Mu nyumba yatsopano ya ku Dutch yomwe yamangidwa kumene, ndi kontrakitala womanga nyumbayo, osati wogulitsa malowo, amene amayankha mavuto omanga, ndipo kuyambira pa 1 Januwale 2024 udindo umenewo umaphimbanso mavuto omwe simunawazindikire popereka nyumbayo pokhapokha ngati kontrakitalayo atsimikizira kuti sangatchulidwe kuti ndi iye. Chomwe chimasankha udindo wanu ndi lipoti la kutumiza nyumbayo, momwe mumalembera mwachangu madandaulo, komanso ngati nyumbayo ili ndi chitsimikizo monga Woningborg kapena SWK. Nkhani 7:761 ya Dutch Civil Code imayika malire akunja: pempho limatha zaka ziwiri mutapereka nyumbayo, ndipo, pa nyumbayo, patatha zaka makumi awiri mutapereka nyumbayo.
Nkhaniyi ikufotokoza momwe udindo wa zolakwika m'nyumba zatsopano zomwe zamangidwa umakonzedwera motsatira lamulo la zomangamanga la ku Dutch , lomwe nthawi yomaliza imayendera, zomwe Wet kwaliteitsborging voor het bouwen idasintha, ndi zomwe muyenera kuchita ngati cholakwika chawonekera.
Momwe kugula nyumba yatsopano kumakonzedwera
Nyumba yatsopano yomangira nthawi zambiri imagulidwa pansi pa koop-en aannemingsovereeenkomst: chikalata chimodzi chokhala ndi mapangano awiri osiyana. Kugula malo ndi kugulitsa katundu wosasuntha, komwe kumasamutsidwa pambuyo pake ndi chikalata cha notarial, ndipo kumanga nyumbayo ndi pangano la ntchito lomwe limayendetsedwa ndi nkhani 7:750 ndi kutsatira Dutch Civil Code. Kugawikana kumeneku ndikofunikira, chifukwa magawo awiriwa ali ndi malamulo osiyanasiyana komanso otsutsana osiyanasiyana. Mafunso okhudza malo, udindo ndi malire ndi a wogulitsa komanso a malamulo ogulitsa nyumba ; mafunso okhudza nyumbayo ndi a kontrakitala womanga nyumbayo.
Popeza theka la malonda likukhudza nyumba yomwe yagulidwa ndi kasitomala, iyenera kulembedwa ndipo nkhani 7:2 ya Dutch Civil Code imapatsa wogula nthawi yowunikira yovomerezeka ya masiku atatu atalandira kopi ya mgwirizano wosainidwa. Mapangano ambiri omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pomanga nyumba zatsopano amawonjezera nthawiyo. Gwiritsani ntchito: nthawi yowunikira ikatha, kufotokozera kwaukadaulo, zojambula ndi ndondomeko yolipira zimakhazikika, ndipo ndizo muyezo womwe madandaulo onse amtsogolo amayesedwa. Kuwunikanso musanasayine ndikofunikira kwambiri kuposa mkangano pambuyo pake.
Chenjezo limodzi lokhudza mapepala. Zigawo zomwe zili zokhudzana ndi kugulitsa nyumba yomwe ilipo, monga ouderdomsclausule yoletsa udindo pa zaka kapena niet-zelfbewoningsclausule yogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi wogulitsa yemwe sanakhalepo m'nyumbamo, sizili ndi malo mu pangano latsopano lomanga ndipo siziyenera kukopedwa mu pangano limodzi. Ngati mukumana nawo mu pangano loyamba logula nyumba yomwe sinamangidwe, funsani chifukwa chake ali kumeneko.
Chomwe chimawerengedwa ngati cholakwika mu nyumba yatsopano yomangidwa
Chilema ndi chilichonse chomwe ntchito yoperekedwa siili yofanana ndi zomwe pangano, lomwe lawerengedwa motsutsana ndi malamulo ogwirira ntchito, omwe mungayembekezere. Palibe kabukhu kosiyana ka malamulo ka zolakwika za nyumba yatsopano; muyezo ndi mgwirizano wokha, makamaka kufotokozera kwaukadaulo ndi zojambula, zomwe zimawonjezeredwa ndi zofunikira za nyumba zamalamulo aboma. Zofunikira zimenezo tsopano zalembedwa mu Besluit bouwwerken leefomgeving, yomwe idalowa m'malo mwa Bouwbesluit 2012 pa 1 Januwale 2024 pomwe Omgevingswet idayamba kugwira ntchito. Nyumba yomwe ikukwaniritsa zojambula koma osati malamulo omanga imakhalabe ndi chilema.
