Mtengo wa chisudzulo ku Netherlands: zomwe mumalipiradi

Pafupifupi funso lililonse lomwe timalandira kuchokera ku mayiko ena lokhudza kusudzulana ku Netherlands limayamba ndi funso lomweli: kodi izi zidzawononga ndalama zingati? Palibe yankho limodzi, chifukwa kusudzulana ku Netherlands si chinthu chokhala ndi mtengo wake. Ndi ndalama zosiyana - loya, ndalama za khothi, nthawi zina bailiff, notary, wowerengera mtengo - ndipo kukula kwake kumadalira momwe awirinu mukusemphana maganizo.

Yankho lalifupi

Chisudzulo chomwe okwatirana onse awiri avomerezana ndikupereka pempho limodzi kudzera mwa loya mmodzi ndiye njira yotsika mtengo kwambiri: ndalama zolipirira akatswiri, ndalama zolipirira khothi limodzi. Chisudzulo chomwe okwatirana aliyense amalangiza loya wawo ndipo khothi limasankha nyumba, chisamaliro, penshoni ndi ana ndizokwera mtengo kwambiri, ndipo zilibe malire odalirika, chifukwa mtengo wake umatsatira nthawi yomwe mkanganowo umatenga. Kuthetsa mkangano kumakhala pakati.

Loya ndi wokakamizidwa: simungalembe nokha pempho la chisudzulo ku Netherlands, ngakhale nonse awiri mutagwirizana kwathunthu.

Zigawo za biluyi

Siyanitsani ndalama za akatswiri, zomwe zimasiyana malinga ndi kampani, ndi ndalama zovomerezeka, zokhazikitsidwa ndi lamulo.

Ndalama za loya: mtengo wa ola limodzi poyerekeza ndi ndalama zokhazikika

Palibe chiwongola dzanja chalamulo cha maloya ku Netherlands. Mitengo imasiyana malinga ndi zaka zawo, luso lawo, komanso mzinda. Funsani kampani iliyonse kuti ikupatseni mtengo wake musanaiuze.

Kulipira kwa ola limodzi

Mumalipidwa nthawi yomwe mwagwiritsa ntchito, nthawi zambiri mu mphindi zisanu ndi chimodzi, pamtengo womwe uli m'kalata yolonjezedwa. Makampani ena amawonjezera peresenti ya ndalama zomwe mumawononga muofesi; ena amaphatikiza - funsani kuti ndi iti. Kulipira kwa ola limodzi ndi koona pankhani yosatsimikizika koma sikupereka malire. Pemphani kuti muwerengere mtengo wake, zomwe mukuganiza, ndi lonjezo loti akuchenjezeni musanapitirire.

Malipiro okhazikika

Makampani ambiri amapereka ndalama zokhazikika pa pempho losagwirizana, kapena pagawo lililonse. Limagwira ntchito pomwe cholinga chake chili chodziwikiratu komanso pamene sichili bwino, ndichifukwa chake palibe amene amapereka chimodzi pa chisudzulo chomwe chikutsutsidwa. Funso lofunika kwambiri ndilakuti kodi ndi chiyani chomwe chili kunja kwa izi: ndalama za khothi, ndalama za bailiff, ndalama za notarial, mtengo wa zinthu ndi kumasulira nthawi zambiri zimayikidwa pamwamba. Lembani zinthu zomwe sizikuperekedwa m'makalata.

Ndalama ya khothi (griffierecht)

Ndalama zolipirira khothi zimakhazikitsidwa ndi lamulo ndipo zimasinthidwa chaka chilichonse. Chisudzulo chimawerengedwa ngati mlandu wamtengo wosatsimikizika, chifukwa pempho loti ukwati uthe silingafotokozedwe ngati ndalama. Ku khothi lachigawo (rechtbank) pali mtengo wamba wa munthu wamba komanso mtengo wotsika kwambiri kwa munthu amene akuyenerera kukhala ndi ndalama zochepa (onvermogend). Zonsezi zalembedwa mu annex ya Wet griffierechten burgerlijke zaken, zimasinthidwa chaka chilichonse, ndipo zimafalitsidwa m'matebulo a ndalama zolipirira khothi pa rechtspraak.nl; werengani tebulo la chaka chomwe mumapereka. Palibe VAT yomwe imalipidwa pa ndalama zolipirira khothi.

