Kugula nyumba ku Netherlands ngati mlendo

Kugula nyumba ku Netherlands kuli ndi mawonekedwe okhazikika mwalamulo: kupereka bid, chikalata cholembedwa chogula, nthawi yokhazikika mwalamulo, miyambo ya zinthu, dipositi, ndi chikalata chovomerezeka chosamutsa nyumba cholembetsedwa ku Land Registry. Malangizo ambiri a anthu ochokera kumayiko ena amachokera kwa ogulitsa nyumba ndipo amayang'ana kwambiri mtengo. Nkhaniyi ikufotokoza njira zamalamulo m'malo mwake - zomwe zimakumangani komanso nthawi yake, komanso zomwe mungathe kusiya. Ndi malangizo alamulo, osati upangiri wazachuma.

Kodi nzika yakunja ingagule nyumba ku Netherlands?

Inde. Palibe chiletso cha dziko pa umwini wa malo okhala a ku Netherlands. Simukuyenera kukhala nzika ya ku Netherlands, nzika ya EU, kapena wokhala ku Netherlands kuti mukhale mwiniwake wolembetsedwa. Palibe chilolezo komanso nthawi yochepa yokhalamo. Malo Olembetsera Malo (Kadaster) amalemba mwiniwake wa phukusi lililonse mosaganizira pasipoti ya mwiniwake.

Mfundo ziwiri nthawi zambiri zimasokonezedwa ndi lamulo loletsa lomwe sililipo. Choyamba, umwini si udindo wa anthu osamukira kudziko lina: kugula sikukupatsani ufulu wokhala, ndipo udindo wosakhazikika sungakulepheretseni kukhala ndi katundu. Chachiwiri, maboma ena amaletsa kugula nyumba kuti ikhale yobwereka, osati alendo. Pansi pa dongosolo lotchedwa opkoopbescherming , lomwe likugwira ntchito kuyambira 1 Januwale 2022, boma likhoza kusankha madera omwe nyumba yotsika mtengo kapena yapakati singagulitsidwe kwa nthawi mutagula popanda chilolezo. Zimakhudza zomwe mumachita ndi nyumbayo, osati zomwe muli.

Zomwe mukufunikira musanagule

Nambala yautumiki wa nzika (BSN)

BSN imaperekedwa yokha kwa aliyense wolembetsedwa mu Dutch Personal Records Database; anthu osakhala m'dzikolo akhoza kulembedwa mu Non-Residents Records Database ndikupeza imodzi mwanjira imeneyo. Ufulu wa mwini nyumba sudalira kukhala ndi BSN, koma kubweza msonkho wotumizira ndi mafayilo a notary, ndipo mabanki adzapempha.

Akaunti ya banki ya ku Dutch

Palibe lamulo lomwe limafuna chimodzi, koma mudzachifuna chimodzi. Mtengo ndi ndalama zimalipidwa mu akaunti ya kasitomala wa notary ( derdengeldenrekening ), ndipo malipiro ochokera ku akaunti yakunja amachedwa ndipo nthawi zambiri amachekedwa ndi macheke oletsa kusamba ndalama. Ndalama zomwe sizinaperekedwe m'mawa wa kusamutsa zidzayimitsa.

Zimene wobwereketsa ngongole ya nyumba adzafuna, pamlingo walamulo

• Ngongole ya nyumba ya ku Dutch ndi ufulu wobweza ngongole womwe umapangidwa ndi chikalata chosiyana cha notarial, chomwe chimaperekedwa pa nthawi yomweyi monga kusamutsa ngongoleyo ndipo chimalembedwa m'mabuku omwewo.
• Wobwereketsa chopereka cholembedwa chomangirira Ndi momwe ndalama zanu ziyenera kugwirizanirana ndi zomwe mukufuna. Chizindikiro cha nthawi yochepa si chopereka, ndipo kudalira chimodzi mwa izo ndiyo njira yodziwika bwino yomwe ogula amataya ndalama zosungira.
• Ngati mwakwatirana kapena muli mu mgwirizano wolembetsedwa, mkazi kapena mwamuna wanu nthawi zambiri ayenera kukhala mbali kapena kuvomereza. Malamulo okhudza katundu wa ukwati wakunja amavutitsa izi; funsani kwa notary msanga.

