Kodi chigamulo choperekedwa kunja chingazindikiridwe kapena / kapena kukakamizidwa ku Netherlands? Ili ndi funso lofunsidwa kawirikawiri pamalamulo omwe amakhala maphwando apadziko lonse lapansi komanso mikangano. Yankho la funsoli silodziwikiratu. Chiphunzitso chakuzindikira ndikukwaniritsa ziweruzo zakunja ndichovuta chifukwa cha malamulo ndi malamulo osiyanasiyana. Blog iyi imafotokozera mwachidule malamulo ndi zofunikira pakugwiritsa ntchito njira zovomerezeka pakukhazikitsa zigamulo zakunja ku Netherlands. Kutengera izi, funso lomwe lili pamwambali lidzayankhidwa mu blog iyi.
Pankhani yovomereza ndikukakamiza kuweruza kwina, Article 431 ya Code of Civil Procedure (DCCP) ili pakatikati ku Netherlands. Izi zikuti:
'1. Kutengera zomwe zalembedwa mu Article 985-994, ngakhale zigamulo zoperekedwa ndi makhothi akunja kapena zida zenizeni zopangidwa kunja kwa Netherlands sizingakakamizidwe ku Netherlands.
2. Mlanduwu ukhoza kumvedwa ndikukhazikitsidwanso kukhothi ku Dutch. '
Mutu 431 ndime 1 DCCP - kukhazikitsa chigamulo chakunja
Ndime yoyamba ya zaluso. 431 DCCP ikukhudzana ndi kukhazikitsa zigamulo zakunja ndipo zikuwonekeratu: mfundo yayikulu ndikuti ziweruzo zakunja sizingakakamizidwe ku Netherlands. Komabe, ndime yoyamba ya nkhani yomwe yatchulidwayi ikupitilira ndikupereka kuti palinso zosiyana ndi mfundo zoyambirira, zomwe zili m'milandu yomwe yaperekedwa mu Zolemba 985-994 DCCP.
Zolemba 985-994 DCCP zili ndi malamulo ambiri pamagwiritsidwe ntchito aulemu wopangidwa m'maiko akunja. Malamulowa, omwe amadziwikanso kuti Exequatur ndondomeko, amagwiritsidwa ntchito molingana ndi Article 985 (1) DCCP pokhapokha ngati 'chigamulo chokhazikitsidwa ndi khothi ladziko lina chikhoza kukwaniritsidwa ku Netherlands potsatira mgwirizano kapena chifukwa cha lamulo '.
Mwachitsanzo, ku Europe (EU), malamulo otsatirawa alipo motere:
- Lamulo la EEX pa Nkhani Zapadziko Lonse ndi Zamalonda
- Malamulo a Ibis pa Kusudzulana Kwapadziko Lonse ndi Udindo wa Makolo
- Malamulo a Alimony pa Kusamalira Ana Amuna ndi Mkazi Wadziko Lonse
- Lamulo la Matrimonial Property Law pa International Matrimonial Property Law
- Mgwirizano Wothandizana pa Lamulo Lothandizirana Padziko Lonse
- Lamulo La Cholowa pa Lamulo Lotsatira M'mayiko Onse
Ngati chigamulo chakunja chikukakamizidwa ku Netherlands chifukwa chalamulo kapena mgwirizano, ndiye kuti chisankhocho sichikhala lamulo lokakamiza, kuti chitha kukakamizidwa. Kuti izi zitheke, khothi lachi Dutch liyenera kupemphedwa kuti lipereke chilolezo chazomwe zatsimikiziridwa mu Article 985 DCCP. Izi sizitanthauza kuti mlanduwu udzaunikidwanso. Sizomwe zili choncho, malinga ndi nkhani 985 Rv. Pali, komabe, pamakhalidwe omwe khothi limawunika ngati chilolezo chingaperekedwe kapena ayi. Njira zenizeni zimafotokozedwera mwalamulo kapena mgwirizanowu pamaziko omwe chigamulocho chimakwaniritsidwa.
Mutu 431 ndime 2 DCCP - kuzindikira chigamulo chakunja
Pakakhala kuti palibe mgwirizano pakati pa Netherlands ndi State yakunja, chigamulo chakunja chotsatira zaluso. 431 ndime 1 DCCP ku Netherlands sayenera kukakamizidwa. Chitsanzo cha izi ndi chiweruzo cha Russia. Kupatula apo, palibe mgwirizano uliwonse pakati pa Kingdom of Netherlands ndi Russian Federation yokhazikitsa kuzindikiritsa ndi kukhazikitsa zigamulo munkhani zaboma komanso zamalonda.
