Chiyambi: Kodi Ntchito Yothandiza Anthu Ndi Chiyani Ndipo Chifukwa Chiyani Chilangochi Chilipo?
Utumiki wa anthu ndi ntchito yosalipidwa yoperekedwa ndi woweruza kapena woimira boma pa milandu ngati chilango chachikulu cha mlandu. Ntchitoyo ndi yosalipidwa, mosiyana, mwachitsanzo, maphunziro kapena ntchito yokhazikika. Utumiki wa anthu wamba nthawi zambiri umaperekedwa pamlandu, koma njira zina monga chindapusa kapena chilango cha kundende ndizothekanso. Ntchito yothandiza anthu ammudziyi ndi njira ina m'malo mwa kumangidwa ndipo imakhala ndi maola 240 ogwira ntchito zothandiza m'mabungwe osachita phindu moyang'aniridwa ndi ntchito yoyeserera. Kwa omangidwa ndi mabanja awo, izi zikutanthauza mwayi wokhala m'ndende popanda kusokonezedwa kwambiri ndi moyo watsiku ndi tsiku womwe ndende imakhala nayo.
Ntchito zapagulu zimachitika kudzera mu Dutch Probation Service m'mabungwe monga maboma am'deralo, zipatala, mabungwe osamalira ndi Dutch Forestry Commission. Ntchitoyi ndi yosalipidwa ndipo cholinga chake ndi kuthandiza anthu. Ntchito yoyeserera imagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri kuyang'anira kachitidwe ka ntchito zapagulu. M’malo mozimiririka m’ndende, omangidwawo angabweze ngongole zawo kwa anthu mwa kuchita ntchito yopindulitsa anthu a m’deralo.
Bukhuli likukhudza ndondomeko yonse yothandiza anthu, kuyambira pa chiweruzo mpaka kukamaliza bwino. Mudzaphunzira zomwe muyenera kuyembekezera, malamulo otani omwe angagwire ntchito, ndi momwe mungapewere zolakwika zomwe zingayambitse kumangidwa m'malo mwake.
Kumvetsetsa Utumiki Wachigawo: Mfundo zazikuluzikulu ndi matanthauzo
Maziko azamalamulo ndi matanthauzo
Tanthauzo lalamulo la utumiki wa anthu ammudzi likupezeka mu Nkhani 22b ya Criminal Code. Utumiki wa anthu ammudzi uli pansi pa gulu lalikulu la malamulo a utumiki wa anthu ammudzi, omwe akhala mbali ya lamulo la milandu ya akuluakulu ku Netherlands kuyambira 2001. Pali mitundu iwiri ya malamulo a utumiki wa anthu ammudzi: utumiki wa anthu ammudzi (ntchito yosalipidwa) ndi malamulo a maphunziro (maphunziro okakamiza kapena maphunziro).
Malamulo osiyanasiyana amagwira ntchito kwa ana aang'ono, omwe nthawi zambiri amapatsidwa ntchito yophunzitsa anthu m'malo mwa ntchito zapagulu. Onse achichepere ndi akulu atha kupatsidwa ntchito zapagulu. Ofesi ya woimira boma pa milandu ingathe kukakamiza anthu kuti azigwira ntchito zapagulu pamilandu yocheperako, pomwe woweruza atha kuperekanso chigamulochi pamlanduwo akaganizira momwe mlanduwo ulili.
Mgwirizano ndi dongosolo la milandu
Utumiki wapagulu umagwira ntchito ngati chilango chachikulu chokhazikika pamodzi ndi kumangidwa ndi chindapusa. Mfundo yachigamulochi ndi yoti anthu opezeka olakwa azibweza ngongole zawo kwa anthu pogwira ntchito zothandiza panthawi yawo yopuma. Pa nthawi ya utumiki wa anthu ammudzi, munthu wopezeka wolakwa amachitadi ntchito yothandiza moyang’aniridwa ndi ntchito yoyeserera. Nthawi zambiri, maola 60 ogwira ntchito zamagulu ndi ofanana ndi mwezi umodzi wokhala m'ndende. Zilango za kundende zimatha kukhala ndi zotsatira zoyipa m'maganizo ndipo zimakhala zodula kuposa ntchito zapagulu.
