Aliyense amene amagawa magetsi kudzera mu netiweki yakeyake pa malo a mafakitale, doko, sukulu kapena malo ochitira bizinesi ayenera choyamba kuyankha funso limodzi lofunika kwambiri lalamulo: kodi netiweki iyi ndi chiyani kwenikweni? M'malo mwake, anthu amatchula mwachangu netiweki yachinsinsi, koma mwalamulo mawu amenewo satanthauza zambiri. Chofunikira kwambiri ndichakuti kaya ikukhudza njira yogawa yotsekedwa, mzere wolunjika kapena kungoyika. Ndi gulu lomwelo lomwe limasankha lamulo lomwe limagwira ntchito, maudindo omwe amagwira ntchito kwa anthu ogwirizana komanso malo ochulukirapo ogwiritsira ntchito makinawo payekha.
Malinga ndi Energy Act (Energiewet), njira yogawa yotsekedwa, kapena CDS mwachidule, ikadali chida chofunikira kwambiri pa zomangamanga zamagetsi zotsekedwa. Nthawi yomweyo, CDS si netiweki yamkati yosalamulirika. Ndi njira yogawa yovomerezeka mwalamulo mkati mwa malo odziwika, komwe njira yapadera imagwiritsidwa ntchito. Njira imeneyi imapereka kusinthasintha poyerekeza ndi kayendetsedwe ka gridi nthawi zonse, koma mkati mwa malire omveka bwino. Kwa ogwiritsa ntchito ma netiweki achinsinsi, ndikofunikira kukumbukira kusiyana pakati pa CDS, mzere wolunjika ndi kukhazikitsa.
Kodi CDS ndi chiyani pansi pa Energy Act?
CDS kwenikweni ndi njira yogawa magetsi mkati mwa malo odziwika bwino a mafakitale, amalonda kapena ogwirizana ndi ntchito zina, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kugawa magetsi kwa gulu lochepa la ogwiritsa ntchito. Ganizirani za gulu la mafakitale, malo olowera, malo oyendetsera zinthu kapena kampasi yokhala ndi anthu ambiri yokhala ndi zomangamanga zake zamkati zamagetsi. Chinthu chachikulu ndichakuti njirayo si yogawa kwa anthu onse kwa gulu losadziwika bwino la makasitomala, koma yogwiritsidwa ntchito mkati mwa malo otsekedwa kapena kapangidwe ka bungwe.
Chifukwa cha dongosololi n'chothandiza. M'malo ambiri awa, ogwiritsa ntchito amakhala ogwirizana paukadaulo, ntchito kapena zachuma. Kenako zomangamanga zamagetsi zimakhala gawo la bungwe lalikulu, momwe sizingagwirizane bwino kugwiritsa ntchito njira yonse yoyendetsera gridi ya anthu onse. Chifukwa chake, Lamulo la Mphamvu limapatsa malo oti pakhale njira yosiyana ya mtundu uwu wa njira yotsekedwa.
Komabe, sizikutanthauza kuti netiweki iliyonse yamkati imakhala CDS yokha. Kugawidwa sikudalira dzina lomwe maguluwa amapereka ku zomangamanga zawo, koma kutengera momwe dongosololi lilili, ntchito ya netiwekiyo, mtundu wa malo ake komanso gulu la magulu olumikizidwa. Netiweki imavomerezedwa ngati CDS pokhapokha ngati ikukwaniritsa malamulo ndi mfundo za dongosolo lotsekedwa logawa.
CDS si yofanana ndi netiweki yachinsinsi
Mwachidule, mawu oti "network yachinsinsi" nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito pofotokoza zomangamanga zonse zamagetsi zomwe sizili za woyendetsa gridi ya anthu onse. Monga mawu ogwira ntchito omwe ndi omveka, koma mwalamulo lingaliroli ndi lalikulu kwambiri. Network yachinsinsi ikhoza kukhala CDS, komanso mzere wolunjika kapena kukhazikitsa. Popanda kugawa kwina, mawuwa sanena zambiri za dongosolo lalamulo lomwe likugwira ntchito.