Pempho logwirizana motsutsana ndi pempho la mbali imodzi

Pamene okwatirana onse awiri alangiza loya mmodzi ndikupereka pempho logwirizana (gemeenschappelijk verzoek), ndalama imodzi imaperekedwa pakati pawo: Wet griffierechten burgerlijke zaken ikunena mu nkhani 15 kuti magulu omwe akuwonekera kudzera mwa loya mmodzi ndikutenga maudindo ofanana amalipiridwa ndalama imodzi ya khothi. Mwachidule, ndalama imodzi imalipidwa kamodzi ndipo okwatiranawo amagawana pakati pawo.

Pamene m'modzi mwa akazi kapena amuna kapena akazi apereka pempho lokhala ndi mbali imodzi (eenzijdig verzoek), wopemphayo amalipira akapereka pempholo. Nkhani 3 ya lamulo lomweli imafuna ndalama zolipirira pempholo kapena chitetezo , kotero m'modzi mwa akazi kapena akazi omwe apereka chitetezo (verweerschrift) amalipiritsidwanso: ndalama ziwiri m'malo mwa imodzi, ndipo - chofunika kwambiri - ndalama ziwiri za loya. Pa apilo, ndalama zatsopano komanso zokwera zimafunika.

Ndalama zomwe woweruza milanduyo ayenera kupereka pamene pempholi liyenera kuperekedwa

Mu chisudzulo cha mbali imodzi, pempho silifika ndi positi. Nkhani 816 ya Code of Civil Procedure imafuna kuti kopi iperekedwe kwa mwamuna kapena mkazi wina ndi khoti (gerechtsdeurwaarder) mkati mwa nthawi yochepa yovomerezeka. Ngati mwaphonya pempholo, pempholo linganenedwe kuti silingavomerezedwe - zomwe zikutanthauza kulipira kuti muyambitsenso.

Milandu ya a Bailiff pa milandu yovomerezeka imachepetsedwa ndi Besluit tarieven ambtshandelingen gerechtsdeurwaarders (Btag), yosinthidwa chaka chilichonse. Utumiki motsatira nkhani 816 Rv uli pansi pa nkhani 2 Btag mzere wopereka pempho, osati mzere wapamwamba wa chikalata choitanira: kuti mtengo wa msonkho umakhazikika mu annex ku Btag ndikusinthidwa chaka chilichonse, ndipo VAT imawonjezeredwa pamwamba pa kasitomala wolangiza.

Pempho logwirizana silikhala ndi ndalama zolipirira khoti: palibe chomwe chimafunika kutumikiridwa. Kumene mwamuna kapena mkazi winayo amakhala kunja kwa dziko, utumiki umakhala wokwera mtengo kwambiri komanso wochedwa, kudzera mu njira ya utumiki ya EU kapena Hague Service Convention. Kwa mayiko ena, ichi ndi chinthu cha bajeti yeniyeni.

Ndalama zolipirira notary ngati chikalata chaumboni chikufunika

Chisudzulo chokha sichifuna notary; zinthu zingapo zomwe zimatsagana nacho zimachita. Chofala kwambiri ndi nyumba ya banja: ngati m'modzi mwa okwatirana atenga katundu wogwirizana, kusamutsa gawo kumafuna chikalata chovomerezeka cha notarial deed of division (akte van verdeling), cholembetsedwa ku Land Registry (Kadaster). Kutulutsa m'banja kuchokera ku ngongole ya nyumba yogwirizana kumafuna chilolezo cha wobwereketsa, ndipo kusintha mapangano asanakwatirane ndi ntchito ya notarial.

