Makambirano omwe adachitika kwa miyezi ingapo, mgwirizano womwe aliyense ankaganiza kuti wachitika, kenako mbali ina imachoka. Funso lotsatira nthawi zonse ndi lofanana: kodi angangochita zimenezo, ndipo ndani amalipira ntchito yomwe yachitika kale? Malamulo aku Dutch amapereka yankho lomveka bwino, ndipo si lomwe anthu ambiri amayembekezera. Poyambira ndichakuti mutha kusokoneza zokambirana. Udindo ndi wosiyana, ndipo malire ake ndi okwera.
Tsamba ili likufotokoza nthawi yomwe kuleka mgwirizano kumakhala kolakwika, zomwe munthu amene wakhumudwayo anganene, zomwe khoti lidzayang'ane, komanso - mothandiza kwambiri - momwe angachotsere funso lonse lisanayambike.
Kukambirana ndi ubale wovomerezeka kale
Kuyambira nthawi yomwe magulu ayamba kukambirana, salinso alendo. Kuyambira pamene Khoti Lalikulu linapereka chigamulo cha Baris/Riezenkamp mu 1957, zatsimikizika kuti magulu okambirana ayamba ubale wapadera womwe umayang'aniridwa ndi chikhulupiriro chabwino, momwe aliyense ayenera kuganizira zofuna za mnzake. Nkhani 6:2 ndi 6:248 za Dutch Civil Code zimatsatira mfundo imeneyi kudzera mu lamulo la maudindo.
Ubale umenewo umakhala ndi zotsatirapo zake mgwirizano usanayambe. Ukhoza kuyambitsa udindo woulula zambiri zomwe mbali inayo ikufuna, udindo wosakambirana nthawi imodzi pamene ikupereka lingaliro lapadera, ndipo - mutu wa tsamba lino - umaletsa kungochokapo.
Muyezo: nthawi yosiya kuchita zinthu molakwika
Lamulo lolamulira likuchokera ku chigamulo cha Khoti Lalikulu pa 12 Ogasiti 2005 mu CBB/JPO. Kuthetsa zokambirana n'kolakwika pokhapokha ngati kuchita zimenezo sikungakhale kovomerezeka , mwina chifukwa chakuti mbali ina imadalira kuti pangano lichitike, kapena chifukwa cha zochitika zina za mlanduwo. Khoti Lalikulu linafotokoza izi m'njira yofunikira: ndi muyezo wokhwima, ndipo umafuna kuti khoti liziletsa.
Zinthu zitatu zimatsatira kuchokera m'mawu amenewo, ndipo zimasankha milandu yambiri.
- Chokhazikika ndi ufulu. Gulu likhoza kutha. Gulu lokhumudwa liyenera kudziwa chifukwa chake kutha kwa gululi kumadutsa malire, osati mosiyana.
- Kudalira kuyenera kukhala koyenera. Kuyembekezera kuti mgwirizanowu utha sikokwanira. Kudalira kuyenera kukhala komwe khalidwe la winayo linapangitsa kuti kukhale koyenera.
- Nthawi yolekanitsa imaweruzidwa malinga ndi nkhani. Khotilo likuyang'ana momwe zokambiranazo zinayendera, zomwe gulu lililonse linachita, komanso ngati zinthu zinasintha pakadali pano. Gulu lomwe linasiya mgwirizano chifukwa msika unasamuka lili pamalo osiyana ndi gulu lomwe linasiya mgwirizano chifukwa chopereka chabwino chinafika pomwe gulu linalo linauzidwa kuti mgwirizanowo watsekedwa.
Zimene makhoti aganizira
Lamulo la mlanduwu limayang'ana kwambiri mfundo zenizeni, koma njira yochitira izi imabweranso. Zinthu zomwe zathandiza munthu amene wakhumudwa ndi monga kugwirizana pa mfundo zonse zofunika koma malamulo okha ndi omwe atsala, chikalata chomaliza chokonzedwa pamodzi, chipani chomwe chikulimbikitsidwa kuyamba ntchito kapena kutenga ndalama chisanasainidwe, ndi chitsimikizo choperekedwa chokhudza zotsatira zake. Zinthu zomwe zikuyang'ana mosiyana ndi izi zikuphatikizapo mfundo zotseguka pamtengo kapena malire, kusungitsa malo mwachangu, chipani chomwe chikupitiriza kukambirana ndi ena, ndi kusintha kwa mfundo zomwe zili pansi pake monga ndalama zomwe zatsala kapena kukanidwa kwa chilolezo.
