Mimba, mwatsoka, siili nkhani ya kholo lililonse lomwe likufuna kukhala ndi ana. Kuphatikiza pa kuthekera kwakulera ana, kuberekera mwana m'malo ena kungakhale kosankha kwa kholo lomwe akufuna. Pakadali pano, kuberekera munthu wina sikulamulidwa ndi lamulo ku Netherlands, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti makolo ovomerezeka komanso amayi oberekera asadziwike bwinobwino. Mwachitsanzo, bwanji ngati mayi woberekera akufuna kubereka mwanayo atabadwa kapena makolo omwe akufuna kukhala nawo sakufuna kupita naye kumabanja awo? Ndipo kodi inunso mumangokhala kholo lovomerezeka la mwanayo atabadwa? Nkhaniyi iyankha mafunso awa ndi enanso ambiri. Kuphatikiza apo, chikalata cha 'Child, surrogacy, and parentage' chikukambidwa.
Kodi kulolerana kumaloledwa ku Netherlands?
Kuyeserera kumapereka mitundu iwiri ya kuberekera, zomwe zonse zimaloledwa ku Netherlands. Mitunduyi ndi njira yokhayokha yoberekera.
Kuberekera pachikhalidwe
Pogwiritsa ntchito njira yoberekera, dzira la mayi woberekera limagwiritsidwa ntchito. Izi zimabweretsa kuti pakuberekera mwana woberekera, mayi woberekera nthawi zonse amakhala mayi wobadwa naye. Mimbayo imabwera ndikutengera umuna wa abambo wofunitsitsa kapena wopereka (kapena kubweretsa mwachilengedwe). Palibe zofunikira mwalamulo pochita zovomerezeka za makolo. Komanso, palibe chithandizo chamankhwala chomwe chimafunikira.
Kugonana kwamwamuna
Chithandizo chamankhwala, kumbali inayo, ndi chofunikira pazochita zoberekera. Poterepa, kutulutsa ectopic kumachitika koyamba kudzera mu IVF. Pambuyo pake, kamwana kameneka kamene kamayikidwa m'chiberekero cha mayi woberekerayo, chifukwa chake nthawi zambiri sikakhala mayi wobadwa naye wa mwanayo. Chifukwa chamankhwala oyenera, zofunikira kwambiri zimafunikira pa njira yodziberekera ku Netherlands. Izi zikuphatikiza kuti makolo onse omwe akufuna kukhala obadwa ali okhudzana ndi chibadwa cha mwanayo, kuti pakufunika thandizo la zamankhwala kwa mayi yemwe akufuna, kuti makolo omwe akufuna omwewo amapeza mayi woberekera, komanso kuti azimayi onsewa amakhala azaka zosakwana zaka (mpaka zaka 43 za Wopereka dzira mpaka zaka 45 za mayi woberekera).
Kuletsa kupititsa patsogolo ntchito zakuchita (zamalonda)
Zowona kuti kubadwa kwachikhalidwe komanso kwamtundu wololeza kumaloledwa ku Netherlands sizitanthauza kuti kulolerana kumaloledwa nthawi zonse. Zowonadi, Malamulo a Chilango amalamula kuti kukwezedwa kwa (malonda) ndikoletsedwa. Izi zikutanthauza kuti palibe masamba awebusayiti omwe angalengeze kuti athandizire kupezeka ndi kufunidwa mozungulira amayi oberekera. Kuphatikiza apo, makolo omwe akufuna sanaloledwe kufunafuna mayi woberekera pagulu, mwachitsanzo kudzera pa TV. Izi zimagwiranso ntchito mosinthanitsa: mayi woberekera saloledwa kufunafuna makolo omwe akufuna kukhala pagulu. Kuphatikiza apo, amayi oberekera ena sangalandire chipukuta misozi chilichonse, kupatula ndalama zomwe amapeza (kuchipatala).
Mgwirizano woberekera
Ngati woberekera wasankhidwa, ndikofunikira kupanga mapangano omveka bwino. Kawirikawiri, izi zimachitika polemba mgwirizano wokhudzana ndi kubereka. Ichi ndi mgwirizano wopanda mawonekedwe, chifukwa chake mitundu yonse yamgwirizano imatha kupangidwa kwa mayi woberekera komanso makolo omwe akufuna. Mwachizoloŵezi, mgwirizano woterewu ndi wovuta kuumiriza movomerezeka, chifukwa umawoneka ngati wosemphana ndi chikhalidwe. Pazifukwa izi, mgwirizano wodzifunira wa makolo oberekera omwe akufuna kuchita nawo ana ndikofunikira kwambiri. Mayi woberekera mwana sangakakamizike kupereka mwana akabadwa ndipo makolo omwe akufuna kuti akhale nawo sangakakamizike kupita naye kubanja lawo. Chifukwa cha vutoli, makolo omwe akufuna kuti azisankhira amasankha kupita kukapeza mayi wobadwira kunja. Izi zimayambitsa mavuto pakuchita. Tikufuna kukutumizirani ku nkhani yathu pa kudzipereka kwapadziko lonse lapansi.
