Mgwirizano wa Cloud Netherlands: mapangano ochititsa ndi mapangano a SaaS

Pafupifupi kampani iliyonse yapadziko lonse yomwe imagwira ntchito ku Netherlands imagula mphamvu ya makompyuta kuchokera kwa wina. Pangano lomwe limalamulira nthawi zambiri limakhala chitsanzo cha ogulitsa, chosainidwa pansi pa nthawi yopanikizika, ndi mgwirizano wautumiki womwe umatsekedwa ndi gawo loti palibe amene amawerenga. Nkhaniyi ikufotokoza momwe malamulo aku Dutch amaonera mapanganowa, komwe mawu wamba ndi ofooka kwambiri kwa kasitomala, komanso zomwe EU Data Act ikufuna tsopano posintha.

Zigawo zitatu, kuphatikiza malo osungiramo zinthu ndi malo osungiramo zinthu

"Mtambo" si chinthu chimodzi chokha. Zimene kasitomala amalamulira zimasintha pa gawo lililonse, ndipo zomwe pangano liyenera kuteteza zimasinthanso.

lachitsanzo	Zowongolera za ogulitsa	Zowongolera makasitomala	Malo ogwirira ntchito yokoka mphamvu
Kukongola	Kumanga, magetsi, kuziziritsa, chitetezo chakuthupi, kupereka maukonde	Zipangizo zake ndi chilichonse chomwe chili pamwamba pake	Malo ndi mphamvu, malamulo olowera, ufulu wochotsa zida
kuchititsa	Zida, netiweki, nthawi zambiri kukonza ndi kusunga zinthu mu OS	Mapulogalamu, deta, kasinthidwe	Kukula kwa kasamalidwe, kukonza zigamba, kukonzanso koyesedwa
IaS	Chisanjikiro cha thupi, hypervisor, malo osungiramo zinthu ndi nsalu ya netiweki	Makina enieni, OS, middleware, mapulogalamu, deta	Kupezeka kwa dera kapena chigawo, mphamvu, kutuluka
PaaS	Zomwe zili pamwambapa, kuphatikiza nthawi yogwirira ntchito, ma database oyendetsedwa, okonza	Khodi yogwiritsira ntchito, deta, ndi kasinthidwe	Kutaya kwa zigawo, kutseka kudzera mu ntchito za eni ake
SaaS	Mulu wonse	Deta, kasamalidwe ka ogwiritsa ntchito, kasinthidwe kochepa	Kupezeka, mapu a njira, kutumiza deta, njira zogwirira ntchito

Mukapitirira pansi pa chikwama chanu, chiopsezo chanu chimakhala chachikulu, ndipo mukapitirira pamwamba, mumakhala otsekeredwa kwambiri. Kuyika malo ndi chinthu chapadera: mumagula malo ogona, mphamvu ndi chitetezo chakuthupi, kotero mfundo zazikulu ndi kuchuluka kwa mphamvu ndi kuchulukirachulukira, nthawi yodziwitsa, kukwera kwa mphamvu zamagetsi, manja akutali ndi ufulu wanu wochotsa ma racks anu. Ndi kusungirako kosavuta, mkangano nthawi zambiri umakhala waukulu: kodi wogulitsa anali ndi udindo wokonza, kuyang'anira ndi kusunga ma backups, kapena kungosunga makinawo kuti azigwira ntchito?

Momwe malamulo aku Dutch amafotokozera mgwirizanowu

Malamulo aku Dutch alibe mtundu wa mgwirizano wotchedwa "mtambo". Makhothi amaika malamulo malinga ndi zomwe maguluwo adagwirizana komanso momwe adachitira, kenako amagwiritsa ntchito malamulo a mtundu kapena mitundu yomwe ikugwirizana.

