Kuwunikanso momwe ntchito ikuyendera komanso kasamalidwe ka ntchito nthawi zambiri zimakhala maziko a fayilo yochotsera ntchito chifukwa cha kusagwira bwino ntchito. Komabe, m'machitidwe, zopempha zothetsa ntchito chifukwa cha kusagwira bwino ntchito nthawi zambiri zimalephera, osati chifukwa kusagwira bwino ntchito sikunali nkhawa yeniyeni, koma chifukwa olemba ntchito sangasonyeze kuti wantchitoyo adachenjezedwa nthawi yake komanso makamaka, kuti wantchitoyo adapatsidwa mwayi weniweni komanso woti asinthe, ndipo kuti kusinthidwa kwa ntchito kunafufuzidwa. Milandu yaposachedwa, kuphatikizapo zigamulo ziwiri za 2026 ndi bungwe la Amsterdam Khoti Loona za Apilo lokhudza IBM, likuwonetsa momwe makhoti amayesera izi mwamphamvu.
Maziko a lamulo: nkhani 7:669 ya Dutch Civil Code
Poyambira pa lamulo la ku Netherlands lochotsa ntchito ndi lakuti pangano la ntchito lingathe kuthetsedwa kapena kuthetsedwa pokhapokha ngati pali chifukwa chomveka chochitira zimenezi ndipo kusamutsa wantchitoyo mkati mwa nthawi yoyenera, ndi maphunziro kapena ayi, kupita ku ntchito ina yoyenera sikungatheke kapena sikuli koyenera. Izi zikutsatira nkhani 7:669(1) ya Dutch Civil Code (Burgerlijk Wetboek, BW). Chifukwa chake kusamutsa ntchito si nkhani yapambali koma ndi chinthu chodziyimira pawokha pamodzi ndi malo ochotsera ntchito okha.
Pankhani ya kusagwira bwino ntchito, mfundo imeneyi, yomwe nthawi zambiri imatchedwa d-ground, yafotokozedwa mu nkhani 7:669(3)(d) BW. Gawoli likufotokoza kuti ndi kusayenerera kwa wantchito kuchita ntchito yomwe adagwirizana, kupatulapo chifukwa cha matenda kapena chilema, bola ngati bwanayo adziwitsa wantchito za izi nthawi yake ndikupatsa wantchitoyo mwayi wokwanira wowongolera magwiridwe antchito ake, ndipo kusayenerera sikuli chifukwa cha kusasamalira mokwanira kwa wantchitoyo maphunziro kapena malo ogwirira ntchito.
Zofunikira zitatu izi, kudziwitsa nthawi yake, mwayi weniweni woti zinthu zisinthe, komanso kusaphunzitsidwa kapena kulephera kugwira ntchito kwa olemba ntchito, zaphatikizidwa kale mu lamulo la d-ground lokha.
Lamulo Lochotsa Ntchito (Ontslagregeling) limafotokozanso zinthu zina ziwiri za dongosolo lochotsa ntchito. Nkhani 9 ya Lamulo Lochotsa Ntchito imafotokoza udindo wosintha ntchito: poyesa ngati pali ntchito yoyenera, mipata yomwe idzachitike mkati mwa nthawi yoyenera, maudindo odzazidwa kwakanthawi, ndi maudindo mkati mwa gulu lililonse la makampani ziyeneranso kuganiziridwa, ndipo udindo umaonedwa kuti ndi woyenera ngati ukugwirizana ndi maphunziro, luso ndi luso la wantchito.
Kenako nkhani 10 ya lamulo lochotsa ntchito imatsimikiza nthawi yoyenera imeneyo: kwenikweni yofanana ndi nthawi yodziwitsira yovomerezeka, yowerengedwa kuyambira tsiku lomwe chisankho chaperekedwa pa pempho lochotsa ntchito kapena kuchotsedwa ntchito. Kuphatikiza apo, udindo wosiyana wophunzitsira umagwira ntchito motsatira nkhani 7:611a BW : olemba ntchito ayenera kulola wantchitoyo kuchita maphunziro ofunikira paudindo wake. Ngati kusagwira bwino ntchito kwachitika chifukwa cha kuswa udindowo, d-ground singathe kupambana pachifukwa chimenecho chokha.