Ntchito zapagulu sizingakhazikitsidwe pazolakwa zonse. Mlandu waukulu womwe umakhudza kukhulupirika kwa thupi kapena zolakwa zomwe munthu akhale m'ndende zaka zopitirira zisanu ndi chimodzi atha kukhala osaphatikizapo ntchito zapagulu. Nthawi zina ntchito zapagulu zimasankhidwa zomwe zikugwirizana ndi cholakwacho, mwachitsanzo, kuchotsa graffiti pambuyo pa mlandu wopopera zojambulajambula. Wokayikira sayenera kupereka chilolezo chawo, koma ntchitoyo idzangoyamba pambuyo pokambirana ndi oyang'anira zoyeserera za kuthekera kwake.
Chifukwa Chake Ntchito Yothandiza Pagulu Ndi Yofunika mu Dutch Legal System
Lamulo lothandizira anthu ammudzi latsimikizira phindu kwa omangidwa ndi anthu onse. Kafukufuku wochitidwa ndi makhothi akuwonetsa kuti omangidwa omwe amagwira ntchito zamagulu amakhala ochepera 47% kuti alakwenso poyerekeza ndi omwe alandila chilango chandende. Miyezo yotsika yobwerezabwerezayi imapangitsa ntchito za anthu kukhala chilango chogwira mtima pamilandu yomwe ikuwoneka kuti ndi yoyenera.
Chaka chilichonse, oweruza achi Dutch amalamula pafupifupi 22,500 kuti athandize anthu ammudzi. Omwe akutumikira m'mabungwe ammudzi amagwira ntchito limodzi kwa maola opitilira 2 miliyoni pachaka pantchito zomwe zimapindulitsa anthu. Kuchokera pakutolera zinyalala m'mapaki mpaka kupereka chithandizo m'mabungwe osamalira, ntchitoyi imathandizira kuti pakhale chikhalidwe cha anthu komanso kukonzanso. Utumiki wapagulu umachitika moyang'aniridwa ndi ntchito yoyeserera, yomwe ili ndi udindo wokonza ndi kuyang'anira ntchitoyo. Izi zimatsimikizira kuti ntchito zapagulu zimachitidwa mogwirizana ndi zomwe zakhazikitsidwa komanso kuti munthu wolakwayo agwirizane ndi mapanganowo.
Kutsika mtengo kumathandizanso kwambiri. Kuthandiza anthu kumawonongetsa anthu pafupifupi theka la ndalama zofananira ndi chilango cha ukaidi. Kuphatikiza apo, olakwira amasungabe ntchito zawo, nyumba ndi malo ochezera, zomwe zimathandizira kubwezeretsedwa bwino.
Ziwerengero za Ntchito Zamagulu ndi Kufananiza
| chilango | Mtengo pamwezi | Recidivism mlingo | Zotsatira zamagulu |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ntchito pagulu | €650 | 31 | Zabwino (2 miliyoni+ maola a ntchito yothandiza) |
| Chigamulo cha kundende | €1,300 | 47 | Negative (kudzipatula pagulu) |
| zabwino | €45 | 28 | Wosalowerera ndale (palibe chothandizira mwachindunji) |
Ziwerengerozi zikuwonetsa chifukwa chake malamulo oyendetsera ntchito zamagulu akugwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pamalamulo aku Dutch. Chofunika kwambiri ndi chakuti ntchito zapagulu sizilipidwa; cholinga chake ngati njira yolumikizirana ndi anthu komanso kuyanjananso, mosiyana ndi ntchito yolipidwa nthawi zonse. Zigamulozi zimaperekedwa ndi pafupifupi 180 oyang'anira ntchito zapagulu ku Dutch Probation Service, omwe amayang'anira zikwizikwi za zigamulo zogwirira ntchito zapagulu chaka chilichonse. Zilango zothandizira anthu nthawi zambiri zimachitika m'mabungwe a anthu, monga tauni, komwe, mwachitsanzo, thandizo limaperekedwa m'nyumba zopuma pantchito, kukonza mapaki kapena zinyalala zimachotsedwa m'misewu.