Opdracht (zaluso 7:400 BW): chokhazikika cha SaaS, PaaS, managed hosting ndi gawo lautumiki la IaaS.
Renti (art. 7:201 BW): lendi imafuna kugwiritsa ntchito chikwama, chinthu chogwirika (luso 3:2 BW). Mapulogalamu ndi deta sizili choncho, kotero SaaS yeniyeni si lendi. Malo osungira zinthu ndi zida zapadera mwina ndizomwe zili choncho, ndichifukwa chake mapangano osungira zinthu nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi mawonekedwe a lendi chilichonse chomwe wogulitsa amawatcha.
Gulani (Chithunzi 7:1 BW): mu De Beeldbrigade (HR 27 Epulo 2012, ECLI:NL:HR:2012:BV1301) Hoge Raad inanena kuti kugula mapulogalamu wamba kuti mugwiritse ntchito mopanda malire motsutsana ndi malipiro amodzi okha kumagwera pansi pa malamulo ogulitsa. Izi sizipita ku ntchito yolembetsa, koma ndizofunikira pa zilolezo zosatha mu mgwirizano wosakanizidwa.
Gemengde overeeenkomst (art. 6:215 BW): mapangano ambiri enieni amasakanikirana, ndipo malamulo a mtundu uliwonse amagwira ntchito pamodzi pokhapokha ngati sangagwirizane.

Chifukwa chake kufotokoza makhalidwe a anthu n'kofunika

Kuthetsa. Malinga ndi Art. 7:408 BW, kasitomala akhoza kuthetsa opdracht nthawi iliyonse, ndipo Art. 7:411 BW imalamulira zomwe wogulitsayo ali nazo. Pakati pa mabizinesi malamulo awa amakhala otseguka kwambiri pa mgwirizano wotsutsana (onani Art. 7:413 BW), ndipo amawachotsa ndi mawu okhazikika, kukonzanso kokhazikika komanso chidziwitso cha nthawi yayitali. Pamene mgwirizano wotseguka ulibe gawo lothetsa, milandu yaku Dutch nthawi zambiri imawona kuti ndi yotheka kuthetsedwa, koma kumveka bwino ndi chilungamo kungafune chidziwitso, chipukuta misozi kapena chifukwa chachikulu.

Udindo wosamalira. Ngati panganoli ndi lopanda chilolezo, art. 7:401 BW imaika chisamaliro cha kontrakitala wabwino: muyezo womwe makhothi aku Dutch amagwiritsa ntchito pokakamiza ogulitsa kuti achite ntchito zofufuza, kuchenjeza ndi kuyang'anira ntchito zomwe panganoli silinatchulepo. Pansi pa kufotokozedwa kwa malonda kapena lendi, njirayo ndi yogwirizana kapena yolakwika.

Pangano la utumiki

Kupezeka, ndi momwe zimayezedwera

Chimene chimayesedwa: Utumiki wonse, kapena gawo limodzi? Nsanja yoyankha cheke cha thanzi pamene mukulowa imawerengedwa ngati "yopezeka" pansi pa ma SLA ambiri.
Kwa nthawi yanji: 99.9 peresenti yoyezedwa pachaka imalola kuti vuto limodzi lizimitsidwe kwa nthawi yayitali; poyezedwa pamwezi, imathetsa vuto limodzi kwambiri.
Ndi ndani, kuchokera kuti: Kuwunika kwa ogulitsa mkati mwa netiweki yawo kumapereka malipoti abwino kuposa kafukufuku wochokera ku ofesi yanu.
Zomwe zachotsedwa: kukonza, kulephera kwa netiweki ya anthu ena, kukakamiza anthu kuti agwire ntchito ndi zochitika "zoyambitsidwa ndi makasitomala" nthawi zambiri zimachotsedwa, ndipo nthawi yochotsedwa nthawi zambiri imasiyanso gawo lofunikira, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chiwerengerocho chiwonjezeke.

Kupezeka sikugwira ntchito. Ntchito ikhoza kupezeka mokwanira komanso pang'onopang'ono. Dziperekeni ku liwiro padera: zolinga zoyankhira, mawindo ambiri, nthawi yobwezeretsa ndi zolinga zobwezeretsa, ndi nthawi yothandizira yankho pa kalasi iliyonse yofunika kwambiri. Kusunga deta kumafuna kudzipereka kwake, kuphatikizapo kubwezeretsa koyesedwa. Konzaninso mawindo okonza: nthawi, chidziwitso, kuchuluka ndi nthawi. Pa ntchito yapadziko lonse lapansi, "maola akunja kwa ofesi" amafunika nthawi.