Ndalama zolipirira nyumba sizinakhazikitsidwe ndi msonkho kwa zaka zambiri. Notary aliyense amapereka mawu ake momasuka ndipo mitengo imasiyana kwambiri pa chikalata chomwecho, choncho pezani mawu awiri kapena atatu. Ndalama zolipirira nyumba zimawonjezedwa ngati ndalama zolipirira nyumba. Kaya msonkho wosamutsa nyumba uyenera kulipidwa pa kusamutsa nyumba kumadalira dongosolo la katundu wa ukwati, ndipo kusiyana kwake kungakhale kwakukulu. Ngati nyumbayo yagwa m'gulu la anthu okwatirana, kuigawa pakati pa anthu okwatirana sikuonedwa ngati kugula nyumbayo motsatira chigawo. 3 cha Wet op belastingen van rechtsverkeer, kotero palibe chomwe chiyenera kulipidwa. Ngati anthu okwatiranawo akwatirana pansi pa mapangano asanakwatirane kupatula anthu ammudzi uliwonse ndikungogwira nyumbayo limodzi, lamuloli silikugwira ntchito, ndipo udindowo umatsegula chikhululukiro mu chigawo. 15 cha lamulo lomwelo logawa katundu wogwirizana - likupezeka pokhapokha ngati katunduyo adagulidwa limodzi ndipo ufulu wa aliyense uli pakati pa 40 ndi 60 peresenti, zachuma komanso zalamulo. Kunja kwa magulu amenewo msonkho wosamutsa nyumba uyenera kulipidwa pa gawo lomwe lagulidwa. Ikani zikalata ndi pangano la ukwati pamaso pa notary musanagwirizane za kugawikana m'malo mochita zimenezo, ndipo tsimikizirani za msonkho ndi notary kapena mlangizi wa misonkho: sitipereka upangiri pa za msonkho.

Ndalama zolipirira

Kuyimira mlandu si njira ya khothi ndipo kulibe ndalama zolipirira zomwe zakhazikitsidwa ndi malamulo. Oyimira mlandu amalipira pa ola limodzi, kapena ngati phukusi lophimba magawo omwe agwirizana kuphatikiza mgwirizano wothetsera milandu (echtscheidingsconvenant). Ndalamazo nthawi zambiri zimagawidwa, ngakhale kugawanika kosalingana kungavomerezedwe pamene ndalama zimasiyana kwambiri. Mkhalapakati, ngakhale amenenso ndi woyimira mlandu, sangapereke pempho lanu paudindo umenewo: woyimira mlandu amapititsabe mgwirizanowo kukhothi. Makampani omwe akugwira ntchito zonse ziwiri amapewa kulipira kawiri chifukwa cha kuwerengedwa komweko.

Akatswiri: owerengera ndalama, akatswiri a zachuma ndi owerengera ndalama

Ndalama zomwe akatswiri amawononga ndi zomwe makasitomala salipira bajeti, ndipo m'mabanja omwe ali ndi chuma chochuluka amatha kupitirira ndalama zomwe loya amalipira.

• Wowerengera mtengo wa katundu (wokhometsa msonkho). Pakufunika pamene simukugwirizana mtengo wa nyumba. Mtengo umodzi woperekedwa pamodzi ndi wotsika mtengo; ziwiri kuphatikiza gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu kuti mudule tayi ndi wokwera mtengo.
• Katswiri wa ndalama za penshoni. Kulinganiza kokhazikika pansi pa Wet verevening pensioenrechten bij scheiding kumayendetsedwa ndi wopereka penshoni pa fomu yodziwitsa ndipo sikufuna actuary. Munthu amakhala wofunikira pamene penshoni ili mu kampani ya director, pomwe kusintha (conversie) kumasankhidwa, kapena pamene mukukambirana kuti musiye kusakhulupirika kwalamulo.
• Wowerengera ndalama za bizinesi kapena wowerengera ndalama za forensic. Pakufunika ngati m'modzi mwa okwatirana ali ndi gawo la bizinesi kapena kampani lomwe liyenera kuwerengedwa mtengo wake pa gawo kapena kuwerengera ndalama zosamalira.

