Malamulo a khofi ku Netherlands: kulolerana, malire ndi kukakamiza

Malo ogulitsira khofi ku Netherlands angagulitse chamba chochepa kwa akuluakulu chifukwa akuluakulu amachilekerera pansi pa malamulo okhwima, osati chifukwa chakuti chamba ndi chovomerezeka. Kugulitsa ndi kukhala ndi chamba kumakhalabe milandu motsatira Opium Act ( Opiumwet ); Public Prosecution Service (OM) siingoimba mlandu malo ogulitsira khofi omwe amatsatira miyezo ya dziko lonse yololera komanso malamulo a boma lake.

Chofunika kwambiri ndi cha m'deralo: boma lililonse limasankha ngati malo ogulitsira khofi amaloledwa konse komanso momwe amatsatira malamulowo molimba mtima, kuphatikizapo lamulo lomwe anthu okhala ku Netherlands okha ndi omwe angagule. Pansipa tikufotokoza mfundo zololera, malamulo a makasitomala ndi ogwira ntchito, kutsatiridwa ndi meya ndi Public Prosecution Service, komanso kuyesa kwa closed supply chain.

Kodi mfundo yolekerera imatanthauza chiyani?

Kulekerera ( gedoogbeleid ) kumatanthauza kuti khalidwe likadali mlandu, koma Public Prosecution Service yasankha kuti isaimbe mlandu ngati malamulo okhwima akwaniritsidwa. Kwa malo ogulitsira khofi, malamulo amenewo alembedwa mu Opium Act Instruction ( Aanwijzing Opiumwet ) ya Public Prosecution Service.

Lamulo la Opium Act limasiyanitsa pakati pa mankhwala osokoneza bongo omwe ali pa Mndandanda Woyamba, monga cocaine, heroin ndi ecstasy, ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo omwe ali pa Mndandanda Wachiwiri, omwe akuphatikizapo mankhwala a chamba monga chamba ndi hashish. Ndondomeko yolekerera mankhwala osokoneza bongo imakhudza kugulitsa mankhwala osokoneza bongo m'sitolo ya khofi. Palibe kulekerera mankhwala osokoneza bongo.

Kwa anthu pawokha, Unduna wa Zachipongwe suweruza mlandu wokhala ndi magalamu 5 a chamba kapena zomera 5 za chamba kuti munthu azigwiritsa ntchito payekha. Apolisi adzalandabe chambacho kapena kuchotsa zomerazo. Kukhala ndi magalamu opitilira 5 sikuloledwanso. Malinga ndi Nkhani 11 ya Opium Act, kukhala ndi magalamu 30 a chamba ndi mlandu wawung'ono, ndipo kukhala ndi chamba chochuluka ndi mlandu waukulu kwambiri wokhala ndi chilango chachikulu.

Boma likufotokoza zofunikira pa rijksoverheid.nl . Ndondomekoyi ikufuna kuteteza thanzi la anthu onse ndikuletsa ogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo kuti asafike pamalo omwe amagulitsidwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo.

Kodi malamulo a makasitomala ndi otani?

Muyenera kukhala ndi zaka 18 kapena kuposerapo, simuyenera kugula zinthu zopitirira magalamu 5 patsiku, ndipo m'maboma ambiri muyenera kusonyeza kuti mukukhala ku Netherlands. Ana aang'ono saloledwa kulowa m'nyumba.

Malo ogulitsira khofi ayenera kuwona zaka zanu, ndipo ngati lamulo lokhalamo lagwiritsidwa ntchito, ayenera kuwona ngati muli ndi malo okhala. Bweretsani chikalata chovomerezeka cha chizindikiritso, monga pasipoti, laisensi yoyendetsa galimoto ya ku Netherlands kapena khadi lozindikiritsa. M'maboma omwe amatsatira lamulo lokhalamo, malo ogulitsira khofi nthawi zambiri amapemphanso chidutswa kuchokera ku Personal Records Database ( Basisregistratie Personen , BRP) chomwe chikuwonetsa kulembetsa kwanu pa adilesi ya ku Dutch.