Kusiyana kwachikhalidwe kuli pakati pa zolakwika zooneka ndi zobisika, ndipo ndi kusiyana kwa nthawi yoperekera katundu m'malo moganizira za kuopsa kwa vutolo. Matailosi osweka, chitseko chopachikidwa molakwika, kukanda pawindo: izi ndi zinthu zomwe wogula mosamala angaone akamayenda m'nyumba. Mawaya olakwika kumbuyo kwa plasterboard, chitoliro chotuluka pansi, kulimbitsa kosakwanira maziko: izi ndi zolakwika zobisika zomwe zimangodziwonetsa pambuyo pake, nthawi zina patatha zaka zambiri. Kumene mzerewo umagwera pankhani inayake ndi nkhani yeniyeni, ndipo imasankhidwa kwambiri ndi zomwe lipoti lopereka katundu limalemba.
Sikuti kulakwitsa kulikonse ndi vuto lomwe limakupatsani yankho. Ntchitoyo iyenera kukhala yoyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati nyumba ndipo iyenera kugwirizana ndi zomwe zinavomerezedwa, koma zolakwika zazing'ono zomwe sizikhudza kugwiritsa ntchito, mtengo kapena chitetezo sizingasinthe kuposa kukonza. Kumbali ina ya sikelo kuli zolakwika zazikulu : kutsika kwa nthaka ndi kuyenda kwa maziko, zinthu zonyamula katundu zomwe sizigwira ntchito, nyumba zomwe zili pachiwopsezo, kulowa kwa madzi kudzera muzinthu zolephera kapena nembanemba, ndi kukhazikitsa komwe sikuli kotetezeka. Izi ndizochitika zomwe nthawi yayitali yoyimitsa ndi mapulani a chitsimikizo ndizofunikira.
Pa chiwembucho chokha, mayeso ake ndi ogwirizana: nkhani 7:17 ya Dutch Civil Code imafuna kuti katundu wosamuka woperekedwayo akhale ndi makhalidwe omwe wogula anali woyenera kuyembekezera. Imeneyo ndiyo njira ya mavuto monga dothi loipitsidwa kapena chiletso cha umwini, osati denga lotayikira. Dziwani kuti lamulo la miyezi iwiri la nkhani 7:23 ya Dutch Civil Code limagwira ntchito pogula katundu wosunthika kwa ogula osati pogula nyumba; pa nyumba muyezo wake ndi wakuti muyenera kudandaula mkati mwa nthawi yoyenera.
Zomwe Wet kwaliteitsborging voor het bouwen zidasintha
Lamulo la Wet kwaliteitsborging voor het bouwen (Wkb) linayamba kugwira ntchito pa 1 Januwale 2024 ndipo ndilo kusintha kofunikira kwambiri kwa ogula nyumba zatsopano kwa zaka zambiri. Lili ndi malamulo aboma theka ndi malamulo achinsinsi theka, ndipo ali ndi magawo osiyanasiyana.
Lamulo la boma linakhazikitsa chitsimikiziro chodziyimira pawokha cha khalidwe. Pa nyumba zomwe zili mu kalasi yoyamba, zomwe zimaphatikizapo nyumba za mabanja amodzi ndi malo ang'onoang'ono amalonda, kuwunika kwa zomangamanga zaukadaulo kwa boma kwasinthidwa ndi kwaliteitsborger wodziyimira pawokha yemwe amafufuza nthawi yomanga ndikupereka chikalata chomaliza. Kuwonjezera kwa dongosolo limenelo ku ntchito yokonzanso kwayimitsidwa ndipo palibe tsiku lomwe lakhazikitsidwa; kuwunika kwa dongosololi kukukonzekera mu 2027. Mpaka nthawi imeneyo, kukonzanso kukupitirirabe pansi pa ulamuliro wakale wa boma.