Ma credits a ntchito, ndi msampha wodzipatula

Kodi ndi njira yokhayo yothetsera vutoli? Mawu a ogulitsa nthawi zambiri amanena choncho, zomwe zimapangitsa kulephera kulikonse kukhala kuchotsera pang'ono ndikuletsa kuwonongeka. Osachepera, chotsani kuphwanya malamulo kosalekeza, mwadala kapena mosasamala kwambiri, komanso kuphwanya kulikonse komwe kulinso kuphwanya chitetezo kapena deta.
Kodi muyenera kuwatenga? Mabungwe ambiri amafuna kuti ngongole ichitike mkati mwa nthawi yochepa, ndipo ngati sichoncho ngongoleyo imatha. Limbikitsani kuti invoice ipereke ngongole yokha.
Kodi pali njira yothetsera vutoli? Ndondomeko ya ngongole yopanda ufulu wothetsa ngongole ndi yofooka. Wogulitsa amene angaphonye zolinga zake kwamuyaya, kubweza ndalama zochepa zomwe amalipira pamwezi ndikukusungani mumsewu, ndiye kuti wagula njira yake yoti alephere kugwira ntchito. Angalepheretse kulephera mobwerezabwereza kapena kwakukulu chifukwa cha kuchotsedwa ntchito, popanda chilango komanso ndi thandizo lonse lotuluka.

Udindo wosamalira ndi udindo wogwirizana

Lamulo la milandu ya IT ku Dutch lapangidwa modabwitsa pankhani ya udindo wa wopereka chithandizo. Wopereka chithandizo waluso ayenera kufufuza malo ndi zofunikira za kasitomala, kuchenjeza za zoopsa, zosankha zosayenera komanso kukwera mtengo, ndikupitiriza kuchenjeza pamene upangiriwo unyalanyazidwa. Kutcha udindowu kukhala chimodzi mwa zoyesayesa zabwino kwambiri sikulepheretsa ziyembekezo zomwe wogulitsayo adapanga asanasainidwe.

Udindo woyerekeza ndi weniweni ndipo sunaganiziridwe mopepuka: kasitomala ayenera kugwirizana popereka chidziwitso cholondola, kusankha nthawi, kuyesa akafunsidwa, komanso kupereka mwayi wopeza ndi anthu oyenerera. Kasitomala amene walephera akhoza kudzipeza yekha ali mu vuto la wobwereketsa (art. 6:58 BW), lomwe limaletsa vuto la wogulitsa, kuwononga pempho la kuwonongeka ndipo lingalepheretse kuthetsedwa kwa ngongole.

Nkhaniyi ikugwira ntchito pa chitetezo. Mu mlandu wa Gemeente Hof van Twente v Switch IT Solutions (Gerechshof Arnhem-Leeuwarden, 25 February 2025, ECLI:NL:GHARL:2025:1046) khotilo linakana zomwe kasitomalayo ananena pambuyo pa kuukira kwa ransomware, chifukwa cha zovuta zomwe kasitomala adasunga: kusintha kwa firewall komwe adapanga yekha, ndi mawu achinsinsi ofooka pa akaunti yomwe adayang'anira. Kulamulira kumayendetsa udindo, kotero lembani mbali yomwe ili ndi ulamuliro uliwonse.

Chitetezo, satifiketi ndi kuwunika

Musavomereze "njira zoyenera zaukadaulo ndi za bungwe" ngati udindo wonse. Tchulani muyezo ndi gawo lotchulidwa, monga satifiketi ya ISO/IEC 27001 kapena lipoti la SOC 2 Type II, pomwe satifiketiyo ikufotokoza ntchito yomwe mumagula; kukonza nthawi malinga ndi kuopsa kwake; kuchuluka kwa mayeso olowera; chidziwitso cha zochitika ndi choyambitsa chodziwika bwino, nthawi yomaliza ndi zomwe zili; ndi njira yowunikira. Ogulitsa akuluakulu amakana kuwunika pamalopo; mgwirizano wothandiza ndi satifiketi kuphatikiza ufulu wowunikira pambuyo pa chochitika.

