Magulu akunja nthawi zambiri amakumana ndi Raad van State mochedwa, ndipo komwe kuli kofunika kwambiri: khoti lachigawo lagamula, ndipo mawu omaliza ndi a bungwe lomwe ambiri amalidziwa ngati bungwe lolangiza ku Boma. Ndi zonse ziwiri. Nkhaniyi ikufotokoza zomwe Bungwe la Boma lili, zomwe Dipatimenti yake Yoyang'anira Malamulo imasankha, momwe mungadziwire ngati mlandu wanu uli woyenera, komanso momwe apilo yayikulu imachitikira.
Bungwe limodzi, ntchito ziwiri
Bungwe la Boma (Raad van State) ndi bungwe lokhazikitsidwa ndi malamulo lomwe lili ku The Hague. Mfumu ndiye Purezidenti wake; utsogoleri wa tsiku ndi tsiku uli m'manja mwa Wachiwiri kwa Purezidenti, ndipo mamembala ake — staatsraden — amasankhidwa moyo wawo wonse ndi Lamulo lachifumu. Maziko ake ndi Wet op de Raad van State, ndipo ili ndi magawo awiri omwe akuchita ntchito zosiyana kwambiri.
- Gawo la Uphungu (Afdeling adviser) amalangiza Boma ndi Nyumba Yamalamulo pa malamulo: malamulo, malamulo m'makhonsolo ndi mapangano. Amapereka malingaliro mazana angapo pachaka, ambiri mwa iwo mkati mwa miyezi itatu; ziwerengero zenizeni zimafalitsidwa mu lipoti la pachaka la Council of State.
- Gawo la Malamulo Oyendetsera Ntchito (Afdeling bestuursrechtspraak) ndi khoti - bwalo lamilandu lalikulu kwambiri ku Netherlands. Imakhala m'zipinda zitatu: Environment and Planning (Omgevingskamer), General (Algemene kamer) ndi Immigration (Vreemdelingenkamer).
Wachiwiri yekha ndiye amasankha milandu; maloya aku Dutch akamanena kuti “Afdeling”, amatanthauza zimenezo.
Chifukwa chiyani awiriwa amalekanitsidwa: funso la Strasbourg
Makasitomala amafunsa, moyenera, momwe bungwe lomwe limathandizira kulemba lamuloli lingaweruzire milandu yomwe ili pansi pake. Mu mlandu wa Procola v Luxembourg, Khoti Lalikulu la Ufulu wa Anthu ku Ulaya linapeza kuphwanya Article 6 ya Mgwirizano wa Ufulu wa Anthu ku Ulaya pomwe mamembala a Luxembourg Conseil d'État adagamula pa lamulo lomwe adapereka upangiri kale. Kutsutsa komweko kunali kwa Netherlands mu mlandu wa Kleyn and Others v the Netherlands , wochokera ku sitima yapamtunda ya Betuweroute. Khotilo silinapeze kuphwanya mfundo zimenezo, koma silinapereke lamulo loyera: nkhawa inali ya anthu omwewo, mofanana, kupereka upangiri kenako kuweruza. Milanduyi ndi Procola v Luxembourg , ECtHR 28 Seputembala 1995, nambala 14570/89, ndi Kleyn and Others v the Netherlands , ECtHR (Grand Chamber) 6 Meyi 2003, nambala 39343/98.
Dziko la Netherlands silinayembekezere kugonja. Bungwe la Wet op de Raad van State linasinthidwa kuti ntchito yolangiza ndi yoweruza ikhale m'magawo awiri osiyana, ndipo malamulo a umembala amaletsa aliyense kuweruza muyeso womwe adalangiza. Kusinthaku kunayamba kugwira ntchito pa 1 Seputembala 2010. Kuyambira pamenepo, bungwe la Wet op de Raad van State limasunga magawo awiriwa mosiyana payekha komanso m'njira zosiyanasiyana: staatsraad imasankhidwa kukhala gawo limodzi, ndipo malamulo okhudza kapangidwe kake amaletsa aliyense kukhala paudindo woweruza muyeso womwe adalangiza. Yankho la kasitomala ndi lalifupi: oweruza omwe akumva apilo yanu sanapereke uphungu pa malamulo, ndipo kulekanitsako ndi lamulo, osati machitidwe amkati.