Gawo la malamulo achinsinsi ndilo gawo lomwe limasintha ufulu wanu, ndipo limagwira ntchito pa mapangano omanga nthawi zambiri osati pa gulu loyamba lokha. Zosintha zinayi ndizofunikira kwa wogula.
- Udindo wa zolakwika zomwe sizinapezeke panthawi yopereka. Malinga ndi nkhani 7:758 ndime 4 ya Dutch Civil Code, kontrakitala amakhalabe ndi mlandu atapereka zinthu zolakwika zomwe sizinapezeke panthawiyo, pokhapokha ngati zinthuzo sizingatchulidwe kuti ndi zake. Chifukwa chake, udindo uli m'manja mwa kontrakitala, ndipo kwa ogula lamuloli ndi lofunikira: silingachotsedwe.
- Fayilo yoperekera. Nkhani 7:757a imakakamiza kontrakitala kuti akamaliza ntchitoyo apereke chikalata chosonyeza kuti ntchitoyo ikukwaniritsa zofunikira zomwe zavomerezedwa, kuphatikizapo zojambula, mawerengedwe ndi chidziwitso cha zipangizo ndi zomangira.
- Ntchito yochenjeza yolembedwa. Nkhani 7:757b imafuna kuti kontrakitala achenjeze za zolakwika zomwe zili mu ntchitoyo polemba, mosapita m'mbali komanso panthawi yake, ndikuwonetsa zotsatira zake.
- Chidziwitso chokhudza chitetezo. Nkhani 7:765a imafuna kuti kontrakitala adziwitse kasitomala wake polemba ngati ntchitoyo ili ndi inshuwaransi kapena chitetezo china ku zolakwika ndi kulephera kulipira ngongole.
Bungwe la Wkb linawonjezeranso lamulo lokhudza ndalama zosungira. Malinga ndi nkhani 7:768 ya Dutch Civil Code, wogula nyumba akhoza kuletsa ndalama zomaliza zisanu peresenti ya mtengo wa mgwirizano ndi notary; kontrakitala ayenera tsopano kudziwitsa wogula m'kalata kuti ndalamazi zidzatulutsidwa pokhapokha ngati wogula sakutsutsa, ndipo notary ayenera kufunsa wogula zomwe ziyenera kuchitika nazo. Kupereka ndalama zisanu peresenti patsiku lopereka katundu kumachotsa mphamvu yanu yothandiza kwambiri, choncho ganizirani mozama funsoli.
Kutumiza: mphindi yomwe imakonza malo anu
Kutumiza, mu Dutch oplevering, ndi nthawi yomwe kontrakitala akunena kuti ntchito yakonzeka ndipo kasitomala wavomereza. Nkhani 7:758 ya Dutch Civil Code ikuphatikiza zotsatira ziwiri pa kuvomereza: chiopsezo pantchito chimapita kwa kasitomala, ndipo kontrakitala amachotsedwa ntchito chifukwa cha zolakwika zomwe kasitomala ayenera kuti adapeza panthawiyo. Kuyambira pa 1 Januwale 2024 kutulutsidwa kumeneko sikufalikiranso ku zolakwika zomwe sizinapezeke, koma mfundo ndi yakuti chilichonse chomwe mungawone ndi udindo wanu kulemba.
Tengani kuwunikaku mozama ndipo musachite nokha. Woyang'anira nyumba wodziyimira pawokha amene akuyenda nanu m'nyumbamo adzaona zinthu zomwe wogula koyamba sadzaona, ndipo mtengo wa kuwunikako umakhazikitsidwa ndi msika osati ndi lamulo, kotero ndikofunikira kuyerekeza mitengo. Yesani kukhazikitsa, tsegulani mipopi, tsegulani zenera lililonse ndi chitseko, yang'anani zomaliza ndi milingo molingana ndi kufotokozera kwaukadaulo, ndikujambula chilichonse. Ngati nyumbayo sinamalizidwe, kuwunika makoma asanatsekedwe kumakhala kothandiza kwambiri kuposa pambuyo pake.