Othandizira nyumba: ndani amene amachita zinthu m'malo mwa ndani

Apa ndi pomwe ogula akunja nthawi zambiri amagwidwa. Wothandizira amene amakuwonetsani nyumbayo, kuyankha mafunso anu ndikulemba chikalata chogulira ndiye wogulitsa ( verkoopmakelaar ), wolangizidwa ndikulipidwa ndi wogulitsayo ndipo akuchita zinthu mogwirizana ndi zomwe wogulitsayo akufuna. Palibe chomwe chanenedwa pakuwona chomwe chimasintha zimenezo. Sali wolowerera ndale, si mlangizi wanu, ndipo sakulipirani udindo wokambirana mtengo wotsika kapena kukupatsani malangizo pa zomwe muyenera kukakamiza.

Wothandizira wogula ( aankoopmakelaar ) amalangizidwa ndi inu: kuwerengera mtengo, kupereka bid, kuyang'ana bungwe la eni ake ndi kafukufuku, ndikukuthandizani kukwaniritsa udindo wanu wofufuza. Malinga ndi malamulo aukadaulo a mabungwe akuluakulu a oimira, wothandizira m'modzi sayenera kuchita zinthu m'malo mwa onse awiri pamalonda omwewo.

Mpikisano, ndi chifukwa chake sukukukakamizani

Mtengo wopempha ndi pempho loti mukambirane, osati chopereka. Wogulitsa akhoza kukana mtengo wapamwamba kwambiri, kulandira wotsika pakakhala bwino, kapena kugulitsa kwina. Ngati chiwongola dzanja chili chachikulu, katunduyo akhoza kuperekedwa kwa wogulitsa wotsekedwa ( inschrijving ), ndipo wogulitsayo amasankhabe.

Mfundo yofunika kwambiri palamulo ndi iyi. Ngati wogula ndi munthu payekha osati kuchita bizinesi kapena ntchito, ndipo malowo ndi okhalamo, kugula kuyenera kulembedwa ( art. 7:2 BW). Mpaka onse awiri atasaina chikalatacho, palibe kugulitsa kokakamiza. Kupereka kovomerezedwa pafoni, imelo kapena kugwirana chanza sikumakukakamizani.

Zotsatira zake n'zosasangalatsa: sizimakhudza wogulitsa. Mpaka asayine akhoza kulandira mtengo wapamwamba, ndipo mulibe chonena. Ogula omwe amaganiza kuti "chopereka chathu chalandiridwa" amatanthauza kuti nyumbayo ndi yawo, ndipo kuchotsedwa kwa mabuku moyenerera, kumaonekera. Limbikitsani chikalata cholembedwa mwachangu.

Chikalata chogula (koopovereenkomst)

Pafupifupi nyumba iliyonse yomwe ilipo imagulitsidwa pa chikalata chogulira cha mtundu wamba chomwe chimapangidwa pamodzi ndi mabungwe a othandizira ndi mabungwe ogula. Kugwiritsa ntchito kwake sikokakamiza, koma kuchoka kumafunika kukayikira: chitsanzocho chimayendetsedwa bwino, kotero gawo lowonjezeredwa pamwamba pake nthawi zambiri limakonda wogulitsa. Chongani osachepera:

• Kufotokozera kwa cadastral, ndi ngati malowo ndi aulere kapena ali ndi lendi ya nthaka.
• Mndandanda wa zinthu zosunthika ndi zinthu zina — mikangano yokhudza khitchini ndi pansi ndi yopeweka.
• Tsiku losamutsidwa ndi tsiku lokhalamo, zomwe zingasiyane.
• Mikhalidwe yoyambirira, nthawi yake yomaliza, ndi momwe iyenera kugwiritsidwira ntchito.
• Chitsimikizo cha ndalama zomwe zasungidwa kapena zomwe zasungidwa ku banki, komanso nthawi yomwe ziyenera kuperekedwa.
• Zigawo zina zowonjezera: gawo la zaka, gawo la momwe zinthu zilili, gawo la asbestos, kapena chimodzi cholembedwa kuti wogulitsa sanakhalepo kumeneko.
• Zolepheretsa: magawo a anthu, maudindo a khalidwe ndi zoletsa za boma.

Unikani chikalatacho musanasainire: nthawi yoziziritsa ikatha ndipo zinthu zitatha, zomwe zili mu chikalatacho ndi pangano lanu.

Nthawi yokhazikika yovomerezeka ndi lamulo

Wogula nyumba payekha ali ndi nthawi yokhazikika ya masiku atatu yomwe kugulako kungathetsedwe (art. 7:2 BW).