Malamulo a magawo angapereke zinthu zofunika. Mabungwe azachuma akutsatira DORA (Regulation (EU) 2022/2554), yomwe imakhazikitsa malamulo a mapangano a ICT a chipani chachitatu. Cyberbeveiligingswet ya ku Dutch , yomwe ikukhazikitsa NIS2, idayamba kugwira ntchito pa 15 Ogasiti 2026 ndipo imafika pa zomangamanga za digito ndi magawo oyendetsera ntchito komanso makasitomala ambiri. Maboma onsewa ali ndi mgwirizano mwachindunji: kwa mabungwe azachuma omwe ali pansi pa DORA, komanso kwa mabungwe ofunikira komanso ofunikira omwe ali pansi pa Cyberbeveiligingswet, amaika zofunikira pa kulimba mtima pa ntchito, pa chidziwitso cha ngozi komanso pa njira yotuluka. Dziwani poyamba chomwe chimagwira wogulitsa ndi chomwe chikukugwirani.

Chitetezo cha data

Pamene deta yanu ikukonzedwa, mufunika mgwirizano wokonza motsatira GDPR, womwe umakhudza malangizo, chinsinsi, chitetezo, ma sub-processors, ufulu wa anthu omwe ali ndi deta, chidziwitso chophwanya malamulo, ndi kubweza kapena kuchotsa kumapeto. Mfundo zokambirana zomwe zimachitika mobwerezabwereza ndi njira yogwiritsira ntchito ma sub-processor, kaya mwalandira chidziwitso pasadakhale komanso ufulu wokana, komanso kusamutsa deta kumayiko ena. EU-US Data Privacy Framework idapulumuka vuto lake loyamba ku Khoti Lalikulu, lomwe linakana mlanduwo mu Mlandu T-553/23 (Latombe v Commission) pa 3 Seputembala 2025, ponena kuti Khoti Lowunikira Chitetezo cha Data limapereka chitsimikizo chokwanira cha ufulu wodziyimira pawokha komanso kuti kuwunikanso kwa khoti pambuyo poti zinthu zambiri zasonkhanitsidwa kukukwaniritsa muyezo wa chitetezo chofanana. Apilo idaperekedwa pa 31 Okutobala 2025 monga Mlandu C-703/25 P ndipo ikuyembekezeredwa; chisankho chokwanira chikugwirabe ntchito pakadali pano.

Malo a deta ndi ulamuliro wake

Malo ndi nkhani yamalonda komanso yokhudza malamulo isanayambe nkhani yokhudza chitetezo cha deta. Funsani, polemba: komwe deta imasungidwa, ndipo imachokera kuti kapena kupezeka, pokumbukira kuti ogwira ntchito othandizira kunja kwa EU ndi omwe amalowa ngakhale komwe kusungidwa kuli kwapafupi; komwe ma backups, makope obwezeretsa masoka ndi zolemba zimakhala; ndi mabungwe ati omwe angakakamizidwe kupereka deta pansi pa lamulo lakunja; kodi mungakonze chigawocho, ndi zomwe zimachitika ngati wogulitsa asintha. Lamulo la Data limathandiza: opereka chithandizo ayenera kufalitsa, ndikuwonetsa m'mapangano awo, ulamuliro womwe zomangamanga zomwe zagwiritsidwa ntchito zikuyang'aniridwa ndi njira zomwe zatengedwa motsutsana ndi mwayi wosaloledwa wa boma lapadziko lonse wopeza deta yosakhala yaumwini yomwe ili mu EU.

Potulukira

Gawo loti mutuluke lomwe lakambidwa poyamba ndi lofunika kwambiri kuposa gawo lina lililonse mu mgwirizano. Poyamba muli ndi mphamvu ndipo wogulitsa akufuna mgwirizano; pamapeto pake mulibe chilichonse, ndipo tsiku lililonse lochedwa limakuwonongerani ndalama.

Pangani. Yokonzedwa, yogwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri komanso yowerengeka ndi makina, yokhala ndi schema yolembedwa, kuphatikiza metadata, kasinthidwe, zolemba zowunikira ndi zomangira. Kutaya kosalembedwa sikoyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito.
Kukula. Chilichonse, osati zolemba zomwe mudayika: deta yochokera, mitundu yakale, ndi chilichonse chomwe mukufuna kuti musunge.
Nthawi yosinthira. Nthawi yodziwika bwino yomwe ntchitoyo ikupitilira malinga ndi malamulo omwe alipo pamene mukusamuka, yomwe ingakulitsidwe pamtengo womwe watchulidwa.
Thandizo. Udindo wothandiza, ndi maudindo otchulidwa, mtengo wa tsiku womwe mwagwirizana tsopano, komanso mgwirizano ndi wogulitsa wanu watsopano.
Kuchotsa. Kuchotsa kovomerezeka pambuyo pa zenera lodziwikiratu lopezera, kuphatikizapo zosunga zobwezeretsera, ndi nthawi yomaliza yolembedwa.
Choyambitsa. Malamulo otuluka amagwira ntchito pa nthawi iliyonse yothetsa ntchito, kuphatikizapo wogulitsa chifukwa chosalipira kwanu. Ogulitsa nthawi zambiri amachotsa nkhaniyo, ndipo ndi yomwe mungafune kwambiri.

