Zodziteteza pansi pa lamulo la Dutch: ndi malire ati a udindo omwe alipo?

Kudziletsa kokha sikuchita zambiri motsatira malamulo a ku Dutch. Kumachepetsa udindo wanu ngati kwakhala gawo la mgwirizano ndi chipani china ndipo ngati lamulo likulola malire amenewo; udindo pa cholinga chanu kapena kusasamala mwadala, ndi udindo pa katundu kwa munthu wovulalayo, sungachotsedwe.

Chodzikanira ndi mawu omwe bizinesi imaika malire a zomwe imalonjeza komanso zomwe ingaimbidwe mlandu. Ku Netherlands ilibe mphamvu yodziyimira payokha yalamulo. Ndi nthawi ya mgwirizano kapena chikhalidwe cha anthu onse, ndipo imagwira ntchito pokhapokha ngati lamulo la mgwirizano la ku Netherlands limalola kuti udindo ukhale wochepa. Mawu ataliatali onena kuti udindo wonse wochotsedwa sukwaniritsa chilichonse.

Munkhaniyi tikufotokoza zomwe wotsutsa angachite komanso zomwe sangachite motsatira malamulo aku Dutch. Tikufotokoza malire omwe Dutch Civil Code (Burgerlijk Wetboek) imakhazikitsa pakuchotsa udindo, momwe wotsutsa amamangira anthu omwe amagwiritsa ntchito tsamba lanu, komanso momwe limasiyanirana ndi mawu achinsinsi, chidziwitso cha cookie ndi malamulo ndi zikhalidwe zomwe bizinesi yaku Dutch imafunikiranso.

Kodi choletsa chingachite chiyani, ndipo sichingachite chiyani?

Chodzikanira chimayendetsa ziyembekezo ndikugawa zoopsa mkati mwa malire a lamulo. Sichingapangitse kuti pakhale kuchotsera komwe malamulo aku Dutch sakuvomereza, ndipo sichingapangitse mawu osokeretsa kukhala ovomerezeka.

Chodzikanira cholembedwa bwino chili ndi ntchito zitatu. Chimayang'anira ziyembekezo, mwa kunena zomwe chidziwitso kapena ntchitoyo ili ndi zomwe sizili. Chimagawa zoopsa, mwa kuchepetsa udindo mkati mwa malire omwe lamulo limalola. Ndipo chimasonyeza chikhulupiriro chabwino, chifukwa chimatsimikizira kuti wogwiritsa ntchitoyo adauzidwa zomwe anali kulandira.

Palinso malire omveka bwino. Udindo wa imfa kapena kuvulala kwa munthu suchotsedwa m'machitidwe. Udindo wa cholinga chanu kapena kusasamala kwanu dala sungachotsedwe konse. Udindo wa katundu motsatira Dutch Civil Code sungachotsedwe kapena kuchepetsedwa kwa munthu wovulalayo ndi gawo lililonse.

Ndipo chotsutsa sichingapange mawu kukhala oona. Ngati webusaiti yanena china chake chosokeretsa, chotsutsa chomwe chili pansi pa tsamba sichingachithetse. Malamulo okhudza malonda osokeretsa ndi machitidwe osalungama amalonda amagwira ntchito pa mawu okha, osati pa mawu apansi pa tsamba.

Kodi kukana ndi nthawi ya mgwirizano kapena chidziwitso?

Mwalamulo, choletsa chimangochotsa udindo ngati nthawi ya mgwirizano. Kwa mlendo amene amangowerenga masamba anu, chimagwira ntchito makamaka ngati chidziwitso chokhudza mtundu wa zomwe zili mkati.

Iyi ndi mfundo yomwe ma tempuleti ambiri amalakwitsa. Malinga ndi lamulo la ku Dutch, gawo loletsa udindo limamanga mbali ina pokhapokha ngati likupanga gawo la mgwirizano pakati panu. Mlendo amene amangowerenga nkhani nthawi zambiri sakhala ndi mgwirizano ndi inu konse. Chodzikaniracho chimauza owerenga mtundu wa zomwe zili mkati mwake, m'malo mochotsa udindo ndi mgwirizano.

Zimenezo zili ndi phindu. Zimapanga zomwe owerenga angayembekezere kuchokera patsamba lino. Koma ndi chida chofooka kuposa chiganizo chomwe wogwiritsa ntchito wavomereza.

Ngati pali pangano, mwachitsanzo logula, kulembetsa kapena kugwiritsa ntchito nsanja, choletsa nthawi zambiri chimakhala mkati mwa malamulo ndi zikhalidwe zonse. Malamulo a malamulo pa malamulo onse amagwiranso ntchito mokwanira. Malamulo amenewo ndi okhwima, ndipo ndi pomwe zoletsa zambiri zimalephera.

Kodi ndi malire ati omwe Code Civil Code imakhazikitsa pakuchotsa udindo?