Choyambitsa ndalama ndi kubwerezabwereza, osati ukatswiri. Khoti likasankha katswiri, limalamula kuti ndalamazo ziperekedwe lipotilo lisanalembedwe.

Kodi n’chiyani chimasiyanitsa njira zitatuzi?

Kusiyana kwa ndalama zomwe khoti limapereka ndi ndalama imodzi poyerekeza ndi ziwiri. Sizimene zimapangitsa kuti kusudzulana komwe kumatsutsidwa kukhale kokwera mtengo. Zinthu zinayi ndi izi:

• Maloya awiri m'malo mwa m'modzi. Kalata iliyonse inawerengedwa kawiri, udindo uliwonse wolembedwa kawiri, mlandu uliwonse unaperekedwa kawiri — kuwirikiza kawiri mtengo wa ntchito usanayambe mkangano uliwonse.
• Misonkhano. Pempho logwirizana nthawi zambiri limasankhidwa pa mapepala popanda kumva kalikonse; mlandu wotsutsana umakhala ndi umodzi, nthawi zambiri woposa pamenepo.
• Zopempha zina. Zosamalira, katundu, penshoni, nyumba ndi makonzedwe a ana zitha kutsutsidwa padera, chilichonse chikupempha ma fomu anthawi yochepa.
• Nthawi. Chisudzulo chosatsutsidwa chingachitike m'khoti kwa milungu ingapo; chisudzulo chomwe chikutsutsidwa chimatenga miyezi ingapo, ndipo mwezi uliwonse umapereka makalata ndi malangizo atsopano.

Kuyambitsa mkhalapakati kumalipira ndalama: mumalipira zokambirana zokonzedwa bwino, ndipo ngati zikugwira ntchito, chilichonse chimakhala chotsika mtengo - loya mmodzi, pempho limodzi, ndalama imodzi, osamva mlandu.

Thandizo lazamalamulo lothandizidwa (gefinancierde rechtsbijstand)

Ngati ndalama zomwe mumapeza komanso ndalama zanu zili zochepa, boma limalipira ndalama zambiri za loya wanu kapena mkhalapakati wanu ndipo inu mumalipira ndalama zokhazikika. Ndondomekoyi ikuyendetsedwa ndi Raad voor Rechtsbijstand.

Ndani akuyenerera: mayeso a ndalama ndi ndalama

Mayeso onsewa ayenera kukwaniritsidwa, pogwiritsa ntchito ziwerengero zanu za msonkho kuchokera chaka chofotokozera (peiljaar), chomwe ndi chaka chachiwiri cha kalendala musanapemphe fomu yofunsira. Miyezo ndi iyi:

• Ndalama: ndalama zomwe zimaperekedwa msonkho pachaka mpaka pamlingo wocheperako womwe wakhazikitsidwa kwa munthu m'modzi wofunsira kuposa munthu wokwatira, wokhala naye limodzi kapena kholo limodzi.
• Capital: Katundu wokwera kufika pa denga pa munthu aliyense, kawiri pomwe awiri amawerengedwa pamodzi. Raad voor Rechtsbijstand imakonza denga lonse la chaka chilichonse ndikuzifalitsa; tengani ziwerengero kuchokera pamenepo musanaganize kuti mwasiya dongosololi.

