Kukhazikitsa kampani ku Netherlands: momwe mungasankhire loya

Loya amene mukufuna kuti alowe mumsika wa ku Netherlands si amene angakhazikitse kampani yachinsinsi (BV) mwachangu kwambiri: kukhazikitsidwa ndi notary wa malamulo a boma nthawi zambiri kumatenga masiku ambiri ndipo kumafuna ndalama zokwana €0.01 zokha. Sankhani mlangizi amene akufunsani kuti bungweli ndi la chiyani, akukuuzani moona mtima ngati mukufuna BV, ndipo akuwona zotsatira za ntchito, kusamuka ndi mgwirizano wa kampani zomwe mwasankha.

Nchifukwa chiyani kapangidwe kake kamabwera kasanayambe kukhazikitsidwa?

Chifukwa zisankho zodula zimapangidwa mlungu woyamba. Ndani amasaina m'malo mwa kampaniyo mu kaundula wa Chamber of Commerce (KvK), momwe magawo a oyambitsa amagwirira ntchito, komanso ngati munthu woyamba kulembedwa ntchito ku Netherlands ndi wantchito kapena kontrakitala zonse zikutsatira dongosolo, ndipo zimakhala zovuta kuzisintha patatha zaka ziwiri.

BV, nthambi, kapena palibe chomwe chilipo?

Kampani ya besloten vennootschap (BV) ndi kampani yodziwika bwino yachinsinsi ya ku Dutch. Ndi munthu wovomerezeka payekha, omwe ali ndi magawo sali ndi udindo woposa zomwe amapereka, ndipo ndalama zochepa zomwe amagawana ndi 1 eurocent. Imaphatikizidwa ndi notary wa malamulo aboma ku Dutch pogwiritsa ntchito chikalata cha notarial (Article 2:175 BW) kenako n’kulembetsedwa ku Chamber of Commerce (KvK).

Nthambi ya kampani yanu yakunja si munthu wovomerezeka payekha: kholo limakhala ndi udindo, ndipo nthambiyo imalembetsedwa ndi KvK popanda notary. Ikhoza kukhala yankho lolondola la ofesi yoyimira kapena malo ogulitsira koyamba, ndipo ikhoza kukhala yankho lolakwika mukangotenga chiopsezo cha m'deralo kapena antchito am'deralo.

Ndipo nthawi zina yankho silikhalapo. Ngati mukuyesa msika kudzera mwa wogulitsa kapena wothandizira, pangano lolembedwa bwino lingathe kugwira ntchito popanda bungwe - ngakhale kuti malamulo a bungwe la ku Netherlands ndi ku Europe amapatsa othandizira amalonda ufulu wothetsa ntchito womwe ndi wofunika kumvetsetsa musanasainire.

Kodi kulowetsedwa kumatanthauza chiyani muzochita?

Wolembetsa amafunika kudziwika kwa oyambitsa ndi eni ake opindulitsa kwambiri, zolemba za bungwe, ndi tsatanetsatane wa otsogolera oyamba. Oyambitsa omwe si nzika nthawi zambiri amatha kulembetsa ndi mphamvu ya loya popanda kuyenda. Pambuyo polembetsa, kampaniyo imalembetsedwa ndi KvK, ndipo eni ake opindulitsa kwambiri ayenera kulembetsedwa mu kaundula wa UBO. Popeza lamulo la 2025 loletsa mwayi wopeza ma UBO registers, kaundulayo salinso wotseguka kwa anthu onse: mwayi wopeza ndi wochepa kwa akuluakulu oyenerera, mabungwe omwe akuchita kafukufuku wa makasitomala, magulu omwe angasonyeze chidwi chovomerezeka, ndi anthu olembetsedwa okha.

Kodi muyenera kuyang'ana chiyani kwa mlangizi?

Funani mlangizi amene amagwirizanitsa chikalatacho ndi malamulo a kampani, ntchito, kusamukira kudziko lina ndi misonkho. Mfundo zisanu ndi chimodzi zikusonyeza ngati zili choncho:

1. Amafunsa kuti chinthucho ndi cha chiyani

Kapangidwe ka kampani, kampani yogwira ntchito, olemba ntchito gulu la ku Netherlands, gulu logwira ntchito ndi makasitomala a EU — izi zimabweretsa mayankho osiyanasiyana. Mlangizi amene amalemba mawu a "BV" popanda kufunsa akulemba mawu a fomu, osati upangiri.

