Ntchito zakutali zodutsa malire ndi Pangano la EU Framework pa telework: zomwe olemba ntchito ku Netherlands ayenera kudziwa

Wantchito amapempha kuti agwire ntchito masiku awiri pa sabata kuchokera ku Antwerp, kapena kunyumba kwa makolo ake ku Poland. Zimenezo zikumveka ngati nkhani yokhudza nthawi. Sizili choncho: ntchito yopita kutali ndi mayiko ena imagwiritsa ntchito malamulo atatu osiyana nthawi imodzi, ndipo mayiko atatu osiyanasiyana akhoza kukhala ndi pempho. Nkhaniyi ikufotokoza momwe angagwirire ntchito funsoli motsatira ndondomeko yoyenera, zomwe EU Framework Agreement pa ntchito yopita kumayiko ena imachita komanso zomwe sizimathetsa, komanso zomwe olemba ntchito ayenera kukhala nazo asananene kuti inde.

Mafunso atatu, mayankho atatu omwe angatheke, mayiko atatu osiyana

Cholakwika chofala kwambiri ndikuwona ntchito yodutsa malire ngati funso limodzi. Ndi zitatu, zolamulidwa ndi zida zosiyanasiyana ndipo zimasankhidwa payekha:

• Ndi dziko liti lomwe limapereka chitetezo cha anthu kwa wantchito? Binary, kwenikweni ndi yankho limodzi.
• Dziko liti? lamulo lantchito Kodi amalamulira ubalewo? Si lamulo la binary: lamulo losankhidwa lingagwiritsidwe ntchito pomwe malamulo ofunikira a dziko lina akupitirira mbali zake.
• Kodi wantchito amalipira msonkho kuti, ndipo kodi olemba ntchito amapeza chilolezo cholipira msonkho? Mafunso awiri, ndipo kuonekera kwa abwana ndi komwe kumaiwalika.

Wantchito wokhala ku Belgium, wolembedwa ntchito ndi kampani ya ku Netherlands, akugwira ntchito masiku atatu kuchokera kunyumba ndi masiku awiri Eindhoven, akhoza kukhala ndi inshuwaransi ku Netherlands, otetezedwa ndi lamulo la ntchito lovomerezeka ku Belgium ndipo amakhomeredwa msonkho pang'ono mu chilichonse; mwachidule chathu cha lamulo la ntchito lopitirira malire imafotokoza momwe zigawo zimenezo zimagwirira ntchito. Ndiko kuti dongosolo likugwira ntchito monga momwe linapangidwira.

Chitetezo cha anthu choyamba

Yambani apa: yankho lake ndi loyera kwambiri ndipo limayendetsa mapepala. Mkati mwa EU, EEA ndi Switzerland, Regulation 883/2004 imayang'anira machitidwe adziko lonse. Siligwirizana; limagawa.

Dongosolo limodzi nthawi imodzi

Mfundo yoyendetsera ntchito mu gawo 11 la Regulation 883/2004 ndi yakuti munthu ayenera kutsatira malamulo a Dziko limodzi lokha. Lamulo lokhazikika ndi lex loci laboris : muli ndi inshuwaransi komwe mumagwira ntchito, mosasamala kanthu za komwe mukukhala kapena komwe abwana anu ali. Wantchito wokhala ku Germany koma akugwira ntchito yonse ku ofesi ya ku Netherlands ali ndi inshuwaransi ku Netherlands.

Kugwira ntchito m'maiko awiri kapena kuposerapo omwe ali mamembala

Kugwira ntchito patali kumaphwanya mfundo yosavuta ndipo mfundo 13 ya Regulation 883/2004 imatenga udindo. Pamene wantchito akuchita zinthu m'maiko awiri kapena angapo omwe ali mamembala, mayeso ndi ngati gawo lalikulu la ntchitoyo likuchitika m'boma lomwe amakhala. Malinga ndi Article 14 ya Regulation 987/2009, malirewo ndi 25% ya nthawi yogwira ntchito kapena malipiro, omwe amawerengedwa m'miyezi khumi ndi iwiri yotsatira.