Zimene Dipatimenti Yoyang'anira Malamulo imasankha
Apilo yapamwamba yotsutsana ndi zigamulo za khoti la chigawo
Ntchito yaikulu ya Gawoli ndi yotsutsana ndi zigamulo za makhothi a chigawo (rechtbanken). Mutu 8.5 wa Algemene wet bestuursrecht (Awb) umakhazikitsa dongosolo: art. 8:104 Awb akunena kuti ndi zigamulo ziti zomwe zingapitsidwe, ndipo art. 8:105 Awb imapangitsa Gawoli kukhala khothi lopempha apilo pokhapokha ngati lamulo lipereka gululo kwina. Izi zikuphatikizapo milandu yambiri yoyang'anira - zilolezo ndi kukakamiza, ndalama zothandizira, chindapusa cha oyang'anira , zopempha pansi pa Wet open overheid , kukana ndi kuchotsa.
Chitsanzo choyamba komanso chokhacho
Pa nkhani zodziwika bwino palibe gawo la khothi la chigawo: apilo imapita mwachindunji ku Divisheni ndipo chigamulo chake ndi choyamba ndi chomaliza. Gululi limayang'aniridwa ndi zisankho zachilengedwe ndi mapulani zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri - makamaka omgevingsplan ndi zida zofanana pansi pa Omgevingswet, zomwe zikugwira ntchito kuyambira 1 Januwale 2024 - ndi zisankho zazikulu za polojekiti ndi zilolezo zina zachilengedwe za boma la chigawo kapena lapakati. Chifukwa chake ndi liwiro. Kusinthana ndi kumva kamodzi ndi chigamulo chimodzi, kotero mlanduwu uyenera kukhala wathunthu koyamba.
Malo othawirako ndi osamukira kudziko lina
Kusamukira kudziko lina ndi gulu lake. Zisankho za IND zimapita ku khothi lachigawo lomwe limakhala ngati chipinda cholandirira alendo, ndipo kuchokera pamenepo kupita ku Chipinda Cholandirira Anthu ku Dipatimentiyi. Vreemdelingenwet 2000 imasintha malamulo wamba kwambiri: nthawi zopempha apilo zimakhala zazifupi kuposa masabata asanu ndi limodzi, zisankho zina sizimachotsedwa pa apilo yapamwamba, ndipo Chigawochi chingachotse ndi zifukwa zazifupi pomwe palibe funso la mgwirizano walamulo, chitukuko kapena chitetezo chomwe chimachitika. Nthawizo zili mu art. 69 Vw 2000: masabata anayi m'milandu wamba, ndi sabata imodzi mu njira zofulumira zopezera chitetezo ndi kukana kulowa m'malire. Art. 84 Vw 2000 imalamulira zisankho zomwe Chigawochi chingasiye, ndipo art. 91 Vw 2000 ndi chifukwa chachidule chochotsera munthu.
Ndi khoti liti lapamwamba kwambiri la oyang'anira lomwe lili lanu?
Ku Netherlands kulibe khoti lalikulu lolamulira: makhoti atatu ndi omwe ali pamwamba, ndipo Hoge Raad amalandira msonkho.
| Khoti | Nkhani yanthawi zonse | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Afdeling bestuursrechtspraak van de Raad van State | Chilengedwe ndi kukonzekera, zilolezo ndi kukakamiza, chilengedwe ndi nayitrogeni, ndalama zothandizira, chidziwitso cha boma (Woo), chitetezo ndi kusamukira kudziko lina | Kukopa kwakukulu; choyamba komanso chokhacho pankhani zokhudzana ndi chilengedwe ndi mapulani |
| Central Appeals Tribunal | Chitetezo cha anthu ndi chithandizo cha anthu, chisamaliro cha nthawi yayitali ndi chithandizo cha anthu, ndalama zothandizira ophunzira, ntchito za boma ndi ntchito za boma | Kukopa kwakukulu kwambiri; choyamba komanso chokhacho m'magulu ochepa |
| College van Beroep ali ndi bedrijfsleven | Zachuma ndi malamulo: mpikisano, kuyang'anira zachuma, kulumikizana ndi ma positi, mphamvu, mayendedwe, ulimi, thanzi la chakudya ndi ziweto, kayendetsedwe ka ndalama | Choyamba ndi chokha komanso chapamwamba, ndi lamulo |
| Khoti Lalikulu | Tax | Kukambirana, pambuyo pa khoti la chigawo ndi khoti la apilo |
Kodi mumadziwa bwanji kuti muli mu gulu liti? Macheke atatu, motsatira:
- Werengani pansi pa chisankho kapena chiweruzo. Zisankho ndi zigamulo zaku Dutch zimakhala ndi rechtsmiddelenclausule Kutchula khoti, nthawi ndi malo olankhulira. Ndikoyenera nthawi zambiri.
