Kampani ya ku Dutch SaaS yalandira kalata yoletsa kugwiritsa ntchito mapulogalamu awo yomwe ikunena kuti chinthu chachikulu chomwe chili mu pulogalamu yawo chikuphwanya patent ya mpikisano. Woyambitsayo akutsutsa zomwe akunenazi, akukhulupirira kuti njira yawo ndi yatsopano. Akupitiliza kugwira ntchito uku akupempha upangiri wazamalamulo. Patatha miyezi itatu, apolisi afika ku ofesi yawo. Chomwe chinayamba ngati mkangano wa chuma cha anthu wamba chafika pamlingo wofufuza milandu.
Izi, ngakhale sizichitika kawirikawiri, n'zosatheka. Mikangano yambiri ya IP imathetsedwa kudzera m'milandu ya anthu wamba—makalata oletsa ndikuletsa, ziletso, ndi zopempha za chindapusa. Koma nthawi zina, Public Prosecution Service (OM) imatha kuyambitsa milandu yaupandu. Kwa amalonda aukadaulo, kumvetsetsa komwe kuli mzerewu ndikofunikira. Kulakwitsa kungatanthauze osati kungotenga ngongole zachuma zokha, komanso zilango zaupandu kuphatikizapo chindapusa kapena kumangidwa.
Nkhaniyi ikufotokoza nthawi komanso chifukwa chake mkangano wa IP ukhoza kukhala nkhani yaupandu pansi pa ulamuliro wa Dutch chilamulo, zinthu zomwe zimayambitsa kusinthaku, ndi zomwe amalonda aukadaulo angachite kuti achepetse chiopsezo.
Kukakamiza ufulu wa IP pakati pa anthu ndi upandu
Mikangano yambiri ya katundu wanzeru imathetsedwa kudzera m'makhothi a anthu wamba. Munthu amene ali ndi ufulu nthawi zambiri amakasuma mlandu wofuna kuti aletse kuphwanya malamulo, kuphatikizapo kuwonongeka kwa zinthu zomwe zatayika. Izi zikulamulidwa ndi mfundo monga Article 29a ya Dutch Copyright Act (Auteurswet), yomwe imapatsa eni ufulu wofuna kuti kuphwanya malamulo kuthetsedwe ndikupempha chipukuta misozi.
Komabe, Dutch chilamulo ikuphatikizaponso malamulo a upandu omwe cholinga chake ndi kuteteza ufulu wa IP. Izi sizikutanthauza kuti ndi njira yoyamba yokakamiza, koma ngati njira yopewera kuphwanya malamulo akuluakulu komanso mwadala. Malamulo ofunikira ndi awa:
- Ndime 31 ya Copyright Act (Auteurswet): imaphwanya mwadala ufulu wa olemba
- Nkhani 337 ya Criminal Code (Sr): chomwe chimatchedwa "nkhani yabodza," yomwe imakhudza kuphwanya malamulo a malonda ndi kufalitsa
- Ndime 79 ya Patents Act 1995 (Rijksoctrooiwet 1995, ROW 1995): imakhazikitsa mlandu wamilandu pazachinyengo zina za patent
Malamulo awa ali ndi mfundo zofanana: cholinga (opzet). Popanda umboni woti woimbidwa mlanduyo anachita dala, mlandu waupandu sungaphatikizidwe. Uwu ndi malire apamwamba kuposa mlandu wa anthu wamba, pomwe kusasamala kapena ngakhale mlandu wokhwima kungakhale kokwanira.
Kukhazikitsa malamulo okhudza milandu kumayang'aniridwanso ndi mfundo ya chothandizira—lingaliro lakuti lamulo laupandu ndi njira yomaliza (njira yomaliza yothetsera mavuto). OM nthawi zambiri amangotsatira milandu yaupandu pomwe njira zothanirana ndi milandu ya anthu sizikwanira, kapena pomwe kuphwanya malamulo kuli kwakukulu, kokonzedwa, kapena komwe kumabweretsa nkhawa yayikulu kwa anthu. Ganizirani za ntchito zaupandu wa mapulogalamu, maukonde ogawa zida zabodza, kapena nsanja zomwe zimanyalanyaza zopempha zochotsa.