• Pansi pa 25% m'dziko lomwe mukukhala: Wantchito amakhalabe ndi inshuwaransi komwe bwana ali ndi ofesi yake yolembetsedwa. Kwa bwana waku Dutch, chitetezo cha anthu ku Dutch chimapitirira.
• Pa 25% kapena kupitirira apo: Ukadaulo umasinthasintha kupita ku dziko lomwe ukukhala, ndipo olemba ntchito aku Dutch ayenera kulembetsa ndikulipira ndalama zomwe amapereka kumeneko pamitengo ya dzikolo.

Vuto lonse ndi limeneli. Tsiku limodzi lowonjezera logwira ntchito kunyumba pa sabata lingathe kusuntha wantchito kuchoka ku Dutch social security, zomwe zingabweretse mavuto chifukwa cha ndalama zolipirira penshoni, matenda ndi ndalama zolipirira. Palibe chomwe chimachitika pang'onopang'ono.

Pangano la EU Framework pa ntchito yolumikizirana ndi anthu m'malire

Pangano la Chikhazikitso lilipo kuti lichepetse vuto limenelo. Ndi mgwirizano wa mayiko ambiri womwe wapangidwa motsatira gawo 16 la Regulation 883/2004, lomwe limalola Mayiko Omwe Ali M'mamembala kuti avomereze zosiyana ndi malamulo wamba ogawa magawo a anthu enaake kapena magulu a anthu.

Zomwe zimachita

Ngati zikugwira ntchito, mgwirizanowu umalola wantchito amene nthawi zambiri amagwira ntchito pafoni kuchokera ku boma lawo kuti akhale ndi inshuwaransi m'boma lomwe bwana ali ndi ofesi yake yolembetsedwa, ngakhale kuti malire a 25% a ntchito yayikulu adutsa. Chikhalidwe cha mgwirizanowu ndi chakuti ntchito yogwira ntchito pafoni yodutsa malire m'boma lokhalamo ndi yochepera 50% ya nthawi yonse yogwira ntchito . Ndiwo peresenti yokha yomwe mgwirizanowu umakhazikitsa. 25% si chikhazikitso cha mgwirizanowu koma malire a ntchito yayikulu a art. 13 ya Regulation 883/2004, pansi pake wantchito amakhalabe ndi inshuwaransi m'boma la bwana popanda mgwirizano uliwonse. Chifukwa chake, panganoli limayankha pakati pa 25% ndi 50%.

Mikhalidwe

• Mayiko onse awiri ayenera kukhala osainira. Pa tsiku lolemba nkhaniyi, mayiko 23 asayina: Austria, Belgium, Croatia, Czechia, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Ireland, Italy, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden ndi Switzerland. Ambiri adasaina kuyambira pa 1 Julayi 2023; Slovenia kuyambira pa 1 Seputembala 2023, Italy kuyambira pa 1 Januwale 2024, Lithuania kuyambira pa 1 Meyi 2024, Ireland kuyambira pa 1 Juni 2024 ndi Estonia kuyambira pa 1 February 2026. Denmark, Greece, Hungary, Bulgaria, Romania, Cyprus, Latvia ndi Iceland si omwe asaina, ndipo United Kingdom yanena kuti sisaina.
• Sizochita zokha. Mfundo imene olemba ntchito nthawi zambiri amaiphonya: sigwira ntchito mokakamizidwa ndi lamulo pa mfundo zenizeni. Pempho liyenera kuperekedwa, ndi chilolezo cha olemba ntchito ndi antchito, ku bungwe loyenerera la boma lomwe malamulo ake akufunidwa — kwa olemba ntchito aku Dutch, Sociale Verzekeringsbank. Popanda pempho malamulo wamba amagwira ntchito ndipo wantchitoyo akhoza kungokhala ndi inshuwaransi kunja.
• Zimabweretsa satifiketi ya A1. Chikalata chonyamulika chomwe chikuwonetsa kuti malamulo a boma ndi ati omwe amagwira ntchito: zomwe bungwe loyang'anira zakunja likufuna, ndi umboni wokhawo wothandiza womwe unapangidwa kuti makonzedwewo achitike.
• Imagwira ntchito pa telework yokha. Ikufotokoza za ntchito zomwe zimachitika kutali ndi dziko lomwe mukukhala pogwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wazidziwitso kuti mukhale olumikizidwa ndi malo ogwirira ntchito a olemba ntchito, osati kuyendera makasitomala, ntchito zapakhomo, zochitika zogulitsa kapena kuyendetsa galimoto kumeneko. Wantchito amene amagwira ntchito pa telefoni 40% komanso kuchezera makasitomala mdzikolo sali mbali ya ntchitoyi.
• Ndi mbali ziwiri zomwe zimagwirizana. Ikukamba za nkhani ya maboma awiri okha: boma lokhalamo ndi boma la olemba anthu ntchito.