Apa ndi pomwe zinthu nthawi zambiri zimasokonekera. Wogwiritsa ntchito tsamba amaona netiweki yake ngati netiweki yamkati mwa kampani, pomwe mwalamulo ikhoza kukhala njira yogawa yomwe malamulo enieni amagetsi amagwirira ntchito. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, machitidwe nthawi zina amaikidwa ngati CDS mwachangu kwambiri, pomwe kukhazikitsa kwenikweni sikukugwirizana ndi zimenezo. M'zochitika zonsezi zoopsa zimachitika: kuyang'aniridwa, m'mapangano ndi ogwiritsa ntchito kapena pakukulitsa ndi kukonzanso tsamba.
Pa mgwirizano wokhazikika mwalamulo, chomwe chili chofunikira kwambiri si dzina lamalonda kapena laukadaulo la netiweki, koma funso la ntchito yomwe dongosololi limagwira komanso momwe netiwekiyo imagwiritsidwira ntchito.
CDS, mzere wolunjika ndi kukhazikitsa: kufotokozera koyenera
Kusiyana pakati pa CDS, mzere wolunjika ndi kukhazikitsa ndikofunikira kwambiri.
CDS ndi njira yogawa yotsekedwa mkati mwa malo odziwika, omwe ogwiritsa ntchito ambiri angadalire kuti apeze magetsi awo. Wogwiritsa ntchitoyo ndiye amayendetsa bwino netiweki yogawa yamkati yokhala ndi udindo wake wovomerezeka mkati mwa lamulo la mphamvu.
Mzere wolunjika uli ndi ntchito yosiyana. Umaphatikizapo kulumikizana mwachindunji pakati pa kukhazikitsa kopanga ndi kasitomala m'modzi kapena angapo. Cholinga chake sichili pakugawa mkati mwa malo, koma kulumikizana mwachindunji pakati pa kupanga ndi kugwiritsa ntchito.
Kukhazikitsa kumayimanso pafupi ndi zimenezo. Sikukhudza njira yogawa magawo angapo olumikizidwa, koma kukhazikitsa magetsi kwa gulu limodzi kumbuyo kwa kulumikizana kumodzi. Pankhaniyi, chizindikiro cha netiweki chomwe chikufunika kuti mulowe mu domain ya CDS kapena makina ogawa sichikupezeka.
Kufotokozera kumeneku nthawi zambiri kumakhala kofunikira kwambiri. Sikuti kokha pankhani ya lamulo lomwe likugwira ntchito, komanso momwe umwini, kugwiritsa ntchito, mitengo, kukulitsa ndi ngongole ziyenera kukonzedwera mogwirizana ndi mgwirizano.
Chifukwa chake kugawa magulu ndikofunikira kwambiri mwalamulo
Funso loti ngati dongosolo liyenera kukhala CDS si nkhani yoyambira maphunziro. Kugawika kwa gululi kumatsimikizira kapangidwe ka malamulo a tsamba lonselo. Kumakhudza, pakati pa zinthu zina, udindo wa wogwiritsa ntchito, ufulu wa anthu ogwirizana, mwayi wa omwe angolowa kumene, ubale ndi wogwiritsa ntchito gridi ya anthu onse komanso malo osinthira mapangano ndi mikhalidwe.
Popanda kugawa bwino, mikangano nthawi zambiri imayamba. Wogwiritsa ntchito amene amaganiza kuti amangoyang'anira netiweki yamkati akhoza kukumana ndi maudindo kwa ogwiritsa ntchito omwe sanawaganizire. Magulu ogwirizana nawo, angakhulupirire kuti ali ndi ufulu wolowa, mayendedwe kapena zinthu zowonekera, pomwe wogwiritsa ntchitoyo amadzifunsa makamaka chifukwa cha umwini ndi kasamalidwe ka malo. Zotsatira zake nthawi zambiri zimakhala kukambirana za momwe netiweki ilili mwalamulo, ngakhale zisanachitike kuti mitengo, mphamvu kapena zopempha zolumikizirana zithetsedwe.