Zimene khoti limayesadi
Maloya athu a zamalamulo okhudza ntchito akuona kuti khoti silimafufuza ngati zokambirana zinachitika nthawi ina, koma ngati wantchitoyo ankadziwa bwino lomwe komwe ntchito yake sinali bwino, kusintha komwe kunkayembekezeredwa, mkati mwa nthawi iti, ndi chithandizo chotani, komanso kuti kulephera kusintha kungayambitse zotsatirapo pa ntchito yake. Mawu osamveka bwino monga akuti "muyenera kukhala okonzeka kwambiri" kapena "mgwirizano ukhoza kukhala wabwino" sagwira ntchito popanda zitsanzo zenizeni ndi mapangano otsatira.
Kuyesedwa kolimba kwa izi kwawonetsedwa ndi zigamulo ziwiri za 2026 za Amsterdam Khoti Loona za Apilo lokhudza IBM. Khotilo linagamula kuti njira yowongolera yomwe imalembedwa mofanana kwa antchito angapo, mwa kuyankhula kwina, siyokwanira, chifukwa njira yowongolera iyenera kusinthidwa kuti igwirizane ndi zofooka za wantchito aliyense payekha. Kuphatikiza apo, olemba ntchito akuluakulu komanso akatswiri monga IBM akuyembekezeka kulemba kuwunika kwakanthawi.
Mwachidule, khotilo linaona kuti zofooka zimenezi ndi zosayenera, koma osati zosayenera kwambiri: kusakhalapo kwa d-ground yotsimikizika sikupangitsa kuti pakhale chiyeneretso chokhwima kwambiri chofunikira kuti munthu alandire malipiro oyenera.
Khoti Lalikulu la Zeeland-West-Brabant linafotokoza mu 2026 zomwe dongosolo lowongolera liyenera kukhala nazo: pogwiritsa ntchito zitsanzo zenizeni, olemba ntchito ayenera kufotokoza momveka bwino komwe ntchito ya wantchitoyo imalephera, zomwe akuyembekezeka kwa wantchitoyo paudindo wake, komanso momwe kapena ndi chithandizo chotani chomwe kusintha komwe akufuna kungakwaniritsidwe.
Khoti Lalikulu la Noord-Nederland likuwonjezera kuti wantchito ayenera kudziwa pasadakhale kuti, ngati kusintha sikungatheke mkati mwa nthawi inayake, kutha kwa mgwirizano wantchito kungatsatire. Nthawi yomweyo, mawonekedwe omwe amachitika sakuperekedwa ndi lamulo: malamulo a milandu akugogomezera kuti momwe olemba ntchito amathandizira ndikulemba kusintha kumadalira momwe mlanduwo ulili.
Fayilo yopanda mbiri yolembedwa siimangokhala yopanda chiyembekezo, koma udindo wotsimikizira kuti pali chifukwa chomveka chochotsera ntchito uli m'manja mwa olemba ntchito, ndipo popanda malipoti, maimelo kapena kuwunika, nthawi zambiri zimakhala zovuta kwambiri kukwaniritsa.
Udindo wa ndemanga za magwiridwe antchito
Kuunikanso magwiridwe antchito, pachimake pake, ndi kukambirana kwa mbali ziwiri pakati pa manejala ndi wantchito pankhani ya kupita patsogolo ndi mgwirizano, popanda chigamulo chomaliza chovomerezeka. Izi zimasiyanitsa ndi kuyankhulana koyesa, komwe kumakhala mbali imodzi ndipo kumabweretsa zigoli kapena chiweruzo chomwe chimakhala ndi zotsatirapo, mwachitsanzo, malipiro kapena kukwezedwa pantchito. Zonsezi ndizofunikira pa fayilo yochotsa ntchito: kuwunikanso magwiridwe antchito nthawi zambiri ndi komwe zofooka zimayamba kuzindikirika, pomwe kuyankhulana koyesa kumatsimikizira ndikukhazikitsa kutsutsako.
Chitsanzo chaposachedwa cha momwe izi zingalepheretsedwe ndi chigamulo cha June 2026 cha Khoti Lalikulu la Rotterdam chokhudza kuchotsedwa ntchito kwa director wa Nederlands Fotomuseum. M'zaka zisanachitike kuchotsedwa ntchito, panali kuwunikanso magwiridwe antchito kamodzi kokha, ndipo kunali kwabwino; malipoti apachaka a bungwe loyang'anira anali ofanana ndi omwewo panthawi yomweyi.
Pamene kuchotsedwa kwa mlandu mwadzidzidzi kunachokera pa kusagwira bwino ntchito, khoti silinathe kugwirizanitsa zimenezo ndi fayilo yosonyeza zosiyana. Mlanduwu ukuwonetsa nkhani yobwerezabwereza m'milandu: kuwunikira koyambirira komwe sikukugwirizana ndi kudzudzulidwa kwadzidzidzi kumawononga kudalirika kwa fayilo yochotsedwa.