Mgwirizanowu suli wokhazikika, ndipo mndandanda womwe uli pamwambapa sulinso wokhazikika: Estonia idalowa nawo kuyambira pa 1 February 2026. Tebulo losainira ndi mawu omwe akugwira ntchito akufalitsidwa ndi bungwe la Belgian federal social security service, lomwe limasunga mndandanda wa osainira mayiko omwe akutenga nawo mbali, ndipo SVB imafalitsa malingaliro aku Dutch. Yang'anani zonse ziwiri musanadalire mgwirizano wa mgwirizano watsopano kapena kukonzanso A1 yomwe imadalira, m'malo moganiza kuti zomwe zinali zoona pamene mgwirizanowu unakhazikitsidwa zikadali zoona.

Pempho loperekedwa mochedwa silimatayika kwenikweni. SVB imalandira zopemphazo ndipo imagwira ntchito kwa miyezi itatu, bola ngati zopereka zaperekedwa nthawi zonse m'boma lomwe malamulo ake amafunidwa kwa nthawi imeneyo. Chifukwa chake, kusiyana komwe kwapezeka mukuwunikanso malipiro kuyenera kukonzedwa nthawi yomweyo, chifukwa nthawi yokhazikitsa malamulo ndi yochepa.

Pamene Pangano la Chikhazikitso silikugwira ntchito

Ngati boma lililonse silinasainire, ngati wantchito akugwira ntchito kuchokera ku boma lachitatu, ngati ntchito yakutali ifika 50%, kapena ngati pali ntchito zosakhudzana ndi telework m'boma lokhalamo, malamulo wamba amayambiranso: kudutsa 25% m'boma lokhalamo ndipo wantchito ali ndi inshuwaransi kumeneko, ndipo olemba ntchito aku Dutch ayenera kulembetsa ngati olemba ntchito akunja ndikutumiza zopereka zakomweko. Kupatula payekha kungafunidwebe motsatira gawo 16 la Regulation 883/2004, koma ikufunika kuti mayiko onse awiri agwirizane, ndi osankha ndipo ndi ochedwa. Kunja kwa EU, EEA ndi Switzerland, mgwirizano wapakati ungagwire ntchito; pomwe Netherlands ilibe, inshuwaransi iwiri kapena kusiyana kwa chivundikiro ndizotheka.

Lamulo la ntchito: Rome I ndi malamulo omwe simungawagwiritse ntchito

Luso la chitetezo cha anthu silikukuuzani chilichonse chokhudza lamulo la ntchito lomwe likugwira ntchito. Ndilo gawo la Rome I, ndipo limagwira ntchito mosiyana. Pansi pa art. 3 Rome I magulu angasankhe lamulo lolamulira, ndipo mapangano ambiri aku Dutch amasankha lamulo la Dutch. Art. 8 Rome I imaletsa zomwe chisankhocho chimakwaniritsa pa pangano la ntchito: sichingalepheretse wantchito chitetezo cha zinthu zomwe sizingachotsedwe ndi mgwirizano pansi pa lamulo lomwe likanagwira ntchito popanda chisankho - poyamba, lamulo la dziko lomwe, kapena lomwe, wantchitoyo amachita ntchitoyo nthawi zonse. Art. 8 Rome I ilinso ndi gawo lothawa pomwe panganoli limalumikizana kwambiri ndi dziko lina, ndi art. 9 Rome I ikuwonjezera zinthu zofunika kwambiri pa forum. Tafotokoza mwatsatanetsatane momwe mgwirizanowu umakhudzira ufulu wa chipani.