Kodi mkangano wa IP wa anthu wamba umakhala liti mlandu?
Kusintha kuchoka pa nkhani ya boma kupita ku nkhani yaupandu kumadalira zinthu zitatu zazikulu: cholinga, Kukulandipo chikhalidwe cha anthu.
Cholinga: chinthu chofunikira kwambiri
Kuphwanya malamulo a IP kumafuna khalidwe lochita dalaIzi zikutanthauza kuti woimbidwa mlanduyo ayenera kuti anachita dala cholakwacho, kapena anavomereza mwadala chiopsezo chachikulu chakuti zochita zake zingakhale kuphwanya malamulo. Womalizayu amadziwika kuti cholinga chokhazikika (voorwaardelijk opzet).
Cholinga chokhazikika sichifuna kutsimikizika. Ngati wamalonda alandira kalata yochenjeza yokhudza kuphwanya malamulo a patent, osachita kafukufuku wofunikira, ndikupitilizabe kuchita zomwe akuti zikuphwanya malamulo, khothi linganene kuti adavomereza zoopsazo mwadala. Khothi Lalikulu la ku Dutch (Hoge Raad) latsimikizira mobwerezabwereza kuti cholinga chokhazikika chimakwanira kukhala ndi mlandu pamilandu ya IP (ECLI:NL:HR:2023:97).
Mwachidule, OM ndi makhoti amayesa cholinga mwa kufufuza:
- Chidziwitso cha akatswiriKodi oimbidwa mlanduwo anali ndi luso lomwe likanawathandiza kudziwa za chiopsezocho?
- Machenjezo alandiridwaKodi panali makalata oletsa ndi kuletsa kale mgwirizano, zopereka zothetsa mgwirizano, kapena zidziwitso zina zovomerezeka?
- Chitani pambuyo pa chidziwitsoKodi woimbidwa mlanduyo adachitapo kanthu kuti afufuze kapena kuchepetsa, kapena adangonyalanyaza zomwe akunenazo?
- Kachitidwe ka khalidweKodi pali umboni wa kuphwanya malamulo mobwerezabwereza kapena mwadongosolo?
Kwa amalonda aukadaulo, izi zikutanthauza kuti kusadziwa si chitetezo ngati kuli kochita mwadala kapena mosasamala. Kulephera kufunsa loya mutalandira chiphaso chodalirika cha kuphwanya malamulo kungakhale umboni wa cholinga chokhazikika.
Kukula ndi zotsatira zamalonda
Si milandu yonse yomwe imayambitsa chiwopsezo. OM imaika patsogolo milandu yokhudza phindu lalikulu lamalonda or kugawa kwakukuluWopanga mapulogalamu yekhayo amene mwangozi amagwiritsa ntchito laibulale yokhala ndi ufulu wokopera pa ntchito ina sangakumane ndi mlandu. Kampani yogulitsa mwadongosolo malayisensi a mapulogalamu obera kwa makasitomala mazana ambiri ndi nkhani yosiyana kwambiri.
Mofananamo, kuphwanya malamulo kokonzedwa—monga mabungwe ogwirizana akuba kapena maunyolo opereka zida zabodza—kumakopa chidwi cha zigawenga. Milandu imeneyi nthawi zambiri imakhudza anthu ambiri, anthu odutsa malire, komanso kuvulaza kwambiri eni ufulu.
Zotsatira za anthu ndi zofuna za anthu onse
OM imaganiziranso ngati milandu ikuthandiza anthu onse. Zinthu zina zikuphatikizapo:
- Kuvulaza chuma cha luso kapena chaukadauloKodi kuphwanya malamulo kumeneku kumalepheretsa anthu kupanga kapena kupanga zinthu zatsopano?
- Kuvulaza kwa ogulaKodi makasitomala akunamizidwa kapena akukumana ndi zinthu zosafunikira?
- KubwezeretsansoKodi woimbidwa mlanduyo adachenjezedwapo kapena kupatsidwa chilango kale?
Ngati nkhaniyi ingathetsedwe mokwanira kudzera mu njira zothanirana ndi milandu ya anthu, OM sangachitepo kanthu. Koma ngati malamulo aboma alephera, kapena ngati kuphwanya malamuloko kuli kwakukulu, milandu ingatsatire.
