Kusudzulana ku Netherlands: momwe njirayi imagwirira ntchito komanso mtengo wake

Kuti ukwati uthe ku Netherlands, mufunika chigamulo cha khothi: loya apereka pempho, khothi limalola chisudzulo ndipo chigamulocho chimalembetsedwa ndi boma. Simuyenera kutsimikizira kuti ndinu wolakwa ndipo simuyenera kukhala padera kaye; chinthu chimodzi chokha chomwe chingachitike kukhothi ndi mgwirizano wolembetsedwa wopanda ana aang'ono, womwe ungathetsedwe mwa mgwirizano.

Pakati pa mfundo imeneyi pali zinthu zofunika kwambiri: ana, nyumba ya banja, penshoni, kusamalira ndi kugawa katundu. Malamulo omwe amagwira ntchito amadalira dziko lanu, malo omwe mumakhala nthawi zonse, tsiku la ukwati ndi dongosolo la katundu wanu wa ukwati. Bukuli likufotokoza za dongosolo, njira kuyambira kulembetsa mpaka kulembetsa, ndi mfundo zina zowonjezera kwa okwatirana omwe si a ku Dutch.

Kodi mungasudzulane pazifukwa ziti malinga ndi lamulo la ku Netherlands?

Pali chifukwa chimodzi chokha: kusweka kosatha kwa ukwati ( duurzame ontwrichting ). Simuyenera kusonyeza kuti mnzanu ndiye amene ali ndi mlandu.

Nkhani 1:151 ya Dutch Civil Code imafotokoza izi ngati mkhalidwe womwe ukwati wasokonekera kwambiri kotero kuti kupitiriza kukhala limodzi sikungathekenso kuyembekezera. Netherlands ili ndi njira yopanda cholakwika. Chigololo, kusayendetsa bwino ndalama kapena khalidwe lovuta siziyenera kukhazikitsidwa kuti zithetsedwe. Khalidwe panthawi ya ukwati lingakhale lofunikabe pazinthu zomwe zasankhidwa pamodzi, monga kusamalira, kukonzekera ana, kugawa katundu ndi mafunso a umboni.

Mwachidule, malire ake amakhala ochepa. Ngati m'modzi mwa okwatirana anena kuti ukwati watha, khoti silimafuna umboni wa chochitika china chake, kotero m'modzi mwa okwatirana omwe sakufuna kusudzulana nthawi zambiri sangaletse kusudzulana. Chomwe m'modzi mwa okwatirana omwe sakufuna kusudzulana angachite ndikutsutsa zotsatira zake, zomwe zimapangitsa kusudzulana kukhala kwa nthawi yayitali komanso kokwera mtengo m'malo mochita zosatheka.

Ndani angapemphe chisudzulo ku Netherlands?

Mungathe kusuma mlandu wanu pano ngati khoti la ku Netherlands lili ndi ulamuliro pansi pa malamulo aku Europe, omwe nthawi zambiri amakhala kuchokera komwe inu kapena mnzanu mumakhala. Kukhala ndi dziko limodzi kungakhale kokwanira, ngakhale kuti nonsenu simukukhala ku Netherlands.

Ulamuliro wa dziko umayang'aniridwa ndi Regulation (EU) 2019/1111, yomwe imadziwika kuti Brussels II-ter, yomwe idalowa m'malo mwa Brussels II-bis pa 1 Ogasiti 2022. Nkhani 3 ikupereka zifukwa zina. Makhothi aku Dutch ali ndi ulamuliro, pakati pa zochitika zina, pamene:

• Okwatirana onse nthawi zambiri amakhala ku Netherlands;
• Okwatiranawo anakhala limodzi komaliza kuno ndipo mmodzi wa iwo akadalipo;
• woyankhayo amakhala kuno;
• wopemphayo wakhala kuno kwa chaka chimodzi asanapereke chikalata;
• Wopemphayo wokhala ndi nzika yaku Dutch wakhala kuno kwa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi asanapereke fomu; kapena
• Okwatirana onse awiri ali ndi dziko la Dutch.