- Chongani lamulo lolamulira. Ulamuliro ukutsatira lamulo lomwe chigamulocho chinaperekedwa. Gawoli lili mu ndondomeko ya Awb yomwe imadziwika kuti Bevoegdheidsregeling bestuursrechtspraak, yomwe ili ndi mitu inayi: yoyamba imalemba Malamulo omwe palibe apilo yomwe ilipo; yachiwiri, nkhani zomwe zimapita ku makhothi apadera olamulira, Centrale Raad van Beroep ndi College van Beroep voor het bedrijfsleven; yachitatu, nkhani zomwe zidasankhidwa ndi Administrative Jurisdiction Division poyamba komanso kokha; ndipo yachinayi, malamulo apadera okhudza ulamuliro ndi apilo yapamwamba.
- Lembani ngati nthawi yomaliza yayandikira. Art. 6:15 Awb imafuna kuti bungwe kapena khoti lilandire chidziwitso cholakwika kuti litumize, ndipo tsiku lolandira koyamba limayang'anira nthawi yake. Apilo yolakwika koma yolakwika nthawi zambiri imasungidwa; yochedwa siisungidwa.
Njira yochitira apilo yapamwamba
Chidziwitso cha apilo ndi tsiku lomaliza
Nthawiyi ndi milungu isanu ndi umodzi (art. 6:7 Awb), kuyambira tsiku lomwe khoti la chigawo linapereka chigamulo chake (art. 6:8 Awb). Chidziwitsocho — hogerberoepschrift — chiyenera kukwaniritsa art. 6:5 Awb: dzina ndi adilesi, tsiku, siginecha, chizindikiritso cha chigamulo chomwe chaperekedwa, ndi zifukwa zake. Chidziwitso chomwe chatumizidwa mu nthawi chimawerengedwa ngakhale chikafika nthawiyo itangotha (art. 6:9 Awb). Kupereka mochedwa kumakhala koopsa pokhapokha ngati kuli koyenera malinga ndi art. 6:11 Awb, chitseko chopapatiza.
Chidziwitso cha pro forma ndi chokhazikika ndipo ndi choyenera: perekani mkati mwa milungu isanu ndi umodzi ponena kuti zifukwa zidzatsatira. Kuvomereza kulandira kumakhazikitsa nthawi yowonjezera apilo - nthawi zambiri milungu inayi - ndipo art. 6:6 Awb imalola kuti chilemacho chisalandidwe ngati cholakwikacho sichinathe panthawi yake. Gwiritsani ntchito kuteteza nthawi yomaliza, osati kugula nthawi.
Maziko, chitetezo ndi fayilo
Apilo yapamwamba imayang'ana chigamulo cha khothi lachigawo, osati chigamulo choyambirira: zifukwa ziyenera kunena zomwe khothi lili pansipa linalakwitsa komanso chifukwa chake. Mutu 8 wa Awb umagwira ntchito makamaka monga momwe zinalili poyamba (art. 8:108 Awb). Akuluakuluwo amapereka chikalata chodziteteza ndi fayilo ya mlanduwo motsatira Art. 8:42 Awb. Woyankha amene akufuna kutsutsa mbali zina za chigamulo chomwe chinatsutsana nacho ayenera kuchita apilo motsatira Art. 8:110 Awb. Zikalata zitha kuperekedwa mpaka masiku khumi mlandu usanachitike (art. 8:58 Awb); zinthu zina pambuyo pake nthawi zambiri zimakanidwa.
Malamulo awiri amagwira atsopano. Nkhani 8:69 Awb imagwirizanitsa khoti ndi mkangano pamene maguluwo akuukonza, kotero chifukwa chomwe sichinaperekedwe nthawi zambiri chimatayika. Nkhani 8:69a Awb imawonjezera ubale: lamulo silingagwiritsidwe ntchito ndi munthu amene silinalembedwe kuti liteteze - nkhani yeniyeni kwa opikisana nawo omwe akutsutsa chilolezo cha mdani.