Ichi ndichifukwa chake kusanthula kuyenera kuyamba nthawi zonse ndi kapangidwe ka dongosolo lokha: kodi netiweki ili kuti, ndani wolumikizidwa, ndi ntchito yanji yomwe netiwekiyo imagwira ntchito ndipo kodi dongosololi limakhudzana bwanji ndi makina ena onse amagetsi? Pokhapokha ngati chitsanzo chogwirira ntchito chingapangidwe mwanjira yoyenera mwalamulo.
Udindo wa woyendetsa CDS
CDS imagwera pansi pa ulamuliro wopepuka kuposa gridi yogawa anthu onse, koma sizikutanthauza kuti wogwiritsa ntchitoyo ali ndi ufulu wolamulira. Ngakhale mkati mwa CDS, maudindo amakhalabe kwa anthu ogwirizana ndipo, kutengera momwe zinthu zilili, kwa anthu omwe akufuna kulowa mu dongosololi.
Mwachidule, izi zimayang'ana kwambiri pa kusamalira mosamala zopempha zolumikizira ndi zoyendera, mikhalidwe yolunjika komanso yowonekera bwino komanso kapangidwe ka mitengo komwe kangathe kufotokozedwa komanso kutetezedwa. Izi zimafuna zambiri kuposa kungogwiritsa ntchito zingwe ndi kukhazikitsa kwaukadaulo. Wogwira ntchito wa CDS ayeneranso kukonza bwino malo ake malinga ndi malamulo: m'mapangano, m'malamulo a malo, pakugawa ndalama komanso momwe ogwiritsa ntchito osiyanasiyana amachitiridwira.
Izi ndizofunikira kwambiri chifukwa m'malo ambiri, zomangamanga zamagetsi zimakhala gawo la makonzedwe akuluakulu amalonda ndi malo. Aliyense amene ali ndi malowa sakhala ndi ufulu wogwiritsa ntchito zomangamanga zamagetsi mwakufuna kwake. CDS ikangoyamba kugwira ntchito, ntchitoyi imakhala ndi gawo la malamulo aboma lomwe limagwira ntchito mu ubale wachinsinsi pamalopo.
Kufunika kwa Energy Act pa maukonde omwe alipo komanso atsopano
Ndi Energy Act, maziko a malamulo pansi pa zomangamanga zamagetsi zotsekedwa akusintha. Mfundo yaikulu ya lingaliro la CDS ikudziwikabe, koma dongosololi lasinthidwa ndikuyikidwa mu dongosolo latsopano la malamulo. Pakuchita izi, izi ndizofunikira kwambiri chifukwa mapangidwe omwe alipo ayenera kuunikidwanso.
Ogwiritsa ntchito ma netiweki achinsinsi omwe alipo sangangoganiza kuti dongosolo lawo lamakono silikugwirizana ndi dongosolo latsopanoli. Izi sizikugwira ntchito kokha pa kapangidwe kaukadaulo ka dongosololi, komanso pakufotokozera kwa netiweki, kapangidwe ka gulu la ogwiritsa ntchito, kapangidwe ka mgwirizano ndi ubale ndi gridi ya anthu onse. Pamene zinthu nthawi zambiri zakhala zikukulirakulira m'mbuyomu, Lamulo la Mphamvu likufuna kuti pakhale maziko olimba a dongosolo lomwe lasankhidwa.
Izi zikugwiranso ntchito pa mapulojekiti atsopano. Aliyense amene akupanga zomangamanga zamagetsi za malo ochitira bizinesi, masukulu kapena magulu masiku ano angakhale wanzeru kugawa dongosololi mwalamulo kuyambira pa bolodi lokonzekera kupita mtsogolo. Kukonza pambuyo pake nthawi zambiri kumakhala kokwera mtengo komanso mwalamulo kumakhala kovuta kuposa kukonza pasadakhale.