2. Amadziwa bwino zomwe notary amachita, komanso zomwe sachita

Notary wa malamulo aboma ndiye amene amasunga chikalatacho ndipo ali ndi udindo wopanda tsankho. Notary si mlangizi wanu pa mgwirizano wa eni masheya, kupereka, kapena mapangano a ntchito. Kumvetsetsa kuti kugawa ntchito kumateteza oyambitsa kuti asaganize kuti kukhazikitsidwa kwathunthu kumatanthauza kuti dongosololi lawunikidwanso.

3. Amasamalira ntchito ndi kusamukira kudziko lina, kapena amanena momveka bwino kuti sachita zimenezo

Kulemba ntchito koyamba kwa anthu aku Netherlands kumabweretsa pangano lolembedwa la ntchito, nthawi yoyeserera yomwe imagwira ntchito motsatira malire a Article 7:652 BW, nthawi zodziwitsira, penshoni, ndi — kwa ogwira ntchito omwe si a EU — othandizira. Ngati mukufuna kubweretsa antchito ochokera kunja kwa EU, kampaniyo iyenera kudziwika ngati wothandizira (erkend referent) ndi IND, njira yoyenera kuyamba msanga osati pambuyo pa kalata yopereka.

4. Amatchula malipiro a director musanadabwe nawo

Wotsogolera yemwenso ali ndi gawo lalikulu la magawo amatsatira malamulo achikhalidwe a malipiro aku Dutch (gebruikelijkloonregeling, Article 12a ya Wage Tax Act 1964); mu 2026 chiwerengero chodziwika ndi €58,000 pachaka. Oyambitsa omwe akukonzekera kulandira malipiro ochepa kapena osalandira malipiro aliwonse pachaka ayenera kudziwa izi poyamba, ndikutsatira malangizo amisonkho makamaka.

5. Amakweza udindo wa msonkho wa wantchito wobwerayo molondola

Ndondomeko ya anthu ochokera kunja, yomwe kale inkadziwika kuti chigamulo cha 30%, imalola wantchito woyenerera kulandira gawo la malipiro ake kwaulere. Pa zigamulo zomwe zinayamba pasanafike 1 Januwale 2024, zimakhalabe pa 30% kwa nthawi yonse. Pa zigamulo zomwe zinayamba pa tsiku limenelo kapena pambuyo pake, 30% ikupitirira mpaka 2026 ndipo imatsika kufika pa 27% kuyambira pa 1 Januwale 2027, ndipo malire a malipiro akukwera nthawi yomweyo. Mlangizi aliyense amene akunena kuti "30% kwa zaka zisanu" mu 2026 akugwira ntchito kuchokera kuzinthu zakale.

6. Amaika mgwirizano wa eni masheya panjira yofunika kwambiri

Buku lachiwiri la Dutch Civil Code (BW) silipereka chilolezo kwa oyambitsa, kukoka ndi kuyika chizindikiro, kuthetsa kusamvana, kapena njira yosiya ntchito. Siyani chikalatacho mpaka chitatha kutsegulidwa ndipo chikakambidwa oyambitsawo akangoyamba kale kukangana - nthawi yoyipa kwambiri.

Ndi maudindo ati omwe amatsatira pambuyo pa kukhazikitsidwa?