Kutseka, kusunthika ndi EU Data Act

Lamulo (EU) 2023/2854, Lamulo la Data, linayamba kugwira ntchito pa 11 Januwale 2024 ndipo limagwira ntchito kuyambira pa 12 Seputembala 2025. Chaputala VI chimapanga njira yosinthira kwa opereka "ntchito zokonza deta", zomwe zimafotokozedwa mokwanira kuti zigwire IaaS, PaaS ndi SaaS.

Zopinga ziyenera kutha (luso 23): zopinga zamalonda, zaukadaulo, zapangano ndi zamabungwe pakuthetsa, kusamukira kwa wopikisana naye ndikutumiza deta.
Mawu ofunikira (Chithunzi 25): nthawi yodziwitsa ya miyezi iwiri kuti ayambe kusintha; nthawi yodziwitsira ya masiku 30 a kalendala yofunikira, yomwe ingawonjezedwe kamodzi ndi kasitomala ndipo, ngati kusintha sikungatheke, ndi woperekayo mpaka miyezi isanu ndi iwiri ngati atadziwitsidwa moyenera; kenako nthawi yopezera deta ya masiku osachepera 30 a kalendala, kutsatiridwa ndi kufufuta.
Malipiro (Chithunzi 29): kuyambira pa 11 Januwale 2024 mpaka 12 Januwale 2027, opereka chithandizo akhoza kungopereka ndalama zochepa zosinthira, osapitirira ndalama zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa mwachindunji ndi njira yosinthira. Kuyambira pa 12 Januwale 2027, ndalama zosinthira siziloledwa konse, kuthetsa ndalama zotuluka potuluka.
Maudindo aukadaulo (Chithunzi 30): Opereka chithandizo pa zomangamanga ayenera kuchita zonse zoyenera kuti athandize kufanana kwa ntchito atatha kusintha; ena ayenera kupanga ma interface otseguka kwaulere. Palibe wopereka chithandizo amene ayenera kupanga ukadaulo watsopano kapena kuulula zinsinsi zamalonda.
Chidziwitso, chikhulupiriro chabwino ndi kumasulidwa (zaluso 26, 27, 31): njira zosinthira ziyenera kuwululidwa; magulu onse, kuphatikiza wopereka malo opitako, ayenera kugwirizana mokhulupirika; ntchito zoyesera zapadera komanso za nthawi yochepa zimakonzedwa.

Machenjezo atatu. Lamulo la Data limakhazikitsa dongosolo, osati dongosolo losamutsa: silingapangitse deta yanu kusunthika ngati mwamanga pa ntchito za pulatifomu zomwe zilibe zofanana kwina kulikonse. Nthawi ndi yofunika, osati momwe ogulitsa ambiri amanenera: Chaputala VI chakhala chikugwiritsa ntchito mapangano a ntchito zokonza deta kuyambira pa 12 Seputembala 2025 kaya adamalizidwa tsikulo lisanafike kapena pambuyo pake, kotero mapangano omwe analipo kale adayenera kukhazikitsidwa pofika nthawiyo. Nthawi yosinthira yomwe ikutha pa 12 Seputembala 2027 mu art. 50 ikukhudza Chaputala IV, pa mfundo zosalungama za mgwirizano wokhudza kupeza ndi kugwiritsa ntchito deta, osati njira yosinthira. Payokha, Commission yafunsa pa lingaliro loyambirira lomwe lili ndi mfundo zosamangika za mgwirizano wokhudza kupeza ndi kugwiritsa ntchito deta ndi zigawo zosamangika za mgwirizano wa cloud computing, zomwe opereka chithandizo angaphatikizepo zikavomerezedwa; onani momwe zilili musanazidalire. Phukusi la digito la 19 Novembala 2025 likupereka kusintha kwa Chaputala VI, pakati pawo pali zilango zomaliza ntchito msanga m'mapangano a nthawi yokhazikika komanso kuchepetsedwa kwa mapangano ena omwe adamalizidwa asanafike 12 Seputembala 2025, koma akupitilizabe kutsatira njira yokhazikitsa malamulo ndipo zolemba zomwe zakhazikitsidwa zikupitilizabe kugwira ntchito mpaka zitasinthidwa. Ndipo kuyika malo ndi nyumba sizili kunja kwa tanthauzo la ntchito yokonza deta, komanso kunja kwa dongosolo, bola ngati palibe ntchito yowonjezereka kapena yotanuka yomwe imaperekedwa ndi malo osungira pansi.