Mfundo iliyonse yomwe mungapeze imapita ku lipoti la kutumiza katundu, lomwe ndi proces-verbaal van oplevering, lomwe onse awiri amasaina. Chikalata chimenecho ndiye maziko a mkangano uliwonse womwe ulipo pambuyo pake: chimakonza zomwe zinali zooneka, zomwe zinavomerezedwa ngati ntchito yabwino komanso nthawi yomwe zidzakonzedwe. Musasayine lipoti loyera chifukwa kontrakitala akulonjeza kukonza zinthu mosavomerezeka, ndipo musavomereze lipoti lomwe limafotokoza zolakwika molakwika. Ngati zolakwikazo zili zazikulu kwambiri kotero kuti nyumbayo singagwiritsidwe ntchito moyenera, mutha kukana kutumiza konse, koma chimenecho ndi chisankho chomwe chili ndi zotsatira zachuma ndipo sichiyenera kutengedwa popanda upangiri.
Pansi pa mapangano a chitsanzo omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pamsika watsopano wa zomangamanga ku Netherlands, nthawi yokonza ya miyezi itatu imatsatira kutumiza. Munthawi imeneyo, kontrakitala ayenera kukonza mfundo zomwe zalembedwa mu lipoti la kutumiza ndi zolakwika zina zilizonse zomwe zingawonekere. Nthawi yokonza ndi nthawi yothandiza pa pangano, osati nthawi yocheperako: ikatha, ufulu wanu walamulo ndi chitsimikizo chilichonse chimapitirira. Iyi ndi nthawi yomwe kufufuza koyenera kumalipira kokha, ndipo pomwe mapangano pakati pa wopanga ndi kontrakitala amatsimikiza yemwe muyenera kulankhula naye.
Kodi kontrakitala adzakhala ndi udindo kwa nthawi yayitali bwanji
Mawotchi awiri osiyana amayenda, ndipo kuwasokoneza ndi chifukwa chofala kwambiri chomwe chimalepheretsa kunena zabwino.
Choyamba ndi udindo wodandaula. Nkhani 6:89 ya Dutch Civil Code imafuna kuti mudzionetsere mkati mwa nthawi yoyenera mutapeza cholakwikacho kapena ngati munayenera kuchipeza. Palibe nthawi yokhazikika ya miyezi iwiri pano; zomwe zili zomveka zimadalira mtundu wa cholakwikacho, kafukufuku womwe umafunika komanso udindo wa kontrakitala. Chotsimikizika ndichakuti chete chimapha: wogula amene amakhala ndi kutayikira kwa zaka ziwiri asanakulitse adzavutika, kaya ndi ubwino wanji.
Chachiwiri ndi malire. Nkhani 7:761 ya Dutch Civil Code imati pempho lililonse lokhudza vuto pa ntchito yoperekedwa limatha zaka ziwiri kuchokera pamene kasitomala watsutsa. Ngati mupatsa kontrakitala nthawi yoti akonze vutolo, nthawi ya zaka ziwiri imayamba pokhapokha nthawiyo itatha kapena kontrakitala akanena momveka bwino kuti sadzakonza. Kuphatikiza apo pali nthawi yayitali: pempholi limatha zaka makumi awiri mutapereka nyumbayo, komanso zaka khumi mutapereka nyumbayo m'milandu ina yonse. Nthawi yocheperako ingasokonezedwe ndi pempho lolembedwa pansi pa nkhani 3:317 ya Dutch Civil Code, ndipo ngati pali kukayikira kulikonse za tsikulo, kusokoneza ndikotsika mtengo ndipo kutaya pempholi sikophweka.
Onani zomwe nthawi izi sizili. Si lonjezo lakuti kontrakitala ali ndi udindo pa chilichonse kwa zaka makumi awiri; amangosonyeza malire akunja omwe pempho lomwe lilipo lingathe kuperekedwa. Ngati pempholo lilipobe zimadalira ngati ntchitoyo sinali bwino komanso ngati cholakwikacho chingachitike chifukwa cha kontrakitala.