Malamulo aku Dutch amakulolani kuchepetsa udindo, koma osati mosasamala kanthu za momwe zinthu zilili. Khothi lidzachotsa gawo lina pomwe kudalira pa icho sikungavomerezedwe ndi miyezo yolondola komanso yachilungamo (redelijkheid en billijkheid).

Kusinthaku kukupezeka mu nkhani 6:248 ya Dutch Civil Code. Ndi chitetezo chomwe chili kumbuyo kwa gawo lililonse lochotsera anthu ku Netherlands. Pamwamba pa izi pali malamulo enieni omwe ali pansipa.

Kodi mungachotse mlandu chifukwa cha cholinga kapena kusasamala mwadala?

Ayi. Milandu yokhazikika ku Dutch imati chipani sichingadalire gawo loletsa anthu omwe akhudzidwa ndi mlandu pomwe kuwonongekako kudachitika chifukwa cha cholinga chawo kapena kusasamala mwadala, kapena ndi anthu omwe amayang'anira bizinesi yawo.

Kupatula mfundo yaikulu imeneyo, khotilo limaganizira zonse zomwe zikuchitika. Izi zikuphatikizapo momwe cholakwikacho chinali chachikulu, mtundu ndi zomwe zili mu mgwirizanowu, malingaliro a magulu awiriwa pankhani yokhudzana ndi wina ndi mnzake, momwe gawoli linayambira, momwe mbali ina idadziwira za kukula kwake, komanso ngati inshuwalansi inalipo.

Zotsatira zake zimadalira omwe ali m'magulu. Chiganizo chomwe chilipo pakati pa magulu awiri akuluakulu amalonda chingalephereke ngati mawu omwewo agwiritsidwa ntchito motsutsana ndi ogula.

Kodi malamulo okhudza malamulo ndi zikhalidwe zonse amawonjezera chiyani?

Ngati choletsacho chili mbali ya mawu wamba, nkhani 6:231 ndi zotsatira za Dutch Civil Code zimagwira ntchito. Gawo lina likhoza kuthetsedwa ngati ndi lovuta kwambiri, kapena ngati winayo analibe mwayi wokwanira wowerenga mawuwo.

Pali zifukwa ziwiri zoletsera mgwirizano. Choyamba, gawo lingathe kuthetsedwa ngati likuvutitsa kwambiri mbali ina. Khothi limayang'ana mtundu ndi zomwe zili mu mgwirizanowu, momwe mawuwo adachitikira, zofuna za mbali zonse ziwiri zomwe zinali zoonekera kwa wina ndi mnzake, ndi zina zomwe zinalipo pankhaniyi. Chachiwiri, gawo lingathe kuthetsedwa ngati mbali ina sinapatsidwe mwayi wokwanira woganizira zomwe zili mu mgwirizanowu usanachitike kapena pamene unatha.

Kwa mapangano ndi ogula, lamuloli ndi lokhwima kwambiri. Malamulo a Zachikhalidwe ali ndi mndandanda wakuda wa zigawo zomwe nthawi zonse zimakhala zovuta kwambiri, komanso mndandanda wakuda wa zigawo zomwe zimaganiziridwa kuti ndi choncho. Malinga ndi nkhani 6:237, mawu oyamba ndi mfundo f, gawo lomwe limamasula bizinesiyo kwathunthu kapena pang'ono kapena pang'ono ku udindo walamulo wolipira ndalama zomwe zawonongeka lili pamndandanda wakuda. Mu mgwirizano wa ogula, udindo wotsimikizira kuchotsedwa koteroko umagwera pa bizinesiyo.

Zigawo zamtunduwu zithanso kuyesedwa motsatira malamulo aku Europe okhudza zinthu zosalungama m'mapangano a ogula, zomwe khothi limagwiritsa ntchito lokha.

Kodi mumachita pangano ndi mabizinesi ena okha? Ndiye simuyenera kuganiza kuti malamulowa sakukufikirani. Makhothi aku Dutch amagwiritsa ntchito nzeru ndi chilungamo poyang'ana udindo wa kampani yaying'ono. Bizinesi ya munthu m'modzi yoyang'aniridwa ndi ogulitsa ambiri imakhala ndi chitetezo.

Ndi udindo uti womwe sungachotsedwe?

Udindo wina ndi wosatheka. Udindo wa katundu kwa munthu wovulala, ufulu wa ogula ndi malamulo komanso udindo woteteza deta umakhalapo, chilichonse chomwe tsamba lanu likunena.

Malamulo okhudza udindo wa malonda mu Dutch Civil Code amanena kuti udindo wa wopanga sungachotsedwe kapena kuchepetsedwa kwa munthu wovulalayo. Udindo wa imfa kapena kuvulala kwa munthu, m'zochita zake, sungathe kuchotsedwa.