• Zimayamba tsiku lotsatira pamene chikalata chosainidwa, kapena kopi, chaperekedwa kwa inu. Pemphani risiti yolembedwa ndi tsiku.
• Ziwiri mwa zitatuzi siziyenera kukhala Loweruka, Lamlungu kapena tchuthi chodziwika bwino; apo ayi tsiku lina limawonjezedwa.
• Palibe chifukwa choperekera ndipo palibe malipiro omwe amalipidwa. Zimateteza wogula yekha; wogulitsayo alibe ufulu wofanana nawo.
• Sungunulani mwa kulemba, ndipo onetsetsani kuti chidziwitsocho chaperekedwa kufika wogulitsa kapena wothandizira wogulitsa mkati mwa nthawi — yotumizidwa tsiku lomaliza koma yolandiridwa pambuyo pake yachedwa kwambiri.

Conditions precedent (ontbindende voorwaarden)

Zinthu zomwe zimayambika ndi njira zothawira zomwe zavomerezedwa mu chikalata - chitetezo chamtengo wapatali kwambiri cha wogula, komanso chinthu choyamba chomwe chimatayidwa pamsika wampikisano. Kuwalola kuti apambane mpikisano wopereka mavoti kumasandutsa kugula kosalipidwa kukhala udindo waumwini wa pafupifupi 10 peresenti ya mtengo.

Mkhalidwe wa ndalama

• Konzani nthawi yomaliza. Masabata anayi mpaka asanu ndi limodzi ndi ofala; wobwereketsa ndalama zakunja kapena ntchito yoyeserera angafunike nthawi yayitali.
• Tchulani ndalamazo, ndipo ngati n'kotheka, mfundo zomwe ndalamazo ziyenera kuperekedwa.
• Chikalata cha chitsanzo nthawi zambiri chimafuna kuti pempho likhale zolembedwa: chidziwitso cholembedwa, pakapita nthawi, chothandizidwa ndi kukana kolembedwa kwa obwereketsa. Mawu osachirikizidwa akuti ndalama zalephera nthawi zambiri amakanidwa.
• Ngati tsiku lomaliza silinafike, pemphani kuti mulembe nthawi yowonjezera pamaso Imatha ntchito ndipo imalandira mgwirizano wolembedwa ndi wogulitsa. Chete si nthawi yowonjezera.

Mkhalidwe wa kafukufuku wa kapangidwe kake

Izi zimakulolani kuthetsa, kapena kukambirananso, ngati kafukufuku akuwonetsa ndalama zokonzera zomwe zili pamwamba pa malire omwe mwagwirizana. Zinthu ziwiri ziyenera kukhala zolondola: malire, ndi ndalama zomwe zimawerengedwa - vuto lowerengera kukonza "kofunikira nthawi yomweyo" ndi locheperapo kuposa limodzi lowerengera zolakwika zonse zomwe zapezeka.

Chitsimikizo cha ngongole ya dziko lonse

Chitsimikizo cha Ngongole ya Dziko ( Nationale Hypotheek Garantie , NHG) chimachepetsa chiopsezo cha wobwereketsa komanso chiwongola dzanja, ndipo chimateteza wobwereketsa ku ngongole yotsala m'mikhalidwe yodziwika bwino. Ngongole yayikulu yomwe ingatsimikizidwe, mtunda wokwera womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito pomwe njira zosungira mphamvu zimathandizidwa nayo, ndipo ndalama zolipirira kamodzi zimakhazikitsidwa chaka chilichonse ndi Stichting Waarborgfonds Eigen Woningen ndikufalitsidwa patsamba lake; funsani wobwereketsa wanu kuti akuuzeni ziwerengero zomwe zilipo pa tsiku lomwe mwalemba fomu yanu. Chifukwa NHG imagwira ntchito ku ngongole osati nyumba, wogula amene amadalira ayenera kupanga kugula malinga ndi kupeza ndalama ndi NHG, osati kungopeza ndalama zokha.

Kaya pali vuto liti, lamulo ndi lomwelo: ligwiritseni ntchito nthawi yake, polemba, mu mawonekedwe omwe panganolo lapereka. Lamulo loperekedwa molakwika silili lofunika kwenikweni.

Chitsimikizo cha banki kapena ndalama zolipirira

Chikalatachi nthawi zambiri chimafuna kuti, mkati mwa nthawi yomwe yatchulidwa pambuyo poti zinthu zatha, mulipire ndalama mu akaunti ya kasitomala wa notary kapena kupereka chitsimikizo cha banki. Pangano la kugula la NVM, VBO, VastgoedPRO ndi Vereniging Eigen Huis limakhazikitsa chiwerengerocho pa 10% ya mtengo wogula . Chitsimikizo chimaperekedwa ndi banki yanu kuti mulandire ndalama ndipo chimapewa kusunga ndalama; chosungiracho chimasungidwa ndi notary ndipo chimalipidwa pamtengo womwe umasamutsidwa. Chilichonse chimateteza chilango chomwe mungakhale nacho mukalephera kumaliza. Kuchiphonya ndi kuswa lamulo, ndipo ndi nthawi yomaliza yomwe ogula ndalama ochokera kunja nthawi zambiri samachiphonya.

