Kusudzulana kumakhala kovuta kwambiri kokha. Koma pamene okwatirana onse akale ayamba ubale watsopano ndikukhala ndi ana m'mabanja atsopanowo, funso lakuti ndani amalipira mwana uti limakhala lovuta kwambiri. M'mabanja osakanikirana, anthu angapo nthawi imodzi angakhale ndi udindo wosamalira ana osiyanasiyana. Kodi khoti limagawa bwanji katundu wa ndalama umenewo? Ndipo kwenikweni zikutanthauza chiyani pa chikwama chanu?

Nkhaniyi ikufotokoza momwe kusamalira ana kumagwirira ntchito m'mabanja osakanikirana, omwe - kupatula kholo lenilenilo - angafunike kukakamizidwa mwalamulo kupereka ndalama, ndi momwe khothi limagawira ndalama zomwe zilipo pamene pali anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi udindo.

Ndani Ali ndi Ufulu Wosamalira Mwana?

Lamuloli limaika udindo waukulu pa ndalama zosamalira ndi kulera kwa makolo. Zimenezo zikumveka zomveka, koma 'kholo' lili ndi tanthauzo lalikulu m'malamulo kuposa kholo lobadwa nalo kapena lovomerezeka. Malinga ndi Nkhani 1:404 ya Dutch Civil Code , makolo onse awiri ali ndi udindo wopereka ndalama zosamalira ndi kulera ana awo mogwirizana ndi momwe alili ndi ndalama. Udindo umenewo umapitirira mpaka mwanayo atakwanitsa zaka 21.

Makolo opeza nawonso akhoza kukhala ndi udindo wosamalira mwana. Nkhani 1:395 ya Dutch Civil Code imati munthu amene amakhala ndi kholo limodzi ndipo akutenga nawo mbali polera mwana wa kholo limenelo ayenera kupereka ndalama zothandizira mwana panthawi yomwe amakhala limodzi. Udindo umenewo nthawi zambiri umatha pamene ubale ndi kholo limodzi watha. Ngati wina agwiritsa ntchito mphamvu za makolo pamodzi ndi kholo limodzi, udindo wosamalira mwana umapitirira mpaka mwanayo atakwanitsa zaka 21 ( Nkhani 1:253w Civil Code )

M'mabanja osakanikirana, izi zitha kutanthauza kuti mwana amakhala ndi anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi udindo nthawi imodzi: bambo wobereka, mayi wobereka, ndi kholo lopeza lomwe limakhala ndi kholo losamalira. Aliyense wa iwo amapereka ndalama zake mogwirizana ndi zomwe ali nazo, ndipo izi zimapangitsa kuti pakhale vuto la kuwerengera ndalama lomwe nthawi zambiri limayambitsa mikangano m'khoti.

Kodi Kuchuluka kwa Ndalama Kumagawidwa Bwanji?

Mfundo Yogwirizana

Ngati anthu angapo ali ndi udindo wosamalira ana omwewo kapena osiyana, Nkhani 6:10 ya Dutch Civil Code imati aliyense amapereka ndalama zake molingana ndi gawo lake. Kutanthauziridwa kuti kusamalira ana: mphamvu zomwe zilipo zimagawidwa pakati pa ana onse molingana ndi zosowa zawo. Ngati muli ndi ana atatu - awiri ochokera muukwati wanu woyamba ndi mmodzi wochokera muubwenzi wanu wapano - mwana aliyense ali ndi udindo wofanana ndi gawo la mphamvu zanu.

Khoti Lalikulu la ku Netherlands likutsimikizira izi ngati poyambira, ponena kuti mphamvu zachuma zomwe zilipo zimagawidwa mofanana pakati pa ana onse ochokera m'maubwenzi osiyanasiyana, pokhapokha ngati zifukwa zapadera zikugwirizana ndi kugawa kosiyana ( ECLI:NL:PHR:2026:112 ; ECLI:NL:HR:2023:1480 ). Zifukwa zilizonse zapadera zomwe zanenedwa ziyenera kutsimikiziridwa motsimikiza.

Njira Yogawanitsira Poyerekeza mu Machitidwe

Makhothi m'milandu yosakanikirana ya mabanja amagwiritsa ntchito kwambiri njira yotchedwa kugawa kofanana. Pogwiritsa ntchito njira imeneyi, kufunikira kwa mwana aliyense kumayamba kwadziwika. Ndalama zonse zomwe zimapezedwa ndi onse omwe ali ndi udindo zimawerengedwa ndipo ndalama zomwe zimapezedwa zimagawidwa molingana. Khothi silimangoyang'ana ndalama za makolo enieni okha komanso za makolo opeza omwe ali ndi udindo wopereka ndalama mwalamulo ( ECLI:NL:RBGEL:2025:10842 ; ECLI:NL:GHMS:2025:2989 )

Ngati deta ya ndalama ya munthu mmodzi amene ali ndi ngongoleyo sikupezeka - chifukwa chakuti mnzake wakale wakana kugwirizana naye kapena walephera kuulula zambiri - khothi likhoza kuwerengera kapena kugwiritsa ntchito njira yogawa ndalama. Kusakhalapo kwa deta si njira yaulere.