Malire a magalamu 5 amagwira ntchito pa munthu aliyense patsiku. Kugula kangapo patsiku kuti mudutse malirewo, kapena kugulira ena, kumaika malo ogulitsira khofi pachiwopsezo ndipo kungayambitse kulandidwa kwa zomwe mwagula. Malo ogulitsira khofi sapereka mowa, ndipo mankhwala osokoneza bongo sagulitsidwa.

Toleration imangophimba kugulitsa mkati mwa shopu ya khofi. Kugula kuchokera kwa wogulitsa mumsewu kapena kudzera muutumiki wotumizira sikuli mbali ya mfundo ya toleration, kwa wogulitsa komanso kwa inu.

Kodi muyezo wokhala m'dziko lino ndi wotani?

Muyezo wokhala ( ingezetenencriterium , I mu AHOJGI) umatanthauza kuti anthu okhala ku Netherlands okha ndi omwe angalowe m'sitolo ya khofi ndikugula kumeneko. Munthu wokhala m'dzikolo ndi munthu amene walembetsa ku adilesi ya boma la Dutch.

Muyesowu unayambitsidwa mdziko lonse mu 2013 kuti uthane ndi zokopa alendo ogwiritsira ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo komanso mavuto ndi umbanda wokhudzana nawo. Kutsatira kwake kwasiyidwa m'manja mwa mfundo zakomweko: meya, woimira boma wamkulu ndi apolisi akugwirizana pa zokambirana za anthu atatu am'deralo (driehoeksoverleg) kaya ndi momwe zimagwiritsidwira ntchito. Maboma akum'mwera, pafupi ndi malire a Belgium ndi Germany, kuphatikizapo Maastricht, amawagwiritsa ntchito mosamalitsa. Mizinda ikuluikulu monga Amsterdam mpaka pano sindinagwiritse ntchito izi kuti ndichotse alendo, ngakhale kuti mkanganowu umabwereranso nthawi zonse.

Kwa malo ogulitsira khofi omwe ayenera kugwiritsa ntchito muyezo, ndi gawo la mfundo za tsiku ndi tsiku za pakhomo. Kulola munthu wosakhala wokhala m'dzikolo kumene lamuloli likutsatiridwa kumawerengedwa ngati kuswa malamulo ololeza, ndipo zotsatira zake zafotokozedwa pansipa.

Kodi ndi mfundo ziti zomwe woyendetsa shopu ya khofi ayenera kukwaniritsa?

Wogwira ntchito ayenera kutsatira malamulo a AHOJGI tsiku lililonse, osasunga katundu woposa magalamu 500 pamalopo ndipo asapereke mowa uliwonse. Boma likhoza kuwonjezera malamulo ake.

Zofunikira ndi izi:

• A (kulumikiza): palibe malonda, kupatulapo chizindikiro chaching'ono cha bizinesi pamalopo.
• H (mankhwala osokoneza bongo): palibe kugulitsa kapena kupezeka kwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo.
• O (vuto): palibe vuto lililonse pafupi, monga mavuto oimika magalimoto, phokoso, zinyalala kapena makasitomala oyendayenda.
• J (jeugdigen): palibe kugulitsa kwa anthu osakwana zaka 18 komanso palibe kuvomereza ana aang'ono.
• G (zikuluzikulu): palibe kugulitsa kopitilira magalamu 5 pa munthu aliyense patsiku.
• Ine (ingezetenen): kulowa ndi kugulitsa kwa anthu okhala ku Netherlands okha, komwe boma limatsatira izi.

Kuwonjezera pa izi, katundu wogulitsa sayenera kupitirira magalamu 500, ndipo shopu ya khofi siiloledwa kugulitsa mowa. Boma likhoza kuyika zofunikira zina, mwachitsanzo nthawi yotsegulira, mtunda wocheperako kuchokera kusukulu kapena kuchuluka kwakukulu kwa shopu ya khofi m'boma.

Kutsatira malamulo abwino kumaphatikizidwa mu ntchito za tsiku ndi tsiku: ogwira ntchito ophunzitsidwa bwino, buku lolemba ma ID, malamulo omveka bwino a nyumba komanso kasamalidwe ka masheya mosamala. Antchito omwe mumawalemba ntchito amagwera pansi pa lamulo lantchito la ku Netherlands; onani mwachidule lamulo lantchito la ku Netherlands kuti mudziwe malamulo okhudza mapangano ndi kuchotsedwa ntchito.