Maudindo alamulo kwa ogula nawonso amakhalapo. Izi zikuphatikizapo ufulu wokhala ndi chinthu chomwe chikugwirizana ndi mgwirizano, ndi chitsimikizo chalamulo chomwe chimachokera pamenepo. Gawo pa tsamba lawebusayiti silingathe kuletsa izi. Ndipo ngati bizinesi yanu ndi yoyang'anira deta, maudindo omwe ali pansi pa General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR, mu Dutch AVG) amagwira ntchito mosasamala kanthu za zomwe wotsutsa aliyense akunena.

Kodi kudziletsa kumakhala bwanji kofunikira?

Chodzikanira chimamanga munthu amene wachita mgwirizano pokhapokha ngati chikhala gawo la mgwirizano ndipo munthu winayo ali ndi mwayi wokwanira wowerenga. Pa mapangano a pa intaneti, izi zikutanthauza kupereka malamulowo pakompyuta munjira yomwe kasitomala angasunge.

Chodzikanira chomwe palibe amene akanatha kuchiwona ndi chamtengo wapatali kwambiri. Chodzikanira chomwe chinabisika mu chikalata chomwe kasitomala sanalandire ndi chamtengo wotsika kwambiri. Malamulo aku Dutch akufunsa mafunso awiri. Kodi mfundozo zinakhala gawo la mgwirizano? Ndipo kodi mbali inayo inapatsidwa mwayi wokwanira wozilemba?

Kodi mumapereka bwanji mwayi wokwanira wowerenga mawuwa pa intaneti?

Patsani malamulowa pa intaneti, musanayambe kapena mutatha mgwirizano, mwanjira yomwe ingathandize kasitomala kuwasunga ndikuwafunsa pambuyo pake.

Nkhani 6:234 ndime 2 ya Dutch Civil Code imakhazikitsa muyezo uwu wa mapangano apakompyuta. Ngati sizingatheke, muyenera kuuza mbali inayi musanamalize mgwirizanowo komwe mawuwo angawerengedwe pakompyuta, ndipo adzatumizidwa ngati mupempha. Ngati simukukwaniritsa zofunikira izi, mbali inayi ikhoza kuthetsa gawolo.

Mwachidule, zimenezi zikutanthauza zinthu zitatu. Ulalo womwe umatsegula mawuwo usanayikidwe. Fayilo yomwe ingatsitsidwe. Ndi mawu omwe amatumizidwa ndi chitsimikizo cha oda. Chowonekera chomwe chimasowa si chosungira.

Kodi mumasonyeza bwanji kuti malamulowo anavomerezedwa?

Gwiritsani ntchito bokosi loti musankhe oda yanu isanatsimikizidwe, yokhala ndi ulalo wopita ku malamulo omwe ali pafupi nayo, ndipo sungani zolemba za kuvomereza kumeneko pamodzi ndi zolemba za oda yanu.

Iyi ndi njira yodziwika bwino yotsimikizira kuvomerezedwa. Pa tsamba lawebusayiti lomwe limawerengedwa lokha, ikani chodzikanira pomwe owerenga akukumana ndi chiopsezo. Chidziwitso chachifupi pamwamba pa nkhani yokhudza zamalamulo, zamankhwala kapena zachuma chimagwira ntchito kwambiri kuposa ulalo wapansi, chifukwa pamenepo ndi pomwe owerenga angadalire zomwe zili mkati.

Mfundo zina ziwiri zothandiza n'zofunika. Malamulo omwe amafika mgwirizano ukatha samakhala mbali yake, kotero nthawi yomwe muwapereka ndi yofunika kwambiri kuposa zomwe zili mkati mwake.

Ndipo nthawi zina mawu anu ndi a mnzanuyo amanena kuti akugwira ntchito. Malinga ndi nkhani 6:225 ndime 3 ya Dutch Civil Code, mawu achiwiri sagwira ntchito, pokhapokha ngati akukana mawu omwe atchulidwa poyamba. Chifukwa chake, kwenikweni, mawu omwe atchulidwa poyamba ndi omwe amapambana. Kukana komwe kutayika nkhondo iyi yamitundu sikuteteza chilichonse.

Kodi tsamba lawebusayiti la ku Dutch liyenera kunena chiyani mulimonsemo?

Mosiyana ndi choletsa chilichonse, nkhani 3:15d ya Dutch Civil Code imafuna kuti opereka chithandizo pa intaneti azifalitsa mfundo zina zofunika. Udindo uwu ndi wofunikira; choletsa sichoncho.

