Kusudzulana kwa mwamuna kapena mkazi popanda mwamuna: mutha kusudzulana ndi mwamuna kapena mkazi amene adilesi yake siikudziwika ku Netherlands. Chifukwa chokhacho ndi chakuti ukwatiwo watha mosatha (Nkhani 1:151 ya Dutch Civil Code, BW), ndipo simukusowa chilolezo cha mnzanu kapena kukhalapo. Chofunika kwambiri: khothi limangopitirira pokhapokha mutawonetsa kufufuza kwathunthu ndipo pempholo laperekedwa poyera kudzera kwa woimira boma ndi Government Gazette (Nkhani 54(2) ya Code of Civil Procedure, Rv).
Ndondomekoyi imatenga nthawi yayitali kuposa chisudzulo chachizolowezi, koma zotsatira zake zimakhala chimodzimodzi: lamulo la khothi lomwe limathetsa ukwatiwo ukangolembedwa m'kaundula wa boma. Nkhaniyi ikufotokoza za ulamuliro, kusaka komwe khothi limayembekezera, ntchito za boma, ndi momwe ndalama ndi ana zimachitidwira mkazi kapena mwamuna wanu akachoka.
M'ndandanda wazopezekamo
Kodi khoti la ku Netherlands limakhala ndi ulamuliro liti?
Malinga ndi malamulo a EU okhudza ulamuliro wa chisudzulo (Brussels II ter Regulation), khoti la ku Netherlands lingamve pempho lanu ngati, pakati pa zifukwa zina, mwakhala ku Netherlands kwa chaka chimodzi musanapereke chikalata, kapena kwa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi ngati ndinu nzika ya ku Netherlands. Okwatirana onse awiri omwe ali ndi nzika ya ku Netherlands ndi malo oti avomerezedwe, kulikonse komwe mukukhala.
Zifukwa zina zimagwiranso ntchito, mwachitsanzo ngati Netherlands inali nyumba yanu yomaliza yokhala pamodzi ndipo mukukhalabe kuno. Yang'anani ulamuliro musanayambe: ngati ikusowa, khothi silingathe kumva mlanduwu ndipo nthawi yomwe munagwiritsa ntchito pakufufuzayo yatayika.
Kodi pempho la chisudzulo la munthu mmodzi limagwira ntchito bwanji?
Loya wanu apereka pempho la chisudzulo cha munthu m'modzi (eenzijdig verzoek tot echtscheiding) ku khoti la chigawo. Malinga ndi Nkhani 815(1)(a) Rv pempholi liyenera kufotokoza adilesi ya mnzanu ndi komwe amakhala "monga momwe akudziwira"; ngati sakudziwika, pempholi likunena choncho ndipo limafotokoza momwe kufufuzako kunachitikira.
Kusudzulana si vuto. Muyenera kungonena kuti ukwati watha mosatha; mwamuna kapena mkazi amene wasowa kwa nthawi yayitali nthawi zambiri sasiya malo okayikira. Buku lathu lonse lathunthu la kusudzulana kwa munthu mmodzi limafotokoza njira yonse.
Kodi mumalemba bwanji zomwe mukufuna kupeza mwamuna kapena mkazi amene wasowa?
Khothi liyenera kukhutira kuti adilesi ya mnzanu ndi komwe amakhala sizikudziwika bwino musanaloledwe kupereka chithandizo cha boma. Pangani fayilo yomwe imatsimikizira kufufuza koyenera komanso kolembedwa; khothi likuyembekeza khama, osati kupambana.
Yambani ndi zolemba zovomerezeka za ku Dutch
Pemphani chidule kuchokera ku Personal Records Database (BRP) kuchokera ku boma. Ngati mnzanu wachotsedwa m'kaundula monga "anachoka kupita kosadziwika" (vertrokken onbekend waarheen, VOW), chidule chimenecho ndi umboni wofunikira. Sungani pempho lililonse ndi yankho, kuphatikizapo mayankho omwe akunena kuti palibe deta yomwe yapezeka.
Lumikizanani ndi achibale, abwenzi ndi maadiresi akale
Lembani kalata kwa achibale anu, mabwenzi anu, ogwira nawo ntchito akale, eni nyumba ndi anansi anu, makamaka kudzera pa positi yolembetsedwa kapena imelo kuti mukhale ndi umboni. Funsani anthu omwe ali ndi chidziwitso kuti akupatseni chikalata chachifupi chosainidwa. Pa milandu yovuta, mboni yoyambirira imafufuza umboni wolumbira.