Ngati phwando likufuna kukhazikitsa chigamulo chakunja chomwe sichikakamizidwa chifukwa cha mgwirizano kapena lamulo, Article 431 ndime 2 DCCP imapereka njira ina. Ndime yachiwiri ya Article 431 DCCP ikunena kuti chipani, chomwe phindu lake laperekedwa m'chigamulo chakunja, chitha kubweretsanso milanduyi ku khothi lachi Dutch, kuti ipeze chigamulo chomwe chingachitike. Zowona kuti khothi lakunja lidasankha kale pamkangano womwewo siziteteza kuti mkanganowo usabwererenso kukhothi lachi Dutch.
M'milandu yatsopanoyi malinga ndi Article 431, ndime 2 DCCP, khothi laku Dutch 'liziwunika mulimonse momwe zingakhalire ngati olamulira akuyenera kuweruzidwa kwina' (HR 14 Novembala 1924, NJ 1925, Bontmantel). Mfundo yayikulu apa ndikuti chigamulo chakunja (chomwe chapeza mphamvu ya res judicata) chimadziwika ku Netherlands ngati zofunikira zochepa izi zakwaniritsidwa pakuweruza kwa Khothi Lalikulu la 26 Seputembara 2014 (ECLI: NL: HR: 2014: 2838, Gazprombank) yamalizidwa:
- Mphamvu zaku khothi zomwe zidapereka chigamulo chakunja zikukhazikitsidwa paulamuliro wovomerezeka ndi mayiko ena;
- chigamulo chakunja chakwaniritsidwa munjira yoweruza yomwe ikukwaniritsa zofunikira pakutsata malamulo ndikukhala ndi chitsimikizo chokwanira;
- kuvomereza chigamulo chakunja sikotsutsana ndi bata la anthu aku Dutch;
- palibe funso loti milandu yachilendo siyigwirizana ndi chigamulo cha khothi lachi Dutch chomwe chaperekedwa pakati pa maphwando, kapena ndi chigamulo cham'mbuyomu cha khothi lakunja lomwe lidaperekedwa pakati pa magulu omwewo pakutsutsana pamutu womwewo ndipo lakhazikitsidwa pa chifukwa chomwecho.
Ngati izi zanenedwa pamwambapa, kukwaniritsidwa kwa mlanduwo sikungatengeredwe ndipo khothi laku Dutch lingakhale lokwanira ndi chipani china kwa omwe adapatsidwa kale chigamulo chakunja. Chonde dziwani kuti m'dongosolo lino, lopangidwa ngati lamuloli, chigamulo chakunja sichinenedwe kuti ndi 'chokwaniritsa', koma chigamulo chatsopano chimaperekedwa m'chiweruzo cha Dutch chomwe chikufanana ndi chigamulo chakuweruza kwakunja.
Ngati zofunikira a) mpaka d) sizikwaniritsidwa, zomwe zili mulamuloli zikuyenera kuchitidwa ndi khothi kwakukulu. Kaya ndi, ngati ndi choncho, phindu lanji lomwe liyenera kuperekedwa ku chigamulo chakunja (chosayenera kuvomerezedwa) chimasiyidwa m'malingaliro a woweruza. Zikuwoneka kuchokera pamilandu yamilandu kuti zikafika pabwino pagulu la anthu, khothi lachi Dutch limagwirizana ndi mfundo yamalamulo oyenera kumvedwa. Izi zikutanthauza kuti ngati chigamulo chakunja chidapangidwa mophwanya lamuloli, kuvomereza kwake mwina kungakhale kosemphana ndi mfundo zaboma.
Kodi muli nawo mkangano wapadziko lonse lapansi, ndipo mukufuna kuti chigamulo chanu chakunja chizindikiridwe kapena kukakamizidwa ku Netherlands? Chonde nditumizireni Law & More. At Law & More, tikumvetsetsa kuti mikangano yalamulo yapadziko lonse lapansi ndi yovuta ndipo itha kukhala ndi zotsatirapo zazikulu kwa zipani. Ichi ndichifukwa chake Law & MoreMaloya amagwiritsira ntchito njira yaumwini, koma yokwanira. Pamodzi ndi inu, amawunika momwe zinthu ziliri ndikufotokozera zomwe mungachite. Ngati kuli kotheka, maloya athu, omwe ndi akatswiri pankhani zamalamulo apadziko lonse lapansi, nawonso ndiosangalala kukuthandizani pakuzindikira kapena kuyendetsa milandu.