Lamuloli limagwira ntchito kwa aliyense amene amapereka chithandizo cha bungwe lothandizira anthu kupeza chidziwitso. Chidziwitsocho chiyenera kupezeka mosavuta, mwachindunji komanso nthawi zonse. Chikuphatikizapo:

• dzina lanu ndi adilesi komwe mumakhala;
• zambiri zolumikizirana, kuphatikizapo imelo yomwe imalola kulumikizana mwachangu komanso mwachindunji;
• nambala yanu yolembetsa zamalonda (ku Chamber of Commerce, KVK), ngati mwalembetsa;
• bungwe loyang'anira, ngati ntchito yanu ikufuna chilolezo;
• bungwe lanu laukadaulo ndi udindo wanu waukadaulo, ngati mumagwira ntchito yolamulidwa;
• nambala yanu yozindikiritsa VAT, ngati mukuchita zinthu zomwe zikuyenera kulipidwa VAT.

Mitengo iyeneranso kufotokozedwa momveka bwino komanso mosapita m'mbali, kuphatikizapo ngati misonkho ndi ndalama zotumizira katundu zikuphatikizidwa.

Chidziwitsochi nthawi zambiri chimakhala patsamba lomwelo ndi choletsa. Kumbukirani ziwirizi. Udindo wa chidziwitso ndi wofunikira, ndipo kuusiya ndi kuswa malamulo. Choletsa ndi kuyesa kuchepetsa udindo, ndipo zotsatira zake zimadalira malamulo omwe afotokozedwa pamwambapa.

Ndi zikalata zinayi ziti zomwe nthawi zambiri zimasokonezeka?

Bizinesi yaku Dutch yomwe imagwira ntchito pa intaneti nthawi zambiri imafuna zikalata zinayi zosiyana: chikalata chachinsinsi, chidziwitso cha cookie, malamulo ndi zikhalidwe zonse komanso choletsa. Kuziphatikiza kumabweretsa mavuto mbali zonse zinayi.

Chikalata chachinsinsi

Chikalata chachinsinsichi chimakwaniritsa udindo wa chidziwitso pansi pa GDPR. Chimauza anthu kuti ndani amene akulamulira, ndi deta yaumwini iti yomwe ikukonzedwa, cholinga chake ndi malamulo ati. Chimanenanso kuti ndani amene amalandira detayo, nthawi yomwe imasungidwa, ndi ufulu womwe anthu ali nawo.

Chikalata chachinsinsi ndi chofunikira kulikonse komwe deta yanu ikukonzedwa. Bungwe la Dutch Data Protection Authority (Autoriteit Persoonsgegevens) limachitsatira. Pa milandu yoopsa kwambiri, likhoza kupereka chindapusa cha ma euro 20 miliyoni kapena 4 peresenti ya ndalama zonse zomwe zagwiritsidwa ntchito pachaka padziko lonse lapansi, chilichonse chomwe chili chokwera. Pa milandu ina yophwanya malamulo, ndalama zokwana ma euro 10 miliyoni kapena 2 peresenti, komanso chilichonse chomwe chili chokwera. Chodzikanira sichilowa m'malo mwa chikalata chachinsinsi ndipo sichingachepetse zomwe chimafotokoza.

Chidziwitso cha cookie

Chidziwitso cha cookie chimagwiranso ntchito ndi lamulo lina. Kuyika kapena kuwerenga zambiri pa chipangizo cha wogwiritsa ntchito kumafuna chidziwitso chomveka bwino. Pa chilichonse choposa zomwe zili zofunika kwambiri pautumiki, mufunikanso chilolezo choyambirira.

Ku Netherlands udindo uwu umachokera ku Telecommunications Act (Telecommunicatiewet). Bungwe la Authority for Consumers and Markets (ACM) limayang'anira izi, pomwe Autoriteit Persoonsgegevens imayang'anira kukonza deta yanu yomwe ingachitike. Chilolezo chiyenera kukhala chisankho chenicheni: kukana kuyenera kukhala kosavuta monga kuvomereza.

Malamulo ndi zikhalidwe zonse

Malamulo ndi zikhalidwe zonse zimalamulira ubale weniweniwo. Amalongosola zomwe zimaperekedwa, nthawi, mtengo wake, malipiro ake, chitsimikizo chake, ndi malire a udindo. Apa ndi pomwe gawo lochotsera liyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mukufuna kuti ligwirizane ndi munthu amene wachita nawo mgwirizano. Buku lathu lotsogolera malamulo ndi zikhalidwe zonse limafotokoza momwe mungalembe ndikugwiritsira ntchito.

Chodzikanira

Chodzikanira, chomveka bwino, ndi chachifupi kwambiri mwa zinayizo. Chimafotokoza zomwe webusaitiyi ndi zomwe zili mkati mwake zili. Chimakana chitsimikizo cha kulondola ndi kupezeka, mkati mwa malire omwe afotokozedwa pamwambapa. Ndipo chimatanthauza mawu omwe amalamulira ubale uliwonse wapapangano.

Ndi zigawo ziti zomwe zili zofunika pa bizinesi yanu?