Kusamutsa anthu ena pantchito ndi maphunziro ngati mikhalidwe yodziyimira payokha
Fayilo yochotsedwa ntchito yokonzedwa bwino chifukwa cha kusagwira bwino ntchito sidzapulumutsa kuchotsedwa ntchito ngati lamulo loti munthu agwire ntchito m'malo ena monga momwe zilili mu nkhani 7:669(1) BW silinakwaniritsidwe. Khoti Lalikulu la ku Netherlands latsimikiza kuti khotilo liyenera kuyang'ana nkhaniyi padera, ngakhale kuti kusagwira ntchito bwino kwatsimikizika kale. Mwachidule, izi nthawi zambiri zimakhala zolakwika chifukwa olemba ntchito amangotumiza mndandanda wa anthu omwe ali ndi ntchito, popanda kufufuza, komwe kumachitika limodzi ndi wantchito, m'malo oyenera, kuphatikizapo mkati mwa gulu lililonse la makampani, komanso osayang'ana ngati maphunziro angapangitse kuti ntchitoyo ikhale yoyenera.
Udindo wophunzitsira womwe uli mu nkhani 7:611a BW uli ndi mbali ziwiri apa. Ndikofunikira pa funso loti ngati kusagwira bwino ntchito kwenikweni kumabwera chifukwa cha olemba ntchito, chifukwa d-ground siigwira ntchito bwino ngati kusayenererako kumabwera chifukwa chosasamalira bwino maphunziro.
Ndipo ndikofunikira pakusintha ntchito, chifukwa ntchito yomwe si yoyenera nthawi yomweyo nthawi zina ingakhale yoyenera ndi maphunziro. Maphunziro omwe ndi ofunikira pochita ntchito yomwe ilipo pano ayeneranso kuperekedwa ndi olemba ntchito kwaulere; pokhapokha pa maphunziro omwe cholinga chake ndi kupitiriza mgwirizano wantchito pantchito ina, mayeso omveka bwino amagwira ntchito motsatira lamulo.
Kulakwa kwakukulu: malire osiyana komanso apamwamba
Ndi lingaliro lolakwika lofala kuti pempho lochotsedwa ntchito lokanidwa pa d-ground limapangitsa kuti wantchito alandire malipiro oyenera. Sizili choncho. Malipiro oyenera akachotsedwa ntchito amatheka pokhapokha ngati kuchotsedwa ntchito kokha chifukwa cha zochita kapena zolephera zomwe olemba ntchito amachita, monga momwe zalembedwera mu nkhani 7:671b BW , ndipo malire amenewo ndi okwera kwambiri kuposa kungokhalabe ndi chifukwa chochotsera ntchito chotsimikizika.
Monga momwe nkhani za IBM zikusonyezera, olemba ntchito akhoza kukhala kuti anachita zinthu molakwika poyendetsa njira yolakwika yowongolera popanda kukhala ndi mlandu waukulu. Ziyeneretso zimenezo zimasungidwa m'malamulo makamaka pazochitika zomwe olemba ntchito adasankha kuchotsedwa ntchito mwadala, osapatsa wantchito mwayi weniweni wowongolera, kapena kugwiritsa ntchito njirayo ngati chivundikiro cha kuchoka komwe kudasankhidwa kale.
Zolakwa zambiri
Aliyense amene akumanga fayilo yochotsera ntchito chifukwa chosagwira bwino ntchito ayenera kuzindikira kuti mafayilo ambiri amalephera pazifukwa zochepa zobwerezabwereza: kutsutsa komwe kumakhala kofala kwambiri kuti wantchito achitepo kanthu, dongosolo lowongolera lomwe ndi lachizolowezi m'malo mongoganizira wantchito payekhapayekha, kusowa kwa chenjezo lomveka bwino kuti kulephera kusintha kungakhale ndi zotsatirapo zake, kuwunika koyambirira komwe kumatsutsana ndi kutsutsa komwe kumadza pambuyo pake, ndi kafukufuku wokhudza kusamukira kwa anthu ena komwe kumangokhala kutumiza anthu opanda ntchito popanda chitsogozo chogwira ntchito kapena kafukufuku mkati mwa gululo.
MAFUNSO OFUNSIDWA KAWIRIKAWIRI
Kodi kusiyana pakati pa kuwunika momwe ntchito ikuyendera ndi kuyankhulana kwa akatswiri pa ntchito yowunikira ndi kotani?