Zitsanzo zothandiza pa nkhani ya ukadaulo
Ganizirani izi:
Kuphwanya malamulo a mapulogalamuKampani yalandira chidziwitso chovomerezeka cha audit kuchokera kwa wogulitsa mapulogalamu akunena kuti sanalandire chilolezo chokwanira. Kampaniyo ikutsutsa zomwe zanenedwazo koma sinachite chilichonse kuti itsimikizire kuti zikutsatira malamulo. Patapita miyezi ingapo, umboni ukupezeka kuti kampaniyo idapereka makope opanda chilolezo mwadala pa netiweki yake yonse. Cholinga chokhazikika chikhoza kutsimikiziridwa.
Kukonza mawonekedwe a SaaS: Kampani yoyambira imapanga chinthu chofanana kwambiri ndi njira yopezera patent ya mpikisano. Pambuyo polandira kusanthula kwatsatanetsatane kwa kuphwanya malamulo, kampani yoyambira imachikana ngati "phokoso" ndikupitiliza kupanga. Ngati chinthucho chipanga ndalama zambiri ndipo kufanana kwake kwawonetsedwa mu mauthenga amkati, OM angaone izi ngati kuphwanya malamulo mwadala.
Kupanga zinthu zabodza pa zipangizo zamagetsiWogulitsa amatumiza ndi kugulitsa zipangizo zodziwika bwino kuti azitsanzira zinthu zodziwika bwino za wopanga. Ngakhale wogulitsayo atanena kuti sakudziwa, kuchuluka ndi chizindikiro chake ndi zizindikiro zamphamvu za cholinga chake.
Ziwopsezo zaupandu kwa ogwiritsa ntchito nsanja
Ogwira ntchito pa nsanja amakumana ndi zoopsa zapadera. Malinga ndi lamulo la Dutch ndi EU, nsanja zomwe zimasunga zinthu zopangidwa ndi ogwiritsa ntchito nthawi zambiri zimapindula ndi doko lotetezeka or kuchotsera kuchititsaIzi zalembedwa mu Article 6:196c ya Dutch Civil Code (BW) ndipo zalimbikitsidwa ndi EU Digital Services Act (DSA).
Komabe, chitetezochi chili ndi zofunikira. Mapulatifomu ayenera kukhazikitsa ndikugwiritsa ntchito moyenera njira zodziwitsira ndi kuchotsa monga momwe zafotokozedwera mu Nkhani 29c ya Copyright Act. Ngati nsanja inyalanyaza mwadongosolo zopempha zochotsera, kapena kuchita nawo gawo lofunikira pothandizira kuphwanya malamulo, imataya chitetezo ndipo ikhoza kukumana ndi mlandu wa milandu ndi milandu.
Pamene kuchititsa zinthu mopanda chidwi kukukhala kothandiza kwambiri
Kusiyana pakati pa kutenga nawo mbali popanda kuchitapo kanthu ndi kuchitapo kanthu ndi nkhani yeniyeni. Makhothi akuganizira izi:
- Chidziwitso ndi ulamuliroKodi nsanjayi ili ndi chidziwitso chenicheni cha zinthu zinazake zophwanya malamulo? Kodi imasankha, kutsatsa, kapena kupeza ndalama pazinthuzo?
- Yankho ku zidziwitsoKodi nsanjayi imachitapo kanthu mwachangu pa zopempha zoyenera kuchotsa, kapena imachedwetsa, kunyalanyaza, kapena kukakamiza mwachisawawa?
- Mtundu wabizinesiKodi kuphwanya malamulo ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri pa njira yopezera ndalama pa pulatifomu?
Nsanja yomwe imapeza ndalama zotsatsa kuchokera kuzinthu zobedwa, ikudziwa za izo, ndipo sichita chilichonse, ingapezeke kuti yachita zinthu ndi cholinga chokhazikika. Kulephera kwa dongosolo kukakamiza maudindo odziwitsa ndi kuchotsa kungawonedwe ngati umboni wa kuwongolera mwadala.
