Ku Netherlands, kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo si mlandu, koma kukhala nawo, kupanga, kugulitsa, kunyamula, kulowetsa ndi kutumiza kunja ndi mlandu wa mankhwala osokoneza bongo komanso mankhwala ofewa. Chosiyana kwambiri ndi mfundo yolekerera (gedoogbeleid): Bungwe Loona za Madandaulo a Anthu (Openbaar Ministerie, OM) kwenikweni silikutsutsa kukhala ndi ndalama zochepa zogwiritsira ntchito payekha, kapena kugulitsa chamba m'masitolo ogulitsa khofi omwe amakwaniritsa zofunikira, ngakhale kuti zonsezi zikuletsedwa.
Lamulo la mankhwala osokoneza bongo la ku Netherlands limadalira pa Opium Act (Opiumwet), yowonjezeredwa ndi Medicines Act (Geneesmiddelenwet) ndi Commodities Act (Warenwet). Tsamba lino likufotokoza mndandanda wa Opium Act, zilango zazikulu, mfundo zolekerera komanso kuletsa magulu a zinthu zatsopano zosokoneza maganizo.
M'ndandanda wazopezekamo
Kodi lamulo la Opium Act limapangidwa bwanji?
Lamulo la Opium limagawa zinthu zoletsedwa m'ndandanda, ndipo mndandandawo umakhazikitsa chilango. Mndandanda Woyamba uli ndi mankhwala olimba, Mndandanda Wachiwiri wa mankhwala ofewa ndi mankhwala ena oletsa ululu, ndi Mndandanda wa IA wa magulu a zinthu zatsopano zosokoneza maganizo.
Kodi pali chiyani pa Mndandanda Woyamba, Wachiwiri ndi Wachiwiri?
Mndandanda Woyamba umakhudza zinthu zomwe zili ndi chiopsezo chosavomerezeka, monga heroin, cocaine, amphetamine, ecstasy (MDMA) ndi 3-MMC. Nkhani yachiwiri ya Opium Act imaletsa kubweretsa zinthuzi kunja kapena kunja kwa Netherlands, kuzilima, kuzikonza, kuzigulitsa, kuzipereka kapena kuzinyamula, kuzisunga ndi kuzipanga.
Mndandanda Wachiwiri umakhudza zinthu za chamba, monga hashish ndi udzu, ndi mankhwala ena oletsa ululu (Article 3 Opium Act). Kuyambira pa 1 Julayi 2025, Nkhani 2a ya Opium Act imaletsanso zinthu zomwe zili m'gulu la zinthu (stofgroep) pa Mndandanda IA. Mndandanda IA sutchula zinthu payokha koma magulu ochokera ku kapangidwe ka mankhwala komweko, kotero mtundu wosinthidwa pang'ono wa mankhwala odziwika bwino umaphimbidwa kuyambira pachiyambi.
Kodi kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo n'kulangidwa?
Ayi. Opium Act siiletsa kugwiritsa ntchito yokha. Komabe, kukhala ndi chinthu n'koletsedwa, ndipo simungathe kugwiritsa ntchito chinthu popanda kukhala nacho.
Maboma amathanso kuletsa kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo m'malo ena, monga mapaki, misewu yogulitsira zinthu kapena madera apafupi ndi masukulu, kudzera mu lamulo lawo la m'deralo (Algemene Plaatselijke Verordening, APV). Kuphwanya lamulo lotere kungayambitse chindapusa.
Ndi zilango ziti zomwe zimagwira ntchito?
Chilango chachikulu chimadalira mndandanda ndi lamulo. Pa mankhwala osokoneza bongo, kulowetsa kapena kutumiza kunja mwadala kumabweretsa kundende kwa zaka 12 motsatira Nkhani 10(5) ya Opium Act.
| Category | Chitani | Malamulo okhwima |
|---|---|---|
| List I (mankhwala ovuta) | Tumizani kapena tumizani kunja | Zaka 12 (Nkhani 10(5)) |
| List I | Kugulitsa, kupereka, kunyamula, kulima, kukonza kapena kupanga | Zaka 8 (Nkhani 10(4)) |
| List I | Malo | Zaka 6 (Nkhani 10(3)) |
| List I | Ndalama zochepa zogwiritsira ntchito payekha | Chaka chimodzi (Nkhani 10(6)) |
| Mndandanda wa IA (magulu a zinthu) | Chochita chilichonse choletsedwa | Zaka 6; ndalama zochepa zogwiritsira ntchito payekha miyezi 6 (Nkhani 10b) |
| List II (mankhwala ofewa) | Kukhala ndi magalamu 30 a chamba | Kumangidwa kwa mwezi umodzi (Nkhani 11(1) ndi (6)) |
| Mndandanda II | Kukhala ndi, kugulitsa kapena kulima zinthu zambiri | Zaka ziwiri (Nkhani 11(2)); ulimi wambiri kapena waukadaulo Zaka 6 (Nkhani 11(3) ndi (5)) |
| Mndandanda II | Tumizani kapena tumizani kunja | Zaka 4 (Nkhani 11(4)) |
Izi ndi zilango zazikulu. Zilango zomwe zimaperekedwa nthawi zambiri zimakhala zochepa kwambiri ndipo zimadalira kuchuluka kwa mlandu, udindo wa wokayikiridwayo komanso milandu yomwe adaweruzidwa kale. OM imagwiritsa ntchito malangizo ake okhudza milandu.