Malo omwe mudakwatirana si malo okha oti mulamulire. Ukwati womwe wachitika kunja kwa dziko ukhoza kuthetsedwa ndi khoti la ku Netherlands. Kumene palibe dziko lomwe lili ndi ulamuliro motsatira Lamuloli, malamulo otsala a Dutch ndi omwe amatsimikiza ngati khoti la ku Netherlands lingamvere mlanduwu.

Kodi khoti la ku Netherlands limagwiritsa ntchito lamulo liti pa nkhani ya chisudzulo?

Ulamuliro ndi lamulo logwira ntchito ndi nkhani zosiyana. Dziko la Netherlands silitenga nawo mbali mu lamulo la Rome III, kotero lamulo logwira ntchito pa chisudzulo likutsatira lamulo la Dutch private international: Article 10:56 of the Dutch Civil Code.

Malinga ndi Nkhani 10:56, ngati chisudzulo chingaloledwe ndipo pazifukwa ziti, monga lamulo, chimasankhidwa ndi lamulo la ku Netherlands. Khothi limagwiritsa ntchito lamulo la dziko lachilendo logawana m'malo mwake pokhapokha ngati okwatiranawo asankha lamulolo pamodzi pamilandu, ngati m'modzi mwa okwatiranawo asankha ndipo winayo sakutsutsa, kapena ngati m'modzi mwa okwatiranawo asankha ndipo onse awiri ali ndi ubale weniweni ndi dzikolo. Chisankho choterocho chiyenera kukhala chomveka bwino kapena chomveka bwino kuchokera pa pempho kapena mawu odziteteza. Nthawi zambiri, khothi la ku Netherlands limagwiritsa ntchito lamulo la chisudzulo la ku Netherlands kwa okwatirana omwe amakhala kuno, kaya ndi a dziko liti.

Lamulo logwira ntchito pa katundu wa m'banja, penshoni ndi kusamalira limatsimikiziridwa ndi zida zina ndipo lingakhale lamulo la dziko lina. Chifukwa chake, zotsatira za ndalamazo zitha kusiyana ndi zotsatira za chisudzulo chenicheni. Tafotokoza zovuta za mlandu wodutsa malire m'nkhani yathu yokhudza chisudzulo chapadziko lonse ku Netherlands.

Kodi muyenera kulembetsa pempho logwirizana kapena la munthu mmodzi?

Ngati inu ndi mnzanu mukugwirizana pa chilichonse, pempho logwirizana nthawi zambiri limakhala lachangu komanso lotsika mtengo. Ngati simukugwirizana, mmodzi wa inu apereka fomu yekha ndipo khoti lidzasankha zomwe zikukambidwa.

Mu pempho logwirizana, mumafika pa mgwirizano limodzi, kaya kudzera mwa loya mmodzi amene akuyimira nonse awiri kapena kudzera mwa mkhalapakati wa chisudzulo. Kenako mumapereka pempho limodzi pamodzi ndi mgwirizano wosainidwa. Kuyimira pakati ndi njira yokambirana, osati njira yolowera m'malo mwa njira: chilichonse chomwe mukuvomerezana chiyenera kuunikidwanso mwalamulo musanasainire, ndipo pempholo lokha liyenera kuperekedwa nthawi zonse ndi woimira. Chifukwa palibe chomwe chikutsutsidwa, nthawi zambiri sipamakhala kumvetsera ndipo khothi limasankha pa mapepalawo.

Mu pempho la munthu mmodzi, mwamuna kapena mkazi amatumiza ndipo winayo amaperekedwa mwalamulo. Woyankhayo angavomereze pempholo, ndipo nkhaniyo ikhoza kuthetsedwa mwachangu. Kapenanso, woyankhayo amatumiza chikalata chodziteteza ndipo, motsatira malamulo a kachitidwe, amatumiza mapempho otsutsana ndi kusamalira, ana kapena kugawa katundu. Khothi lidzakonza nthawi yoti mlandu uchitike. Ngati pakufunika kukonzekera pamene milandu ikuchitika, mutha kupempha njira zogwiritsira ntchito nyumbayo, kusamalira kwakanthawi komanso komwe anawo azikhala.