Kumva, chipinda ndi chiweruzo
Milandu imamvedwa ndi woweruza mmodzi kapena ndi chipinda chokhala ndi oweruza ambiri, nthawi zambiri amakhala atatu; Gawoli limakhazikitsa kapangidwe kake ndipo limasunga njira yolankhulirana ndi woweruza mmodzi pa milandu yosavuta. Kumvetsera kwa oweruza mmodzi kumachitika pafupifupi mphindi 30, kumvetsera kwa oweruza atatu pafupifupi mphindi 45. Iyi si nthawi yolankhulira: Gawoli limafunsa magulu omwe atenga mfundo kuchokera ku fayilo, ndipo mbali iliyonse imalandira mphindi zisanu kuti iwonjezere zomwe fayiloyo sinena. Tiyerekeze kuti awerenga zonse.
Chiweruzo chikutsatira polemba milungu ingapo pambuyo pake. Lamulo lathunthu la nkhani. 8:66 Awb ndi milungu isanu ndi umodzi kuchokera kumapeto kwa mlandu, ndipo imatha kuwonjezeredwa kamodzi pa milungu isanu ndi umodzi; milandu yovuta yokonzekera imatenga nthawi yayitali, ndipo Gawoli limauza magulu omwe akuyembekezera chigamulocho. Nthawi yofulumira ya Crisis-en herstelwet yakale yalowetsedwa mu Omgevingswet ndi zomwe zili mu Awb, kotero nkhaniyo. 8:66 Awb tsopano ikupereka njira yowonjezera milandu imeneyo.
Mpumulo wa kanthawi: nthawi zambiri chisankho chomwe chili chofunikira
Apilo siimayimitsa chisankho chomwe chatsutsidwa; art. 8:106 Awb imatero pamagulu ambiri a apilo yapamwamba. Ngati chilolezo chimalola ntchito kuyamba, ntchito ikhoza kuyamba - ndipo pofika nthawi yomwe chigamulo chikafika mitengo imakhala itapita kapena nyumbayo yatha. Chifukwa chake mpumulo wa kanthawi nthawi zambiri ndi malo enieni omenyera nkhondo.
Pempho la muyeso wanthawi yochepa ( voorlopige voorziening ) motsatira art. 8:81 Awb imapita kwa purezidenti wa Division pamodzi ndi apilo kapena pambuyo pake. Imafuna apilo yoyembekezera komanso chidwi chadzidzidzi, ndipo imasankhidwa pamlingo wofanana wa zokonda ndi malingaliro anthawi yochepa a zoyenerera. Chiwongola dzanja nthawi zambiri chimayimitsa chisankhocho mpaka chigamulocho chitaperekedwa; ndalama zina za khothi zimalipidwa. Ngati mlanduwo wafika pachimake, art. 8:86 Awb imalola woweruzayo kusankha apilo yayikulu nthawi yomweyo, kotero khalani okonzeka kutsutsana mokwanira pa mlanduwo. Ngati chigamulocho chilola njira zosasinthika, perekani pempholi ndi apilo, osati pambuyo pake.
Zimene Dipatimenti ingachite ndi apilo
- Chotsani — apiloyo ndi yopanda maziko ndipo chigamulo cha khoti lachigawo chilipo.
- Lengezani kuti n'kosaloledwa - vuto la nthawi, udindo, malipiro kapena mawonekedwe.
- Chotsani mlanduwo ndi kuugamula. Malinga ndi nkhani 8:113 Gawoli likhoza kuchotsa chigamulocho ndikupereka chigamulo chomwe khoti lachigawo liyenera kupereka, pogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu za nkhani. 8:72 Awb: kuthetsa chigamulocho, kulamula chatsopano, kusiya zotsatira zalamulo za chigamulo chochotsedwacho, kapena kusintha chisankho chake.
- Tumizani — art. 8:115 Awb imalola kuti mlanduwu ubwerere kukhoti lachigawo, kugwiritsidwa ntchito mochepa komanso makamaka pamene khotilo linagamula mfundo yoyamba popanda kufika pa mfundo zoyenera.