Kodi mumatsegula kapena kutenga bwanji malo ogulitsira khofi?

Mu boma lomwe limalola malo ogulitsira khofi okha, ndipo nthawi zambiri pongotenga bizinesi yomwe ilipo kale, chifukwa ma boma ambiri achepetsa kapena kuchepetsa chiwerengerocho. Mukufunika chilolezo cha boma ndipo muyenera kulembetsa kuti muwone ngati ndinu wokhulupirika.

Yambani ndi mfundo za malo ogulitsira khofi a m'boma, zomwe zimanena ngati malo ogulitsira khofi amaloledwa, angati, kuti ndi pati komanso pansi pa mikhalidwe iti. Maboma ambiri ali ndi mfundo ya zero ndipo salola malo ogulitsira khofi konse. Mu ena, chiwerengerocho chimakhala chokhazikika ndipo wogwiritsa ntchito watsopano angotenga malo omwe alipo kale.

Kumene malo ogulitsira khofi amaloledwa, boma nthawi zambiri limapereka chigamulo chololeza kapena chilolezo chogwirira ntchito pamalowo, nthawi zambiri mogwirizana ndi malamulo a malo ogulitsira zakudya m'malamulo ake am'deralo. Boma lisanapereke kapena kusamutsa, likhoza kufufuza wopemphayo, opereka ndalama ndi mwini nyumba motsatira Public Administration Probity Screening Act ( Wet Bibob ). Ngati pali chiopsezo chachikulu kuti chilolezocho chigwiritsidwe ntchito kuchita milandu yaupandu kapena kupindula ndi ndalama zaupandu, chilolezocho chikhoza kukanidwa kapena kuchotsedwa. Chifukwa cha chiopsezo chimenecho, komwe ndalama zomwe zinagwiritsidwa ntchito kutenga malo ogulitsira khofi zimafufuzidwa mosamala; nkhani yathu yokhudza kuzindikira ndi kupewa kutsuka ndalama imafotokoza zomwe zikuyenera kugwira ntchito.

Bizinesiyo imalembetsedwa mwachizolowezi. Onani nkhani yathu yokhudza kulembetsa bizinesi ku Netherlands . Kambiranani mapulani anu ndi boma pachiyambi, chifukwa kutenga bizinesi popanda chilolezo choyambirira kungayambitse kukakamizidwa mwachangu.

Kodi malo ogulitsira khofi amawunikidwa bwanji ndipo chilango chake ndi chiyani?

Boma ndi apolisi amachita kafukufuku, nthawi zambiri osalengezedwa. Chilango chachikulu ndi cha utsogoleri: meya akhoza kutseka shopu ya khofi, kwakanthawi kapena kosatha, ndikuchotsa chilolezo chake.

Mphamvu ya meya yotseka malo imachokera ku Article 13b ya Opium Act. Imalola meya kukhazikitsa lamulo loti anthu azitsatira malamulo okhudza kayendetsedwe ka nyumba, monga kutseka, ngati mankhwala akugulitsidwa, kuperekedwa kapena kupezeka pazifukwa zimenezo m'nyumba kapena m'nyumba. Maboma ambiri ali ndi mfundo zofalitsa zokhudza malamulo zomwe zimafotokoza zotsatira za kuphwanya lamulo koyamba, kachiwiri ndi kachitatu, kuyambira ndi chenjezo kapena kutseka kwakanthawi ndikutha ndi kutseka kosatha. Zigamulo zotseka nyumba zitha kutsutsidwa mwa kupereka chitsutso kwa meya kenako ndikupempha apilo kukhoti loyang'anira nyumba, komanso m'milandu yachangu popempha khoti kuti lipereke chigamulo chakanthawi.

Kupatula izi, Unduna wa Zachipongwe ukhoza kutsutsa wogwiritsa ntchito ngati malamulo ololeza aphwanyidwa, mwachitsanzo chifukwa chosunga katundu wambiri kapena kugulitsa mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Malonda opitilira kuchuluka kololedwa adzalandidwa. Kuphwanya malamulo kumatanthauzanso kuti wogwiritsa ntchitoyo amataya chitetezo cha mfundo zololeza khalidwe lomwe likukhudzidwa.