Palibe choletsa chilichonse. Gawo lililonse liyenera kuyankha zoopsa zomwe bizinesi yanu ikukumana nazo; pansipa pali zomwe zimachitika mobwerezabwereza komanso zomwe malamulo aku Dutch amachita nazo.

Kodi mumatsutsa bwanji kulondola kwa chidziwitso?

Nenani kuti zomwe zili mkati ndi nkhani wamba, sizokwanira ndipo zitha kukhala zakale. Izi ndi zolungama komanso zothandiza, koma sizitanthauza kusasamala.

Mawu oterewa amaumba zomwe owerenga angayembekezere moyenera. Sateteza wofalitsa amene akudziwa kuti chidziwitso ndi cholakwika ndipo amachisiya pa intaneti. Ndipo bizinesi yomwe ikuwonetsa chidziwitso ngati chatsopano pomwe sichili chatsopano ikhoza kukhala ikuchita malonda osokeretsa kwa ogula. Baibulo loona mtima la gawoli limatchula tsiku la zomwe zili mkati ndikufotokozera momwe kukonza kumachitikira.

Kodi mungasonyeze bwanji kuti zomwe zili mkati si uphungu wa akatswiri?

Nenani momveka bwino zomwe zili mkati mwake, tchulani katswiri amene owerenga ayenera kufunsa, ndipo fotokozani kuti kuwerenga tsamba sikubweretsa ubale ndi kasitomala.

Pa nkhani zalamulo, zachipatala, zachuma ndi misonkho, iyi ndiye gawo lofunika kwambiri. Liyenera kukhala lachindunji osati lachindunji.

Ku Netherlands pali chifukwa china chokhalira osamala. Upangiri wa ndalama ndi ntchito zachuma ndi ntchito zolamulidwa, zomwe zimayang'aniridwa ndi Dutch Authority for the Financial Markets (Autoriteit Financiële Markten, AFM). Webusaiti yomwe imasamuka kuchoka pa chidziwitso cha anthu onse kupita ku malingaliro a munthu aliyense payekha ingafunike chilolezo, chilichonse chomwe wotsutsayo akunena. Chigamulochi chikufotokoza malire; sichimasuntha.

Kodi mumatani ndi zinthu ndi kugwiritsa ntchito molakwika?

Fotokozani kagwiritsidwe ntchito komwe mukufuna ndipo onani malangizo ndi machenjezo omwe amabwera ndi chinthucho. Udindo wa chinthucho ndi ufulu wa wogula wotsatira malamulo umakhalapobe.

Kwa wogulitsa katundu, malire ofunikira ndi omwe afotokozedwa kale. Udindo motsatira malamulo okhudza udindo wa katundu sungachotsedwe, ndipo ogula amasunga ufulu wawo wovomerezeka. Chigawo chingathandize ndi kufotokoza momwe akufunira kugwiritsa ntchito, tchulani malangizo ndi machenjezo, ndikumveketsa bwino kuti wogulitsa sakutsimikizira zotsatira za kugwiritsa ntchito kunja kwa cholinga chimenecho.

Kumeneko ndi kugawa koyenera kwa chiopsezo. Kumakhala kolimba kwambiri ngati malangizo ali omveka bwino. Nkhani yathu yokhudza udindo wa malonda ku Netherlands ikufotokoza komwe malirewo akugwera.

Nanga bwanji maulalo ndi zinthu zopangidwa ndi ogwiritsa ntchito?

Chiganizo chakuti simuli ndi udindo pa mawebusayiti akunja chikuwonetsa zomwe zikuchitika, koma sichigwira ntchito zalamulo. Pa zomwe mumayang'anira, European Digital Services Act ndi njira yogwirira ntchito yodziwitsa ndi kuchitapo kanthu zimasankha zomwe mukuchita.

Lamulo la Digital Services Act (DSA) limayang'anira udindo wa oyimira pakati omwe amasunga kapena kutumiza zinthu. Limafotokoza nthawi yomwe wopereka chithandizo cha intaneti amamasulidwa ku udindo ndi zomwe ayenera kuchita akangodziwa kuti zinthuzo ndi zosaloledwa.

Chodzikanira sichingapange chikhululukiro chimenecho. Njira yogwirira ntchito yodziwitsa ndi kuchitapo kanthu ikhoza kuisunga. Ngati tsamba lanu lili ndi ndemanga, ndemanga kapena zotsitsa za ogwiritsa ntchito, njirayi ndi chitetezo chanu; gawoli limangofotokoza izi.

Kodi mumaulula bwanji maulalo ogwirizana ndi zomwe zathandizidwa?

Fotokozani momveka bwino za ubale wamalonda, pamodzi ndi malangizo enieniwo. Ku Netherlands, izi ndi udindo walamulo, osati ulemu.