Pakati pa kuletsa ndi kuchotsa ntchito pali mzere wolamulira ( bestuurlijke lus ), zaluso. 8:51a mpaka 8:51d Awb. Pamene Gawoli lipeza vuto lochiritsika - kufufuza komwe kulibe, zifukwa zosakwanira, zotsatira zosayesedwa - likhoza kupanga chigamulo chophatikizana ndikupatsa ulamuliro nthawi yodziwika kuti akonze, kenako ndikugamula pomaliza pa chisankhocho ngati chakonzedwa. Ndizofala kwambiri pokonzekera milandu ndipo zimasintha njira: mfundo yotsutsa vuto si nthawi zonse kuletsa koma kukonza komwe sikungapulumuke kufufuzidwa.
Zonsezi zikutsatira mfundo yomaliza ( definitieve geschilbeslechting ): makhothi akuyembekezeka kuthetsa mkangano m'malo moubweza kuti apange chisankho china ndi apilo ina. Yembekezerani kuti Gawoli lidzakankhira mbali zonse ziwiri pamlanduwu zomwe ziyenera kuchitika ngati apiloyo ipambana, ndikusankha zotsatira zomwe zimatseka fayiloyo.
Pambuyo pa chigamulo: palibe apilo, ndi zomwe zatsala
Chigamulo cha Gawo ndi chomaliza: palibe kutsutsidwa kwa Hoge Raad, palibe apilo ina ya ku Dutch. Chotsalacho ndi chopapatiza. Kukonzanso ( herziening ) motsatira art. 8:119 Awb imagwira ntchito pokhapokha ngati mfundo zinalipo chiweruzo chisanachitike, sichikanadziwika bwino kwa wopemphayo, ndipo chikanapereka zotsatira zosiyana - si njira yabwino yopezera mkangano. Pempho ku Khoti Lalikulu la Ufulu wa Anthu ku Europe limakhala lotheka pokhapokha ngati njira zothanirana ndi mavuto zapakhomo zatha; silitsegulanso chigamulo cha ku Dutch koma lingayambitse chigamulo chotsutsana ndi Boma. Pempho latsopano pa mfundo zosinthidwa nthawi zambiri limakhala loona, ndipo ndalama zitha kufunidwa motsatira art. 8:88 Awb pomwe chigamulo chothetsedwa chinapangitsa kuti munthu ataye.
Mau oyamba okhudza Khoti Lachilungamo
Monga khoti lomaliza, Gawoli likuyenera kutumiza mafunso okhudza malamulo a EU ku Khoti Loona za Ufulu la European Union komwe yankho lake ndi lofunikira komanso losamveka bwino. Limachita izi nthawi zonse pofufuza zachilengedwe, kuteteza chilengedwe, mautumiki ndi milandu yokhudza chitetezo. Pempho lopempha malo ndi loyenera kuperekedwa, ngakhale kuti lingaperekedwe kwa nthawi yoposa chaka chimodzi.
Ndalama, kuyimira ndi chilankhulo
Ndalama zolipirira khothi. Ndalama zolipirira khothi (griffierecht) ziyenera kulipidwa pa mlandu uliwonse, ndi ina yosiyana ya pempho la mpumulo wa kanthawi. Zinthu zitatu zimakhazikitsa ndalamazo: kaya wodandaulayo ndi munthu weniweni kapena bungwe lovomerezeka; kaya Gawoli likumvetsera apilo yapamwamba (art. 8:109 Awb) kapena likukhala koyamba komanso kokha; komanso ngati nkhaniyo ikugwera m'gulu limodzi mwa magawo omwe atchulidwa, monga nkhani zina zopindulitsa ndi zilango zazing'ono zoyendetsera, zomwe anthu wamba amalipira mtengo wotsika. Ndalamazo zimakhazikitsidwa ndi lamulo ndipo zimasinthidwa kuyambira pa 1 Januwale chaka chilichonse, kotero mtengo womwe umagwira ntchito ndi womwe umagwira ntchito pamene chidziwitso cha apilo chalandiridwa. Gome lomwe likugwiritsidwa ntchito pano lafalitsidwa ndi Rechtspraak ndipo limabwerezedwanso m'kalata yomwe Gawoli limatumiza litalandira. Malipiro munthawi yake: art. 8:41 Awb imapangitsa kuti malipiro ochedwa akhale chifukwa chosaloledwa, ndipo art. 8:114 Awb imapereka kubweza komwe wodandaulayo wapambana.