Kupitiriza ndi kulephera kwa ogulitsa

Ngati wogulitsa wanu walephera, trustee amasankha motsatira chigawo. 37 Fw ngati achite mapangano omwe sanamalizidwe; ngati sichoncho, pempho lanu silili lotetezeka. Source code escrow idapangidwira mapulogalamu omwe alipo ndipo siichita zambiri pa SaaS: khodi yopanda deta, chilengedwe ndi chidziwitso chogwira ntchito sichibwezeretsa ntchito. SaaS imafuna dongosolo lopitilira lomwe limakhudza nthawi yogwirira ntchito, deta ndi ufulu wopitiliza kugwira ntchito. Pang'ono ndi pang'ono, panganolo liyenera kunena kuti deta ndi yanu, silikhala ndi ufulu uliwonse wosunga, ndipo liyenera kutulutsidwa pazochitika zomwe zafotokozedwa.

Udindo, kuchotsedwa mlandu ndi mtengo

Malamulo a ogulitsa pamsika wa ku Netherlands akulamulidwa ndi NLdigital Voorwaarden, yomwe kope la 2025, lomwe linasindikizidwa mu Okutobala 2025, ndi laposachedwa kwambiri. Kope limenelo limachepetsa udindo wa kutayika mwachindunji pamtengo womwe unavomerezedwa pa mgwirizano, kapena, pa mgwirizano wopitilira chaka chimodzi, ku ndalama za chaka chimodzi, ndipo limafika pa EUR 500,000, ndi malire osiyana a EUR 1,750,000 pa imfa, kuvulala kwa munthu ndi kuwonongeka kwa katundu. Kutayika kosalunjika komanso kotsatira, phindu lotayika, ndalama zomwe zasungidwa, ubwino wochepa, kusokonezeka kwa bizinesi ndi zopempha za makasitomala zimachotsedwa kwathunthu. Malirewo amachoka pokhapokha ngati kutayikako kukuchokera ku cholinga kapena kusasamala kwa oyang'anira ogulitsa. Chopemphacho chiyenera kudziwitsidwa mwachangu momwe zingathere kutayikako kutachitika ndipo kumatha miyezi makumi awiri ndi inayi pambuyo pake pokhapokha ngati milandu yaperekedwa. Kope lililonse latsopano limakonzanso mipata iyi, choncho dziwani mtundu wa kope lomwe wogulitsa wanu wayikamo komanso ngati lasintha: makope akale akadalipo ndipo ogulitsa ambiri amagwiritsa ntchito mawu awoawo.

Makhothi aku Dutch amakakamiza malamulo ochotsera milandu pakati pa mabizinesi. Njira yoyamba ndi ya zaluso. 6:248 BW: kudalira lamuloli kumalephera pamene zimenezo sizingavomerezedwe ndi miyezo yolondola komanso yachilungamo. Makhothi amagwiritsa ntchito mayesowo moletsa, poyesa kuopsa kwa cholakwikacho, zofuna zomwe zawonongeka, malingaliro a maguluwo ndi momwe chiopsezocho chinayikidwira mtengo. Cholinga kapena khalidwe lofanana nalo nthawi zambiri limagonjetsa lamuloli. Pamene mawuwa ndi zikhalidwe zonse (zaluso 6:231 BW), lamulo 6:233 BW limalola kuthetsa mawu ovuta kwambiri. Mwachidule: kukambirana za malire okhudzana ndi kuvulala komwe kulephera kungabweretse, kuyika kutayika kwa deta, chinsinsi, chitetezo ndi ndalama za IP kunja kwake, ndikufotokozera "kutayika komwe kungachitike".