Fufuzani kunja ngati kuli kofunikira
Ngati mnzanu wa m'banja mwanu mwina anachoka ku Netherlands, funsani ofesi ya kazembe kapena ofesi ya kazembe wa dziko lawo ndipo fufuzani zolemba za anthu akunja ngati zilipo. Lipotilo lochokera kwa wofufuza payekha wovomerezeka, lofotokoza njira zomwe zagwiritsidwa ntchito, ndi umboni wothandiza. Ngati mupeza adilesi kunja, pempholo liyenera kuperekedwa kumeneko, mwachitsanzo pansi pa Msonkhano wa Utumiki wa Hague, ndipo utumiki wa anthu onse sungathekenso.
| Gawo lofufuzira | Umboni woti usunge |
|---|---|
| Chidutswa cha BRP kuchokera ku boma | Chidutswa chomwe chikuwonetsa adilesi yomaliza kapena momwe VOW ilili |
| Banja, abwenzi, ogwira nawo ntchito | Malisiti olembetsedwa, maimelo, zithunzi, mawu osainidwa |
| Adilesi yomaliza yodziwika, mwini nyumba, anansi | Zolemba za mafoni, makope a makalata |
| Malo ochezera pa intaneti komanso pa malo ochezera a pa Intaneti | Zithunzi zakale za kusaka ndi mauthenga otumizidwa |
| Kunja (kazembe, zolemba zakunja, wofufuza) | Lipoti la makalata ndi wofufuza |
Kodi pempholi limaperekedwa bwanji kwa mwamuna kapena mkazi amene sangapezeke?
Katswiri wa khoti (gerechtsdeurwaarder) amayesa kaye kutumikira ku adilesi yomaliza yodziwika. Ngati malo okhala ndi malo enieni okhala sizikudziwika, Article 54(2) Rv imalamula kuti anthu azigwira ntchito m'magawo awiri.
Choyamba, bailiff amatumiza chikalatacho ku ofesi (parket) ya woimira boma kukhothi lomwe lidzamvere mlanduwo. Chachiwiri, gawo la chikalatacho limasindikizidwa mu Government Gazette (Staatscourant) mwachangu momwe zingathere, ponena dzina ndi adilesi ya ofesi ya bailiff kapena loya yemwe angapeze kopi. Kutsatsa kwa nyuzipepala kulibe mphamvu yakeyake yalamulo.
Utumiki wa anthu onse umaloledwa pokhapokha ngati adilesiyo siikudziwika kwenikweni. Ngati pambuyo pake zipezeka kuti adilesi yomwe ingatsatidwe sinanyalanyazidwe, utumikiwo ukhoza kuchotsedwa ndipo njirayi ingafunike kubwerezedwanso.
Kodi khoti limasankha bwanji ngati mnzanu sayankha?
Kusudzulana ndi njira yopempherera ukwati, kotero palibe chigamulo chokhazikika monga momwe zimakhalira poitana ukwati. Ngati mnzanu sapereka chikalata chodziteteza mkati mwa nthawiyo, khothi limasankha malinga ndi pempho lanu ndi umboni wanu, ndipo limapereka lamulo la khothi (beschikking) lothetsa ukwatiwo.
Chisudzulo chimayamba kugwira ntchito pokhapokha ngati lamulolo lalembedwa m'kaundula wa boma (Nkhani 1:163(1) BW). Izi ziyenera kupemphedwa pasanathe miyezi isanu ndi umodzi kuchokera pamene lamulolo lakhala lomaliza; apo ayi lamulolo siligwira ntchito ndipo mukadali okwatirana (Nkhani 1:163(3) BW). Chifukwa chakuti mnzanu sanabwere, nthawi ya apilo ya miyezi itatu ya mnzanuyo imayambira pa nthawi yomwe lamulolo linaperekedwa kapena nthawi yomwe adadziwika, motsatira Nkhani 806(1)(b) Rv, kotero lamulolo liyenera kuperekedwa (poyera, ngati kuli kofunikira) lisanakhale lomaliza.
Kodi katundu, kukonza ndi ana zimachitidwa bwanji?
Mungathe kupempha khoti kuti lisankhe kugawa katundu, kusamalira ndi ulamuliro wa makolo m'njira yomweyi. Ikani zopempha zonse ndi mfundo zonse zodziwika bwino mu pempholi, chifukwa mnzanu sadzapereka.