Zotsimikizira za Woningborg ndi SWK
Nyumba zambiri zatsopano zomangidwa ku Netherlands zimagulitsidwa ndi chivundikiro kuchokera ku bungwe la chitsimikizo, monga Woningborg kapena SWK. Izi ndi chitetezo cha pangano pamodzi ndi malamulo, osati cholowa m'malo mwake, ndipo sizimangochitika zokha: onani pangano kuti muwone ngati nyumbayo yalembetsedwa ndipo funsani satifiketi.
Ndondomeko yamtunduwu imachita zinthu ziwiri. Waarborg imakutetezani ngati kontrakitala atalephera kulipira nyumbayo isanamalizidwe, mwa kukonza zomaliza kapena kulipira ndalama zomwe zatayika. Chitsimikizo chimaphimba zolakwika m'nyumba yomalizidwa. Motsatira malamulo atsopano a Woningborg, chitsimikizo cha khalidwe chimayamba miyezi itatu mutapereka, nthawi yokonza ikatha, kenako chimatenga zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi pazinthu zambiri. Pa zolakwika zazikulu, zomwe zikutanthauza zolakwika zomwe zimakhudza kulimba kwa nyumbayo kapena zomwe zimapangitsa kuti nyumbayo isayenere kukhalamo, chitsimikizocho chimagwira ntchito kwa zaka khumi. Chitsimikizo chimapita kwa mwini nyumba wotsatira ngati nyumbayo yagulitsidwa mkati mwa nthawi imeneyo.
Mfundo ziwiri zothandiza. Choyamba, chitsimikizo chili ndi njira yake yodziwitsira komanso nthawi yake yomaliza, yomwe imagwira ntchito mosiyana ndi malamulo, kotero madandaulo omwe ali pansi pa ndondomekoyi sasunga zomwe mukufuna motsutsana ndi kontrakitala ndipo zosiyana ndi izi ndizowona. Chachiwiri, ndondomekoyi imachotsa mgwirizano wabwino: kuwonongeka kwabwinobwino, ntchito yomwe inu kapena munthu wina mwachita nokha, komanso kuwonongeka komwe kumachitika nthawi zambiri kumakhala kunja kwa chivundikirocho. Werengani lamulo lomwe limagwira ntchito pa satifiketi yanu m'malo mwa chidule chake.
Kufotokoza vuto ndi kukwaniritsa zomwe mukufuna
Yambani polemba, ndipo yambani msanga. Fotokozani vutolo, nthawi ndi momwe linaonekera, tchulani kufotokozera kwaukadaulo kapena chithunzi chomwe chachoka, ndikukhazikitsa nthawi yeniyeni komanso yoyenera yokonza. Kalata yamtunduwu ndi chidziwitso cha kusagwira ntchito motsatira nkhani 6:82 ya Dutch Civil Code, ndipo ndi yomwe imayika kontrakitala pa kusagwira ntchito ngati nthawiyo idutsa popanda kuchitapo kanthu. Tumizani kudzera pa positi yolembetsedwa kapena imelo yokhala ndi chitsimikizo chotumizira, ndipo sungani fayilo yonse: zithunzi zokhala ndi masiku, makalata, lipoti lotumizira ndi chikalata chopereka.
Ngati kontrakitala akutsutsa chifukwa chake, lipoti la katswiri wodziyimira pawokha nthawi zambiri limakhala lothandiza, chifukwa mikangano yambiri yomanga imayamba chifukwa cha chifukwa osati lamulo. Ngati lipoti lomwe lapezedwa ndi gulu lina silingavomerezedwe, njira ya ku Dutch imakulolani kuti mupemphe ku khothi kuti mukafufuze katswiri kwakanthawi, ndipo ngati mfundo zimadalira zomwe zanenedwa kapena zachitika pamalopo, kufufuza koyamba kwa mboni kungathandize kuti umboni ukhalepo mlandu usanayambe.
Mukalephera kukonza, mutha kupempha kukonza, kuchita ntchitoyo nokha ndikupempha ndalamazo ngati zowonongeka motsatira nkhani 6:74 ya Dutch Civil Code, kapena pazochitika zazikulu kuthetsa pangano motsatira nkhani 6:265. Muthanso kuyimitsa kulipira magawo omwe akuyenera kulipidwa, omwe nthawi zambiri mu projekiti yatsopano yomanga ndiye mphamvu yothandiza kwambiri yomwe ilipo.