Pang'onopang'ono: Momwe dongosolo lothandizira anthu ammudzi limagwirira ntchito
Khwerero 1: Kuchokera pa Kukhudzika Mpaka Kuyitanira
Woweruza milandu kapena woimira boma pamilandu atapereka lamulo lothandizira anthu ammudzi, Central Judicial Collection Agency (CJIB) imayang'anira utsogoleri. M'miyezi isanu yokha chigamulochi, a Dutch Probation Service adzalumikizana ndi wolakwirayo ndi kalata yomuitana kuti akafunse mafunso.
Nthawi imeneyi ilipo kuti anthu opezeka olakwa apereke nthawi yokadandaula ngati kuli kofunikira. Ndikofunika kumvetsetsa kuti dongosolo lothandizira anthu ammudzi limangoyamba mwalamulo pambuyo pa kuyankhulana ndi Probation Service, koma kuti kuchedwetsa kuyankhulana kotengako sikukuwonjezera nthawi yokonzekera. Njira zonse zoyang'anira zimamalizidwa dongosolo lothandizira anthu ammudzi lisanayambe.
Khwerero 2: Kuyankhulana ndi kuyika
Panthawi yofunsa mafunso, wogwira ntchito zapagulu adzakambirana za inu nokha ndi zomwe mungachite. Maola ogwira ntchito omwe alipo, mikhalidwe yophunzirira ndi zoletsa zilizonse zachipatala zidzaganiziridwa. Kutengera ndi kukambirana uku, oyang'anira oyezetsa adzaona kuti ndi liti komanso komwe mudzagwire ntchito yothandiza anthu ammudzi.
Mukhoza kusankha pakati pa mapulojekiti amagulu (kugwira ntchito zazikulu pamodzi ndi ogwira ntchito zamagulu) kapena kuikidwa kunja kumabungwe monga zipatala, akuluakulu a boma kapena Dutch Forestry Commission. Kuyankhulana kumabweretsa mgwirizano wokhazikitsa malamulo, maola ogwira ntchito ndi zoyembekeza zokhudzana ndi khalidwe lanu ndi kupezeka kwanu.
Gawo 3: Kuchita ndi Kuyang'anira
Dongosolo la ntchito zapagulu limachitika moyang'aniridwa ndi woyang'anira ntchito kapena oyang'anira ntchito pagulu lomwe wapatsidwa. Anthu ambiri omwe amatumikira m'mabungwe a anthu amagwira ntchito m'mabungwe odziwika bwino: kuchokera ku ntchito yokonza ku Staatsbosbeheer kupita ku chithandizo cha utsogoleri m'zipatala, kugwira ntchito m'khitchini kapena kuyang'anira chipatala, komanso kuchokera ku ntchito yoyeretsa m'maboma mpaka kuyang'anira ntchito m'mabungwe osamalira.
Mumasunga kuchuluka kwa maola omwe mwagwira ntchito kudzera pakompyuta ya kasitomala ya digito ya Probation Service. Ngati mukudwala kapena zinthu zina zomwe zikukulepheretsani kupezekapo, muyenera kufotokoza izi munthawi yake motsatira ndondomeko yomwe mwagwirizana. Probation Service imayang'ana nthawi zonse ngati ntchitoyo ikuyenda molingana ndi dongosolo ndipo imapereka chitsogozo pakagwa vuto lililonse.
Udindo wa Probation Service mu madongosolo a ntchito zapagulu
Ntchito yoyeserera ndi ulalo wofunikira kwambiri pakukhazikitsa malamulo ammudzi. Khoti kapena ofesi ya woimira boma pamilandu ikadzaperekedwa ndi khoti kapena ofesi ya woimira boma pa milandu, ntchito yozenga milandu imatenga udindo. Amayang'ana malo abwino ogwirira ntchito omwe akugwirizana ndi mkhalidwe wa munthu wolakwayo, poganizira mtundu wa cholakwacho, zochitika zaumwini ndi mwayi m'deralo. Bungwe la Probation Service limaonetsetsa kuti dongosolo la ntchito za anthu ammudzi likugwirizana kwambiri ndi zolakwa zomwe zachitika, kotero kuti ntchitoyi siili yothandiza kwa anthu komanso imathandizira kuti munthu wolakwayo adziwe.