Gawo la gulu la katundu
Ngati munakwatirana popanda mgwirizano wa ukwati, muli mu mgwirizano wa katundu. Malinga ndi Article 1:100 BW, mwamuna ndi mkazi aliyense ali ndi ufulu wogawana gawo lofanana. Kwa maukwati kuyambira pa 1 Januwale 2018, mgwirizano wochepa wa katundu umagwira ntchito, kotero katundu wochokera mu ukwati usanachitike komanso mphatso zambiri ndi cholowa zimakhala kunja kwa ukwatiwo.
Lembani katundu ndi ngongole zonse zodziwika bwino, kuphatikizapo katundu wakunja, maakaunti akubanki ndi mapenshoni. Gwiritsani ntchito wowerengera mtengo wa nyumba kapena bizinesi. Lamulo la ku Dutch lomwe silinapereke katundu wodziwika bwino wakunja lingakusiyeni mukusudzulana koma mudakali ndi ubale wachuma ndi mnzanu wakale.
Gawo la khoti limakumangani inu ndi mnzanu wa muukwati, osati omwe akukongozani ngongole. Ngati muli ndi udindo wofanana pa ngongole ya nyumba kapena ngongole, banki ikhozabe kupempha ndalama zonse kuchokera kwa inu. Lumikizanani ndi obwereketsa anu ndi lamulo la khoti mutasudzulana.
yokonza
Mu pempholi, mutha kupempha chisamaliro cha mwamuna kapena mkazi ndi mwana. Perekani khothi zambiri momwe mungathere zokhudza zosowa zanu ndi ndalama zanu, ndalama zomaliza zomwe mnzanuyo amalandira komanso momwe amapezera ndalama, komanso ndalama zomwe ana amalipira. Lamulo ndilo maziko otolera ndalama ngati mnzanu wakale kapena katundu wawo apezeka pambuyo pake.
Ulamuliro wa makolo ndi dongosolo la kulera ana
Pempho la chisudzulo ndi ana aang'ono nthawi zambiri liyenera kukhala ndi dongosolo la kulera ana lomwe lasainidwa ndi makolo onse awiri (Article 815(2) Rv). Ngati sizingatheke, Article 815(6) Rv imalola khothi kulandira zikalata zina m'malo mwake; fotokozani chifukwa chake dongosololi silikupezeka.
Ulamuliro wogwirizana umapitirira pambuyo pa chisudzulo. Malinga ndi Nkhani 1:251a(1) BW, khothi lingapereke ulamuliro kwa kholo limodzi lokha ngati pali chiopsezo chosavomerezeka chakuti mwana agwidwe pakati pa makolo popanda chiyembekezo cha kusintha, kapena ngati kusinthako kuli kofunikira chifukwa cha mwana. Kholo lomwe lasowa ndi chifukwa champhamvu chofunsira. Onani kalozera wathu wa malamulo okhudza kusunga ana ku Netherlands.
Kodi zolakwa zofala ndi ziti?
- Kusaka kosavomerezeka kapena kopanda zikalata: mauthenga ochepa pa malo ochezera a pa Intaneti sikokwanira.
- Palibe chotsitsa cha BRP: ndi umboni woyambira wa adilesi yomaliza yolembetsedwa kapena momwe VOW inalili.
- Musafufuze kwina kulikonse komwe mnzanu ali ndi ubale ndi mayiko ena.
- Utumiki wa anthu onse ngakhale adilesi ikadapezeka, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti utumikiwo ukhale wovuta.
- Katundu wakunja ndi penshoni zasiyidwa mu pempholi.
- Kuiwala kulembetsa lamulo lomaliza mkati mwa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi, kotero kuti chisudzulo sichigwira ntchito.
Kodi muyenera kuyang'ana chiyani musanapereke?
- Onetsetsani kuti khoti la ku Netherlands lili ndi ulamuliro: nthawi yanu yokhala komanso dziko lanu.
- Sonkhanitsani chotsitsa cha BRP ndi umboni wa gawo lililonse lofufuzira.
- Lembani katundu wonse, ngongole ndi penshoni, ku Netherlands ndi kunja.
- Sankhani zopempha zomwe muwonjezere: kugawa, kukonza, ulamuliro wokha.
- Konzani kufotokozera chifukwa chake dongosolo lolera ana limodzi silingatheke.
- Lembani tsiku lomaliza lolembetsa la miyezi isanu ndi umodzi pambuyo poti odayo yatha.