Kafukufuku, kuulula zinthu ndi udindo wanu wofufuza

Lamulo la ku Netherlands limapereka misonkho kwa mbali zonse ziwiri. Wogulitsa ayenera kupereka katundu wogwirizana ndi mgwirizano ndipo woyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati nyumba (art. 7:17 BW), ndipo ayenera kusamutsa katunduyo popanda ndalama zapadera ndi zoletsa zina kupatula zomwe mwavomereza (art. 7:15 BW). Ayenera kuulula zomwe akudziwa zokhudza katunduyo.

Pachifukwa chimenecho pali udindo wa wogula kufufuza. Zolakwika zomwe mukanatha kuzipeza poyang'ana, kufunsa kapena kuyitanitsa kafukufuku, nthawi zambiri, ndiye vuto lanu. Udindo wowulula nthawi zambiri umakhala wolimba kwambiri pamene wogulitsa amadziwa za cholakwika ndipo sananene chilichonse, koma osakonzekera kupambana mkanganowo. M'malo mwake, fufuzani: funsani kafukufuku, werengani mafunso a wogulitsa ndi dongosolo la chilengedwe, ndipo funsani mapepala a bungwe la eni nyumba.

Zigawo ziwiri zimasamutsa chiopsezo kwa wogula. Chigawo cha zaka ( ouderdomsclausule ), chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi nyumba zakale, chimachepetsa udindo wa wogulitsa kotero kuti muvomereze miyezo yomanga ndi kukonza ya nthawi ya nyumbayo; mawuwo ndi ofunikira, chifukwa mitundu ina imapitirira zolakwika zokhudzana ndi ukalamba. Chigawo cha momwe zilili chimagulitsa malowo momwe alili panopa ndipo udindo wa wogulitsa sunachotsedwe malinga ndi lamulo, nthawi zambiri umaphatikizidwa ndi chiganizo cholembedwa kuti wogulitsa sanakhalepo kumeneko. Mukawona chimodzi mwa izi, kafukufuku amasiya kukhala wosankha.

Ngati chilema chapezeka mutatumiza katundu, dziwitsani wogulitsayo nthawi yomweyo. Art. 7:23 BW imafuna kuti wogula adandaule mkati mwa nthawi yoyenera ( bekwame tijd ) yakupeza chilemacho, kapena nthawi yomwe ayenera kuti anachipeza; nthawi yokhazikika ya miyezi iwiri ya nkhaniyi imagwira ntchito pa kugula katundu wosunthika kwa ogula, osati pa kugula nyumba, kotero palibe milungu yodalirika yoti mudalire. Wogula amene akudikira amataya pempholo.

Notary, chikalata chosinthira katundu ndi nthawi yolandira umwini

Katundu wa ku Netherlands sangasamutsidwe mwachinsinsi. Umwini umaperekedwa pokhapokha ngati chikalata chovomerezeka cha kusamutsa katundu chaperekedwa ndi notary wa malamulo aboma chomwe chakhazikitsidwa ku Netherlands, kenako ndikulembetsa m'mabuku aboma omwe amasungidwa ndi Land Registry (art. 3:89 BW). Kusamutsa kumafunanso umwini wovomerezeka ndi wogulitsa yemwe ali ndi mphamvu zogulitsa (art. 3:84 BW).

Ntchito ya notary ndi komwe chitetezo chanu chachikulu chili:

• Amafufuza m'ma register kuti atsimikizire umwini wa wogulitsayo ndikupeza ngongole za nyumba, zomangira, zipatala ndi zoletsa — kubwereza izi tsiku losaina komanso pambuyo polembetsa.
• Kutsimikizira kuti ndinu ndani komanso komwe ndalama zanu zachokera motsatira malamulo oletsa kusamba ndalama.
• Amalemba chikalata chosinthira ndalama, ndipo ngati mukubwereka, chikalata chosungira ngongole ya nyumba, ndikupereka chikalata chomaliza.
• Amaonetsetsa kuti ngongole za nyumba zomwe zilipo zachotsedwa, amatumiza ndalama kwa wogulitsa pokhapokha ngati kulembetsa kwatsimikizika, ndikulipira msonkho wosamutsa.