Kumene mkangano ukupita kumadalira mgwirizano. Mapangano atsopano omanga nthawi zambiri amatchula Raad van Arbitrage ku bouwgeschillen, bungwe loweruza milandu yomanga, kapena Geschillencommissie pansi pa ndondomeko ya chitsimikizo. Wogula samangokakamizidwa ndi gawo lotere: nkhani 6:236 pansi pa n ya Dutch Civil Code imafuna kuti wogula apatsedwe osachepera mwezi umodzi kuti asankhe makhothi wamba m'malo mwake. Ngati liwiro lili lofunika, mwachitsanzo ndi kulowa kwa madzi mwachangu, njira zoperekera chithandizo chanthawi yochepa pamaso pa khothi la milandu zimakhalabepo pamodzi ndi njira iliyonse yoweruza milandu. Kuti mudziwe zambiri za njira zomwe mungasankhe, onani mwachidule zathu zothetsera mikangano ku Netherlands ndi momwe malamulo omanga aku Dutch amafananira ndi miyezo yapadziko lonse lapansi.
Zolakwa zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ogula azilipira zomwe akufuna
Zolakwika zomwe zimachitika mobwerezabwereza ndi za njira osati zaukadaulo. Kusaina lipoti loyera la kutumiza katundu pa mphamvu ya lonjezo lolembedwa ndi mawu ndiye choyamba, chifukwa kumapatsa kontrakitala mfundo yakuti palibe cholakwika. Kutulutsa ndalama zokwana 5 peresenti patsiku lotumiza katundu ndi chachiwiri. Kuganiza kuti lamulo la miyezi iwiri likugwira ntchito, kapena mosiyana kuti zaka makumi awiri za chitetezo chopanda malire zikugwira ntchito, ndiye lachitatu; nthawi yeniyeni yomaliza ndi zaka ziwiri mutatha kutsutsa kwanu.
Zolakwitsa zina ziwiri zikukhudza mapepala. Ogula nthawi zonse amalankhula ndi wopanga nyumbayo ngati udindo womanga uli ndi kontrakitala, kapena mwanjira ina, ndipo amataya miyezi yambiri akuchita zimenezo; ko-open aannemingsovereenkomst imakuuzani kuti ndi iti. Ndipo ogula omwe amabwereka nyumbayo atangofika amapeza kuti wobwereka amavutitsa kupeza njira yokonzanso ndipo ufulu wa wobwereka umaletsa zomwe zingachitike komanso nthawi yake. Ngati dongosolo la kubwereka ndilo, konzani zoti vutolo likonzedwe musanayambe lendi.
Pomaliza, musaone mgwirizanowu ngati nkhani yofunikira. Zigawo za udindo, zochotsera chifukwa cha kutayika komwe kungachitike komanso zigawo zomwe zimasinthasintha chiopsezo cha zinthu zomwe zikuchitika ndizofala, ndipo ngakhale kuti kasitomala sangachotsedwe chitetezo chofunikira mu nkhani 7:758 ndime 4, pali zina zambiri zomwe zingakambidwe. Malamulo okhudza chitetezo cha ogula m'mapangano ndi kuwunikanso mgwirizano wamba monga momwe tafotokozera mu bukhu lathu la malamulo a mgwirizano wa ku Netherlands amagwira ntchito pano monga momwe amachitira ndi mapangano amalonda , ndipo kuwunikanso mgwirizano wolunjika musanasainidwe ndi kotsika mtengo kwambiri kuposa milandu.
Chochita chikawoneka cholakwika
Chitanipo kanthu tsiku lomwe mwazindikira cholakwikacho. Fotokozani cholakwikacho, lembani tsikulo, ndipo tumizani kontrakitala madandaulo olembedwa omwe akufotokoza zomwe zalakwika ndi zomwe mukufuna kuti zichitike, ndi nthawi yomaliza yoyenera. Musatulutse ndalama zosungira pamene mfundoyo ikugwira ntchito, ndipo musalole lonjezo losavomerezeka kuti lilowe m'malo mwa kuvomereza kolembedwa. Ngati kontrakitala akutsutsa chifukwa chake, pemphani katswiri kuti ayambe ulendo wake asanapite ku chipatala.