Malangizo a American Federal Trade Commission omwe ma tempuleti ambiri amatchula si lamulo loyenera pano. Malinga ndi lamulo la Dutch, kulephera kuzindikira zomwe zili mumalonda ngati choncho kungakhale kulakwitsa motsatira malamulo okhudza machitidwe osalungama amalonda mu Dutch Civil Code. Malamulo amenewo amagwira ntchito polankhulana pakati pa mabizinesi ndi ogula, ndipo ACM imawatsatira.

Khodi Yotsatsa ya ku Dutch (Nederlandse Reclame Code) ilinso ndi khodi yeniyeni ya malo ochezera a pa Intaneti ndi malonda okopa anthu. Imafuna kuti ubale uliwonse wofunikira uwululidwe momveka bwino komanso pachiyambi cha uthengawo. Chifukwa chake, kuululako kuli pafupi ndi malangizowo, osati pansi pa tsamba. Chidziwitso chathu chokhudza machitidwe osalungama amalonda chikufotokoza momwe malamulowa amagwiritsidwira ntchito.

Kodi mumasamalira bwanji kupezeka kwa zinthu ndi kuchuluka kwa mautumiki?

Lonjezani kupezeka kotsimikizika ndi njira yotsimikizika, ndipo pewani kutayika komwe kungachitike pamwamba pa malire omwe atchulidwa. Pewani kuchotsedwa konse komwe kumatsutsana ndi malonjezo omwe aperekedwa kwina patsamba lanu.

Pa mapulogalamu ndi mautumiki apa intaneti, gawo lolondola limasiyanitsa zomwe zalonjezedwa ndi zomwe sizili. Kupezeka kotsimikizika, njira yotsimikizika ndi malire otchulidwa ndi dongosolo logwira ntchito lomwe makhothi aku Dutch amazindikira.

Kuchotsa udindo wonse pa nthawi yopuma, pamodzi ndi lonjezo loti zinthu zidzapezeka kwina kulikonse pamalopo, si zoona. Zonsezi sizingakhale zoona. Khotilo lidzathetsa kutsutsana ndi chipani chomwe chidalemba nkhaniyi.

Kodi chidziwitso cha kukopera chimakwaniritsa chiyani?

Chidziwitso cha kukopera sichipanga ufulu: kukopera kumachitika ntchito ikapangidwa, popanda kulembetsa. Chidziwitsocho chimachotsa kukayikira za umwini ndipo chimafotokoza momwe ntchitoyo ingagwiritsidwire ntchito.

Izi ndi zothandiza pa zomwe zingakopedwe. Ngati mukufuna kulola kugwiritsa ntchito zinazake, nenani. Mawu akuti "ufulu wonse ndi wotetezedwa" amalimbikitsa kukopera kosavomerezeka komwe kunayenera kupewedwa, ndipo samakupatsani china chilichonse chowonjezera pamene mukufunika kuchitapo kanthu.

Ndi lamulo liti komanso khoti liti lomwe limagwira ntchito pa webusaiti yodutsa malire?

Kwa ogula akunja, kusankha malamulo aku Dutch ndi khoti la ku Dutch sikuchita zambiri kuposa momwe mungaganizire. Malamulo awiri aku Europe amakhazikitsa malire omwe sangachotsedwe.

Tengani chodzikanira ponena kuti malamulo aku Dutch amagwira ntchito ndipo makhothi aku Rotterdam ali ndi ulamuliro. Anthu ogula m'maiko ena akangokhudzidwa, gawo limenelo silikuchita zomwe wolembayo akuganiza.

Lamulo logwira ntchito: Lamulo la Rome I

Lamulo la Rome I limalola magulu kusankha lamulo lolamulira. Komabe, mu mgwirizano wa ogula, chisankho chimenecho sichingalepheretse ogula chitetezo cha malamulo ofunikira a dziko lomwe amakhala nthawi zonse. Izi zimagwira ntchito pamene bizinesiyo ikutsatira kapena kutsogolera ntchito zake kudziko limenelo.

Sitolo yapaintaneti ya ku Netherlands yomwe imatumiza ku Belgium ndi Germany ndikutsatsa m'misika imeneyo imayang'aniridwa ndi chitetezo cha ogula cha mayiko amenewo, mosasamala kanthu za zomwe malamulo ake akunena. Kusankha lamulo kumakhalabe kothandiza pa chilichonse chomwe malamulo ofunikira sakuphimba. Koma sikuti kusanthulaku kutha.

Ulamuliro: Lamulo la Brussels I bis

Malinga ndi lamulo la Brussels I bis Regulation, kasitomala wokhala m'dziko lomwe lili membala wa EU akhoza kumanga bizinesiyo m'dziko lomwe lili membala wa bizinesiyo kapena m'dziko lawo. Bizinesiyo kwenikweni imatha kumanganso mlandu kwa kasitomala m'dziko lomwe lili membala wa kasitomalayo. Gawo la ulamuliro lomwe linavomerezedwa mkangano usanayambe silingachotse zimenezo.