Kodi tingakuchitireni chiyani ngati mwamuna kapena mkazi wanu wasudzulana?
Maloya athu osudzulana amasamalira kusudzulana kwa munthu mmodzi, kuphatikizapo milandu yomwe mwamuna kapena mkazi wina sangapezeke.
- Timafufuza ngati khoti la ku Netherlands lili ndi ulamuliro pa mlandu wanu.
- Timakonza fayilo yofufuzira ndi inu ndikuwunika ngati ikukwaniritsa muyezo wa khoti.
- Timalemba ndikupereka pempho la chisudzulo, kuphatikizapo kugawa ana, kusamalira ana ndi ulamuliro wa makolo.
- Timauza bailiff kuti achite utumiki pa adilesi yomaliza ndipo, ngati kuli koyenera, utumiki wa boma motsatira Article 54 Rv.
- Timakonza zoti lamuloli liperekedwe ndi kulembetsa kwake mu kaundula wa boma mkati mwa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi yomaliza.
Chidule
- Mukhoza kusudzula mnzanu amene simungapezeke; chifukwa chokhacho ndi kusweka kosatha (Nkhani 1:151 BW).
- Khoti limafuna kufufuza kolembedwa asanavomereze kuti adilesiyo siikudziwika.
- Utumiki wa boma umachitika kudzera mu ofesi ya wotsutsa boma komanso mu Gazette ya Boma (Nkhani 54(2) Rv).
- Khoti likhozanso kusankha pa kugawa katundu, kusamalira ndi ulamuliro wa kholo limodzi.
- Chisudzulo chimayamba kugwira ntchito pokhapokha ngati munthu walembetsa, zomwe ziyenera kupemphedwa mkati mwa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi kuchokera pamene lamulolo lakhala lomaliza.
MAFUNSO OFUNSIDWA KAWIRIKAWIRI
Kodi kusudzulana ndi mwamuna kapena mkazi wina kumatenga nthawi yayitali bwanji?
Kawirikawiri nthawi zambiri zimakhala nthawi yayitali kuposa chisudzulo chachizolowezi, chifukwa cha kufufuza, ntchito za boma komanso nthawi ya apilo yomwe imayambira pakupereka lamuloli. Milandu yambiri imatenga miyezi isanu ndi umodzi mpaka khumi ndi iwiri mutapereka; kufufuza kunja kungakuwonjezereni nthawi musanapereke.
Nanga bwanji ngati mwamuna kapena mkazi wanga wakale abwereranso pambuyo pa chisudzulo?
Mwamuna kapena mkazi amene anatumikiridwa pagulu akhoza kukadandaula pasanathe miyezi itatu kuchokera pamene lamulolo linaperekedwa kapena atadziwika ndi iye (Article 806(1)(b) Rv). Lamulolo likatha ndipo litalembetsedwa, chisudzulo chimatha. Ngati utumiki wa boma sunayenere chifukwa chakuti adilesi yake inali yodziwika, utumikiwo ukhoza kutsutsidwa.
Kodi ndingasudzule mwamuna kapena mkazi wakunja amene wachoka ku Netherlands?
Inde, ngati khoti la ku Netherlands lili ndi ulamuliro, mwachitsanzo chifukwa chakuti mwakhala kuno kwa chaka chimodzi musanapereke chikalata (miyezi isanu ndi umodzi ngati ndinu wa ku Netherlands). Ngati mwapeza adilesi kunja, pempholo liyenera kuperekedwa kumeneko m'malo mwa poyera.
Kodi chimachitika ndi chiyani ndi ngongole zathu zolumikizana?
Khothi limagawaniza ngongole za anthu ammudzi pakati panu, koma gawo limenelo silimakakamiza obwereketsa. Ngati muli ndi udindo wogwirizana pa ngongole kapena ngongole ya nyumba, wobwereketsayo akhozabe kupempha ndalama zonse kuchokera kwa inu; funsani obwereketsa anu ndi lamulo la khothi.
Kodi ndikufunika dongosolo lolera ana ngati mwamuna kapena mkazi wanga wasowa?
Ndondomeko yolerera ana yomwe yasainidwa ndi makolo onse awiri nthawi zambiri imafunika, koma malinga ndi Nkhani 815(6) Rv khothi likhoza kulandira zikalata zina ngati ndondomekoyo singaperekedwe moyenera. Fotokozani mu pempholi chifukwa chake sizingatheke.