Nkhaniyi si yosiyana ngati munagula nyumbayo pamodzi kapena ngati mwangobwera kumene ku Netherlands. Malangizo athu pa kugula nyumba pamodzi komanso kugula nyumba ku Netherlands ngati munthu wochokera kunja kwa dzikolo akufotokoza mfundo zomwe nthawi zambiri zimakopa ogula, ndipo loya wa malo angakuuzeni mkati mwa msonkhano umodzi ngati cholakwika chili choyenera kutsatiridwa komanso kwa ndani. Ngati milanduyo ikhala yosapeweka, loya wa malo adzapereka pempholi kuyambira pa chidziwitso cha kusalipira mpaka ku khothi.
MAFUNSO OFUNSIDWA KAWIRIKAWIRI
Ogula nyumba zatsopano ku Netherlands ali ndi chitetezo chapadera chalamulo ndi chitsimikizo cha mapangano akamaonekera zolakwika. Mafunso omwe ali pansipa akukhudza mfundo zomwe zimachitika nthawi zambiri.
Kodi ufulu wa mwini nyumba ndi wotani akakumana ndi zolakwika atagula nyumba yatsopano ku Netherlands?
Muli ndi chitetezo champhamvu chalamulo mukamagula nyumba yatsopano poyerekeza ndi nyumba yomwe ilipo kale. Womanga nyumbayo amakhala ndi udindo pa zolakwika ngakhale mutatenga nyumbayo.
Muyenera kudandaula kwa kontrakitala polemba mkati mwa nthawi yoyenera mutapeza cholakwika; lamulo la miyezi iwiri lomwe anthu nthawi zambiri amanena limagwira ntchito pogula katundu wosunthika kwa ogula, osati nyumba. Mukangotsutsa, nkhani 7:761 ya Dutch Civil Code imakupatsani zaka ziwiri zoti mupereke pempho lanu.
Wopanga nyumba ayenera kukonza zoti ayang'anire katunduyo asanaperekedwe. Simuyenera kusaina zikalata zolandirira katunduyo mpaka katswiri wodziyimira pawokha atamaliza kufufuza bwino.
Kodi nthawi ya chitsimikizo imagwira ntchito bwanji pa zolakwika zomwe zapezeka pa ntchito yomanga nyumba yatsopano?
Mapangano a chitsanzo omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pomanga nyumba yatsopano amapereka nthawi yokonza ya miyezi itatu pambuyo potumiza, pomwe kontrakitala ayenera kukonza mfundo zomwe zalembedwa mu lipoti la kutumiza ndi zolakwika zina zilizonse zomwe zimawonekera.
Kuyambira pa 1 Januwale 2024, kontrakitala nayenso ali ndi mlandu pa zolakwika zomwe sizinapezeke panthawi yopereka nyumba, pokhapokha atatsimikizira kuti sizingatchulidwe kuti ndi zake. Chikalatacho chimatha zaka ziwiri mutapereka nyumbayo, ndipo, pa nyumbayo, ngakhale patatha zaka makumi awiri mutapereka nyumbayo.
Cholakwika cha kapangidwe ka nyumba chimaonedwa ngati chachikulu ngati chimapangitsa kuti nyumbayo isagwiritsidwe ntchito kapena chingayambitse kugwa. Wopanga nyumbayo angapewe mlandu pokhapokha ngati atsimikizira kuti cholakwikacho sichinali cholakwika chake.
Kodi ndi njira ziti zomwe ziyenera kutengedwa kuti mupereke chiwopsezo chokhudza zolakwika zomanga ndi womanga kapena wopanga mapulogalamu?
Muyenera kulemba zolakwika zonse zomwe mwapeza polemba. Jambulani zithunzi ndikusunga zolemba zatsatanetsatane za nthawi yomwe vuto lililonse linaonekera.