Magawo atatu, ndi zomwe zatsala mwa iwo
Machitidwe aku Dutch akugwirabe ntchito ndi ndondomeko ya chigamulo cha Khoti Lalikulu cha Plas/Valburg cha 1982, chomwe ndi chofunikira kudziwa chifukwa ndi momwe kalata ya mbali inayo idzalembedwere.
| Phase | Kumene zokambirana zilili | Zotsatira za kusweka |
|---|---|---|
| Choyamba | Zokambirana zoyambirira, palibe chomwe chakhazikika | Ufulu wosiya; gulu lililonse limakhala ndi ndalama zake |
| Chachiwiri | Macheza apita patsogolo, koma palibe chifukwa chodalira mgwirizano | Ndi ufulu kusiya, koma ndalama zomwe winayo adawononga zingafunike kubwezeredwa |
| Chachitatu | Munthu winayo angaganize kuti mgwirizano udzakhalapo | Kusiya mgwirizano kungakhale kosavomerezeka: kuwonongeka, komwe kungaphatikizepo phindu lotayika, kapena lamulo loti apitirize kukambirana |
Chinthu chimodzi choyenera kukhala chowona mtima nacho, chifukwa chili m'mabuku. CBB/JPO sichitchula Plas/Valburg konse, ndipo chimapanga muyezo umodzi wokhwima osati womaliza. Olemba ena amawerenga zimenezo ngati mapeto a gawo lachiwiri. Ena amanena kuti CBB/JPO inali yokhudza pempho la phindu lotayika lokha, kotero chigamulocho sichinanene chilichonse chokhudza pempho la ndalama. Mwachizolowezi, makhoti ang'onoang'ono akupitiliza kupereka ndalama zokambirana m'milandu yoyenera, kudalira zimenezo pa zotsatira zowonjezera za kulingalira bwino ndi chilungamo m'malo moyesa CBB/JPO molimba. Mfundo yothandiza: pempho la ndalama lili ndi mwayi waukulu kuposa pempho la phindu lotayika, ndipo awiriwa sayenera kukangana ngati kuti adayima kapena kugwera limodzi.
Zomwe zingatengedwe
- Ndalama zogulira zokambirana (chidwi choipa). Alangizi akunja, kufufuza bwino, ntchito zauinjiniya kapena zomangamanga, maulendo. Ichi ndi chomwe nthawi zambiri chimapambana, ndipo chimathandizidwa kwambiri ndi ma invoice omwe amasonyeza zomwe zinachitika komanso nthawi yomwe zinachitikira.
- Phindu lotayika (chiwongola dzanja chabwino). Chimene wopemphayo akanapeza akanatha panganolo. Izi zimafuna gawo lachitatu ndipo motero muyezo wonse wokhwima. Sizimaperekedwa kawirikawiri.
- Lamulo loti apitirize kukambirana. Khothi likhoza kulamula kuti magulu awiriwa abwerere patebulo, nthawi zina mwachidule ndikupatsidwa chilango. Ndi njira yeniyeni yothetsera vutoli pamene gulu lankhondo likuchita zinthu molakwika m'malo mongochokadi, ngakhale kuti silingakakamize mgwirizano kuti ukhalepo.
Kaya njira iliyonse ndi iti, udindo wopereka umboni uli m'manja mwa chipani chomwe chinasiyidwa chilili. Zimenezi zimapangitsa kuti zolemba za zokambirana zikhale zofunika kwambiri: mphindi, zolemba zokhala ndi masiku, maimelo otsimikizira zomwe zinagwirizana pamsonkhano, ndi uthenga uliwonse womwe mbali inayo inasonyeza chidaliro pa zotsatira zake.
Momwe mungapewere funso lonse
Pafupifupi zoopsa zonsezi n'zotheka kuzipewa, mbali zonse ziwiri, ndi zikalata zomwe zimatenga ola limodzi kukonzekera.
Gwiritsani ntchito malo osungitsa malo, ndipo mugwiritse ntchito moyenera
Kusungitsa malo — komwe kumafunikira kuvomerezedwa ndi bungwe, komwe kumafunikira ndalama, komwe kumafunikira kufufuzidwa mokwanira, komwe kumafunikira pangano — kumaletsa kudalira koyenera kuti kuyambe. Malamulo atatu amasiyanitsa pakati pa kusungitsa komwe kumagwira ntchito ndi komwe sikugwira ntchito. Lembani polemba poyamba, osati pamene zokambiranazo zayamba kukhala zovuta. Bwerezaninso m'makalata, chifukwa kusungitsa komwe kunapangidwa pamsonkhano woyamba ndipo sikunatchulidwenso kumataya mphamvu pamene zokambiranazo zikupita patsogolo. Ndipo chitani mogwirizana ndi izi: chipani chomwe chimanena kuti mgwirizanowu ukuyenera kuvomerezedwa ndi bungwe pomwe chikuuza gulu lina kuti liyambe kuyitanitsa zinthu kumawononga zomwe zili mu dongosolo lake.
Ikani kalata yofotokoza cholinga chanu
Kalata yachidule yofotokoza cholinga iyenera kunena m'mawu omwe ndi magawo ati omwe akuyenera kutsatiridwa ndi omwe sakuyenera kutsatiridwa, kuti palibe gulu lomwe likuyenera kutsatiridwa mpaka pangano losainidwa litakhalapo, kuti lililonse liyenera kulipira ndalama zake, ndipo gulu lililonse likhoza kusiya nthawi iliyonse. Pamene chinsinsi kapena kupatula zikugwirizana, zigawo zimenezo zitha kutsimikiziridwa kuti ndi zovomerezeka pomwe zina sizikugwirizana - kuphatikiza kumeneku ndi kwachibadwa komanso koyenera kutsatiridwa.