Maudindo anayi omwe ali mu Buku 2 BW ndi lamulo la ntchito ku Netherlands nthawi zambiri amakhudza anthu atsopano:

• Udindo wa otsogolera. Wotsogolera wa ku Netherlands ali ndi mlandu ku kampaniyo chifukwa cha kayendetsedwe kosayenera (Nkhani 2:9 BW), ndipo pakagwa bankirapuse, malirewo amakhala otsika kuposa momwe oyambitsa ambiri amayembekezera (Nkhani 2:248 BW).
• Kulemba. Maakaunti apachaka ayenera kuperekedwa ku KvK, patatha miyezi khumi ndi iwiri kuchokera pamene chaka chachuma chatha (Nkhani 2:394 BW). Kupereka mochedwa kumapangitsa kuti pakhale kuganiza kuti palibe kayendetsedwe koyenera pakagwa bankirapuse (Nkhani 2:248(2) BW).
• Bungwe la Ntchito. Kuchokera kwa antchito makumi asanu, bungwe la ntchito limakhala lokakamizidwa motsatira Nkhani 2 ya Works Councils Act (WOR), yokhala ndi upangiri ndi ufulu wovomereza zomwe zimakhudza kukonzanso ndi momwe ntchito ikuyendera.
• Kuchotsedwa ntchito kumafuna malo. Palibe kuchotsedwa ntchito “mwakufuna”: Malamulo aku Dutch amafuna maziko okhazikitsidwa ndi lamulo komanso njira yodutsa mu UWV kapena khoti lachigawo, ndipo kuchotsedwa ntchito kumawonjezeka kuyambira tsiku loyamba.

Kodi muyenera kufunsa chiyani musanapemphe mlangizi?

Funsani mafunso awa musanasainire kalata yolonjeza ukwati kapena kulangiza notary:

• Popeza tikuchita zomwe tikuchita ku Netherlands, kodi mungapange bungwe pakali pano?
• Kodi mtengo wanu wolembetsa kampani uli ndi chiyani ndi womwe suli nawo - makamaka, kodi mgwirizano wa eni masheya uli mkati kapena kunja kwake?
• Kodi mudzalembanso mapangano oyamba a ntchito, ndipo kodi mungathe kuthandizira ndikulembetsa kampaniyo ku IND?
• Ndani amasaina kampaniyo pambuyo pokhazikitsa, ndipo tingachepetse bwanji ulamuliro umenewo pakulembetsa KvK?
• Kodi nyumbayi idzakhala yovuta bwanji ngati titapeza ndalama zokwana madola atatu kapena kuigulitsa patatha zaka zitatu?

Kodi tingakuchitireni chiyani poyambitsa kampani?

athu maloya amakampani upangiri kwa makampani akunja ndi oyambitsa omwe akulowa ku Netherlands, kuyambira Eindhoven ndi Amsterdam, mu Chingerezi ndi Chidatchi:

• Timalangiza za kusankha pakati pa BV, nthambi kapena mgwirizano wogawa kapena bungwe.
• Timakonza zolemba za mgwirizano ndikugwirizanitsa chikalata ndi notary wanu.
• Timalemba mgwirizano wa eni masheya, kuphatikizapo kupereka ndalama, kusiya ntchito ndi zinthu zoti achite nthawi yayitali.
• Timalemba mapangano oyamba a ntchito ndikuyang'anira fomu yopempha kuti munthu azilandira thandizo lovomerezeka.
• Timakuuzani nkhani ikafunika mlangizi wa misonkho: kukonza misonkho padziko lonse lapansi si gawo la machitidwe athu.

Chidule

• Kukhazikitsa BV kumatenga masiku ambiri; zisankho zomwe zimaipanga (cholinga cha bungwe, umwini, kulembedwa ntchito koyamba) ziyenera kukhala patsogolo.
• Nthambi kapena mgwirizano wogawa zinthu ungakhale woyenera bwino mpaka mutatenga chiopsezo cha m'deralo kapena antchito.
• Onerani malipiro achizolowezi a eni magawo a director (€58,000 a 2026) ndi chigamulo cha expat, chomwe chatsika kuchoka pa 30% kufika pa 27% pa 1 Januwale 2027 pa zigamulo zomwe zinayamba kuyambira 2024.
• Otsogolera akukumana ndi mlandu motsatira Nkhani 2:9 ndi 2:248 BW, ndipo kulembetsa mochedwa maakaunti apachaka kumapangitsa kuti anthu aziganiza kuti sakuyang'anira bwino.
• Kaundula wa UBO sulinso wotseguka kwa anthu onse, koma kulembetsa kukupitirirabe kukhala kokakamiza.

MAFUNSO OFUNSIDWA KAWIRIKAWIRI