Mgwirizano ndi gulu la anthu onse
CDS sigwira ntchito mu vacuum. Dongosolo lotsekedwa, nalonso, limalumikizidwa ku dongosolo lalikulu lamagetsi ndipo motero ku woyendetsa gridi ya anthu onse. Ndi pamalo amenewo pomwe mafunso ambiri amabuka. Ganizirani za mphamvu zoyendera pamalo osamutsira, kuchulukana kwa magetsi, kukulitsa mphamvu zolumikizira, kufalikira kwa mphamvu zogawa magetsi ndi maudindo polimbikitsa zomangamanga.
Kwa ogwiritsa ntchito, sikokwanira kungoyang'ana kapangidwe ka mkati mwa malo. Chofunikanso ndi momwe CDS imagwirizanirana ndi gridi yozungulira. Kukhazikitsa kokhazikika mwalamulo komanso kogwira ntchito kumafuna mgwirizano pakati pa ufulu wamkati wa ogwiritsa ntchito ndi zoletsa zakunja za dongosolo la anthu. Makamaka panthawi ya kuchuluka kwa gridi, iyi si nkhani yapambali koma gawo lalikulu la ntchitoyi.
Kodi mikangano imayamba kuti kwenikweni?
Mikangano yambiri yokhudza ma network achinsinsi ndi ma CDS ikhoza kutsatiridwa ndi mitu inayi yobwerezabwereza.
Choyamba, pali funso lokhudza magulu: kodi ndi CDS, mzere wolunjika kapena kukhazikitsa? Bola ngati pali kusatsimikizika pa izi, ufulu ndi maudindo ena nawonso amakhalabe ofala.
Chachiwiri, nthawi zambiri pamakhala kukambirana za mwayi wopeza ndi kulumikizana. Ogwiritsa ntchito atsopano pamalopo amafuna mwayi wopeza mphamvu zomwe zilipo kale, pomwe wogwiritsa ntchitoyo amakhulupirira kuti dongosololi silinakonzedwe chifukwa cha zimenezo kapena kuti kulowa kumabweretsa ndalama zosafunikira kapena zoletsa.
Chachitatu, pali nkhani za msonkho ndi mikhalidwe. Ogwiritsa ntchito angapo akangodalira netiweki imodzi yamkati, kukambirana kumachitika pankhani yokhudza kugawa ndalama, kuwonekera poyera komanso funso la momwe wogwiritsa ntchito angaganizire za malonda ake.
Pomaliza, mikangano imabuka pakusintha kwa malo: kugulitsa, kukonzanso, kukulitsa, kudula, kusintha kwa ogwiritsa ntchito kapena kusamutsa zomangamanga. Ndi nthawi imeneyo pomwe zimaonekeratu ngati netiwekiyo yakhazikitsidwa bwino mwalamulo kapena yakula kwambiri.
Phunziro lothandiza pamsika
Pa msika, phunziro lofunika kwambiri ndilakuti mawu akuti "private network" sikokwanira poyambira. Funso lofunika nthawi zonse ndilakuti ngati kapangidwe kake ka dongosololi kakugwirizana ndi dongosolo la CDS kapena ngati china chake chikugwira ntchito mwalamulo. Kusanthula kumeneko sikuyenera kuchitika kokha pamene mkangano wabuka, koma kale pokhazikitsa tsamba, kulumikiza ogwiritsa ntchito ndikulemba maubwenzi apangano.
Izi zikugwira ntchito makamaka pansi pa Energy Act. Zikumveketsa bwino kuti zomangamanga zamagetsi zotsekedwa zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito moyenera pokhapokha ngati ukadaulo, mapangano ndi magulu azamalamulo zikugwirizana. Netiweki yomwe imagwira ntchito bwino kwambiri mwaukadaulo, koma yokonzedwa molakwika mwalamulo, imakhalabe pachiwopsezo choyang'aniridwa, mikangano ndi magulu ogwirizana komanso mavuto okhudzana ndi kukulitsa kapena kusamutsa.