Pa mtengo, konzani njira: chepetsani kuchuluka kwa zinthu zomwe zagulitsidwa pachaka motsutsana ndi kuchuluka kwa zinthu zomwe zatchulidwa, chepetsani kuchuluka kwa zinthu zomwe zagulitsidwa kamodzi pachaka mukangodziwitsa, ndipo khalani ndi ufulu wothetsa popanda chilango chopitirira malire. Ndi mitengo yochokera ku kugwiritsa ntchito, perekani ndalama zomwe mungagwiritse ntchito zokha, ndikuwongolera mtengo wokulitsa, kuthandizira magawo ndi kutuluka.

Malamulo ogwira ntchito, mikangano ndi ogulitsa omwe si a EU

Sankhani malamulo aku Dutch ndi malo olankhulirana aku Dutch komwe mungathe, ndipo yesani mfundo zothandiza zomwe zingasankhe ngati chigamulo chili choyenera, zomwe tafotokoza m'nkhani yathu yokhudza momwe tingapewere nkhani zokhudzana ndi ulamuliro ndi kukakamiza malamulo . Kukakamiza chigamulo cha aku Dutch mkati mwa EU n'kosavuta; kukakamiza chigamulo chakunja nthawi zambiri sikoyenera. Kuweruza milandu kungakhale yankho labwino kwambiri motsutsana ndi mnzawo wosakhala wa EU, ndipo m'mikangano ya IT ku Dutch, maziko a SGOA amapereka chigamulo ndi kuyimira milandu m'magawo osiyanasiyana.

Kuchita pangano kunja kwa EU kumabweretsa zinthu zitatu. Kuletsa udindo kungakhale kosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito komanso kovuta kutsutsa pa forum yakutali. Malamulo ofunikira a EU, kuphatikizapo kusintha kwa Data Act ndi GDPR, angagwiritsidwe ntchito potengera komwe ntchitoyo ikuperekedwa, koma kuigwiritsa ntchito ndi kuikakamiza ndi zinthu zosiyana. Ndipo kholo lakunja lingakumane ndi malamulo owulula omwe akusemphana ndi zomwe mukuyenera kuchita pano. Pamene kuwonekera kuli kofunikira, gwirizanani ndi bungwe la EU la wogulitsayo ndikulimbikitsa kuti pakhale forum ya ku Europe.

Mndandanda wa zokambirana

Fotokozani ntchitoyo ndi gawo, ndipo lembani mbali yomwe imayang'anira gawo lililonse ndi ulamuliro uliwonse wachitetezo.
Pangani kupezeka kukhala koyezeka: kuchuluka kwa zigawo, nthawi, malo oyezera ndi zopatula; gwirani ntchito ndikubwezeretsa zolinga padera.
Kanani ma credits a ntchito ngati njira yokhayo yothetsera vuto, ndipo phatikizani ufulu wothetsa ntchito ngati kulephera kosalekeza kapena kwakukulu.
Fotokozani chitetezo malinga ndi muyezo ndi kuchuluka kwake, ndi umboni, nthawi yomaliza yodziwitsira komanso njira yowunikira.
Sainani pangano lokonza deta, ndikukonza malo osungira deta, kukonza deta ndi chithandizo.
Kambiranani kaye za gawo lotuluka: mawonekedwe, kuchuluka, nthawi yosinthira, thandizo lamitengo, kuchotsedwa kovomerezeka, ndi zoyambitsa kuphatikizapo kuthetsedwa chifukwa chosalipira.
Chongani mgwirizanowu motsutsana ndi zofunikira pakusintha kwa Data Act, diarise pa 12 Januwale 2027, ndikukhazikitsa kupitiriza: umwini wa deta, ufulu wosunga, escrow.
Yesani malire a udindo polimbana ndi kutayika komwe kungayambitse kulephera kwenikweni, ndipo ikani deta, chitetezo, chinsinsi ndi IP kunja kwa izo.
Kuyika chizindikiro cha Cap indexation, ndikusankha mwadala malamulo, malo olankhulirana ndi bungwe lochita mgwirizano.