Kodi njira yosudzulana imagwira ntchito bwanji, pang'onopang'ono?

Ndondomekoyi imayambira pa kukambirana koyamba, kudzera mu pempholo ndi (ngati pakufunika) kumvetsera, mpaka chigamulo cha khothi ndi kulembetsa ndi boma. Ukwati umatha pokhapokha mutalembetsa.

Gawo 1: uphungu ndi kukonzekera

Gawo loyamba ndi kukumana ndi loya wosudzulana , yemwe amawunika ulamuliro ndi malamulo oyenera ndikukupatsani malangizo a njira yoyenera kutsatira. Bweretsani chizindikiritso, satifiketi yaukwati, zikalata zobadwa za ana aliwonse, zikalata zaposachedwa za ndalama, chidule cha katundu ndi ngongole, ndi zinthu zilizonse zomwe mungachite musanakwatirane. Pachifukwa chimenecho mutha kusankha pakati pa pempho logwirizana ndi la munthu mmodzi.

Gawo 2: kupereka pempho

Loya ndiye amalemba pempholi. Mu ndondomeko yogwirizana, mgwirizano wogwirizana ndi dongosolo la kulera ana zimaphatikizidwa. Pempholi limaperekedwa ku khoti la chigawo cha komwe wopemphayo amakhala; dziko la Netherlands lili ndi makhoti khumi ndi limodzi a chigawo. Ndalama za khoti ( griffierecht ) zimakhazikitsidwa ndi boma ndipo zimalembedwa chaka chilichonse, ndi chiwongola dzanja chotsika kwa anthu omwe ali ndi ndalama zochepa.

Gawo 3: chitetezo, ana ndi kumva

Pa mlandu umodzi, woyankha nthawi zambiri amapatsidwa milungu isanu ndi umodzi kuti apereke chitetezo. Ngati pali ana aang'ono, khoti limafufuza dongosolo la makolo ndipo likhoza kukhudza Bungwe Loona za Child Care and Protection Board ( Raad voor de Kinderbescherming ). Kumva mlandu kumatsatira ngati khoti likuona kuti ndi kofunikira.

Makhothi amaitana ana azaka zisanu ndi zitatu kapena kuposerapo kudzera m'kalata kuti akakambirane ndi woweruza milandu ( kindgesprek ). Pa milandu yokhudza kusamalira ana, pempholi limapita kwa ana azaka khumi ndi zisanu ndi chimodzi kapena kuposerapo. Ana aang'ono angamvedwe malinga ndi momwe khothi likufunira. Khothi limapereka chigamulo chake, kuthetsa ukwatiwo ndikugamula pa zotsatira zilizonse zomwe zikukambidwabe.

Gawo 4: nthawi yopempha apilo ndi kulembetsa

Chigamulocho sichinathetse ukwatiwo. Okwatirana onse awiri ali ndi miyezi itatu yoti apilo. Chisudzulocho chimayamba kugwira ntchito pokhapokha chigamulocho chitalembedwa mu kaundula wa maukwati a boma. Nkhani 1:163 ya Dutch Civil Code imafuna kuti kulembetsa kuchitike mkati mwa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi kuchokera pamene chisankhocho chikhala chomaliza, osati miyezi isanu ndi umodzi kuyambira tsiku lomwe chinaperekedwa. Ngati nthawi imeneyo ikadutsa osagwiritsidwa ntchito, chisankhocho chimataya mphamvu zake, ndipo kwenikweni chisudzulocho chiyenera kupemphedwanso.

Ngati nonse awiri muvomerezana, mutha kusaina chikalata chovomereza ( akte van berusting ) kuti musiye ufulu wopempha apilo. Kulembetsa kumatha kuchitika nthawi yomweyo. Deta ya zolemba zaumwini imasinthidwa chifukwa cha kulembetsa, koma ndi zomwe zalembedwa mu kaundula wa ukwati zomwe zimakhala zofunika kwambiri.

Ndi zikalata ziti zomwe mukufuna?

Kaya mupita panjira iti, pempholi likufunika zikalata zokhazikika. Zisonkhanitseni msanga: chidutswa chomwe chikusowa chingathe kusunga fayilo kwa milungu ingapo.