Kukhazikitsa mfundo zovomerezeka zodziwitsa ndi kuchotsa zinthu
Pofuna kuchepetsa kufalikira kwa zigawenga, ogwira ntchito pa nsanja ayenera:
- Khazikitsani a momveka bwino, mosavuta kufikako njira yodziwitsira ndi kuchotsa
- Ndemanga pempho lililonse lochotsa ndi kuyankha
- Chitani mwamsanga pa zidziwitso zovomerezeka (DSA imakhazikitsa nthawi yeniyeni)
- Sungani mfundo zobwerezabwereza zophwanya malamulo kusonyeza chikhulupiriro chabwino
- Chitani kuwunika pafupipafupi kutsatira malamulo a IP
Njira zimenezi sizingochepetsa udindo—zimaperekanso umboni wa khalidwe labwino ngati pabuka mkangano.
Chitetezo chalamulo motsutsana ndi milandu ya IP yaupandu
Ngati wamalonda akuimbidwa mlandu wophwanya malamulo a IP, pali njira zingapo zodzitetezera.
Kupanda cholinga
Chitetezo chosavuta kwambiri ndi kusonyeza kuti palibe kuchita dala. Izi zingaphatikizepo kusonyeza:
- Chikhulupiriro chokhulupirika malinga ndi malamulo a khalidwe (monga kudalira uphungu wa zamalamulo, chilolezo cham'mbuyomu, kapena kutanthauzira koyenera kwa ufulu wa IP)
- Kusowa chidziwitso: woimbidwa mlanduyo analibe chidziwitso chenicheni kapena chothandiza pa kuphwanya malamuloko
- Cholakwika cha mfundo kapena lamulo: woimbidwa mlanduyo sanamvetse bwino za ufulu wa IP
Ngati oteteza angatsimikizire kuti woimbidwa mlanduyo anachita zinthu mwachilungamo kapena mopanda kumvetsetsa bwino, cholinga chake sichingatsimikizidwe.
Chilolezo kapena chilolezo
Ngati woimbidwa mlanduyo anali ndi chilolezo chovomerezeka, chilolezo chocheperako, kapena chilolezo china chovomerezeka chogwiritsa ntchito IP, palibe kuphwanya lamulo komwe kunachitika. Kudziteteza kumeneku kumafuna zikalata: mapangano a chilolezo, makalata a imelo, kapena umboni wina wovomereza.
Zosankha zalamulo
Lamulo la Dutch IP limaphatikizapo zingapo zosiyana ndi malamulo zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito, makamaka pankhani ya kukopera. Nkhani 18 ya Copyright Act imalola kugwiritsa ntchito pazifukwa monga:
- Malipoti a nkhani
- Ndemanga (citaatrecht)
- Parody
- Maphunziro ndi kafukufuku
Zosiyanazi ndi zochepa ndipo zimadalira malamulo okhwima, koma ngati zingatheke, zimachotsa udindo wonse.
Kusaimbidwa mlandu chifukwa chosowa chidwi cha anthu onse
Ngakhale zinthu zaukadaulo za mlandu waupandu zitakwaniritsidwa, OM anganenedwe kuti saloledwa ngati milandu sikugwira ntchito kwa anthu onse. Kudziteteza kumeneku kumachitika kwambiri pamilandu yokhudza:
- Kuphwanya malamulo pang'ono, kosiyana popanda phindu la malonda
- Mikangano yokhudza kutsimikizika ya ufulu wa IP woyambira
- Makonzedwe a boma zomwe zimathetsa bwino vutolo
Khoti Lalikulu la ku Netherlands lagamula kuti milandu yaupandu si yoyenera pamene zofuna za anthu sizikugwirizana mokwanira (ECLI:NL:HR:2017:700).