Mphamvu yofanana yotseka nyumba ndi malo ena. Meya akhoza kutseka nyumba yomwe mumapezeka mankhwala osokoneza bongo kapena momwe mumalimidwa chamba, ndipo wobwereka amene amalima chamba ali pachiwopsezo chochotsedwa ndi mwini nyumbayo. Milandu yotereyi imafuna yankho mwachangu, chifukwa nthawi yoletsa kutsutsa ndi kupempha apilo ndi yochepa.

Nanga bwanji za kupezeka kwa zinthu m'masitolo ogulitsa khofi?

Ndondomeko yololera malonda imangokhudza kugulitsa pakhomo lakutsogolo. Kulima ndi kugulitsa zinthu zambiri pakhomo lakumbuyo sikuli kololedwa, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti shopu ya khofi yololedwa iyenera kugula katundu wake kwa wogulitsa wosaloledwa.

Kusagwirizana kumeneku kwakhala kukutsutsidwa kwa zaka zambiri chifukwa kumasunga chakudyacho m'manja mwa zigawenga. Kulima kwamalonda kumatsutsidwa motsatira Nkhani 11 ya Opium Act, ndipo motsatira Nkhani 11, machitidwe okonzekera kulima kwakukulu, monga kupereka zida kapena malo, nawonso amalangidwa.

Pofuna kuyesa njira ina yolamulidwa, boma linayamba kuyesa ndi unyolo wa shopu ya khofi yotsekedwa ( kuyesa gesloten coffeeshopketen ). Gawo lake loyesera linayamba pa 7 Epulo 2025 m'maboma khumi omwe akutenga nawo mbali. Kumeneko, masitolo ogulitsa khofi amangogulitsa chamba chopangidwa ndi alimi omwe asankhidwa ndi boma. Kuyesaku ndi kwakanthawi kochepa ndipo kukuwunikidwa ndi ofufuza m'malo mwa boma. Kunja kwa madera omwe akutenga nawo mbali, mfundo yovomerezeka yololera ikupitilizabe kugwira ntchito yosasinthika.

Kwa ogwira ntchito m'boma lomwe likutenga nawo mbali, kuyesaku kumatanthauza kuti akhoza kugula kuchokera kwa alimi osankhidwa okha ndipo ayenera kukwaniritsa zofunikira zina za malamulo oyesera. Malire a zaka, kuletsa mankhwala osokoneza bongo ndi mowa, komanso malamulo oletsa kusokoneza zinthu akupitirirabe kugwira ntchito.

Kodi mungagwiritse ntchito chamba kuti komanso bwanji?

Mungagwiritse ntchito chamba m'sitolo yogulitsira khofi komanso m'malo achinsinsi, koma maboma akhoza kuletsa kugwiritsa ntchito chamba m'malo opezeka anthu ambiri. Kusuta fodya sikuloledwa mkati mwa sitolo yogulitsira khofi, ndipo kuyendetsa galimoto mutamwa mowa ndi mlandu waukulu.

Maboma ambiri ali ndi madera omwe kusuta chamba pagulu n'koletsedwa, mwachitsanzo m'mizinda kapena m'madera ozungulira masukulu. Malamulowa ali m'malamulo am'deralo ( Algemene Plaatselijke Verordening , APV), ndipo kuphwanya malamulo kungayambitse chindapusa. Yang'anani zizindikiro ndi malamulo am'deralo musanagwiritse ntchito chamba panja.

Lamulo la Fodya ndi Zogulitsa Zosuta ( Tabaks-en rookwarenwet ) limaletsa kusuta fodya m'malo ogulitsira zakudya, kuphatikizapo m'masitolo ogulitsa khofi. Chifukwa chake, zosakaniza ndi fodya sizingasutidwe mkati.

Kuyendetsa galimoto mutagwiritsa ntchito chamba n'koletsedwa motsatira lamulo la Road Traffic Act 1994 ( Wegenverkeerswet 1994 ). Kuyambira mu 2017 pali malire a THC ndi mankhwala ena m'magazi, ndipo apolisi angagwiritse ntchito mayeso a malovu pamsewu. Kupitirira malirewo kungayambitse chindapusa, chiletso choyendetsa galimoto komanso kutaya chilolezo chanu.