• Chidutswa choyambirira kuchokera ku kaundula wa ukwati, choperekedwa ndi boma komwe mudakwatirana
• Chidutswa kuchokera ku database ya zolemba zaumwini (anthu olembetsa) kwa aliyense wa inu
• Makopi a satifiketi yobadwa ya ana osakwana zaka 18
• Chidule cha katundu, ngongole ndi penshoni zomwe zinasonkhanitsidwa panthawi ya ukwati
• Pangano la ukwati kapena mgwirizano, ngati munapanga limodzi

Kodi ndi chiyani chomwe chikuphatikizidwa mu mgwirizano wokhazikika ndi dongosolo la kulera ana?

Pangano lokhazikitsa mgwirizano limalemba makonzedwe azachuma; dongosolo lolera ana limalemba makonzedwe a ana. Dongosolo lolera ana lokha ndilofunika, ndipo pokhapokha ngati muli ndi ana aang'ono omwe ali pansi pa ulamuliro wa onse.

Pangano lothetsera mavuto ( echtscheidingsconvenant ) limafotokoza momwe katundu ndi ngongole zimagawidwira, kaya kusamalira banja kumalipidwa, zomwe zimachitika ku nyumba ndi ngongole ya nyumba, komanso momwe ufulu wa penshoni umagwiritsidwira ntchito. Popanda imodzi, khothi limasankha mfundo zotseguka ndipo nonse mumakhalabe ndi mikangano patatha zaka zambiri. Malamulo omwe khothi limaphatikiza mu chigamulo chake amakhala ofunikira ngati chigamulo cha khothi; mawu omwe ali kunja kwake amakumangani ngati pangano.

Malinga ndi Nkhani 815 ya Dutch Code of Civil Procedure (Rv), dongosolo la makolo limafotokoza komwe mwana aliyense azikhala, momwe chisamaliro ndi kulumikizana zimagawidwira, momwe mumalumikizirana ndikudziwitsana, komanso momwe ndalama za ana zimakwaniritsidwira. Pempho lopanda dongosolo la makolo liyenera kufotokoza chifukwa chake mgwirizano sunatheke. Mwachizolowezi, makhothi nthawi zambiri amapempha makolo kuti amalize dongosololi, kapena kukhudza Bungwe Loona za Child Care and Protection Board, kuposa kunena kuti pempholo silingavomerezedwe.

Kusudzulana kokha sikusintha ulamuliro wa makolo: makolo onse awiri amasunga ulamuliro wogwirizana, ndipo ulamuliro wokhawo umaperekedwa kokha pazochitika zochepa zomwe zafotokozedwa mu Article 1:251a ya Dutch Civil Code. Buku lathu lotsogolera malamulo okhudza kusunga ana ku Netherlands limafotokoza mwatsatanetsatane ulamuliro ndi kukhala kwawo.

Kodi ndi zinthu ziti zomwe ziyenera kuthetsedwa pazachuma?

Mudzafunika kugawa katundu wanu, kuthana ndi ufulu wa penshoni ndikuvomereza kapena kupempha khoti kuti lisankhe chisamaliro. Ndondomeko ya katundu yomwe ikugwira ntchito imadalira kwambiri nthawi yomwe munakwatirana.

Kodi katundu amagawidwa bwanji?

Pa maukwati omwe adalowa pa 1 Januwale 2018 kapena pambuyo pake, mgwirizano wochepa wa katundu umagwira ntchito. Katundu ndi ngongole zomwe zapezedwa panthawi ya ukwati zimagawidwa, pomwe katundu asanalowe m'banja, mphatso ndi cholowa zimakhalabe zaumwini. Maukwati omwe adamalizidwa tsiku lomwelo asanafike tsikulo amagwera pansi pa mgwirizano wakale wa katundu, momwe pafupifupi chilichonse chimagawidwa, pokhapokha ngati zinthu zisanachitike ukwati zidavomerezedwa pamaso pa notary wa malamulo aboma.