Mumakhala mwiniwake mukalembetsa chikalatacho — osati posainira, komanso polipira. Wogula nthawi zambiri amasankha notary, chifukwa wogula amalipira. Sankhani: ndalama zimasiyana, ndipo notary yemwe ankagwira ntchito mu Chingerezi ndi woyenera kupeza.

ndalama

Nyumba zomwe zilipo nthawi zambiri zimagulitsidwa kosten koper (kk): wogula amanyamula ndalama zosamutsira pamwamba pa mtengo. Nyumba yatsopano nthawi zambiri imakhala vrij op naam (von), ndipo ikuphatikizidwa. Chinthu chachikulu ndi msonkho wosamutsira ( overdrachtsbelasting ). Pali njira zinayi zomwe zilipo: kuchotsera kamodzi kokha kwa wogula koyamba mkati mwa gulu la zaka zomwe zimakhala m'nyumbamo ndipo kugula kwake kumakhala pansi pa mtengo wapamwamba; mtengo wotsika wa nyumba yomwe mudzatenga nokha ngati nyumba yanu yayikulu; mtengo wapamwamba wa nyumba yomwe simudzakhalamo, monga nyumba yatchuthi kapena yobwereketsa; ndi mtengo wamba wa katundu wina wosasuntha. Mitengo, gulu la zaka ndi mtengo wake zili mu Wet op belastingen van rechtsverkeer, zimasinthidwa ndi nyumba yamalamulo mu phukusi la msonkho wapachaka, ndipo zimafalitsidwa ndi Belastingdienst; onani chiwerengero chomwe chikugwiritsidwa ntchito pa tsiku losamutsira osati tsiku la mgwirizano, ndipo tengani kuchokera kwa mlangizi wanu wamisonkho. Mtengo wa nyumba zomwe sizinagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati nyumba yayikulu unachepetsedwa kuyambira pa 1 Januwale 2026, kotero chidule chakale chikuwonetsa chiwerengero chokwera.

Komanso konzekerani bajeti ya ndalama za notary pa kusamutsa ndi zikalata zogulira nyumba; ndalama zolembetsera Land Registry pa chikalata chilichonse, zomwe zimakhazikitsidwa chaka chilichonse ndi Kadaster; mtengo wake; kafukufuku; ndalama za NHG; upangiri wa ngongole ya nyumba; ndi ndalama za wothandizira wogula.

Mabungwe a malo obwereketsa ndi eni ake

Lendi ya malo (erfpacht). M'mbali zina za Amsterdam Ndipo mizinda ina mumagula nyumbayo ndi lendi yayitali ya malowo, osati malowo okha: ufulu wogwiritsa ntchito, malinga ndi malamulo ndi lendi ya pansi yomwe ingakonzedwe, kusinthidwa nthawi ndi nthawi, kapena kugulidwa kosatha. Werengani malamulo ndi njira yosinthira musanapereke bid - kukonzanso komwe kumayenera kuchitika nthawi yomweyo mutagula kungakhale kokwera mtengo.

Mabungwe a eni nyumba ( Vereniging van Eigenaars , VvE). Kugula nyumba kumatanthauza kugula nyumba moyenera, ndipo umembala ndi wokhazikika komanso wofunikira. Musanasayine, pezani chikalata chogawa nyumba, malamulo amkati, mphindi zaposachedwa, maakaunti, ndalama zosungira ndalama ndi dongosolo lililonse losamalira, ndikuwona ngati ntchito zazikulu zathetsedwa koma sizinalipidwe. Bungwe lopanda ndalama zokwanira ndi udindo womwe mumalandira.

Ngati wogulitsa sakuchita bwino

Nthawi yoziziritsa ikadutsa ndipo zinthu zitatha, mgwirizano umamanga mbali zonse ziwiri. Ngati wogulitsa akana kusamutsa pa tsiku lomwe mwagwirizana, chitsanzo chokhazikika chimapereka njira yothetsera vutoli: kupereka chidziwitso cholembedwa chololeza nthawi yochepa yomwe mgwirizano umapereka; ngati sakugwirabe ntchito, kusungunula ndikupempha chilango, kapena kufuna kuti ntchito ichitike ndikupempha chilango cha tsiku ndi tsiku chifukwa cha kuchedwako. Chilango nthawi zambiri chimakhala 10% ya mtengo wogulira - ndichifukwa chake ndalama zomwe zasungidwa zimayikidwa pa chiwerengero chimenecho.

Njira yomweyi imagwira ntchito motsutsana nanu: wogula amene sangathe kumaliza, popanda chifukwa chomveka chopempha, adzalandira chilango chimenecho, ndipo notary ndiye amene akusunga ndalamazo. Landirani upangiri poyamba, nthawi yomaliza idzaphonya.

Ndondomeko ya nthawi pang'onopang'ono