidwa kale ndipo mukukhulupirira kuti zofuna zanu zidaphwanyidwa.
Kuchuluka kwa chipukuta misozi nthawi zambiri kumafotokozedwa ndi khothi. Zitsanzo ziwiri zodziwika bwino ndi "chithunzi cha uchigawenga cha Schiphol" momwe apolisi ankhondo adasankha munthu yemwe anali wachisilamu kuti amuwone ngati ali ndi chithunzi pansi pa chithunzi "Kodi Schiphol akadali otetezeka?" ndipo zikhalidwe za bambo yemwe anali paulendo wopita kukakwera sitimayo adajambulidwa akuyenda kudutsa Chigawo cha Red Light akumaliza nyuzipepala pamutu wakuti "Kuyang'ana mahule".
Pazochitika zonsezi adaweruza kuti chinsinsi chimaposa ufulu wa wojambula wa kulankhula. Izi zikutanthauza kuti simungangofalitsa chithunzi chilichonse chomwe mumatenga mumsewu. Nthawi zambiri pamakhala chindapusa pakati pa 1500 mpaka 2500 euros.
Ngati, kuwonjezera pa chiwongoladzanja chokwanira, palinso chiwonetsero cha malonda, chiphuphucho chimatha kukwera kwambiri. Chipepeso chonsecho chimatengera zomwe zidakhala zofunikira pantchito zofananira motero zimatha kukhala makumi masauzande.
Lumikizanani
Poganizira za momwe zingapangidwire, ndibwino kuchitapo kanthu mosamala posindikiza zithunzi ndikuyesetsa momwe mungathere chilolezo cha omwe akukhudzidwiratu. Kupatula apo, izi zimapewa zokambirana zambiri pambuyo pake.
Ngati mungafune kudziwa zambiri pankhani ya ufulu wa zithunzi kapena ngati mungagwiritse ntchito zithunzi zina popanda chilolezo, kapena ngati mukukhulupirira kuti wina akuphwanya ufulu wanu wazithunzi, mutha kulumikizana ndi maloya a Law & More.