Zinthu zomwe ziyenera kuchitika musanakwatirane zingapangidwenso kapena kusinthidwa panthawi ya ukwati. Zambiri zimadalira ngati gawo lililonse lokhazikitsa mgwirizano m'menemo linkagwiritsidwa ntchito kwa zaka zambiri. Pamene gawo lokhazikitsa mgwirizano nthawi ndi nthawi silinachitikepo, chuma chomwe chapangidwacho chingafunikebe kugawidwa ngati kuti panali gulu la anthu. Mabizinesi, magawo ndi ngongole zimadzutsa mafunso awoawo okhudza kuwerengera ndi kugawa. Kwa maanja apadziko lonse lapansi, Lamulo (EU) 2016/1103 limakhazikitsa lamulo loyenera la katundu wa ukwati pa maukwati omwe adamalizidwa pa kapena pambuyo pake pa 29 Januwale 2019 m'maiko omwe ali mamembala a EU. Kwa maukwati akale, malamulo akale a mikangano kapena kusankha lamulo lomwe lapangidwa panthawiyo likhoza kuwongolera udindowo.

Kodi chimachitika ndi chiyani ndi ufulu wa penshoni?

Pensheni ya ukalamba yomwe imapezedwa panthawi ya ukwati imakhala yofanana: mwamuna kapena mkazi aliyense ali ndi ufulu wopeza theka la ndalama zomwe mnzake adapezedwa panthawiyo. Pensheni yomwe imapezedwa ukwati usanachitike imagwera kunja kwa izi. Pensheni ya wopulumuka imachitidwa padera ngati penshoni yapadera ya mnzanu. Mungavomereze dongosolo losiyana mu mgwirizano wanu musanakwatirane kapena mgwirizano wokhazikika.

Ngati woyang'anira penshoni adziwitsidwa mkati mwa zaka ziwiri kuchokera pamene chisudzulo chatha, aliyense wa inu akhoza kulipidwa gawo lake mwachindunji ndi thumba. Ngati nthawi imeneyo yatha, ufuluwo sunatayike, koma uyenera kuthetsedwa pakati pa okwatirana akale, zomwe zimakhala zovuta kwambiri.

Kodi kusamalira mwamuna kapena mkazi kumatenga nthawi yayitali bwanji?

Mwamuna kapena mkazi angatenge ndalama zothandizira banja popanda njira zokwanira. Pa milandu yomwe yayamba pa 1 Januwale 2020 kapena pambuyo pake, nthawi yokhazikika ndi theka la nthawi ya ukwati, ndipo nthawi yokwanira ndi zaka zisanu.

Zosiyanazo ndizofunikira. Ngati ukwati unatha zaka zoposa khumi ndi zisanu ndipo wolandirayo akafika zaka za penshoni m'zaka khumi, kusamalira kumatha kupitirira mpaka zaka zimenezo. Ngati pali ana osakwana zaka khumi ndi ziwiri, kumatha kupitirira mpaka mwana wamng'ono atakwanitsa zaka khumi ndi ziwiri. Lamulo losinthira limagwira ntchito kwa olandira omwe anabadwa pa 1 Januwale 1970 kapena isanafike nthawi yomwe ukwati wawo unatha zaka zoposa khumi ndi zisanu. Chifukwa chake, lamulo lomwe limagwira ntchito limadalira tsiku lopereka chikalata, kutalika kwa ukwatiwo ndi zaka za anthu awiriwa ndi anawo. Kusamalira mkazi kapena mwamuna kumachotsedwa kwa wolipira ndipo kumakhomeredwa msonkho ngati ndalama za wolandirayo.

Kodi kusamalira mwana kumawerengedwa bwanji?

Kusamalira ana kumawerengedwa pogwiritsa ntchito malangizo a Expertgroep Alimentatienormen, omwe amadziwika kuti Trema norms. Izi zimayesa zosowa za mwana poyerekeza ndi mphamvu ya kholo lililonse yolipira ndipo zimaganizira gawo la chisamaliro chomwe kholo lililonse limapereka. Udindowu umachitika mpaka mwanayo atakwanitsa zaka khumi ndi zisanu ndi zitatu. Kenako umapitilira ngati udindo wopereka ndalama zogulira zinthu zofunika pamoyo ndi maphunziro mpaka atakwanitsa zaka makumi awiri ndi chimodzi, zomwe zimaperekedwa mwachindunji kwa wachinyamata wamkulu. Kusamalira ana sikuchotsedwa kwa wolipira ndipo sikulipiridwa msonkho kwa wolandirayo.

Kodi chimachitika ndi chiyani pa nyumba ya banja ndi ngongole ya nyumba?

Nyumba yogwirizana iyenera kugulitsidwa kapena kutengedwa ndi mmodzi wa inu, ndipo kutenga nyumba kumafuna kuti banki imasulire mwamuna kapena mkazi winayo ku ngongole ya nyumba. Khothi silingakakamize bankiyo kutero.

Nyumba ya banja nthawi zambiri imakhazikitsa njira yonse yopezera chisudzulo. Mwamuna kapena mkazi amene amakhala m'nyumbamo akhoza kupempha khoti kuti limupatse ufulu wopitiliza kuigwiritsa ntchito kwa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi chisudzulo chitalembetsedwa. Umenewo ndi ufulu wakanthawi wogwiritsa ntchito ndipo sunena chilichonse chokhudza umwini wa nyumbayo. Kumene nyumbayo ikubwerekedwa, mwamuna kapena mkazi mmodzi akhoza kupempha khoti kuti ligawire lendi.

Kutenga nyumba ya mwiniwake kumadalira wobwereketsa ngongole ya nyumba kuti avomere kumasula mnzanu winayo ku milandu yogwirizana komanso yambiri. Khothi likhoza kugamula za yemwe angagwiritse ntchito nyumbayo komanso momwe katunduyo amagawidwira, koma kumasulidwa kumakhalabe chisankho cha wobwereketsa ndipo makamaka kumadalira ndalama zomwe amapeza. Muyeneranso kuthetsa yemwe amalipira chiwongola dzanja cha ngongole ya nyumbayo pamene milandu ikupitirira, zomwe zimachitika ndi ndalama zowonjezera kapena kusowa kwa mtengo wa nyumbayo, komanso zotsatira za msonkho zomwe zasankhidwazo.

Kodi chisudzulo chimatenga nthawi yayitali bwanji ndipo chimawononga ndalama zingati?

Chisudzulo chosagwirizana nthawi zambiri chimatha mkati mwa miyezi iwiri kapena itatu; chisudzulo chotsutsana nthawi zambiri chimatenga miyezi isanu ndi umodzi mpaka chaka. Ndalama zimakwera ndi kuchuluka kwa mfundo zomwe zikukangana.

Izi ndi zizindikiro zochokera ku machitidwe, osati nthawi zomwe malamulo amakhazikitsa. Kuwerengera mtengo kwa bizinesi, katundu wodutsa malire, ntchito kunja kwa dziko kapena mkangano wokhudza ana kungatenge nkhani yoposa chaka chimodzi. Tikuyang'ana nthawi yomwe chisudzulo chimatenga.

Kusudzulana pamodzi kudzera mwa loya mmodzi kumaphatikizapo ndalama imodzi ndi ndalama imodzi ya khoti. Mlandu wotsutsana umapanga ndalama ziwiri za loya ndipo, ngati pakufunika kuwerengera mtengo kapena malipoti a akatswiri, ndalama zina zowonjezera. Gomeli limapereka zizindikiro, osati mawu ogwidwa.

Ndalama zolipirira khothi ndi mitengo ya bailiff zimasintha chaka chilichonse pa 1 Januwale, choncho yang'anani mtengo womwe ukugwira ntchito patsiku lomwe mwapereka.

Kodi alendo ndi anthu ochokera kunja ayenera kusamala ndi chiyani?

Ngati mmodzi kapena nonse awiri simuli a ku Netherlands, onani ngati chisudzulo chanu chili kunja, zikalata zochokera kudziko lanu komanso momwe chilolezo chokhalamo chilili musanapereke chikalatacho. Kusamuka ndi ana kumafuna chilolezo cha kholo lina kapena khoti.