Ndondomeko ya ndalama. Art. 8:75 Awb imalola lamulo la ndalama, koma Netherlands sipereka ndalama zenizeni zamilandu m'milandu yoyang'anira. Kubweza ndalama kumachitika motsatira ndondomeko ya Besluit proceskosten bestuursrecht: mfundo za njira zoyendetsera ntchito monga chidziwitso cha apilo ndi kumvetsera, kuchulukitsidwa ndi ndalama zokhazikika pa mfundo iliyonse ndi chinthu cholemera. Ndalama pa mfundo iliyonse imakhazikitsidwa ndi Besluit proceskosten bestuursrecht ndipo imalembedwa chaka chilichonse, kotero mtengo woyenera ndi womwe umagwira ntchito panthawi yopereka chigamulo. Zotsatira zake ndi chopereka, nthawi zambiri gawo la bilu yamalonda.
Kuyimira. Loya si wokakamiza. Art. 8:24 Awb imalola chipani kuti chiwonekere pamasom'pamaso kapena kudzera mwa woimira wovomerezeka yemwe safunika kukhala loya, ndipo khothi lingafunike chilolezo cholembedwa. Pamene Gawoli limakhala koyamba komanso kokha, kudziyimira palokha kumakhala koipa pazachuma: mlandu umodzi, mlandu umodzi, palibe mwayi wina.
Chilankhulo. Milandu imachitika mu Chidatchi (art. 2:6 Awb), kupatulapo Chifrisi, ndipo zikalata za chilankhulo china zingafunike kumasuliridwa. Womasulira angakonzedwe kwa munthu amene salankhula Chidatchi — zomwe zimachitika nthawi zonse mu Nyumba Yosamukira — ndipo ayenera kupemphedwa nthawi yayitali mlandu usanayambe. Maziko ake si a zaluso. 8:28 Awb koma Gawo 8.1.6 Awb, zaluso. 8:33 mpaka 8:36 Awb: zaluso. 8:33 Awb amakakamiza mboni kuti ziwonekere, zaluso. 8:34 Awb amalamulira akatswiri, ndipo zaluso. 8:36 Awb amagwiritsa ntchito malamulo amenewo mofanana ndi omasulira.
Kodi mlandu umatenga nthawi yayitali bwanji?
Kutalika kwa nthawi kumasiyana kwambiri pakati pa zipinda, ndipo Dipatimentiyi imafalitsa ziwerengero zake chaka chilichonse mu lipoti la pachaka la Council of State. Pa milandu yonse, avareji inali masabata 36 mu 2025, poyerekeza ndi masabata 34 mu 2024 ndi masabata 30 mu 2023. Milandu yeniyeni, kusiya chithandizo chanthawi yochepa, inali masabata 45 mu 2025.
Chipindacho chili ndi tanthauzo lalikulu kuposa avareji. Pa milandu yeniyeni mu 2025, avareji yofalitsidwa inali masabata 73 mu Chipinda cha Zachilengedwe ndi Zokonzekera ( Omgevingskamer ), masabata 61 mu Chipinda Chachikulu ( Algemene kamer ) ndi masabata 23 mu Chipinda cha Osamukira ( Vreemdelingenkamer ). Mpumulo wanthawi yochepa umathetsedwa mwachangu kwambiri: masabata 10, 6 ndi 3 motsatana. Kusintha kwa ntchito yokonzekera ndi njira yolakwika - chiwerengero cha Chipinda cha Zachilengedwe ndi Zokonzekera chinakwera ndi masabata khumi ndi limodzi mchaka chimodzi.
Izi ndi avareji, osati ntchito. Apilo okhudza kusamukira kudziko lina ndi yachangu malinga ndi kapangidwe kake; kukonzekera milandu yokhala ndi umboni wa akatswiri, kuzungulira kwa kayendetsedwe ka boma kapena chitsimikiziro choyambirira kumapitilira avareji ya chipinda. Lingaliro lenileni la kukonzekera apilo yapamwamba yomwe ikutsutsidwa limakhala miyezi ingapo yolemba, kumvetsera pambuyo pa miyezi ingapo, ndi chigamulo patatha milungu isanu ndi umodzi mpaka khumi ndi iwiri pambuyo pake.
Kodi Bungwe la Boma ndi khoti kapena bungwe lolangiza la boma?