Pakati pa mabizinesi pali ufulu wambiri. Kusankha bwino malamulo aku Dutch ndi khoti losankhidwa nthawi zambiri kumalemekezedwa.

Pomaliza pake ndichakuti zinthu ziwirizi zisiyane. Gwiritsani ntchito mawu amodzi kwa ogula, olembedwa ndi malamulo ofunikira a misika yomwe mumagulitsa m'maganizo. Gwiritsani ntchito lina kwa makasitomala amalonda, komwe kusankha malamulo ndi malo ochitira misonkhano kumachita ntchito zambiri.

Ndani amatsatira malamulo amenewa, ndipo kodi kulakwitsa kumabweretsa ndalama zingati?

Oyang'anira angapo aku Dutch amatha kuwona tsamba lomwelo lawebusayiti, ndipo khothi la milandu ya anthu likhoza kuyesanso chodzikanira chanu. Zilango ndi milandu ya milandu ya anthu ndi njira zosiyana, ndipo bizinesi ikhoza kukumana ndi zonse ziwiri.

N'zosavuta kuganiza kuti chodzikanira ndi chinthu chomwe chimangowonekera pamkangano wapachiweniweni. Mwachidule, olamulira angapo amafika patsamba lomwelo:

• Bungwe la ACM limayang'anira malamulo a ogula, machitidwe osalungama amalonda ndi malamulo okhudza ma cookie. Likhoza kupereka chindapusa ndi malangizo omangirira ndikufalitsa zisankho zake.
• A Autoriteit Persoonsgegevens amayang'anira GDPR ndi lamulo lokhazikitsa malamulo la ku Dutch. Mphamvu zake zimayambira pa kufufuza ndi malamulo omwe amalipidwa chilango mpaka zilango zomwe zafotokozedwa pamwambapa.
• AFM imayang'anira ntchito zachuma. Idzayang'ana ngati tsamba lawebusayiti lomwe limadziwonetsa ngati lodziwitsa anthu likupereka upangiri wolamulidwa.
• Madandaulo okhudza malonda, kuphatikizapo zinthu zamalonda zomwe sizinatchulidwe, amapita ku Komiti Yoona za Ma Code Otsatsa (Reclame Code Commission). Zigamulo zake zimafalitsidwa ndi kutengedwa ndi atolankhani, ngakhale kuti sizipereka chindapusa.

Pamodzi ndi zonsezi pali njira ya boma. Khotilo limasankha ngati gawoli linakhala gawo la mgwirizano (Nkhani 6:231-6:234 BW) komanso ngati kudalira pa izi ndikovomerezeka malinga ndi Nkhani 6:248(2) BW.

Kodi zodziteteza mu imelo, mawu ofotokozera ndi malipoti zimagwira ntchito?

Chikalata chosungira chinsinsi mu imelo ya bizinesi sichiteteza kwambiri. Zigawo mu mawu ndi malipoti zimagwira ntchito bwino kwambiri, chifukwa zimakhala zenizeni ndipo zimaperekedwa panthawi yoyenera.

Chikalata chosungira chinsinsi ndicho choletsa chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri komanso chosagwira ntchito kwambiri m'magawo onse. Mawu akuti uthenga ndi wachinsinsi ndipo uyenera kuchotsedwa ngati walandiridwa molakwika amabwera wolandirayo atawerenga kale. Sichipanga udindo kwa munthu amene sanavomereze.

Sizothandiza. Zimasonyeza kuti wotumizayo ankafuna kuti nkhaniyo ikhale yachinsinsi, zomwe zingakhale zofunika pa mkangano wokhudza kugwiritsidwa ntchito molakwika. Koma simuyenera kudalira kuti ndi chitetezo.

Ntchito ziwiri zofanana ndizofunika kwambiri. Chiganizo kapena lingaliro liyenera kunena momveka bwino kuti likugwirizana ndi malamulo ndi zikhalidwe zanu zonse, litchule, liphatikizepo ndi kunena nthawi yovomerezeka. Imeneyo ndi nthawi yomwe malamulowo aperekedwa bwino ndipo malire a udindo alowa mu mgwirizano.

Lipotilo, maganizo kapena chitsanzo choperekedwa kwa kasitomala chiyenera kunena kuti chinakonzedwera ndani, pa malingaliro ati komanso tsiku liti. Chiyeneranso kunena kuti palibe udindo womwe umalandiridwa kwa anthu ena omwe alandira. Mtundu uwu wa kuletsa ndi ntchito yachizolowezi, ndipo makhothi amautenga mozama chifukwa ndi wapadera.

Kodi muyenera kuyang'ana chiyani ngati bizinesi musanasindikize?

Yang'anani mfundo izi tsamba lisanayambe kuonekera komanso pa ndemanga iliyonse yapachaka.