Malangizo othandiza ochepetsera kukhudzidwa ndi zigawenga
Amalonda aukadaulo angatenge njira zodzitetezera kuti achepetse chiopsezo cha milandu yaupandu:
Chitani kafukufuku wa IP
Unikaninso malonda anu, ntchito zanu, ndi njira zanu nthawi zonse kuti mudziwe zoopsa zomwe zingachitike pa IP. Izi zikuphatikizapo:
- Mapulogalamu ndi malaibulale a chipani chachitatu: onetsetsani kuti zodalira zonse zili ndi zilolezo zoyenera
- Kutsatsa ndi zizindikiro zotsatsa malonda: onetsetsani kuti zinthu za kampani yanu sizikuphwanya malamulo a chipani chachitatu
- PatentsNgati mukugwira ntchito m'munda wodzaza ndi patent, funani kusanthula kwa ufulu wogwiritsa ntchito
Zilolezo ndi zilolezo za zikalata
Sungani malo osungiramo zilolezo zonse za IP, ma sublicence, ndi zilolezo. Onetsetsani kuti izi ndi zatsopano, zikuphimba ntchito yomwe mukufuna kugwiritsa ntchito, ndipo zachitika bwino.
Khazikitsani mfundo yodziwitsa ndi kuchotsa
Pa nsanja, khazikitsani ndikukhazikitsa njira yodziwitsira ndi kuchotsa zinthu momveka bwino. Lembani pempho lililonse ndi yankho, ndipo chitanipo kanthu mwachangu pazidziwitso zovomerezeka.
Yankhani mwachangu ku milandu yophwanya malamulo
Ngati mulandira kalata yoletsa kapena mlandu wina wophwanya lamulo:
- Musanyalanyaze—kusachitapo kanthu kungakhale umboni wa cholinga chokhazikika
- Funani uphungu wa zamalamulo nthawi yomweyo
- Fufuzani zomwe akunenazo ndipo lembani zomwe mwapeza
- Chitani zinthu molimbikitsa ndi mwini ufulu, ngakhale mutatsutsa zomwe mwanenazo
Pezani uphungu wa zamalamulo msanga
Mukayamba kuona mkangano wa IP, funsani loya wa IP. Kulowererapo msanga kungalepheretse kufalikira kwa vutoli komanso kungakupatseni mbiri ya khalidwe labwino.
Kuteteza bizinesi yanu ku mlandu wa IP
Kupezeka ndi milandu chifukwa cha kuphwanya malamulo a IP sikofala kawirikawiri, koma zotsatira zake zimakhala zoopsa kwambiri. Kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa mkangano wapachiweniweni ndi mlandu waupandu kuli mu cholinga, kukula, ndi zofuna za anthu onseAmalonda aukadaulo omwe amagwira ntchito poyera, amafunafuna malangizo a zamalamulo mwachangu, komanso amayankha bwino madandaulo a IP sadzakumana ndi milandu.
Komabe, zoopsa zake ndi zenizeni—makamaka kwa mapulatifomu, opereka chithandizo cha SaaS, ndi ogulitsa zida. Kusadziwa si njira yodzitetezera, ndipo kulephera kwa kapangidwe kake pothana ndi kuphwanya malamulo kodziwika kungaonedwe ngati kuchita dala.
Ngati mukukambirana za mkangano wa IP, kapena mukufuna kuonetsetsa kuti bizinesi yanu ikutsatira malamulo, Law & More imapereka upangiri wa zamalamulo wokonzedwa bwino kwa amalonda aukadaulo. Lumikizanani nafe kuti mupeze upangiri wopanda chikakamizo ndikuteteza bizinesi yanu ku zoopsa zalamulo zomwe zingapeweke.
Mafunso omwe amafunsidwa kawirikawiri okhudza mlandu waupandu kwa amalonda aukadaulo pamikangano ya IP
Kodi kuphwanya malamulo a IP ku Netherlands ndi liti?
Kuphwanya malamulo a IP ndi mlandu wokha ngati kuli kochita mwadala, kwakukulu, kapena kokonzedwa. Mikangano yapachiweniweni yokhudza kusatsimikizika kwenikweni pankhani yovomerezeka kapena kukula kwa ufulu wa IP nthawi zambiri imabweretsa milandu. OM imayang'ana kwambiri kuphwanya malamulo mwadala, kwakukulu, kapena mobwerezabwereza komwe kumavulaza anthu onse.
Kodi cholinga chokhazikika ndi chiyani pakuphwanya malamulo a IP?