Ngati zinthu zanu zasintha kwambiri kuyambira chaka chofotokozera — chomwe chimachitika kawirikawiri pa kulekana — mutha kupempha kuti chipitirire patsogolo (peiljaarverlegging). Nthawi yomaliza ndi yochepa, choncho ikwezeni nthawi yomweyo. Thandizo la zamalamulo lingawunikidwenso pambuyo pake: ngati chisudzulo chikukusiyirani ndalama kapena katundu woposa theka la bokosi la 3 ndalama zothandizira ndalama zopanda msonkho kwa munthu m'modzi — malire ogwiritsidwa ntchito poyesa zotsatira, ogwiritsidwa ntchito kwa aliyense payekhapayekha — thandizolo likhoza kuchotsedwa ndipo kubweza kumafunika.

Zopereka zaumwini (eigen bijdrage)

Ngati thandizo la zamalamulo laperekedwa, mumalipira ndalama zokhazikika, zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi ndalama zomwe mumapeza. Malamulo a banja ali ndi zigawo zambiri kuposa madera ambiri a zamalamulo.

Pali magawo asanu a ndalama, kuyambira otsika kwambiri, omwe amagwira ntchito ku ndalama zochepa kwambiri, mpaka apamwamba kwambiri pamwamba pa mulingo woyenera, ndipo kuchepetsedwa kokhazikika kumagwiritsidwa ntchito ku gulu lililonse lomwe muli. Maguluwa amakhazikitsidwa padera kwa wofunsira m'modzi komanso kwa okwatirana kapena kholo limodzi. Pa chithandizo chothandizidwa , choperekacho ndi gawo laling'ono la chiwerengero cha milandu yothandizira, m'magulu awiri osati asanu. Raad voor Rechtsbijstand imakonza ndalama zonsezi pachaka chilichonse cha kalendala ndikuzifalitsa pamodzi ndi malire oyenerera, kotero gwiritsani ntchito kuchokera patebulo lamakono osati kuchokera pa chiwerengero chomwe chatchulidwa m'nkhani.

Woyimira mlandu wanu kapena mkhalapakati wanu akufunsira ntchito m'malo mwanu, ndipo chisudzulo chokhala ndi madandaulo angapo owonjezera chingaphatikizepo ndalama zopitilira imodzi, chilichonse chili ndi zopereka zake.

Ndalama yochepetsedwa ya khothi

Thandizo la zamalamulo limatsegulanso ndalama zochepetsedwa za khothi, koma osati zokha. Nkhani 16 ya Wet griffierechten burgerlijke zaken imafuna kuti chikalata chothandizira — chisankho cha thandizo la zamalamulo (toevoeging) kapena lipoti la ndalama kuchokera ku Bungwe — chiperekedwe pamodzi ndi pempholi. Ngati laperekedwa mochedwa, mtengo wonse umagwira ntchito.

Loket yalamulo ndi njira yodziwira matenda ndi triage

Het Juridisch Loket ndi ofesi yopereka chidziwitso cha zamalamulo yothandizidwa ndi boma: upangiri woyamba waulere, lingaliro loona mtima ngati vuto lanu likufunika loya, komanso kutumizidwa patsogolo. M'mbuyomu, kupeza chikalata chodziwitsa matenda kuchokera pamenepo kunapangitsa kuti pakhale kuchotsera pa zomwe munthu wapereka. Chofunikira chimenecho chathetsedwa: kuchepetsedwa kwachizolowezi tsopano kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kokha pamene thandizo la zamalamulo laperekedwa. Loket ikadali yoyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pokonza milandu, koma sikuyeneranso kukhala chifukwa cha ndalama.

Ndani amalipira ndalama za ndani

Mu milandu yachibadwidwe ya ku Netherlands, munthu wotayika amalipira ndalama za wopambana. Milandu ya m'banja ndi yosiyana kwambiri. Nkhani 237 ya Code of Civil Procedure imalola khothi kulipira ndalama pakati pa okwatirana, okwatirana olembetsedwa, anzawo ena a moyo ndi achibale apamtima, ndipo pamilandu yosudzulana ndi zomwe makhothi amachita nthawi zonse. Bajeti imadalira momwe chipani chilichonse chilili ndi yake . Lamulo la ndalama motsatira nkhani 289 ya Code yomweyi ndi lotheka, koma losungidwa pazochitika zomwe khothi limaona kuti sizoyenera - kuletsa kosalekeza, kapena kulephera kuulula ndalama mobwerezabwereza.