Kukhala makolo mwalamulo
Chifukwa chosowa lamulo linalake lakuberekera ana, inu monga kholo lomwe simukufuna kukhala kholo simumangokhala kholo lokhalo lamakhalidwe atabadwa. Izi ndichifukwa choti lamulo lokhala kholo laku Dutch limakhazikika pamalingaliro akuti mayi woberekayo nthawi zonse amakhala mayi walamulo wamwanayo, kuphatikiza pakuberekera mwana. Ngati mayi woberekerayo wakwatiwa panthawi yobadwa, mnzake woberekerayo amazindikiridwa kuti ndi kholo.
Ichi ndichifukwa chake njira zotsatirazi zimagwira ntchito. Pambuyo pobadwa ndi kulengeza (kovomerezeka), mwanayo ali - ndi chilolezo cha Board Care and Protection Board - wophatikizidwa m'banja la makolo omwe akufuna. Woweruzayo amachotsa mayi woberekerayo (mwinanso ndi mkazi wake) m'manja mwa makolo, pambuyo pake makolo omwe amafunidwa amasankhidwa kukhala oyang'anira. Makolo omwe akufuna kuti asamalire ndikulera mwanayo kwa chaka chimodzi, ndizotheka kuti mumulandire pamodzi. Kuthekera kwina ndikuti bambo yemwe akufuna kuti avomereze mwanayo kapena makolo ake adakhazikitsidwa mwalamulo (ngati mayi woberekerayo sanakwatiwe kapena kuleredwa ndi mamuna wake). Mayi yemwe adafunidwa atha kumulera mwanayo pakatha chaka chimodzi polera ndi kumusamalira.
Ndondomeko yamalamulo
Ndondomeko ya 'Child, surrogacy and parentage Bill' ikufuna kusintha njira zomwe zatchulidwazi kuti mupeze kholo. Kutengera izi, kupatula kumaphatikizidwanso pamalamulo akuti amayi obereka nthawi zonse amakhala amayi ovomerezeka, ndikupatsanso kholo pambuyo poberekera. Izi zitha kupangidwa musanatenge pathupi ndi njira yapadera yopempha ndi mayi woberekera yemwe ali ndi makolo omwe akufuna. Pangano lodzipereka liyenera kuperekedwa, lomwe lidzayesedwa ndi khothi kutengera momwe malamulo aliri. Izi zikuphatikiza: onse omwe ali ndi zaka zakubvomerezedwa ndipo amavomereza kupanga uphungu komanso kuti m'modzi mwa makolo omwe amafunidwa ali ndi chibadwa chokhudzana ndi mwanayo.
Ngati khothi livomereza pulogalamu yoberekera, makolo omwe amafunidwa amakhala makolo panthawi yobadwa ya mwanayo motero amalembedwa pamakalata pakubadwa kwa mwanayo. Pansi pa Mgwirizano wa UN wa Ufulu wa Mwana, mwana ali ndi ufulu wodziwa makolo ake. Pachifukwa ichi, kaundula amakhazikitsidwa momwe chidziwitso chokhudzana ndi kubereka ndi zololedwa chimasungidwa ngati chosiyana. Pomaliza, chikalatachi chimapereka mwayi wotsutsana ndi kuletsa kuyimilira ngati izi zichitika ndi bungwe lodziyimira palokha lokhazikitsidwa ndi Minister.
Kutsiliza
Ngakhale (kuchita zikhalidwe zosagulitsa zachikhalidwe) kuchita zovomerezeka kumaloledwa ku Netherlands, pakalibe malamulo ena atha kubweretsa zovuta. Pakukonzekera kutenga mbali, maphwando omwe akukhudzidwa (ngakhale ali ndi mgwirizano woberekera) amadalira mgwirizano wodzifunira. Kuphatikiza apo, sizimangochitika zokha kuti makolo omwe amafuna kuti akhale ndi ana azovomerezeka pakubadwa kwa mwana. Ndondomeko ya Bill yotchedwa 'Child, Surrogacy and Parentage' ikuyesera kufotokoza njira zalamulo za onse omwe akukhudzidwa popereka malamulo azamakhalidwe oberekera. Komabe, kuwunika kwa nyumba yamalamulo kumeneku kumatheka kokha mukamalamulira.
Kodi mukukonzekera kuyambitsa pulogalamu yodzipereka ngati kholo kapena mayi woberekera ndipo mukufuna kupitiliza kuwongolera zamalamulo anu moyenera? Kapena mukufuna thandizo kuti mupeze makolo ovomerezeka mwana akabadwa? Ndiye chonde lemberani Law & More. Maloya athu ndi odziwika bwino pamalamulo am'banja ndipo ali okondwa kugwira nawo ntchito.