Lamulo lokweza zilango zazikulu pa milandu yayikulu yokhudza kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo lakhala likukambidwa; mpaka litavomerezedwa ndikugwiritsidwa ntchito, malamulo apamwamba omwe ali pamwambapa amagwira ntchito.
Kodi ndi liti pamene OM sadzatsutsa?
Malinga ndi lamulo la OM's Opium Act (Aanwijzing Opiumwet), kukhala ndi ndalama zochepa zogwiritsira ntchito payekha sikufufuzidwa kapena kuweruzidwa. Mankhwalawa nthawi zonse amagwidwa.
- Mankhwala ofewa: mpaka magalamu 5 a chamba, ndipo kukula mpaka zomera 5 sikumaonedwa ngati kulima mwaukadaulo.
- Mankhwala amphamvu: kuchuluka kwa wogwiritsa ntchito, monga piritsi limodzi kapena kukulunga kamodzi, osapitirira 0.5 gram.
Ngakhale popanda kuimbidwa mlandu, mlandu ungasiye chizindikiro. Ngati OM alembetsa mlanduwo, chigamulo chake, kuphatikizapo kuchotsedwa ntchito (sepot), chimalembedwa mu dongosolo la zikalata za khoti ndipo chikhoza kuganiziridwa mukapempha satifiketi ya khalidwe (Verklaring Omtrent het Gedrag, VOG), mwachitsanzo pantchito ya maphunziro, chisamaliro kapena chitetezo.
Kodi mfundo yololera anthu ogulitsa khofi imagwira ntchito bwanji?
Malo ogulitsira khofi angagulitse chamba chochepa ngati chikwaniritsa zofunikira za dziko lonse mu Opium Act Instruction ndipo chili ndi chilolezo kuchokera kwa boma. Meya amatsatira malamulowo ndipo akhoza kutseka malo ogulitsira khofi omwe amawaphwanya (Article 13b Opium Act).
Zofunikira za dziko lonse zimadziwika kuti zofunikira za AHOJGI:
- A: palibe malonda;
- H: palibe kugulitsa mankhwala osokoneza bongo;
- O: palibe vuto m'dera lanu;
- J: palibe kugulitsa kwa achinyamata osakwana zaka 18, ndipo palibe mwayi wopeza;
- G: palibe kugulitsa magalamu opitilira 5 pa malonda aliwonse, ndi masheya osapitirira magalamu 500;
- I: kugulitsa kwa anthu okhala ku Netherlands okha, ndipo malamulo a boma okhudza izi akusiyana pakati pa madera osiyanasiyana.
Kupereka ku shopu ya khofi, komwe kumatchedwa khomo lakumbuyo, sikuloledwa. Kukula ndi kugulitsa zinthu zambiri kumakhalabe chilango, kupatulapo mkati mwa kuyesa ndi unyolo wa shopu ya khofi yotsekedwa (Experiment gesloten coffeeshopketen), momwe shopu ya khofi m'maboma ochepa omwe akutenga nawo mbali amagulitsa chamba kuchokera kwa alimi ovomerezeka.
Kodi boma lanu lingasankhe chiyani?
Boma limasankha ngati limalola malo ogulitsira khofi konse komanso pazifukwa ziti. Kudzera mu APV, likhozanso kuletsa kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo m'malo opezeka anthu ambiri ndikukhazikitsa malamulo okhudza nthawi yotsegulira ndi malo ogwirira ntchito.
Malamulo am'deralo akhoza kukhala okhwima kuposa a dziko lonse. Yang'anani tsamba lawebusayiti la boma lanu musanaganize kuti chinthu chomwe chimaloledwa mumzinda wina chimaloledwanso mumzinda wina.
Ndi zolakwa ziti zomwe zimachitika kawirikawiri?
Cholakwika chofala kwambiri ndi kusokoneza kulekerera ndi kuvomereza. Kulekerera kumatanthauza kuti OM satsutsa milandu ina; sikupangitsa kuti khalidwelo likhale lovomerezeka, ndipo apolisi nthawi zonse amatha kugwira mankhwala osokoneza bongo.
- Kugwiritsa ntchito kuganiza nthawi zonse kumaloledwa: maboma amatha kuletsa izi m'mapaki kapena m'malo ogulitsira zinthu ndikukulipiritsani chindapusa chifukwa cha izi.
- Kupeputsa kuchuluka kochepa kwa mankhwala amphamvu: amagwidwa, ndipo mlandu wolembetsedwa ungakhudze ntchito ya VOG.
- Kulima zomera zoposa zisanu, kapena kugwiritsa ntchito zida zaukadaulo: izi zimaonedwa ngati kulima kwaukadaulo, ndi zaka zosachepera 6 motsatira Article 11(3) Opium Act.
- Kuganiza kuti chinthu chogulitsidwa pa intaneti ngati "chovomerezeka" chikuloledwa: kuyambira pa 1 Julayi 2025 mitundu yatsopano ya mankhwala odziwika bwino nthawi zambiri imagwera pansi pa List IA, ngakhale atatchulidwa payekhapayekha.
Kodi muyenera kuyang'ana chiyani ngati mwaletsedwa kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo?
- Ndi mndandanda uti womwe uli pa: Mndandanda Woyamba, Mndandanda wa IA kapena Mndandanda Wachiwiri?
- Kodi kuchuluka kwake kuli mkati mwa kuchuluka kwa ogwiritsa ntchito komwe kuli mu Opium Act Instruction (magalamu 5 a chamba, magalamu 0.5 kapena piritsi limodzi la mankhwala amphamvu)?
- