Nyumba ya banja nthawi zambiri imakhala chinthu chofunika kwambiri pamaganizo ndi pazachuma pa chisudzulo chilichonse. Ndi komwe kukumbukira zinthu kumapangidwira, ana amakulira, ndipo miyoyo imamangidwa pamodzi. Komabe ukwati ukatha, malo okondedwa awa amakhala malo ovuta omenyera milandu okhudzana ndi ufulu wa umwini, ngongole ya ngongole ya nyumba, makonzedwe ogwiritsira ntchito kwakanthawi, kulowererapo kwa khothi, komanso kugulitsa mokakamiza.
Nkhani ya amene amakhala ndi amene amachoka si nkhani yokhudza malingaliro kapena chilungamo chokha—imayendetsedwa ndi ukonde wamakono wa anthu aku Dutch chilamulo Malamulo omwe amalinganiza ufulu wa katundu, zofuna za banja, ndi zachuma. Kwa mabanja ambiri osudzulana, kutsatira malamulo awa kumakhala kovuta. Kwa akatswiri kuwalangiza—oyimira pakati, odziwitsa, alangizi azachuma—kukhala ndi chidziwitso cha momwe nkhani ikuyendera. chilamulo ndi zofunika.
Buku lotsogolera lonseli likukutsogolerani kudzera mu malamulo onse okhudza nyumba ya banja panthawi ya chisudzulo ndi pambuyo pake. Tidzafufuza momwe nyumbayo ilili motsatira malamulo okhudza katundu wa m'banja, ufulu wopitiliza kugwiritsa ntchito kwa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi, njira zokhazikika panthawi ya milandu, njira zogulira nyumba, njira zokakamiza kugulitsa, ngongole ya ngongole ya nyumba, kugawa gawo la equity kapena negative equity, ndi zomwe zachitika posachedwapa pankhani ya milandu. Ganizirani izi monga njira yanu kudzera m'malo ovuta kwambiri osudzulana.
Lamulo la Umwini ndi Katundu wa Banja: Maziko
Musanadziwe amene angakhale m'nyumbamo, choyamba muyenera kumvetsetsa mwini nyumbayo. Malinga ndi malamulo aku Dutch, umwini ndiye umasankha ufulu—koma nthawi zina sizikhala zosavuta.
Mgwirizano wa katundu (gemeenschap van goederen) ndi njira yokhazikika yopezera katundu wa ukwati ku Netherlands. Pokhapokha mutasaina pangano la ukwati, chilichonse chomwe mwapeza panthawi ya ukwati—kuphatikizapo nyumba ya banja—ndi cha onse awiri mofanana, mosasamala kanthu kuti dzina la ndani likupezeka pa chikalatacho. Izi zikutanthauza kuti onse awiri ali ndi ufulu wofanana pa katunduyo komanso ali ndi mphamvu zofanana pa zomwe zimachitika.
Ngati muli ndi mgwirizano wa ukwati (pangano la ukwati lisanathe), umwini umadalira kwathunthu zomwe mgwirizanowo ukunena. Makonzedwe wamba amaphatikizapo kulekanitsa katundu, pomwe mwamuna kapena mkazi aliyense amakhala ndi umwini wa zomwe adagula payekhapayekha, kapena kusintha malo okhala ndi zinthu zinazake.
Mabungwe olembetsedwa amatsatira malamulo ofanana ndi a ukwati, ndipo mgwirizano wa katundu ndi wosakhazikika pokhapokha ngati okwatiranawo achita mgwirizano wonena zosiyana.
Nayi mfundo yofunika kwambiri: ngakhale mnzawo m'modzi yekha ndiye mwiniwake wovomerezeka, sangangokakamiza winayo kuti achoke popanda khoti. Malamulo a mabanja aku Dutch amavomereza kuti nyumba ya banja imatumikira zinthu zofunika kwambiri kuposa ufulu wa katundu—makamaka pamene ana akukhudzidwa. Lamuloli limapereka njira zingapo zotetezera ufulu wa mkazi kapena mwamuna wake wokhala ndi nyumba, kwakanthawi kochepa.
Kapangidwe ka umwini komwe muli nako kadzasintha chisankho chilichonse chokhudza nyumbayo: ndani angapemphe kuti igwiritsidwe ntchito yokha, momwe kuwerengera kugula nyumba kumagwirira ntchito, ndi momwe ndalama zomwe zapezeka kuchokera mu malonda zimagawidwira. Musanachite chilichonse, pezani kopi ya satifiketi yanu yaukwati kapena kulembetsa mgwirizano, mgwirizano uliwonse wa ukwati, ndi chikalata cha katundu kuti mudziwe momwe nyumbayo ilili yeniyeni.
Kugwiritsa Ntchito Kwapadera Kwakanthawi: Nkhani 1:165 ya Dutch Civil Code
Chimodzi mwa njira zofunika kwambiri zotetezera lamulo la chisudzulo ku Netherlands ndi zesmaandenrecht (ufulu wa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi) zomwe zalembedwa mu nkhani 1:165 ya Dutch Civil Code (Burgerlijk Wetboek). Lamuloli limalola mwamuna kapena mkazi wakale kupempha kuti apitirize kugwiritsa ntchito nyumba ya banja kwa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi chisudzulo chitalembetsedwa mwalamulo, mosasamala kanthu za mwini nyumbayo.
Ndani angapemphe? Aliyense amene anali mnzawo wa m'banja akhoza kupereka pempholi kukhothi, kaya ndi mwiniwake, mwiniwake mnzawo, kapena alibe umwini uliwonse. Nthawi ya miyezi isanu ndi umodzi imayamba kuyambira tsiku lomwe chikalata cha chisudzulo chinalembetsedwa mu kaundula wa boma.
Kutsutsa chipukuta misozi chanji? Lamulo limafuna kuti kugwiritsa ntchito nyumbayo kupitiriza kuperekedwe “tegen een redelijke vergoeding” (kuti munthu akhale ndi chipukuta misozi choyenera). Izi zikutanthauza kuti munthu amene akukhala m'nyumbamo ayenera kulipira ndalama zogwiritsira ntchito nyumbayo kwa munthu winayo. Makhothi nthawi zambiri amawerengera izi kutengera kuchuluka kwa mtengo wa lendi ya nyumbayo pamsika, ngakhale kuti angasinthe kutengera yemwe akulipira ngongole ya nyumbayo ndi ndalama zina zonyamulira.
Kodi khoti limaona bwanji zofuna za opikisana? Woweruza ayenera kuchita mayeso olinganiza bwino poganizira zochitika zonse zofunika. Kukhazikika kwa ana ndi kupitiriza kwawo nthawi zambiri ndiye chinthu chofunikira kwambiri. Makhothi amazindikira kuti kusudzulana kumasokoneza kale miyoyo ya ana kwambiri—kuwakakamiza kusamuka nthawi yomweyo kumawonjezera kuvutika maganizo. Ngati kholo limodzi ndiye wosamalira wamkulu ndipo anawo amakhala ndi kholo limenelo nthawi zambiri, makhothi amavomereza kwambiri kuti kholo limenelo lipitirize kugwiritsa ntchito nyumbayo.
Kupezeka kwa nyumba zina n'kofunika kwambiri. Kodi mkazi kapena mwamuna wochokayo angakhale ndi banja lake, kubwereka nyumba yotsika mtengo, kapena kukhala ndi nyumba zina kale? Mphamvu zachuma za onse awiri zimayang'ananso pa kafukufukuyu—makhoti sadzalola kuti nyumbayo igwiritsidwe ntchito yokha ngati izi zingapangitse kuti mkazi kapena mwamuna wotsalayo asakhale ndi ndalama zokwanira.
Ufulu wa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi ndi wakanthawi chabe—wapangidwa kuti upereke mpata wopuma pamene magulu akukonzekera mgwirizano wokhazikika, osati kuti adziwitsetu zotsatira zake.
Njira Zokhazikika Panthawi Yokambirana: Nkhani 822 ya Code of Civil Procedure
Ngakhale kuti milandu yothetsa ukwati ikupitirira—yomwe ingatenge miyezi yambiri—okwatirana nthawi zambiri amafunika kuthetsa nkhani mwachangu pankhani yokhala. Nkhani 822 ya Dutch Code of Civil Procedure (Wetboek van Burgerlijke Rechtsvorordering) imapatsa makhothi mphamvu zoti apereke njira zothanirana ndi mavuto adzidzidzi panthawi ya kusudzulana, kuphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito nyumba ya banja yokha.
Mnzawo aliyense akhoza kupempha kuti pakhale njira yokhazikika ngati gawo la pempho lawo la chisudzulo kapena kudzera mu pempho lina panthawi ya mlanduwo. Makhothi amagwiritsa ntchito njira yofanana yoyesera yowerengera ndalama yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pa nkhani 1:165 ya ufulu wa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi, pofufuza zofuna za ana, njira zina zopezera nyumba, mphamvu zachuma, ndi zochitika zonse zofunika.
Makhothi aku Netherlands akuzindikira kuti zochitika zina zimakhala ndi kufunika kofunikira popanda umboni wokwanira. Mikangano yapakhomo kapena zochitika zosatetezeka zimangoyenerera. Ngati pali umboni wa nkhanza zakuthupi, ziwopsezo, nkhanza zamaganizo, kapena kungokhala ndi nkhawa kwambiri kotero kuti kupitiriza kukhala limodzi kwakhala kosatheka, makhothi amalola kugwiritsa ntchito mwapadera mwachangu.
Njira yokhazikika yololeza kugwiritsa ntchito nyumba mwapadera nthawi zambiri imaphatikizapo kusankha mkazi kapena mwamuna yemwe ayenera kuchoka, tsiku lomaliza lochoka, kudziwa ndalama zogwiritsira ntchito nyumba zomwe mkazi kapena mwamuna wotsalayo ayenera kulipira, komanso kupereka udindo wokonza ndalama zogulira nyumba zomwe zikupitilira. Makonzedwe amenewa sakukhazikitsa zotsatira zake—ndi akanthawi kochepa. Komabe, m'machitidwe ake, mkazi kapena mwamuna yemwe wapatsidwa ntchito mwapadera nthawi zambiri amasunga udindowo mpaka kumapeto kwa mgwirizano, makamaka pamene ana akukhudzidwa ndipo bata lakhazikika.
Kugula: Pamene Mnzanu Mmodzi Atenga Nyumba
Kawirikawiri njira yabwino kwambiri ndi yakuti mwamuna kapena mkazi wakale agule gawo la mnzake, zomwe zimathandiza kuti wina asunge nyumbayo pomwe winayo akulandira gawo lake la ndalama. Ngakhale kuti ndi zophweka, kugula kumafuna njira zingapo zovuta.
Kuwerengera mtengo wa nyumbayo kumayamba. Magulu onse awiri ayenera kugwirizana pa mtengo wa nyumbayo womwe uli pamsika, makamaka kudzera mu kuwerengera kwa akatswiri (taxatierapport) kuchokera kwa wowerengera mtengo wa nyumba wovomerezeka. Mtengo woyesedwa kuchoka pa ngongole ya nyumba yomwe yatsala ndi wofanana ndi gawo lomwe liyenera kugawidwa.
Kusamutsa ngongole ya nyumba kumabweretsa vuto lalikulu kwambiri. Wogulayo ayenera kukhala woyenera kulandira ngongole ya nyumba m'dzina lake lokha kuti athe kulipira ngongole ya nyumba yogwirizana yomwe ilipo ndikulipira wogulitsayo gawo lake la equity. Kumasulidwa ku ngongole yogwirizana ndi mgwirizano ndikofunikira kwa mkazi wochoka—mpaka wobwereketsayo atapereka mwalamulo, onse awiri omwe kale anali okwatirana amakhalabe ndi mlandu wokhudzana ndi ngongole yonse ya nyumba.
Akangolandira chilolezo cha ngongole ya nyumba, onse awiri amalemba chikalata chosinthira (leveringsakte) pamaso pa notary wa malamulo aboma, kusamutsa umwini kuchokera kwa okwatirana onse awiri kupita kwa wogula yekha ndikulemba mu kaundula wa malo aboma (Kadaster).
Ngati wogulayo sakuyenerera kulandira ngongole ya nyumba yokha—yomwe imachitika pambuyo pa chisudzulo, pomwe ndalama imodzi tsopano iyenera kulipira ndalama zomwe kale zinkathandizidwa ndi awiri—njira zina zomwe zingachitike ndi monga ngongole za mabanja, wobwereka naye limodzi, kapena wogula mochedwa. Milandu yaposachedwa ikugogomezera kuti makhothi sadzalamula kuti munthu agule nyumba ngati sizingatheke.
Kugulitsa Mokakamiza ndi Chilolezo cha Khothi: Nkhani 3:174 ndi 3:178 za Dutch Civil Code
Ngati kugula sikungatheke kapena mwamuna kapena mkazi m'modzi akana kugwirizana ndi kugulitsa, lamulo la ku Netherlands limapereka njira zomveka bwino zokakamiza kuti ntchitoyi ipitirire patsogolo. Nkhani 3:178 BW imatsimikiza kuti mwiniwake aliyense nthawi iliyonse angathe kupempha kugawidwa kwa katundu wogwirizana, pomwe nkhani 3:174 BW imapatsa makhothi chilolezo (machtiging) chogulitsa ngati mwiniwake m'modzi akana kugwirizana.
Ma Dwangsommen (malipiro a chilango) nthawi zambiri amapemphedwa pamodzi ndi chilolezocho. Makhothi amatha kulamula kuti ngati mwamuna kapena mkazi wosagwirizana naye akupitiriza kukana kugwirizana, ayenera kulipira chilango cha ndalama pa tsiku lililonse kapena sabata iliyonse yopitiriza kuletsa ukwati.
Mwamphamvu kwambiri, motsatira nkhani 3:300 BW, makhothi akhoza kupereka vonnis in de plaats van handtekening—chigamulo chomwe chimalowa m'malo mwa siginecha ya munthu wokana pa zikalata zofunika. Izi zikutanthauza kuti mwamuna kapena mkazi wogwirizana naye akhoza kupitiriza kusankha wothandizira kugulitsa nyumba, kulandira zopereka, ndi kusamutsa umwini kwa wogula popanda chilolezo chenicheni cha winayo.
Milandu yaposachedwa ikuwonetsa kuti makhothi akufunitsitsa kwambiri kuvomereza zopemphazi. Oweruza akuzindikira kuti kulola gulu limodzi kuletsa kugulitsa kwamuyaya kumabweretsa vuto losatheka, makamaka pamene malipiro a ngongole ya nyumba akupitirira kusonkhana. Makhothi amaona kukana kwa nthawi yayitali kugwirizana, popanda zifukwa zomveka, ngati kuphwanya ufulu (kuphwanya ufulu).
Kulipira ndalama zothandizira anthu ena (zowonongera) kungapemphedwenso chifukwa choletsa dala. Makhothi apereka chipukuta misozi chachikulu pamilandu yokhudza kusagwirizana kwa nthawi yayitali komanso kopanda chifukwa.
Ngongole: Udindo Wogawana Mpaka Kusamutsidwa
Limodzi mwa malingaliro olakwika kwambiri pankhani ya kusudzulana ndi kuganiza kuti kusamuka kwanu m'nyumba ya banja kumathetsa udindo wanu walamulo pankhani imeneyi. Onse awiri amakhala ndi udindo pa ngongole yonse ya nyumba mpaka ngongoleyo itasamutsidwira ku dzina la munthu mmodzi kapena kubwezeredwa kwathunthu.
Ngongole zophatikizana ndi zingapo zimatanthauza kuti banki ikhoza kufunafuna wobwereka aliyense pa ndalama zonse zomwe zatsala—osati theka lokha. Ngati mnzanu wakale wasiya kulipira mutachoka, wobwereketsa ngongole ya nyumba angakutsatireni pa ndalama zonse zomwe simunalipire, ndalama zochedwa, komanso ndalama zomwe zingawonongedwe. Mgwirizano wanu wosakhazikika wokhudza amene amasamalira malipiro sukhudza banki.
Kufunika kothetsa vuto la ngongole ya nyumba mwamsanga sikunganyalanyazidwe. Mwezi uliwonse womwe umadutsa ndi ngongole yogwirizana ikupitirirabe kugwira ntchito, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti pali chiopsezo cha zachuma chomwe chikupitirirabe. Mayankho abwino ndi kugula kwathunthu ngongole ya nyumba m'dzina limodzi ndikumasula mnzanu wina, kapena kugulitsa katunduyo ndi kubweza ngongole yonse.
Ngati palibe chomwe chingatheke nthawi yomweyo, lembani zonse m'kalata, limbikirani kulandira umboni mwezi uliwonse wosonyeza kuti ndalama zikulipidwa, ndipo yang'anirani lipoti lanu la ngongole nthawi zonse kuti mupeze vuto lililonse msanga.
Kugawa Equity kapena Negative Equity
Nyumba ikagulitsidwa kapena wina agula wina, zotsatira zake zachuma ziyenera kugawidwa. Lamulo losasinthika ndi 50/50 division—mkazi aliyense wakale amalandira theka la ndalama zonse zomwe amapeza akamaliza kulipira ngongole ya nyumba ndikuphimba ndalama zogulitsira. Mofananamo, ngati pali negative equity (restschuld), aliyense amakhala ndi theka la ngongoleyo.
Makhothi amasiyana ndi kugawa kofanana pokhapokha ngati kuvomereza ndi chilungamo kukufuna, zomwe zimafuna zochitika zapadera. Makhothi avomereza kuti nkhanza zapakhomo ndi zoopsa zomwe zimayambitsa kusokoneza kwambiri ndalama za m'modzi mwa okwatirana; zopereka zosalingana kuchokera ku katundu wosiyana wosakhala wa m'banja; kuchedwa kwa nthawi yayitali komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha kutsekeka kwa m'modzi mwa okwatirana pomwe mtengo wa katundu unatsika; ndipo palibe mphamvu yachuma kwa m'modzi mwa okwatirana pomwe winayo ali ndi ndalama zambiri.
Mlandu waukulu wa 2025 ukuwonetsa izi: khothi linachepetsa kwambiri gawo la mwamuna kapena mkazi m'modzi la ndalama zosakwanira kutengera zomwe zapezeka pa nkhanza zapakhomo, PTSS, kuchepa kwa mphamvu yogwira ntchito, komanso kuchedwa kwa nthawi yayitali pakati pa kusudzulana ndi kugulitsa. Komabe, zolakwika zotere zikadali zapadera—makhothi amafuna umboni wokwanira komanso mfundo zamphamvu zalamulo.
Zotukuka Zaposachedwa Zazamalamulo
Malamulo a mabanja aku Dutch amasintha nthawi zonse kudzera mu zigamulo za khoti. Zochitika zingapo zodziwika bwino zawonekera posachedwapa.
Makhothi akufunitsitsa kupereka zilolezo zokakamiza kugulitsa mwachangu ngati pali kuletsa, kutenga mbali yolimba motsutsana ndi okwatirana omwe amaletsa kugulitsa popanda chifukwa chomveka. Pamene gulu lina likupempha kuyimitsidwa kwa lamulo lokakamiza kugulitsa panthawi ya apilo, makhothi tsopano nthawi zambiri amaika malamulo kuphatikizapo kulipira ndalama zogulira mtengo wamsika, zomwe zimalepheretsa gulu lopempha kugulitsa kuti lisangalale ndi nyumba yaulere pamene likuchedwetsa milandu.
Malipiro a ndalama zowonongera chifukwa chosagwirizana mwadala akuchulukirachulukira. Chigamulo cha 2025 chomwe chinaperekedwa choposa €77,000 chifukwa chosokoneza kugulitsa mwadala ndi kuswa mgwirizano wothetsera mavuto—zikusonyeza kuti kusagwirizana kumabweretsa zotsatira zenizeni zachuma. Nthawi yomweyo, makhothi akukakamiza zofunikira pa ndondomeko, ndipo kusatsatira malamulo kukupangitsa kuti apilo achotsedwe.
At Law & More, timayang'anira zochitika izi nthawi zonse kuti tiwonetsetse kuti makasitomala athu akupindula ndi njira zamakono zamalamulo.
Mafunso Ofunsidwa Kawirikawiri
Kodi mwamuna kapena mkazi angangokakamiza winayo kuti achoke, ngakhale munthuyo ali mwiniwake mnzake?
Ayi, ayi ndithu. Ngakhale mwamuna kapena mkazi mmodzi yekha ndiye mwini nyumbayo mwalamulo, sangamuumirize winayo kuti achoke popanda chilolezo cha khoti. Malamulo a mabanja aku Dutch amavomereza kuti nyumba ya banja imatumikira zinthu zofunika kwambiri kuposa kukhala ndi katundu wokha. Ngati onse awiri ali eni nyumba limodzi—monga momwe nthawi zambiri amakhalira pansi pa mgwirizano wa katundu—palibe amene angachotse winayo popanda njira yalamulo. Kungosintha maloko kapena kuchotsa katundu kungakhale chinthu chosaloledwa (onrechtmatige daad) chomwe chingakubweretsereni mavuto alamulo kuphatikizapo kuwonongeka ndi kubwezeretsedwanso m'nyumba mwanu mokakamizidwa. Ngakhale pakakhala mikangano yayikulu, njira yoyenera yalamulo iyenera kutsatiridwa.
Kodi ndalama zolipirira miyezi isanu ndi umodzi zomwe zili mu nkhani 1:165 BW ndi ziti, ndipo mumapempha bwanji?
Nkhani 1:165 BW imapatsa mkazi kapena mwamuna wakale ufulu wopempha kuti nyumba ya banjali ipitirire kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi pambuyo polembetsa kusudzulana, mosasamala kanthu za umwini wake. Ngakhale mkazi kapena mwamuna yemwe si mwini nyumbayo angapemphe kuti akhale m'nyumba yomwe inali ya mwamuna kapena mkazi wake wakale mwalamulo. Mukupempha ufuluwu mwa kupereka pempho (verzoekschrift) kukhoti la chigawo, kufotokoza chifukwa chake mukufunikira kugwiritsa ntchito kupitiriza—zinthu monga kusamalira ana, kusowa nyumba ina, kapena momwe ntchito ikuyendera. Ngati mwavomereza, muyenera kulipira ndalama zoyenera zogwiritsira ntchito kwa mkazi kapena mwamuna wanu wakale, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimawerengedwa ngati peresenti ya mtengo wa lendi pamsika. Kuwonjezeka kwa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi ndikotheka koma ndi kosowa, kumafuna zifukwa zapadera.
Ndi zinthu ziti zomwe khoti limaganizira posankha kugwiritsa ntchito nyumbayo yokha?
Makhothi amachita kafukufuku wokwanira wolinganiza zinthu. Zofuna za ana zimakhala ndi udindo waukulu—makhothi amafufuza kholo lomwe ndi losamalira ana, komwe masukulu a ana ndi malo ochezera a pa Intaneti ali, komanso kuchuluka kwa kusokonezeka komwe kusamuka kungabweretse. Kupezeka kwa nyumba zina kumafufuzidwa bwino, komanso kuthekera kwa mabanja onse awiri kupitiliza mgwirizanowu. Mavuto azachipatala, nkhawa zachitetezo, komanso mikangano yapakhomo yomwe ikupitilira nazonso zimakhudza. Funso lalikulu la khothi ndi lakuti: malinga ndi zochitika zonse, ndi dongosolo liti lomwe limalinganiza bwino zofuna za magulu onse awiri pomwe limateteza ana omwe akukhudzidwa?
Kodi chimachitika ndi chiyani ndi ngongole ya nyumba ngati mnzawo m'modzi wachoka koma ngongole ya nyumbayo ikadali m'maina onse awiri?
Magulu onse awiri amakhala ndi udindo wonse komanso wogwirizana pa ngongole yonse ya nyumba mpaka wobwereketsa atatulutsidwa mwalamulo. Ngongole yogwirizana ndi zingapo zimatanthauza kuti wobwereketsa akhoza kufunafuna wobwereketsa aliyense chifukwa cha 100% ya malipiro omwe sanalipidwe—osati theka lawo lokha. Mgwirizano wanu wosakhazikika ndi wakale wanu wokhudza yemwe amasamalira malipiro sukhudza malamulo a banki. Ngati wakale wanu wasiya kulipira, mbiri yanu ya ngongole idzawonongedwa pamodzi ndi yake. Yang'anirani lipoti lanu la ngongole nthawi zonse ndikuchitapo kanthu nthawi yomweyo ngati mwapeza malipiro omwe sanalipidwe.
Kodi njira yogulira katundu imagwira ntchito bwanji, ndipo banki iyenera kuvomereza liti?
Kugula nyumba kumayamba ndi kuwerengera mtengo wa nyumba, kutsatiridwa ndi kuwerengera equity pochotsa ngongole ya nyumba yomwe yatsala pamtengo wake wapano. Wogulayo ayenera kukonza ndalama zolipirira ngongole ya nyumbayo komanso mwina kubwezeretsanso ngongoleyo m'dzina lake lokha—apa ndi pomwe kuvomerezedwa ndi banki kumakhala kofunikira. Wobwereketsa amawunika ngati wogulayo yekha ali ndi ndalama zokwanira komanso kuyenerera ngongole kuti agwire ngongoleyo payekha. Ngati yavomerezedwa, banki imamasula wogulitsayo ku udindo wonse. Okwatirana onse awiri kenako amalemba chikalata chovomerezeka chosinthira katundu pamaso pa notary wa milandu ya boma, ndipo malondawo adalembetsedwa mu Kadaster. Nthawi zambiri njirayi imatenga milungu 8-12 kuchokera pa mgwirizano woyamba mpaka kusamutsa kwathunthu.
Kodi ndingatani ngati wakale wanga akana kugwirizana ndi kugulitsa?
Muli ndi njira zingapo zovomerezeka zovomerezeka. Lembani bwino kukana kwanu, kenako perekani pempho ku khothi lachigawo lopempha chilolezo chogulitsa (chilolezo chogulitsa) motsatira nkhani 3:174 BW kapena lamulo lokakamiza logawa pansi pa nkhani 3:178 BW. Pemphani kuti khothi likulolezeni kupitiriza popanda chilolezo cha wakale wanu, kuyika ma dwangsommen omwe amasonkhana tsiku ndi tsiku ngati kuletsa kukupitirira, ndikupereka vonnis in de plaats van handtekening kotero chigamulocho chimalowa m'malo mwa siginecha yawo pa zikalata zonse zofunika. Makhothi amavomereza kwambiri zopemphazi pamene kuletsa kulibe chifukwa chovomerezeka.
Kodi ndingathe kupempha ndalama ngati wakale wanga wawononga mwadala malondawo?
Inde, koma muyenera kukwaniritsa zofunikira zalamulo. Kuwonongeka kungatheke malinga ndi nkhani 6:162 BW ngati kukana kwa wakale wanu kulibe chifukwa chomveka bwino ndipo kukubweretserani mavuto azachuma—monga kusonkhanitsa chiwongola dzanja cha ngongole ya nyumba, zilango za obwereketsa, kapena kutayika kwa mwayi wogulitsa konkriti. Makhothi amafufuza mosamala madandaulo awa; muyenera kutsimikizira chinthu chilichonse chowonongeka ndi zikalata zotsimikizika. Madandaulo osamveka bwino opanda umboni weniweni nthawi zambiri amalephera. Milandu yaposachedwa yapereka kuwonongeka kwakukulu pamilandu yotsimikizika yoletsa mwadala.
Kodi chilungamo chimagawidwa bwanji, ndipo kodi khoti limasiyana liti ndi lamulo la 50/50?
Lamulo losasinthika ndi kugawa kofanana—mkazi aliyense wakale amalandira 50% ya ndalama zonse akabweza ngongole ya nyumba ndi ndalama zogulitsira. Makhothi amasiyana pokhapokha ngati kulingalira bwino ndi chilungamo kukufuna, zomwe zimafuna zinthu zapadera zothandizidwa ndi umboni womveka bwino. Zifukwa zovomerezeka zikuphatikizapo nkhanza zapakhomo zomwe zimasokoneza mphamvu zachuma za mnzawo m'modzi, zopereka zosalingana kuchokera ku katundu wosiyana, kuchedwa komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha kulephereka komwe mtengo wake unatsika, komanso kusiyana kwakukulu kwachuma pakati pa magulu awiriwa. Kungoganiza kuti kugawa kofanana sikuli koyenera sikokwanira—udindo wotsimikizira uli ndi mnzawoyo amene akupempha kugawa kosiyana.
Kodi zotsatira za kusagawana ndalama ndi chiyani ngati mnzawo m'modzi sangathe kupereka ndalama?
Nyumba ikagulitsidwa pamtengo wotsika kuposa ngongole ya nyumba yomwe yatsala, okwatirana onse awiri omwe kale anali ndi ngongoleyi mofanana. Ngati mbali imodzi singathe kulipira gawo lawo, nkhani 6:13 BW imalola kuti ndalama zomwe sizinalipidwe zisunthidwe kwa wobwereketsa winayo—kutanthauza kuti wobwereketsayo akhoza kukhala ndi udindo pa ndalama zonse zomwe zatsala, ndi ufulu wongoganizira wokha wobwezera wobwereketsayo. Makhothi amatha kupewa kugawana mofanana pamilandu yovuta kwambiri, makamaka pamene vuto la zachuma la m'modzi mwa okwatirana lalembedwa bwino ndipo kugawana kofanana kungapangitse zotsatira zosamveka bwino.
Kodi kukhala ndi ana aang'ono kumakhudza anthu omwe akuyenera kukhala m'nyumba?
Kupezeka kwa ana kumakhala ndi udindo waukulu—nthawi zambiri chinthu chofunikira kwambiri. Makhothi nthawi zonse amasonyeza kuti kholo lomwe ndi losamalira ana komanso lomwe ana amakhala nalo nthawi zambiri limakhala ndi mwayi waukulu wopatsidwa mwayi wopitiliza kugwiritsa ntchito nyumba ya banja, ngakhale popanda umwini wovomerezeka. Makhothi amaona kuti kufunikira kwa ana kukhala kosalekeza komanso kukhazikika—pafupi ndi sukulu, machitidwe okhazikika, malo odziwika bwino—ndiko kuti kumaposa ufulu wokhala ndi katundu posachedwa. Komabe, zofuna za ana sizimaposa zonse zina. Khothi lomwe likunena kuti likufuna nyumbayo chifukwa cha ana liyenera kusonyeza kuti lingakwanitse ndalama zomwe zikupitirira.
Muyenera Kudziwa
Funso loti ndani azikhala m'nyumba ya banja pambuyo pa chisudzulo silinayankhidwe ndi aliyense—zotsatira zake nthawi zonse zimakhala maatwerk, zomwe zimakonzedwa mwamakonda malinga ndi momwe zinthu zilili. Makhothi amayesa njira zoyendetsera umwini motsutsana ndi zofuna za banja, zenizeni zachuma motsutsana ndi zosowa za ana, ndi ufulu walamulo motsutsana ndi kuthekera kochita zinthu.
Mfundo zazikulu zingapo zimabuka: umwini ndi wofunika koma siwokhawo womwe umasankha amene amakhala; zofuna za ana zimakhala ndi udindo waukulu pa zisankho za khoti; mbali zonse ziwiri zimakhala ndi udindo wonse pa ngongole ya nyumba mpaka itatulutsidwa mwalamulo; mayankho akanthawi amapereka mpata wopuma koma sathetsa umwini wonse; makhothi adzakakamiza kugulitsa pamene mgwirizano walephera; ndipo kugawa mofanana ndiye poyambira koma makhothi amatha kusokoneza pazifukwa zomveka.
Malangizo a zamalamulo akangoyamba kumene amathandiza kwambiri. Zosankha zomwe mumapanga m'masabata oyamba mutapatukana zingakhale ndi zotsatirapo zokhalitsa pa ufulu wanu komanso momwe mumakhalira pazachuma.
At Law & More, timatsogolera makasitomala athu pazochitika zenizenizi tsiku ndi tsiku. Gulu lathu la zamalamulo a mabanja limamvetsetsa zovuta zalamulo komanso momwe anthu amaonera chisudzulo. Mukukumana ndi mafunso okhudza nyumba yanu yabanja komanso chisudzulo? Lumikizanani nafe Law & More kuti tikambirane mwachinsinsi. Maofesi athu ku Eindhoven ndi Amsterdam Tikutumikira makasitomala ku Netherlands konse, ndi gulu lathu la zilankhulo zosiyanasiyana kuonetsetsa kuti mutha kukambirana za vuto lanu m'chilankhulo chomwe chimakusangalatsani.