Pa nthawi ya utumiki wapagulu, wogwira ntchito zachiyembekezo amalumikizana kwambiri ndi munthu wolakwa komanso woyang'anira ntchito kuntchito. Izi zimatsimikizira kuti ntchito zapagulu zimayendetsedwa molingana ndi malamulo omwe adagwirizana komanso mkati mwa nthawi yokhazikitsidwa. Ntchito yoyeserera imapereka chitsogozo, imayankha mafunso ndikulowererapo ngati pabuka mavuto. Ngati malamulowo sakutsatiridwa, bungwe loyesa mayeso lingapereke chenjezo lovomerezeka. Pa milandu yoopsa kapena ngati kuphwanya mobwerezabwereza, mlanduwu umabwereranso ku ofesi ya woimira boma, yomwe ingasankhe kuchitapo kanthu. Mwanjira imeneyi, ntchito yoyeserera imatsimikizira kuti malamulo a ntchito zapagulu akuchitika mwachilungamo, mogwira mtima komanso molingana ndi kufotokozera kwalamulo.
Zotsatira za kulephera kutsatira lamulo lothandizira anthu ammudzi
Kulephera kutsatira mapangano okhudzana ndi lamulo lothandizira anthu ammudzi kumatha kukhala ndi zotsatirapo zoyipa kwa wopezeka wolakwayo. Ngati simutsatira malamulowa, mwachitsanzo, kusakhalapo popanda chifukwa chomveka kapena kuchedwa mwadongosolo, bungwe loyesa mayeso lidzanena izi ndipo chenjezo la boma lingatsatire. Ngati wopezeka wolakwayo akhalabe wosalephera, bungwe lozengedwa mlandu litha kuganiza zothetsa chikalatacho ndikubweza mlanduwo kwa woimira boma pa milandu kapena kukhoti.
Zikatero, lamulo lothandizira anthu ammudzi likhoza kusinthidwa kukhala chigamulo cholowa m'malo. Izi zikutanthauza kuti m'malo momaliza maola otsala a ntchito zapagulu, muyenera kukhala m'ndende. Chiŵerengero chalamulo ndi chakuti pa maola a 2 aliwonse a ntchito zamagulu osamalizidwa, tsiku limodzi landende lidzaperekedwa. Izi zitha kuwonjezereka mwachangu, makamaka pankhani ya maulamuliro anthawi yayitali ammudzi. Kutsekeredwa m'malo kumatumizidwa kundende, ndi zotsatira zake zonse zomwe zimakhudza ntchito yanu, banja lanu komanso ziyembekezo zamtsogolo. Chifukwa chake ndikofunikira kuti muzitsatira mosamalitsa malamulo ndi mapangano a dongosolo lothandizira anthu ammudzi ndipo nthawi zonse muzilumikizana ndi oyang'anira mayeso munthawi yabwino ngati mukukumana ndi zovuta.
Kukana kutembenuka kwa dongosolo la ntchito zapagulu
Pamene lamulo la ntchito za anthu wamba lasinthidwa kukhala chigamulo cholowa m'malo, wopezeka wolakwayo samangoyenera kuvomereza izi. Ndizotheka kutsutsa chisankhochi. Kutsutsa kumeneku kuyenera kuperekedwa molemba, nthawi zambiri mkati mwa masiku 14 atalandira chigamulo chotembenuka. Potsutsa, munthu wolakwayo ayenera kufotokoza chifukwa chake lamulo la ntchito zapagulu silinakwaniritsidwe (mokwanira) ndikuwonetsa kuti panali chifukwa chomveka, monga matenda kapena force majeure.
Woweruza adzawunika kutsutsa ndikusankha ngati kutembenuka kukhala m'malo otsekeredwa kunali koyenera. Ngati chitsutsocho chikutsatiridwa, woweruza angasankhe kuti lamulo la utumiki wa anthu likhoza kuchitidwabe kapena kuti chilango china chiperekedwe. Ndi nzeru kufunafuna thandizo lalamulo, mwachitsanzo kwa loya, popereka chitsutso. Izi zidzakulitsa mwayi woti kutsutsa kwanu kukhala kozikidwa pazifukwa zomveka komanso kwa woweruza kuti aweruze mokomera inu. Njira yokanirayi ikupereka mwayi kwa anthu opezeka olakwa kuti apewe kukhala m’ndende chifukwa cha lamulo loti agwire ntchito yothandiza anthu m’dera limene silinamalizidwe.