Kutsiliza
Malinga ndi Energy Act, njira yogawa magetsi yotsekedwa ndiyo maziko a malamulo a maukonde amagetsi otsekedwa m'malo a mafakitale ndi amalonda. CDS si njira yogawa magetsi yosavomerezeka, koma ndi njira yogawa magetsi yolamulidwa mwapadera mkati mwa malo odziwika bwino, yokhala ndi gulu lochepa la ogwiritsa ntchito komanso malo ake mkati mwa lamulo la mphamvu.
Kwa ogwiritsa ntchito ma netiweki achinsinsi, cholinga chachikulu nthawi zonse chimakhala m'gulu la makinawo. Pokhapokha ngati atsimikizika ngati ndi CDS, mzere wolunjika kapena kukhazikitsa, ntchito, mapangano, mitengo, ndi mwayi wopeza zinthu zitha kupatsidwa mawonekedwe oyenera. Aliyense amene akugwira ntchito ndi zomangamanga zake zamagetsi motsatira Energy Act angakhale wanzeru kupanga kusanthula kumeneko nthawi yoyenera komanso mosamala. Izi sizimangoletsa zoopsa zalamulo, komanso zimapangitsa kuti malowa akhale okhazikika komanso odalirika mtsogolo.
Kodi muli ndi mafunso okhudza kugawa netiweki yachinsinsi, kukonza njira yogawa yotsekedwa kapena zotsatira za Energy Act pa tsamba lanu kapena gulu lanu? akatswiri azamalamulo amagetsi ku Law & More nthawi zonse amalangiza za kapangidwe kake, kagwiridwe ka ntchito ndi mikangano yokhudza zomangamanga zamagetsi zotsekedwa.
Mafunso omwe amafunsidwa kawirikawiri okhudza maukonde achinsinsi ndi njira zogawa zotsekedwa
Kodi njira yogawa yotsekedwa (CDS) ndi chiyani?
CDS ndi njira yogawa magetsi mkati mwa malo odziwika bwino a mafakitale, amalonda kapena ogwira ntchito, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kugawa magetsi kwa gulu lochepa la ogwiritsa ntchito. Ganizirani za gulu la mafakitale, malo ofikirako doko kapena kampasi yokhala ndi anthu ambiri yokhala ndi zomangamanga zake zamkati zamagetsi. Dongosololi silinapangidwe kuti ligawidwe ndi anthu onse, koma kuti ligwiritsidwe ntchito mkati mwa malo otsekedwa kapena kapangidwe ka bungwe.
Kodi netiweki yachinsinsi ndi yofanana ndi CDS?
Ayi. Mawu oti "network yachinsinsi" amagwiritsidwa ntchito pofotokoza zonse zokhudza mphamvu zomwe sizili za woyendetsa gridi ya anthu onse, koma mwalamulo mawu amenewo ndi otakata kwambiri. Network yachinsinsi ikhoza kukhala CDS, komanso mzere wolunjika kapena kukhazikitsa. Popanda kugawa kwina, mawuwa sanena chilichonse chokhudza malamulo omwe akugwiritsidwa ntchito.
Kodi kusiyana pakati pa CDS, direct line ndi installation ndi kotani?
CDS ndi njira yotsekedwa yogawa magetsi yomwe ogwiritsa ntchito ambiri amadalira kuti apeze magetsi. Mzere wolunjika ndi kulumikizana mwachindunji pakati pa kukhazikitsa kopanga ndi kasitomala m'modzi kapena angapo, pogogomezera kulumikizana pakati pa kupanga ndi kugwiritsa ntchito. Kukhazikitsa ndi kukhazikitsa magetsi kwa munthu m'modzi kumbuyo kwa kulumikizana, popanda chizindikiro cha netiweki chomwe chikufunika kuti chiyenerere kukhala CDS kapena njira yogawa magetsi.