Limbani ndi ndalama zisanagulitsidwe
Pamene gulu lina likupemphedwa kuti liyike ndalama panthawi ya zokambiranazo — kapangidwe, kuyesa, kafukufuku — fotokozani m'malemba zomwe zimachitika ndi ndalama zimenezo ngati palibe mgwirizano womwe ukutsatira. Ndalama yochotsera kapena mgwirizano wogawana ndalama ndi yotsika mtengo kuposa mkangano wokhudza magawo, ndipo imasintha mkangano wokhudza ziphunzitso zamalamulo kukhala nkhani ya masamu.
Ngati mbali inayo yasweka
Chitanipo kanthu mwachangu komanso motsatira dongosolo ili. Sungani mbiri yanu anthu asanachoke ndipo mabokosi a makalata asamayeretsedwe: ma draft, mphindi, unyolo wa mauthenga, nthawi yomwe malo otseguka aliwonse adatsekedwa. Lembani ndalama zanu ndi ma invoice othandizira. Kenako sankhani zomwe mukufuna - kubweza ndalama, kuyambiranso zokambirana, kapena kuwonongeka - chifukwa makalata atatu osiyana ndi awa, ndipo pempho lopempha chilichonse nthawi imodzi ndi losavuta kunyalanyaza kuposa lopempha zomwe zingatheke kutetezedwa.
Ngati winayo akadali ndi chitseko chotseguka, kalata yolimba yofotokoza kudalira komwe adapanga ndi ndalama zomwe zidabweretsa nthawi zambiri imakhala yokwanira kuti apeze mgwirizano. Kumene adapita, funsoli limakhala lovomerezeka, ndipo ndikofunikira kuganizira bwino gawo lomwe fayilo yanu ikuthandizira musanalembe chilichonse.
MAFUNSO OFUNSIDWA KAWIRIKAWIRI
Kodi ndingathe kungochoka pa zokambirana?
Kawirikawiri, inde. Malamulo aku Dutch amaona ufulu wosiya mgwirizano ngati poyambira, ndipo udindo ngati chosiyana. Umakhala wolakwika pokhapokha ngati kusiya mgwirizano sikungakhale kovomerezeka chifukwa cha kudalira kwa chipani china kuti mgwirizanowo ungachitike, kapena ngati pali zifukwa zina. Khoti Lalikulu lafotokoza zimenezo ngati muyezo wokhwima womwe umafuna kuletsa.
Kodi ndiyenera kulipira ndalama za mbali inayo?
Nthawi zina, komanso nthawi zambiri kuposa momwe mungakhalire ndi ngongole yotayika phindu. Ngati zokambirana zapita patsogolo ndipo mbali ina yawononga ndalama mwa kudziwa kwanu ndi chilimbikitso chanu, khothi likhoza kulamula kuti ndalamazo zibwezedwe ngakhale ngati palibe pangano lomwe lidzagwiritsidwe ntchito.
Kodi khoti lingatikakamize kuti titsirize pangano?
Palibe khoti lomwe lingapange pangano, koma likhoza kulamula maguluwo kuti apitirize kukambirana, ngati kuli kofunikira mwachidule komanso ndi chilango. Imeneyo ndi chiopsezo chenicheni kwa gulu lomwe likuimitsa ntchito m'malo mochokadi.
Kodi kalata yofotokoza cholinga chathu imatipangitsa kukhala omangika?
Zimenezo zimadalira kwathunthu zomwe akunena. Kalata yofotokozera cholinga chake ingakhale yosakakamiza konse, yokakamiza konse, kapena - nthawi zambiri komanso mwanzeru - yokakamiza kokha pankhani ya chinsinsi, kupatulapo ndi ndalama. Chomwe sichiyenera kukhala chete pa mfundoyi, chifukwa chete ndicho chimasiya funsolo kuti ligamulidwe pambuyo pake ndi khoti.
Kodi ndiyenera kupereka chiwongola dzanja nthawi yayitali bwanji?
Chopempha chamtunduwu chimadalira malamulo wamba oletsa, omwe amayamba nthawi yomweyo mutadziwa kuwonongeka ndi yemwe ali ndi mlandu. Mwachizolowezi, choletsacho chimakhala chowonekera osati chovomerezeka: mtengo wa fayilo yokambirana umatsika msanga anthu omwe akukhudzidwa akachoka.
Makambirano atha, kapena akuganiza zowathetsa?
Mbali zonse ziwiri za funsoli zimapindula ndi upangiri makalata asanayambe. Ngati mwasiyidwa ndi ndalama zomwe zagwiritsidwa ntchito pa mgwirizano womwe sunatseke, funso ndi lakuti ndi gawo liti lomwe fayilo yanu ikuthandizira komanso zomwe zingabwezeretsedwe. Ngati ndinu amene mukufuna kutuluka, funso ndi momwe mungachitire popanda kupanga chiwongola dzanja. Maloya athu amalangiza pa zonse ziwiri, m'Chidatchi ndi Chingerezi. Lumikizanani nafe. Law & More kuti mudziwe komwe muli.