Zolakwa zofala m'malamulo a ntchito zapagulu
Kufika mochedwa popanda kudziwitsa ndi cholakwika chofala kwambiri. Izi zimapangitsa kuti munthu achenjezedwe ndipo, ngati zibwerezedwanso, amasanduka munthu womangidwa m'malo mwa munthu wina. Tsiku lililonse la chilango cha kundende limafanana ndi maola awiri a ntchito za anthu zomwe simunachite.
Kupeputsa zotsatira za mbiri yanu yaupandu ndi cholakwika chofala. Lamulo lothandiza anthu ammudzi limalembedwa m'makalata a khoti ndipo lingakhale ndi zotsatirapo pa ma fomu a VOG (Satifiketi ya Makhalidwe Abwino) ndi ntchito zina.
Kusalankhulana mokwanira ndi bungwe loyang'anira milandu ya anthu omwe akhudzidwa ndi ...
Malangizo Abwino: Lumikizanani ndi mkulu wanu wa zachiwopsezo nthawi yomweyo ngati mukukumana ndi mavuto aliwonse. Kulankhulana mwachangu kumateteza mavuto ang'onoang'ono kuti asakule kwambiri monga kumangidwa m'malo mwa munthu wina.
Chitsanzo chothandiza: Ntchito zothandizira anthu ku Unduna wa Zachitetezo ku Oirschot
Mlandu: Jan (32) anapatsidwa maola 80 a ntchito ya anthu ammudzi chifukwa chophwanya malamulo apamsewu pomwe wina anavulala pang'ono. Monga wantchito wanthawi zonse, ankafuna kupereka chilangocho popanda kutaya ntchito yake.
Poyambira: Pambuyo pa kuyankhulana ndi anthu, Jan adayikidwa ku ofesi ya Unduna wa Zachitetezo ku Oirschot, komwe amatha kugwira ntchito kumapeto kwa sabata komanso madzulo amodzi pa sabata.
Ntchito: Jan ankagwira ntchito yokonza nyumba, kukonza malo ndi kupaka utoto motsogozedwa ndi woyang'anira. Ntchitoyi imachitika m'malo okonzedwa bwino komanso ntchito zomveka bwino.
Zotsatira zake: Jan adamaliza bwino ntchito yake yothandiza anthu ammudzi mkati mwa miyezi itatu. Chifukwa cha maola ogwira ntchito osinthasintha, adapitiliza ntchito yake ndipo adatha kubweza ngongole yake ku bungwe pogwira ntchito yothandiza. Jan adachita bwino ntchito yake yothandiza anthu ammudzi ndipo adachita ntchito zonse moyenera.
| Nthawi | wosaiwalika | Maola atha |
|---|---|---|
| Masabata 1-2 | Kuyankhulana ndi kuyika | 0 |
| Masabata 3-6 | Nthawi yoyambira | 32 |
| Masabata 7-10 | Kukhazikitsa nthawi zonse | 64 |
| Masabata 11-12 | akamaliza | 80 |
Kutsiliza: Mfundo zazikuluzikulu zokhuza ntchito za mdera
Utumiki wa anthu ndi chilango chogwira ntchito chomwe chimapangitsa kuti anthu achepetse kubwerezabwereza kusiyana ndi chilango cha ndende ndipo nthawi yomweyo amathandiza anthu. Ndi maola ochuluka a 240 ogwira ntchito moyang'aniridwa ndi Dutch Probation Service, olakwa amapatsidwa mwayi wobweza ngongole popanda zotsatira zosokoneza za ndende.
Kutsatiridwa mwamphamvu ndi malamulo komanso kulankhulana panthawi yake ndi ntchito yoyeserera kumalepheretsa kutembenuka kukhala m'malo otsekeredwa. Kukhala m'gulu la anthu omwe amapatsidwa ntchito zamagulu kumatanthauza mwayi wachiwiri wosonyeza kuti mungathe kusintha khalidwe lanu.