Cholinga chokhazikika (voorwaardelijk opzet) chimatanthauza kuvomereza mwadala chiopsezo chachikulu chakuti zochita zanu ndi kuphwanya malamulo, ngakhale simunafune kuphwanya malamulo. Mwachitsanzo, kupitiriza kugwiritsa ntchito mapulogalamu otsutsana mutalandira chenjezo lodalirika la kuphwanya malamulo, popanda kufufuza kapena kupempha upangiri wa zamalamulo, kungapangitse kuti pakhale cholinga chokhazikika.
Kodi nsanja yanga ikhoza kuimbidwa mlandu chifukwa cha zinthu zomwe zatumizidwa ndi ogwiritsa ntchito?
Kawirikawiri, ayi—ngati mumagwira ntchito ngati wolandila alendo osachitapo kanthu ndipo mukupitirizabe njira yodziwitsira ndi kuchotsa zinthu. Komabe, ngati munyalanyaza zopempha zochotsa zinthu, kulimbikitsa zomwe zikuphwanya malamulo, kapena kukonza njira yanu yochitira bizinesi yanu motsatira kuphwanya malamulo, mutha kutaya chitetezo cha malo otetezeka ndikukumana ndi mlandu waupandu.
Kodi pali kusiyana kotani pakati pa malamulo okhudza ufulu wa anthu ndi malamulo okhudza milandu?
Kukakamiza anthu wamba kumaphatikizapo milandu yoyambitsidwa ndi mwini ufulu, kufunafuna njira zothetsera mavuto monga ziletso kapena chiwongola dzanja. Kukakamiza anthu kuti achite zachifwamba kumaphatikizapo kutsutsidwa ndi OM, ndi zilango zomwe zingaphatikizepo chindapusa kapena kumangidwa. Kutsutsa anthu pa milandu kumafuna umboni wosonyeza cholinga ndipo kumasungidwa pa milandu yoopsa.
Kodi ndi njira ziti zomwe ndingachite ngati katswiri wa zaukadaulo kuti ndichepetse zoopsa za IP?
Chitani kafukufuku wa IP nthawi zonse, lembani zilolezo zonse ndi zilolezo, tsatirani mfundo zomveka bwino zodziwitsa ndi kuchotsa mapulatifomu, yankhani mwachangu komanso mwachikhulupiriro ku milandu yophwanya malamulo, ndikufunsani loya wa IP chizindikiro choyamba cha mkangano.
Kodi mkangano wa katundu wanzeru ungasandukedi mlandu waupandu?
Inde, ngakhale kuti mikangano yambiri ya IP imathetsedwa kudzera m'milandu ya anthu monga makalata oletsa ndi kuletsa, zoletsa kapena zopempha za chindapusa, Public Prosecution Service ikhoza kuyambitsa milandu yaupandu pazochitika zina, mwachitsanzo motsatira Article 79 ya Patents Act 1995.
Kodi ndi chiyani chomwe chiyenera kutsimikiziridwa kuti mlandu waupandu ugwire ntchito pa mlandu wa IP?
Cholinga (opzet) chikufunika. Popanda umboni woti woimbidwa mlanduyo anachita dala, mlandu waupandu sungaphatikizidwe, womwe ndi malire apamwamba kuposa mlandu wa anthu wamba, pomwe kusasamala kapena ngakhale mlandu wokhwima kungakhale kokwanira.
Kodi Unduna wa Zachipongwe umatsatira malamulo aliwonse ophwanya malamulo a IP?
Ayi. Kukhazikitsa malamulo okhudza milandu kumadalira mfundo yakuti malamulo okhudza milandu ndi njira yomaliza (njira yomaliza yothetsera vutoli), kotero Unduna wa Zachigawenga nthawi zambiri umangotsatira milandu ya milandu pomwe njira zothanirana ndi milandu sizikwanira kapena kuphwanya malamuloko kuli kwakukulu, kokonzedwa, kapena kumabweretsa nkhawa zazikulu kwa anthu, monga ntchito zauchifwamba pa mapulogalamu kapena kugawa zida zabodza.
Ndi zinthu ziti zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mkangano wa IP wa anthu wamba ukhale wolakwa?
Kusinthaku kumadalira zinthu zitatu zazikulu: cholinga, kukula, ndi momwe anthu amakhudzira.