• Zambiri za wopereka zomwe zimafunika mu Article 3:15d BW zilipo ndipo zilipo, kuphatikiza nambala yanu ya KvK komanso, ngati kuli koyenera, nambala yanu yozindikiritsa VAT.
• Malire a udindo ali m'magawo omwe makasitomala amavomereza asanayitanitse, ndipo kuvomereza kumalembedwa ndi odayo.
• Palibe gawo lomwe limanena kuti silikuchotsa udindo chifukwa cha cholinga kapena kusasamala mwadala, kapena motsatira malamulo okhudza udindo wa malonda.
• Zosaphatikizidwa zimatchula kutayika komwe zimaphimba ndipo zimachepetsedwa, ndipo mawu a ogula ndi omveka bwino komanso omveka bwino monga momwe Article 6:238(2) BW imafunira.
• Maulalo ogwirizana ndi zomwe zathandizidwa zimawululidwa pafupi ndi malangizowo, ndipo zomwe ogwiritsa ntchito amasunga zimakhala ndi njira yodziwitsira ndi kuchitapo kanthu motsatira DSA.
• Tsambali likuwonetsa tsiku lomwe linasinthidwa komaliza.

Kodi muyenera kuyang'ana chiyani ngati kasitomala podalira chodzikanira?

Kudziletsa sikuchotsa ufulu wanu wokha.

• Onetsetsani ngati gawolo linali gawo la pangano lomwe munapangana, kapena chidziwitso chokha patsamba lomwe munawerenga.
• Onani ngati malamulowo adaperekedwa kwa inu musanayambe kapena pamene mudalamula, monga momwe Article 6:234 BW imafunira; ngati sichoncho, mungathe kuchotsa gawolo.
• Monga kasitomala, onani ngati gawoli lili pamndandanda wakuda wa Article 6:236 BW kapena mndandanda wakuda wa Article 6:237 BW.
• Kumbukirani kuti ufulu wanu wovomerezeka ndi lamulo wokhala ndi zinthu zomwe zikugwirizana ndi zomwe zanenedwa komanso zomwe zili ndi mlandu wa zinthuzo zimakhalabe momwemo, chilichonse chomwe wotsutsa akunena.

Kodi tingakuchitireni chiyani ndi mawu anu odziteteza komanso mawu a webusaitiyi?

Maloya athu a IT ndi ukadaulo ndi maloya amakampani amalemba ndikuwunikanso zikalata zapawebusayiti za mabizinesi aku Dutch ndi apadziko lonse lapansi.

• Timalemba zomwe bizinesi yanu imachita pa intaneti komanso komwe wogwiritsa ntchito angataye, ndikulemba zigawo zomwe zikugwirizana ndi zoopsazo.
• Timalemba kapena kuwunikanso malamulo ndi zikhalidwe zanu zonse motsatira Nkhani 6:231-6:247 BW, kuphatikizapo malire a udindo.
• Timafufuza tsamba lanu lawebusayiti kuti tidziwe zambiri za omwe amapereka chithandizo motsatira Article 3:15d BW, mawu achinsinsi ndi chilolezo cha cookie.
• Tinakhazikitsa malamulo osiyana kwa ogula ndi makasitomala amalonda, ndi kusankha malamulo ndi malo olankhulirana pansi pa Rome I ndi Brussels I bis.
• Timawunikanso zomwe mwalemba zokhudza ogwirizana nawo komanso anthu omwe ali ndi chidwi ndi malonda anu motsutsana ndi malamulo okhudza machitidwe osalungama amalonda komanso Dutch Advertising Code.

Chidule

• Chodzikanira chilibe mphamvu yodziyimira payokha yalamulo ku Netherlands. Chimangochotsa udindo ngati nthawi ya mgwirizano, mkati mwa malire a Dutch Civil Code.
• Udindo wa cholinga chanu kapena kusasamala mwadala, komanso udindo wa katundu kwa munthu wovulala, sungachotsedwe; ogula amasunga ufulu wawo wovomerezeka.
• Mwachidule, kuletsa kungathe kuthetsedwa ngati kuli kovuta kwambiri kapena ngati winayo analibe mwayi wokwanira wowerenga. Pa intaneti, izi zikutanthauza kupereka malamulowo pakompyuta mu fomu yomwe kasitomala angasunge.
• Zambiri za wopereka chithandizo pansi pa nkhani 3:15d, mawu achinsinsi ndi malamulo a cookie ndizofunikira. Chodzikanira sichoncho, ndipo sichingalowe m'malo mwake.
• Zigawo zenizeni, zolembedwa mwachidule m'mawu osavuta, zomwe zimaperekedwa pangano lisanathe ndikuwunikidwanso chaka chilichonse, ndi zomwe zimasunga nthawi.

MAFUNSO OFUNSIDWA KAWIRIKAWIRI