Chisudzulo chomwe chaperekedwa ndi khothi la ku Netherlands chimavomerezedwa m'maiko ena a EU popanda malamulo ena pansi pa Brussels II-ter. Kuvomerezedwa kunja kwa EU kumayendetsedwa ndi lamulo la dziko lomwe likukhudzidwa ndipo kungafunike njira ina kumeneko, kuphatikiza apostille kapena kuvomerezedwa ndi boma komanso kumasuliridwa kolumbirira. Chisudzulo chakunja chikhoza kuvomerezedwa ku Netherlands ngati khothi lakunja linali ndi ulamuliro pazifukwa zomwe lamulo la ku Netherlands likuvomereza ndipo njirayo inali yolungama.

Kusudzulana kungakhudzenso chilolezo chokhala ndi mnzanu chomwe chaperekedwa kuti mukhale ndi mnzanu. Bungwe la IND limayang'ana mtundu wa chilolezo, nthawi yokhala ndi chilolezo chovomerezeka komanso momwe zinthu zilili; chilolezo chodziyimira pawokha chingakhalepo, ndipo malamulo osiyana amagwiritsidwa ntchito pambuyo pa nkhanza zapakhomo. Onetsetsani izi musanapereke pempho.

Kholo lomwe likufuna kusamukira kunja ndi ana likufunika chilolezo cha wina amene ali ndi ulamuliro wa makolo, kapena chilolezo chochokera kukhoti. Kutengera mwana kudutsa malire popanda chilolezocho kungakhale ngati kuba mwana padziko lonse lapansi motsatira Mgwirizano wa Kuba Ana ku Hague, womwe umapangitsa kuti pakhale njira yobwezera mwachangu.

Kodi pali njira zina zothanirana ndi kusudzulana komwe kungachitike?

Inde. Kuthetsa ukwati ndi mgwirizano zimathandiza kuti mugwirizane kenako n’kupereka zikalata pamodzi. Kupatukana ndi bedi ndi chakudya ( scheiding van tafel en bed ) kumatha kukhalira limodzi popanda kuthetsa ukwati.

Mkhalapakati ndiye amatsogolera zokambirana koma sakulangizani aliyense wa inu za ufulu wanu, choncho fufuzani zomwe zachitika mwalamulo musanasainire. Pakusudzulana mogwirizana mwamuna kapena mkazi aliyense amakhala ndi loya wake payekha. Kulekana ndi banja kumafunanso chigamulo cha khothi ndi loya, ndipo kumakhudza maanja omwe sakufuna kuthetsa ukwatiwo pazifukwa zachipembedzo kapena zachuma.

Kodi mumathetsa bwanji mgwirizano wolembetsedwa?

Ngati mulibe ana osakwana zaka 18 ndipo mukugwirizana pa chilichonse, mutha kuthetsa mgwirizano wolembetsedwa popanda khothi, kudzera mwa loya kapena notary wa malamulo aboma. Apo ayi, ndondomekoyi imachitika kukhothi, monga kusudzulana.

Popanda khoti, onse awiri amasaina pangano lolembedwa, lomwe loya kapena notary wa malamulo aboma amasainanso kenako n’kulembetsa ku boma. Ngati pali ana aang’ono, kapena ngati okwatiranawo sangagwirizane, njira ya khoti imagwira ntchito. Pa chisamaliro, kugawa katundu ndi kulipira penshoni, okwatirana olembetsedwa amachitiridwa chimodzimodzi ndi okwatirana.

Kodi muyenera kutsimikizira chiyani ngati mnzanu amene wapereka chikalatacho?

Monga wopempha, mumakhazikitsa nthawi yochitira zinthu, choncho konzani fayiloyo loya wanu asanapereke chikalata ku khoti la chigawo.