Lamulo limenelo ndi lonena za ndalama zomwe ziyenera kulipidwa pazochitikazo, ndipo siliyenera kusokonezedwa ndi kugawa katundu. Palibe lamulo lalikulu loti ndalama zosudzulana zithetsedwe pakati pa okwatirana ngati gawo la mgwirizano wa katundu wa ukwati. Ngati pali mapangano a ukwati, zomwe zili mkati mwawo ndi chilichonse chomwe magulu awiriwa agwirizana ndizofunika kwambiri. Lamulo la milandu lomwe lanenedwa limagwira ntchito makamaka ndi ndalama za banja, ufulu wolipirira ndi udindo wa ngongole; silikhazikitsa ndalama zamilandu ngati chinthu china chosiyana cha anthu ammudzi kapena kusudzulana.

VAT

VAT imalipidwa pa ntchito zaukadaulo pamtengo wamba wa ku Dutch: ndalama za loya ndi mkhalapakati, ndalama za notarial, malipoti a akatswiri ndi ndalama za bailiff monga momwe zimalipidwa kwa kasitomala wophunzitsa. Pali zinthu ziwiri zomwe sizili kunja kwa izi: ndalama za khothi sizili ndi VAT, ndipo zopereka zaumwini pansi pa chithandizo chalamulo ndi ndalama zokhazikika zomwe VAT siyiwonjezeredwa. Monga kasitomala wachinsinsi simungathe kubweza VAT, choncho yerekezerani mawu omwe ali pa chiwerengero chophatikizidwa.

Njira zothandiza kuti mtengo ukhale wotsika

• Gwirizanani choyamba, kenako fayizani kachiwiri. Pempho logwirizana silikhala lotsika mtengo kokha pa kauntala - limachotsa bailiff, milandu ndi loya wachiwiri. Ngati palibe mkangano weniweni wa zofuna, loya mmodzi kapena mkhalapakati amadula ndalama zaukadaulo.
• Lembani dongosolo la ndalama musanapereke malangizo. Mtengo wa ola limodzi, kaya ndalama zogwiritsidwa ntchito muofesi zawonjezedwa, ndalama zokhazikika zomwe zimaphatikizapo, ndi ndalama zomwe zimaperekedwa.
• Dzisamalireni nokha zikalata. Malipoti a malipiro, kubweza msonkho, malipoti a ngongole ya nyumba, zowerengera za penshoni, malipoti a banki, ziphaso za ukwati ndi kubadwa. Kulipira mitengo yaukadaulo kuti mupeze mapepala omwe mungatole madzulo ndiye mtengo wofala kwambiri womwe ungapewedwe.
• Phunzitsani katswiri mmodzi pamodzi. Malipoti opikisana owerengera mtengo ndi okwera mtengo ndipo nthawi zambiri samakhala otsimikiza.
• Yang'anani msanga kuti muyenerere thandizo la zamalamulo, ndipo funsani za kusuntha chaka chofotokozera ngati ndalama zanu zatsika kuyambira pamene munapatukana. Onaninso inshuwalansi yanu ya ndalama zalamulo: mapolisi ambiri aku Dutch sachotsa chisudzulo, koma ena amaphimba zopempha zina.
• Chitani dongosolo la kulera bwino nthawi yoyamba. Chimodzi chimafunika ndi pempho motsatira nkhani 815 ya Code of Civil Procedure, ndipo dongosolo losamveka bwino limapangitsa kuti milandu yotsatira ikhale yokwera mtengo.