Zotsatira zake ndizofunikira kunena momveka bwino. Wantchito amene amachitadi ntchito zake zambiri kuchokera kunyumba m'dziko lina lomwe lili membala akhoza kukhala akugwira ntchito kumeneko nthawi zonse. Malamulo aku Dutch akhoza kukhalabe lamulo losankhidwa pomwe chitetezo chofunikira cha dzikolo chimagwiranso ntchito - ndipo chitetezo chochotsedwa ntchito nthawi zambiri chimakhala chofunikira. Bwana waku Dutch wotsatira njira ya UWV kapena khoti lachigawo m'njira yachizolowezi angapeze kuti sanakwaniritse chidziwitso, kuchotsedwa ntchito kapena zofunikira zadziko lomwe wantchitoyo amakhala. Malipiro ocheperako, nthawi yogwira ntchito, tchuthi cholipidwa, chitetezo cha tsankho ndi malamulo osapikisana zimapempha chithandizo chomwecho. Palibe malire pano ofanana ndi mayeso a chitetezo cha anthu a 25%: "kuchita zinthu mwachizolowezi" ndi kuwunika kwabwino komwe kuli pakati pa ubale.

Pamene ntchito yogwira ntchito kutali ikuyamba kutumizidwa

Olemba ntchito amaona kuti Lamulo Lotumiza Ogwira Ntchito limakhudza ogwira ntchito zomangamanga ndi onyamula katundu. Cholinga chake, mu gawo 1 la Lamulo 96/71/EC, ndi kupereka ntchito kwa mayiko osiyanasiyana: kutumiza ntchito pansi pa mgwirizano ndi wolandira ntchito m'dziko lina la membala, kutumiza ntchito ku gulu, kapena kulemba ntchito kudzera mu bungwe lantchito lakanthawi. Gawo 3 limakhazikitsa mfundo zofunika kwambiri za boma lolandira - nthawi yogwira ntchito, tchuthi cholipidwa, malipiro, thanzi ndi chitetezo, chithandizo chofanana - chowonjezeredwa ndi Lamulo 2018/957.

Kutumiza uthenga kuchokera kunyumba kwa wantchito kupita ku akaunti ya abwana ake sikutanthauza kutumiza uthenga: palibe ntchito yomwe imaperekedwa kwa wolandira m'boma lina. Koma malirewo amadutsa mosavuta kuposa momwe olemba ntchito amayembekezera. Ngati wantchito wakutali akugwira ntchito kwa kasitomala m'dziko lawo lokhalamo, wayikidwa ku kampani yamagulu kumeneko kapena waperekedwa ku bizinesi ina, njira yotumizira uthenga ya boma lolandirayo imagwira ntchito, kuphatikizapo maudindo okakamiza motsatira Malangizo 2014/67/EU. Ku Netherlands imeneyo ndi udindo wodziwitsa wa WagwEU, womwe wolemba ntchito wakunja ayenera kukwaniritsa ntchito isanayambe; Mayiko ena omwe ali mamembala amayendetsa ma portal awoawo, ndipo olemba ntchito aku Dutch ayenera kugwiritsa ntchito mauthengawa pamene kutuluka kwa uthenga kukuchitika.

Misonkho: kuonekera kwa abwana kumabwera patsogolo

Gawoli ndi lapamwamba kwambiri mwadala. Misonkho imagwiritsa ntchito malemba enaake a mgwirizano ndi mfundo zenizeni, ndipo palibe chilichonse apa chomwe chili upangiri wa misonkho; funsani mlangizi wa misonkho musanagwirizane pa mgwirizano uliwonse.

Chiwopsezo chokhazikika cha kukhazikika

Chofunika kwambiri si msonkho wa wantchito. Ndi chakuti malo ogwirira ntchito kunyumba kunja kwa dzikolo akhoza kukhala malo okhazikika a olemba ntchito m'dzikolo, motsatira nkhani yokhazikika ya mgwirizano womwe ukugwira ntchito. Funso lalikulu ndilakuti ngati ofesi yakunyumba ili m'manja mwa olemba ntchito ndipo imagwiritsidwa ntchito mokwanira pa bizinesiyo, komanso padera ngati wantchitoyo nthawi zambiri amalemba mapangano, kapena amachita gawo lalikulu lotsogolera ku mgwirizano wawo, ngati wothandizira wodalira. Maudindo akuluakulu ndi amalonda ali ndi chiopsezo chachikulu. Kampani yokhazikika imabweretsa kulembetsa misonkho yamakampani, kugawa phindu komanso nthawi zambiri kuletsa malipiro am'deralo.