Cholinga cha ntchito zapagulu chimadutsa kuposa chilango chokha - chimathandizira kukonzanso ndi kupewa zolakwa zatsopano. Ngati muli ndi vuto kapena mafunso okhudza ntchito yanu m'dera lanu, ndibwino kuti mulumikizane ndi Probation Service nthawi yomweyo kapena funsani upangiri wazamalamulo kwa loya.
Gawo lotsatira: Kodi muli ndi mafunso okhuza vuto lanu lenileni? Chonde funsani woyang'anira zoyeserera kapena funsani loya pa Law & More kwa upangiri wanu wamalamulo okhudza dongosolo lanu lazantchito mdera lanu.
Mafunso omwe amafunsidwa kawirikawiri okhudza ntchito za anthu ammudzi monga chiganizo ku Netherlands
Kodi lamulo lothandizira anthu ammudzi liwoneka pa mbiri yanga yaupandu?
Inde, lamulo lothandizira anthu ammudzi limalembedwa m'mabuku oweruza. Izi zitha kukhala ndi zotsatirapo zopezera Chikalata cha Makhalidwe Abwino, kutengera mtundu waudindo womwe mukufunsira.
Kodi ndingapereke chotsutsa kusinthidwa kukhala mndende?
Inde, pasanathe masiku 14 chigamulocho, mutha kukana kusinthidwa kukhala m'malo mwa loya. Ndikofunikira kuchita izi munthawi yabwino.
Kodi ndiyenera kupita kutchuthi kuti ndikagwire ntchito zapagulu?
Inde, ntchito zapagulu zimachitika munthawi yanu yaulere. Abwana anu sakakamizidwa kukupatsani tchuthi, choncho konzani izi pasadakhale ndi ntchito yoyeserera komanso abwana anu.
Kodi chimachitika ndi chiyani ngati mutadwala panthawi yothandiza anthu?
Muyenera kunena za matenda anu motsatira ndondomeko yomwe mwagwirizana ndipo, ngati n'koyenera, perekani satifiketi yachipatala. Kudwala sikungowonjezera nthawiyo, choncho yambiranso ndandanda yanthawi zonse mwamsanga.
Kodi ndingapangire ndekha malo antchito?
Ayi, ntchito yoyezetsa nthawi zonse imasankha malowo potengera kuyenerera, kupezeka komanso mtundu wamilandu. Komabe, mutha kuwonetsa zomwe mumakonda panthawi yofunsa mafunso.
Kodi chilango cha mlandu ku Netherlands ndi chiyani pankhani yotumikira anthu m'dera?
Ntchito ya anthu ammudzi ndi ntchito yopanda malipiro yomwe woweruza milandu kapena wozenga milandu amalamula ngati chilango chachikulu pa mlandu waupandu, womwe umakhala ndi maola 240 ogwira ntchito yothandiza m'mabungwe osachita phindu, omwe amachitidwa motsogozedwa ndi Probation Service m'malo mwa kumangidwa.
Kodi ntchito yothandiza anthu m'dera lanu ikufanana bwanji ndi chilango cha kundende pankhani ya maola ogwira ntchito?
Kawirikawiri, maola 60 a ntchito za anthu ammudzi amaonedwa ngati ofanana ndi mwezi umodzi wokhala m'ndende.
Kodi ntchito yothandiza anthu m'dera ingaperekedwe pa mlandu uliwonse?
Ayi, ntchito yothandiza anthu onse siingaperekedwe pa milandu yonse. Milandu ikuluikulu yomwe imakhudza umphumphu wa thupi, kapena milandu yokhala ndi chilango cha kundende choposa malire ena, nthawi zambiri imachotsedwa pa chisankho ichi.
Ndani angapereke lamulo loti anthu azigwira ntchito m'dera lawo?
Ofesi ya wozenga milandu ya boma ikhoza kulamula kuti anthu azichita zinthu zothandiza anthu pa milandu yochepa, pomwe woweruza milandu akhozanso kupereka chilangochi panthawi yomvetsera mlandu ataona momwe mlanduwo unachitikira.