• Ngati khoti la ku Netherlands lili ndi ulamuliro pansi pa Article 3 ya Brussels II-ter, mwachitsanzo chifukwa chakuti mwakhala kuno kwa chaka chimodzi kapena kuposerapo.
• Kaya muli ndi chotsitsa kuchokera ku kaundula wa ukwati ndi chotsitsa cha BRP kwa nonse awiri.
• Ndondomeko ya katundu yomwe ikugwira ntchito: malo okhala anthu ochepa okwatirana kuyambira pa 1 Januwale 2018, malo okhala anthu onse asanafike nthawi imeneyo, kapena zinthu zomwe zimachitika asanakwatirane.
• Kaya muli ndi dongosolo la kulera ana, kapena mungafotokoze chifukwa chake kugwirizana pa izi sikunatheke.
• Kaya mukufuna njira zokhazikika panyumba, kusamalira kapena ana pamene mlanduwo ukupitirira.

Kodi muyenera kutsimikizira chiyani ngati mnzanu amene walandira pempholi?

Monga woyankha nthawi zambiri mumakhala ndi milungu isanu ndi umodzi kuti mupereke chikalata chodziteteza, ndipo woimira milandu yekha ndi amene angakuperekereni. Chongani:

• Tsiku lomaliza lomwe lili mu chidziwitso chomwe chaperekedwa ndi bailiff, komanso nthawi yomwe loya wanu ayenera kupereka chitetezo.
• Kaya mukufuna kupereka mapempho otsutsana ndi kusamalira, ana kapena kugawa katundu.
• Kaya ziwerengero za ndalama zomwe zapezedwa ndi chidule cha katundu zomwe zili mu pempholi ndi zolondola komanso zolondola.
• Kaya chilolezo chanu chokhala m'dziko lanu chimadalira ukwati, komanso zomwe IND imafuna kuti munthu akhale ndi chilolezo chodziyimira pawokha.
• Kaya mukufuna kusaina chikalata chovomereza, chomwe chimatha nthawi ya apilo ya miyezi itatu.

Kodi tingakuchitireni chiyani ndi chisudzulo chanu?

Maloya athu osudzulana amachita zinthu m'malo mwa mwamuna kapena mkazi m'modzi pa mlandu wotsutsana kapena kwa onse awiri mu pempho logwirizana. Mwachidule, ife:

• Unikani ulamuliro ndi malamulo oyenera pa nthawi yoyamba yomwe mwakambirana, kuphatikizapo milandu yodutsa malire.
• Lembani mgwirizano wothetsera mavuto ndi dongosolo la kulera ana, kapena onaninso mgwirizano womwe wapangidwa kudzera mwa mkhalapakati.
• Werengerani kusamalira mkazi kapena mwamuna ndi mwana pogwiritsa ntchito malamulo a Trema a Expertgroep Alimentatienormen.
• Lembani ndi kupereka pempho kapena chiganizo chodziteteza mkati mwa milungu isanu ndi umodzi yomaliza.
• Pemphani njira zokhazikika pa nyumba, kusamalira ndi ana pamene mlanduwo ukupitirira.
• Konzani kulembetsa mu kaundula wa ukwati mkati mwa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi ya Article 1:163 ya Dutch Civil Code.

Chidule

• Kusudzulana kwa mwamuna ndi mkazi ku Netherlands kumafuna kuti pempho loperekedwa ndi woimira boma ndi chigamulo cha khoti liperekedwe; chifukwa chokhacho ndi kusweka kosatha, popanda umboni wa cholakwika.
• Makhothi aku Dutch ali ndi ulamuliro pansi pa Brussels II-ter, nthawi zambiri amadalira kukhala komwe munthu amakhala; lamulo logwira ntchito pa chisudzulo lokha limachokera ku Article 10:56 ya Dutch Civil Code ndipo, monga lamulo, ndi lamulo la ku Dutch.
• Ukwati umatha pokhapokha ngati chisankhocho chalembedwa, zomwe ziyenera kuchitika mkati mwa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi kuchokera pamene chakhala chomaliza (Nkhani 1:163 ya Dutch Civil Code).
• Zotsatira za ndalama zimadalira dongosolo la katundu (gulu lochepa kuyambira pa 1 Januwale 2018), kufanana kwa penshoni ndi malamulo okhwima okhudza kusamalira.
• Kwa ana aang'ono, dongosolo lolera ana ndi lofunikira; kusamukira kunja ndi mwana kumafuna chilolezo cha kholo lina kapena khoti.

MAFUNSO OFUNSIDWA KAWIRIKAWIRI