Tumizani chidziwitso cholembedwa kwa kontrakitala mkati mwa nthawi yoyenera mutapeza cholakwikacho. Chidziwitso chanu chiyenera kufotokoza vuto momveka bwino ndikupempha kukonza kapena kulipidwa.
Pemphani katswiri wodziyimira pawokha wa zomangamanga kuti akaone vutolo ndikukonzekera lipoti la akatswiri. Zikalatazi zimakhala zofunika kwambiri ngati kontrakitala akana kuthetsa vutoli.
Ngati kontrakitala sakonza cholakwikacho kapena kulipira ndalama zomwe zawonongeka, muyenera kusuma mlandu. Lumikizanani ndi loya wa malo kuti muwonenso mgwirizano wanu wogula ndikuwunika zomwe mungachite mwalamulo.
Kodi pali malamulo enieni oteteza ogula nyumba zatsopano ku zolakwika zomanga ku Netherlands?
Malamulo aku Dutch amafuna kuti akonzi apereke nyumba yomwe ikukwaniritsa zomwe zili mu mgwirizano wanu wogula. Nyumbayo iyenera kukhala yoyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'nyumba mwachizolowezi.
Wopanga nyumba sangachepetse udindo wake pa zolakwika zazikulu kudzera mu zigawo za mgwirizano wogula. Malamulo okhazikika oteteza ogula amagwira ntchito pogula nyumba zatsopano.
Kuyambira pa 1 Januwale 2024, nkhani 7:758 ndime 4 ya Dutch Civil Code imaika udindo kwa kontrakitala: pa zolakwika zomwe sizinapezeke popereka katundu, ali ndi udindo pokhapokha atatsimikizira kuti sizingatchulidwe kuti ndi zake. Kwa ogula lamulo limenelo ndi lofunika.
Kodi chitsimikizo cha kumanga nyumba (Woningborg) chimagwira ntchito yotani pothetsa mavuto m'nyumba zomwe zangomangidwa kumene?
Ndondomeko ya Woningborg imapereka chitetezo chowonjezera pamene kontrakitala wanu walephera kugwira ntchito kapena walephera kumaliza ntchitoyo. Chitsimikizochi chimaphatikizapo kumaliza ntchito yomanga ndi njira zothetsera mavuto a kapangidwe kake.
Si nyumba zonse zatsopano zomwe zili ndi chithandizo cha Woningborg. Onani mgwirizano wanu wogula kuti mutsimikizire ngati womanga nyumbayo adalembetsa nyumba yanu mu dongosololi.
Pansi pa lamulo latsopano la zomangamanga la Woningborg, chitsimikizochi chimayamba miyezi itatu mutapereka ndipo chimagwira ntchito kwa zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi pazinthu zambiri, komanso kwa zaka khumi pa zolakwika zazikulu zomwe zimakhudza kulimba kwa nyumbayo kapena zomwe zimapangitsa kuti nyumbayo ikhale yosayenerera kukhalamo. Chitetezochi chimawonjezera m'malo mwa udindo wa kontrakitala.
Kodi lamulo la ku Dutch limatsimikiza bwanji kuti munthu ali ndi mlandu pa zolakwika zomanga zomwe zapezeka pambuyo poti katundu wasamutsidwa mwalamulo?
Kusamutsa umwini sikuthetsa udindo wa kontrakitala pa zolakwika m'nyumba zomwe zangomangidwa kumene. Kontrakitala amakhalabe ndi udindo nthawi zonse za chitsimikizo mosasamala kanthu kuti ndani ali mwini nyumbayo.
Makhothi amafufuza ngati cholakwikacho chinali chooneka panthawi yowunikira asanaperekedwe. Simungathe kupempha chipukuta misozi chifukwa cha zolakwika zomwe muyenera kuziona ndi kuzinena musanasainire zikalata zolandirira.
Mosiyana ndi nyumba zakale, mutha kuyimba mlandu kontrakitala pamavuto omwe nthawi zambiri amakhalapo chifukwa cha ukalamba ndi kukalamba. Ukalamba wa nyumbayo sulola zolakwika m'nyumba zomwe zangomangidwa kumene panthawi ya chitsimikizo.