Bwanji Ngati Bwenzi Lanu Latsopano Lilinso ndi Ana?

Mabanja osakanikirana nthawi zambiri samakhala osavuta. Nthawi zambiri anthu atsopano amabereka ana ochokera m'maubwenzi akale komanso kukhala ndi ana pamodzi. M'mikhalidwe yotere, kuwerengera ndalama kumatha kukhala nkhani yovuta kwambiri. Mwana aliyense ali ndi zosowa zake, kholo lililonse lili ndi luso lake, ndipo khoti liyenera kulinganiza zonsezo.

Malamulo a milandu akusonyeza kuti makhothi m'milandu yotereyi amaphatikizapo onse omwe ali ndi udindo ndi ndalama zawo powerengera ( ECLI:NL:RBDHA:2025:26691 ). Dongosololi lapangidwa kuti liwonetsetse kuti ana ochokera m'maubwenzi akale komanso atsopano akuchitiridwa mofanana. Mwana sayenera kukhala woipa kwambiri chifukwa kholo lake lamanga banja latsopano.

Kodi Kusamalira Ana Kungasinthidwe Liti?

Kusamalira ana sikunakhazikitsidwe mwalamulo. Lamulo limalola kuti ndalama zomwe khoti linalamula zisinthidwe kapena kuchotsedwa zinthu zikasintha. Izi zingaphatikizepo kusintha kwa ndalama zomwe amapeza, kusintha kwa chisamaliro, kapena kubwera kwa ana atsopano omwe amapemphanso ndalama za wolipirayo.

Malinga ndi Article 1:401 ya Dutch Civil Code , lamulo la khothi lokhudza kusamalira ana lingasinthidwe ngati kusintha kwa zinthu kukutanthauza kuti sikukukwaniritsanso miyezo yalamulo. Mlingo ndi kusintha 'koyenera': si kusinthasintha kulikonse kwa ndalama komwe kumathandizira kuti milandu ichitike. Khothi lilinso ndi ufulu wosankha tsiku loyambira kusintha kulikonse ndipo lidzakhala losamala pamene maguluwo akhala pansi pa mgwirizano womwe ulipo kwa nthawi yayitali.

Lamulo la pachaka lokhazikitsa malamulo okhudza kusamalira ana likugwira ntchito kuyambira pa 1 Januwale pambuyo pa chigamulocho ndipo silingagwiritsidwe ntchito mobwerezabwereza ( ECLI:NL:HR:2025:1165 )

Kodi Udindo Umatha Liti?

Udindo wosamalira mwana umatha chifukwa cha lamulo pamene mwanayo wakwanitsa zaka 21. Kwa ana osakwana zaka 18 ukhoza kutha msanga ngati mwanayo ali ndi ndalama zokwanira zoti akwaniritse zosowa zawo. Mwana wamkulu akakwanitsa zaka 18 akhoza kupempha khothi yekha ngati makolo ake sapereka mwaufulu.

Nthawi yocheperako yokhazikitsa malamulo okhudza kusamalira ana ndi yofunika kwambiri: motsatira Article 1:408 ya Dutch Civil Code , malamulowa akhoza kuthetsedwa ngati palibe malamulo omwe anachitika mkati mwa zaka khumi mwanayo atakwanitsa zaka 21. Izi zikutanthauza kuti ngongole za kusamalira ana zimatha kubwezedwa mpaka zaka khumi mwana atakwanitsa zaka 21.

Malangizo Othandiza

Ngati mukukumana ndi mkangano wokhudza kusamalira ana m'banja losakanikirana, poyambira ndikuwonetsetsa kuti pali zambiri zonse zokhudzana ndi zachuma: ndalama zomwe mumapeza, za mnzanu wakale, ndi - ngati kuli koyenera - za mnzanu watsopano komanso udindo uliwonse wosamalira ana ena. Chithunzi cha zachuma chikawonekera bwino, kuwerengerako kumakhala kodalirika kwambiri.

Ngati simungathe kugwirizana, mutha kupempha kukhothi kuti likhazikitse kapena kusintha chisamaliro cha ana ( Nkhani 1:406 Civil Code ). Ganiziraninso za mkhalapakati: m'mabanja osakanikirana, yankho lolimba komanso logwirizana nthawi zambiri limakhala lofunika kwambiri kuposa lamulo la khothi lomwe limaletsa magulu otsutsana.

Kodi muli ndi mafunso okhudza vuto lanu?

Kodi muli ndi mafunso okhudza kusamalira ana m'banja lanu, kapena mukufuna kumvetsetsa ufulu wanu ndi udindo wanu m'banja losakanikirana? Maloya a zamalamulo a mabanja ku Law & More Tili pano kuti tikuthandizeni. Lumikizanani nafe pa lawandmore.nl.

Malamulo oyenera: Nkhani 1:395 • Nkhani 1:404 • Nkhani 1:253w • Nkhani 1:401 • Nkhani 1:406 • Nkhani 1:408 • Nkhani 6:10 Dutch Civil Code