Kuwunikanso momwe ntchito ikuyendera ndi kukambirana kwa mbali ziwiri za kupita patsogolo ndi mgwirizano, popanda chigamulo chomaliza chovomerezeka. Kuyankhulana kowunikira kumakhala mbali imodzi ndipo kumabweretsa zigoli kapena chigamulo chokhudza momwe ntchito ikuyendera, zomwe zimakhala ndi zotsatirapo, mwachitsanzo, malipiro kapena kukwezedwa pantchito. Zonsezi ndizofunikira pa fayilo yochotsa ntchito chifukwa chosagwira bwino ntchito, koma zimagwira ntchito yosiyana popanga umboni.
Kodi ndi ndemanga zingati za magwiridwe antchito zomwe zimafunika kuti munthu achotsedwe ntchito chifukwa cha kusachita bwino ntchito?
Kuti pakhale fayilo yonse yochotsera ntchito chifukwa chosagwira bwino ntchito, palibe chiwerengero chochepa cha zokambirana chomwe chikufunika malinga ndi malamulo. Khothi likuyang'ana ngati wantchitoyo anali ndi mwayi weniweni komanso wolondola wosintha, osati kuchuluka kwa zokambirana zomwe adakambirana. Njira imodzi yokonzedwa bwino komanso yokonzedwa bwino ingakhale yokwanira, pomwe kukambirana kosiyanasiyana kosamveka bwino kapena kwapagulu kungakhale kosakwanira.
Kodi olemba ntchito angachotse wantchito popanda njira yowongolera?
Izi n'zovuta, ngakhale sizingathetsedwe kotheratu, ngati zingasonyezedwe kuti wantchitoyo adadziwitsidwa nthawi yoyenera komanso makamaka za zofooka zake ndipo adapatsidwa mwayi weniweni wosintha. Mwachidule, njira yosinthira ndiyo njira yodziwika bwino komanso yotetezeka kwambiri yokwaniritsira zofunikira za nkhani 7:669(3)(d) BW, ndipo kusakhalapo kwake nthawi zambiri kumakhala komwe umboni wa mwayi wosinthawo ukusowa.
Kodi ndemanga za magwiridwe antchito ziyenera kulembedwa?
Pa fayilo yochotsa ntchito chifukwa chosagwira bwino ntchito, lamulo silipereka fomu yokhazikika: momwe olemba ntchito amathandizira ndikulemba kusintha kumadalira momwe zinthu zilili. Komabe, kwenikweni, udindo wopereka umboni wa chifukwa chochotsera ntchito ndi wa olemba ntchito, ndipo popanda malipoti, maimelo kapena kuwunika, nthawi zambiri zimakhala zovuta kukwaniritsa. Chifukwa chake zolemba si lamulo, koma ndizoyenera.
Kodi pali vuto ngati mayeso oyambirira anali abwino?
Inde, ndipo izi zitha kufooketsa kwambiri fayilo yochotsera ntchito. Ngati ndemanga zakale za magwiridwe antchito kapena malipoti apachaka zinali zabwino ndipo kuchotsera ntchito chifukwa chosagwira bwino ntchito kumabwera posachedwa, khothi lidzafunsa chifukwa chake kutsutsako sikunaperekedwe kale. Chifukwa chake, kusagwirizana pakati pa kuwunikira koyambirira ndi maziko ochotsera ntchito pambuyo pake ndikofunikira.
Kodi kuchotsedwa ntchito chifukwa chosagwira bwino ntchito kumabweretsa chipukuta misozi cholungama?
Ayi. Mayeso osiyana ndi apamwamba amagwira ntchito: kuchotsedwa ntchito kuyenera kukhala chifukwa cha zochita kapena zolephera zomwe olemba ntchito adachita. Njira yolakwika kapena yodziwika bwino yowongolera ikhoza kukhala ndi mlandu popanda kukwaniritsa zofunikira zazikuluzo, monga momwe milandu yaposachedwa ya mapulani owongolera odziwika bwino ikusonyezera.
Kodi mukuganiza zochotsa ntchito chifukwa chosagwira bwino ntchito, kapena mukufuna kukhazikitsa kasamalidwe ka ntchito yanu kuti fayilo idzachedwe mtsogolo? Musazengereze kulankhulana ndi kampani yathu. maloya a zamalamulo pantchito at Law & More chifukwa cha kukambirana kopanda kukakamizidwa.