Udindo wa wantchito

Ndalama zomwe munthu amapeza pantchito zimagawidwa motsatira mfundo ya ndalama zomwe munthu amapeza pantchito ya m'pangano lomwe likugwiritsidwa ntchito. Mwambiri, ndalama zomwe amapeza zimakhomeredwa msonkho ngati ntchitoyo ikuchitika mwathupi, kupatulapo ngati wantchitoyo alipo m'boma lina kwa nthawi yochepa, malipiro ake amachokera kwa olemba ntchito omwe sali m'boma lomwelo ndipo sali m'gulu lokhazikika kumeneko. Masiku ogwira ntchito ogawanika amatanthauza ufulu wokhometsa msonkho wogawanika komanso zotsatira za malipiro a mbali zonse ziwiri.

Belgium ndi Germany

Dziko la Netherlands lili ndi mapangano awiri ndi Belgium ndi Germany, ndipo kupita kumayiko ena ndi nkhani yandale yomwe yakhala ikuchitika kwa nthawi yayitali muubwenzi wonse. Masiku ogwira ntchito kunyumba ndi nkhani yokambirana, ndipo mgwirizano ndi Belgium wakhala ukuyenda bwino: pangano latsopano linasainidwa mu 2023 ndipo kuyamba kwake kugwira ntchito ndi chaka choyamba chogwiritsa ntchito zidalembedwa mu Verdragenbank pa verdragenbank.overheid.nl, komwe ndi malo okhawo oyenera kuyang'aniridwa. Dziwani kuti ndi mawu ati a pangano omwe amalamulira chaka chomwe chikukambidwa, ndi zomwe akunena za masiku omwe adagwira ntchito kunyumba, malipiro asanakhazikitsidwe - osati kuchokera ku machitidwe akale, komanso osati kuchokera ku malipoti a atolankhani a siginecha.

Mikhalidwe yogwirira ntchito, thanzi ndi chitetezo kuntchito yakunyumba kunja

Lamulo la Dutch la zaumoyo ndi chitetezo silimaima pamalo a olemba ntchito. Malinga ndi Arbeidsomstandagehedenwet, olemba ntchito ali ndi udindo kuntchito zomwe zimaloleza wantchito kugwiritsa ntchito: art. 3 imafuna mfundo yolunjika pamikhalidwe yabwino kwambiri yogwirira ntchito ndi art. 5 mndandanda wa zoopsa ndi kuwunika, ndi njira yosiyana ya ntchito yodziyimira payokha. Kunja, olemba ntchito sangayang'ane mosavuta ndipo angakumane ndi njira yachiwiri, yakumaloko. Njira yogwirira ntchito ndi kudziyesa kwa wantchito, muyezo wolembedwa wa zida, malangizo olembedwa ndi njira yofotokozera zochitika zomwe zimagwira ntchito kuchokera kunja. Ngozi kuntchito yakunyumba yakunja imabweretsanso mlandu motsatira art. 7:658 ya Dutch Civil Code, ndipo udindo wosamalira siwochepa chifukwa desiki ili kudziko lina.

Chitetezo cha deta ndi zida

Kugwira ntchito patali mkati mwa EEA sikubweretsa vuto losamutsa deta. Kugwira ntchito kuchokera kunja kwa dziko kumabweretsa vuto: kupeza deta yaumwini kuchokera kudziko lina kumafuna njira yovomerezeka yosamutsa deta, yomwe nthawi zambiri imanyalanyazidwa mu ndondomeko za "ntchito kuchokera kulikonse". Kaya malo ali kuti, dziwani bwino mwini wa zidazo, ngati zipangizo zaumwini zingagwiritsidwe ntchito, momwe chidziwitso chachinsinsi chimagwiritsidwira ntchito m'banja limodzi, inshuwaransi ya zida zakunja, ndi kubweza kwake ntchito ikatha.