Pomaliza, mfundo yololeza kugwiritsa ntchito chamba imagwira ntchito ku Netherlands kokha. Kutenga chamba kudutsa malire ndi mlandu m'maiko oyandikana nawo komanso motsatira malamulo aku Netherlands.

Kodi muyenera kuyang'ana chiyani ngati kasitomala?

Ndondomeko yololera zinthu imateteza kugulitsa mkati mwa shopu ya khofi, osati kugula kapena kugwiritsa ntchito kulikonse.

• Muli ndi zaka 18 kapena kuposerapo ndipo muli ndi chiphaso chovomerezeka.
• Mu boma lomwe limatsatira mfundo zovomerezeka zokhalamo, mutha kuwonetsa chidutswa cha BRP chokhala ndi adilesi ya Chidatchi.
• Simugula magalamu osapitirira 5 patsiku, komanso nokha.
• Mumayang'ana malamulo am'deralo (APV) musanagwiritse ntchito chamba pagulu.
• Simuyendetsa galimoto mutagwiritsa ntchito: malire a THC a Road Traffic Act 1994 amagwira ntchito.

Kodi muyenera kuyang'ana chiyani ngati woyendetsa khofi?

Kuphwanya kamodzi kokha malamulo a AHOJGI kungayambitse kutsekedwa motsatira Article 13b ya Opium Act.

• Ogwira ntchito pakhomo amafufuza zaka, ndipo ngati zavomerezedwa, amakhala pamalo aliwonse olowera, ndikusunga buku lolemba zochitika.
• Zakudya zomwe zili pamalopo sizipitirira magalamu 500.
• Palibe mowa ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo, ndipo fodya sakusuta mkati.
• Mukudziwa mfundo za boma lanu zoyendetsera malamulo komanso chilango cha kuphwanya lamulo koyamba, kachiwiri ndi kachitatu.
• Othandizira ndalama ndi mwini nyumba akhoza kulembetsa Bibob asanatenge.

Kodi tingakuchitireni chiyani ndi malamulo a shopu ya khofi?

Maloya athu a milandu amathandiza ogwira ntchito m'masitolo a khofi, eni nyumba ndi anthu ena ndi zilolezo, malamulo otseka nyumba motsatira Opium Act ndi milandu ya milandu.

• Tikupereka chitsutso chotsutsa lamulo loti titseke nyumba kwa meya mkati mwa nthawi yomaliza ya milungu isanu ndi umodzi.
• Tikupempha khoti loyang'anira kuti lipereke chigamulo cha kanthawi kochepa (voorlopige voorziening) chotsutsa kutsekedwa kwa nyumba nthawi yomweyo.
• Tikukonzekera kutenga ulamuliro ndi boma, kuphatikizapo kusamutsa zilolezo ndi mafunso a Bibob.
• Tikukutetezani pa milandu yokhudza kukhala ndi munthu kapena kulima motsatira Nkhani 11 ndi 11a za Opium Act.
• Timalangiza eni nyumba ndi obwereketsa kuti atseke nyumba kapena achotsedwe m'nyumba akapezeka chamba.

Chidule

• Chamba sichiloledwa ku Netherlands; malo ogulitsira khofi amaloledwa ngati akwaniritsa zofunikira zokhwima.
• Makasitomala ayenera kukhala ndi zaka 18 kapena kuposerapo ndipo sangagule zoposa magalamu 5 patsiku; madera ambiri amalandira anthu okhala m'mizinda yokha.
• Ogwira ntchito ayenera kutsatira malamulo a AHOJGI, osasunga zoposa magalamu 500 a msuzi ndipo asapereke mowa.
• Meya akhoza kutseka shopu ya khofi kapena nyumba motsatira Nkhani 13b ya Opium Act; nthawi yomaliza yotsutsa ndi apilo ndi yochepa.
• Mayeso otsekedwa a shopu ya khofi adayang'anira kupezeka kwa madzi m'maboma khumi kuyambira pa 7 Epulo 2025.

MAFUNSO OFUNSIDWA KAWIRIKAWIRI