Onse awiri, kudzera m'magawo awiri osiyana. Dipatimenti Yolangiza imalangiza Boma ndi Nyumba Yamalamulo pa malamulo. Dipatimenti Yoyang'anira Malamulo ndi khoti, komanso khoti lalikulu kwambiri loyang'anira milandu ku Netherlands. Amalekanitsidwa mwalamulo ku Wet op de Raad van State, ndi malamulo omwe amaletsa munthu yemweyo kupereka uphungu pa muyeso kenako n’kuweruza mlandu wokhudza nkhaniyi.
Kodi tingapange apilo chigamulo cha Council of State?
Ayi. Chigamulo cha Dipatimenti Yoyang'anira Malamulo ndicho chomaliza: palibe mlandu, palibe apilo ina ya ku Dutch. Njira zopapatiza zokha zatsala — kusinthidwa motsatira nkhani. 8:119 Awb pa mfundo zatsopano zomwe zinalipo koma sizikanadziwika, pempho ku Khoti Lalikulu la Ufulu wa Anthu ku Ulaya, kapena pempho latsopano kwa akuluakulu pakusintha kwa zinthu.
Nkhani yathu ndi yokhudza kukana thandizo la ndalama zothandizira. Kodi timapita ku Bungwe la Boma?
Mwina, koma onani lamulo lolamulira. Mikangano yambiri yothandizira imayambira pa kutsutsa kwa khothi lachigawo kenako ku Dipatimenti Yoyang'anira Malamulo. Ngati thandizoli lili mu dongosolo la zachuma kapena ulimi, apilo yapamwamba ingakhale kwa College van Beroep voor het bedrijfsleven. Chiganizo chomwe chili pansi pa chigamulo cha khothi lachigawo chimatchula khothi lolondola.
Kodi kupereka apilo kumaletsa mwini chilolezo kumanga?
Ayi. Apilo siili ndi mphamvu yoyimitsa mlandu m'magulu ambiri, ndipo art. 8:106 Awb ikutsimikizira izi mu apilo yapamwamba. Kuti muyimitse ntchito muyenera kupempha njira yokhazikika motsatira art. 8:81 Awb, kusonyeza changu ndi kulinganiza kwa zofuna zanu. Iperekeni pamodzi ndi apilo osati pambuyo pake: ntchito yosasinthika ikangochitika, cholinga cha apilocho chikhoza kutha.
Kodi tikufunika loya wa ku Netherlands kuti akaonekere ku Division?
Sizili choncho chifukwa cha lamulo. Art. 8:24 Awb imalola chipani kuchitapo kanthu payekha kapena kudzera mwa woimira wovomerezeka yemwe safunika kukhala woimira. Monga nkhani yowopsa nthawi zambiri sikwanzeru, makamaka pamilandu yokonzekera yokha: zifukwa ziyenera kukhala zokwanira mkati mwa nthawiyo, Art. 8:69a Awb imaletsa malamulo omwe mungatsatire, ndipo palibe chifukwa chachiwiri chokonzera cholakwika.
Kodi tidzabweza ndalama zingati ngati tipambana?
Ndalama zochepa kwambiri kuposa zomwe mudagwiritsa ntchito. Art. 8:75 Awb imalola kuyitanitsa ndalama, koma Besluit proceskosten bestuursrecht imakonza kubweza ndalama pogwiritsa ntchito njira ya mfundo osati ndalama zenizeni, kotero mphothoyo ndi chopereka. Ndalama ya khothi imabwezedwa padera malinga ndi Art. 8:114 Awb pomwe apilo yapambana. Bajeti imadalira kuti ndalama zambiri zomwe mwagwiritsa ntchito kukhothi sizibwezedwa.
Law & More Malamulo a mabizinesi, mabungwe ndi makasitomala achinsinsi pamaso pa Dipatimenti Yoyang'anira Malamulo: apilo yapamwamba motsutsana ndi chigamulo cha khothi lachigawo, apilo yoyamba yokha motsutsana ndi mapulani ndi zisankho zachilengedwe, ndi zopempha thandizo la kanthawi kochepa komwe ntchito ikanayamba. Popeza nthawi yomalizayi ndi yochepa ndipo zifukwa ziyenera kutha, chonde titumizireni uthenga mwamsanga chigamulo kapena chigamulo chikafika osati nthawiyo ikatha.