Kodi woyendetsa CDS ali ndi udindo kwa ogwiritsa ntchito?
Inde. CDS imakhala pansi pa dongosolo lopepuka kuposa gridi yogawa anthu onse, koma wogwiritsa ntchitoyo amakhalabe ndi maudindo. Mwachidule, izi zimaphatikizapo kusamalira mosamala zopempha zolumikizira ndi zoyendera, mikhalidwe yolunjika komanso yowonekera bwino komanso dongosolo la mitengo lomwe lingafotokozedwe komanso lotetezedwa. CDS ikangoyamba kugwira ntchito, ntchitoyi imapezanso gawo la malamulo aboma lomwe limagwira ntchito mu ubale wachinsinsi pamalopo.
Kodi mwini malo angathe kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zonse mwakufuna kwake?
Osati zokha. Kukhala ndi malo sikupereka ufulu wopanda malire wokhudzana ndi zomangamanga zamagetsi. Pamene netiweki yavomerezedwa kukhala CDS, malamulo enaake okhudza mphamvu amagwira ntchito. Malamulo amenewo amakhudza ufulu wa anthu ogwirizana, mwayi wa omwe angolowa kumene komanso ubale ndi woyendetsa gridi ya anthu onse.
Kodi lamulo la Energy Act lasintha chiyani pa ma network achinsinsi omwe alipo?
Lamulo la Mphamvu likusintha maziko alamulo pansi pa zomangamanga zamagetsi zotsekedwa. Ogwiritsa ntchito ma netiweki achinsinsi omwe alipo sangangoganiza kuti dongosolo lawo lamakono silikugwirizana ndi dongosolo latsopanoli. Izi zikugwira ntchito pa kapangidwe kaukadaulo, kufotokozera kwa netiweki, gulu la ogwiritsa ntchito, kapangidwe ka mgwirizano ndi ubale ndi gridi ya anthu onse. Lamuloli likufuna kukhazikitsidwa kwalamulo kwamphamvu kwa kapangidwe kamene kasankhidwa.
Kodi CDS imagwirizana bwanji ndi gridi yamagetsi ya anthu onse?
CDS sigwira ntchito yokha. Dongosololi limalumikizidwa ndi makina ambiri amagetsi ndipo motero limalumikizidwa ndi woyendetsa gridi ya anthu onse. Pamalo amenewo, mafunso amabuka okhudza, pakati pa zinthu zina, kuchuluka kwa mayendedwe, kuchulukana kwa anthu, kukulitsa mphamvu yolumikizirana ndi kufalikira kwa anthu kuchokera ku kupanga kogawidwa. Kukhazikitsidwa kokhazikika mwalamulo kumafuna mgwirizano pakati pa ufulu wamkati wa ogwiritsa ntchito ndi zoletsa zakunja za dongosolo la anthu onse.
Kodi mikangano yambiri yokhudza ma network achinsinsi imayamba chifukwa cha chiyani?
Mikangano yambiri ingayambitsidwe ndi mitu inayi: funso loti musankhe (kodi ndi CDS, direct line kapena kukhazikitsa?), zokambirana zokhudza kupeza ndi kulumikizana kwa ogwiritsa ntchito atsopano, nkhani za msonkho ndi zikhalidwe zokhudzana ndi kugawa ndalama ndi kuwonekera poyera, komanso mikangano pakusintha kwa malo monga kugulitsa, kukonzanso kapena kusamutsa zomangamanga.
Kodi gulu la maukonde liyenera kugawidwa liti mwalamulo?
Kukonza pambuyo pake nthawi zambiri kumakhala kokwera mtengo komanso kovuta mwalamulo kuposa kukonza pasadakhale. Aliyense amene akupanga zomangamanga zamagetsi za malo ochitira bizinesi, masukulu kapena magulu a anthu masiku ano angakhale wanzeru kugawa dongosololi mwalamulo kuyambira pa bolodi lokonzekera kupita mtsogolo.