Zikalata zomwe ziyenera kukhala nazo

• Ndondomeko yogwirira ntchito patali. Mayiko ololedwa, kuchuluka kwakukulu kwa anthu akunja, zofunikira pakuvomereza, maola ogwira ntchito ndi kupezeka kwake, ndalama zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito, zida, chitetezo, ndi ufulu wodziyimira pawokha wochotsa kapena kusintha chilolezo ngati udindo walamulo usintha.
• Chowonjezera pa mgwirizano wa ntchito. Munthu payekha komanso payekha: malo ogwirira ntchito omwe agwirizana, kugawanika komwe kwavomerezedwa, malamulo olamulira ndi malo olankhulirana, ndi maudindo a wantchito omwe amalemba misonkho. Pangani nthawi yochepa komanso yosinthika, kotero kusintha kwa chitetezo cha anthu kapena udindo wamisonkho sikusiya olemba ntchito omangidwa ku dongosolo lomwe sangathenso kulipirira.
• Kulembetsa ndi fomu yofunsira A1. Ngati mgwirizanowu ukugwira ntchito, pempho kudzera mu SVB ndi chilolezo cha mbali zonse ziwiri ndipo A1 ili m'fayilo. Ngati sichoncho, kulembetsa kwakunja ndi malipiro ziyenera kukonzedwa tsiku lisanafike, osati pambuyo pake.
• Kubwerezabwereza. Mipata iliyonse imayang'ana mtsogolo, choncho onaninso chaka chilichonse komanso nthawi yomweyo za kusintha kulikonse kwa malo okhala, udindo, kachitidwe ka ntchito kapena maola.

Mndandanda wa zinthu zofunika kuziganizira: wantchito akupempha kuti agwire ntchito kuchokera kunja

• Ndi dziko liti, ndipo lili mu EU, EEA kapena Switzerland?
• Kodi ndi chiŵerengero chotani cha nthawi yonse yogwira ntchito m'miyezi khumi ndi iwiri ikubwerayi?
• Kodi ndi telework yeniyeni, kapena padzakhala maulendo a makasitomala kapena ntchito yapaintaneti kumeneko?
• Kodi chiwerengero cha anthu okhala m'boma chimakhala pansi pa 25%, chili pakati pa 25% ndi 50%, kapena kufika pa 50%?
• Kodi mayiko onse awiri ndi omwe asaina, ndipo kodi pempho laperekedwa ndipo A1 yapezeka?
• Ngati sichoncho, kodi kulembetsa kwa chitetezo cha anthu akunja kumakonzedwa tsiku lisanafike?
• Kodi wantchitoyo angakhale akugwira ntchito kumeneko nthawi zonse malinga ndi nkhani ya 8 Rome I, ndipo kodi chitetezo cha kuchotsedwa ntchito m'dzikolo chimafuna chiyani?
• Kodi udindo - udindo wapamwamba, ulamuliro wosainira pangano, ntchito yoyang'anira kasitomala - imabweretsa chiopsezo chokhazikika?
• Kodi mlangizi wa misonkho watsimikizira udindo wa malipiro m'maboma onse awiri?
• Kodi malo ogwirira ntchito kunyumba amayesedwa, ali ndi zida komanso ali ndi inshuwaransi, ndipo ali ndi njira yodziwira zomwe zachitika?
• Kodi njira iliyonse yosinthira zinthu kuchokera kunja kwa EEA ikugwiritsidwa ntchito?
• Kodi pali chowonjezera chosainidwa, chosinthika ndi tsiku lowunikira lomwe lalembedwa mu diarari?

Law & More imalangiza olemba ntchito ku Netherlands za ntchito yopita kutali: pempho la A1 kudzera mu SVB, kulembetsa ndalama zachitetezo cha anthu akunja ndi malipiro pomwe Pangano la Chikhazikitso silifika, lamulo la ntchito lomwe limagwira ntchito pamwamba pa pangano la ku Netherlands, ndi mfundo ndi zowonjezera zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mgwirizano usinthe. Ngati wantchito wapempha kuti agwire ntchito kuchokera kunja, chonde titumizireni uthenga musanayambe mgwirizanowu osati mutatha kulandira malipiro oyamba.