Kodi pangano la SaaS ndi lendi motsatira malamulo aku Dutch?

Kawirikawiri palibe. Lendi pansi pa Article. 7:201 BW imafuna kugwiritsa ntchito chinthu chogwirika, ndipo mapulogalamu ndi deta si zinthu zogwirika pansi pa Art. 3:2 BW. Pangano la SaaS nthawi zambiri limadziwika ngati opdracht pansi pa Article. 7:400 BW, kapena ngati mgwirizano wosakanikirana pansi pa Art. 6:215 BW komwe zida kapena zilolezo zosatha zimaphatikizidwa. Colocation, komwe mumakhala pamalo enieni, ikhoza kukhala ndi mawonekedwe a lendi.

Kodi ndingathe kuthetsa mgwirizano wa cloud msanga ngati ntchito ikulephera kugwira ntchito?

Pokhapokha ngati panganolo likulola, kapena ngati kulephera kuli kwakukulu mokwanira kuti kuthetsedwe malinga ndi nkhani. 6:265 BW. Ma tempuleti a ogulitsa nthawi zambiri amachititsa kuti ma credits a ntchito akhale njira yokhayo yothetsera vutoli ndikuletsa kuthetsedwa kwa ntchito, kotero kuphwanya malamulo ang'onoang'ono kwa nthawi yayitali kumakusiyani ndi kuchotsera ndalama ndipo palibe njira yotulukira. Kambiranani za njira yothetsera vuto la kulephera kwa ntchito mobwerezabwereza kapena kwakukulu musanasayine.

Kodi lamulo la EU Data Act limasintha chiyani pakusintha kwa mtambo?

Kuyambira pa 12 Seputembala 2025, opereka chithandizo chokonza deta ayenera kuchotsa zopinga pakusintha, kuphatikizapo nthawi yokhazikika ya mgwirizano kuphatikizapo nthawi yodziwitsa ya miyezi iwiri komanso nthawi yosinthira yofunikira ya masiku 30, komanso kuthandizira kusunthika. Ndalama zochepetsera zosinthira zomwe zimatengera mtengo zimaloledwa mpaka pa 12 Januwale 2027, pambuyo pake ndalama zosinthira zimaletsedwa kwathunthu. Ntchito zoyesera zenizeni komanso zosapanga zimapangidwa.

Kodi khoti la ku Dutch lidzakhazikitsa malire a udindo wa wogulitsa?

Kawirikawiri inde, pakati pa mabizinesi. Njira yothawira ndi yaukadaulo. 6:248 BW, pomwe kudalira gawoli sikungavomerezedwe ngati zimenezo sizingavomerezedwe ndi miyezo yoyenera komanso yachilungamo, ndipo makhothi amagwiritsa ntchito mayesowo moletsa. Kufunika kumaperekedwa ku kuopsa kwa cholakwika, zofuna zomwe zawonongeka, malingaliro a magulu, ngati nthawiyo idakambidwa komanso momwe chiopsezocho chidayikidwira mtengo. Kuchita zinthu molakwika mwadala nthawi zambiri kumawononga malire.

Kodi source code escrow imateteza kasitomala wa SaaS?

Osati yokha. Khodi yochokera popanda malo ogwirira ntchito, deta ndi chidziwitso cha ntchito sizingabwezeretse ntchito yamoyo, ndipo ngati trustee walephera kulipira ngongole motsatira art. 37 Fw ngati agwire ntchito. Kasitomala wa SaaS amafunika dongosolo lopitiliza ntchito lomwe limaphimba deta ndi kuthekera kopitiliza kugwira ntchito, kuphatikiza chilankhulo cha mgwirizano chotsimikizira kuti detayo ndi ya kasitomala ndipo siili ndi ufulu uliwonse wosunga.

Law & More Imayang'ananso ndikukambirana za mapangano a cloud, hosting ndi colocation kwa makasitomala ndi ogulitsa: milingo yautumiki, chitetezo ndi ufulu wowerengera, mapangano okonza, kutuluka ndi kutsatira Data Act, malire a udindo ndi kusankha malamulo ndi forum. Ngati mgwirizano uli patebulo kapena ntchito ikulephera, yathu Maloya a IT adzakuuzani komwe kumawonekera kwenikweni kulipo musanasainire.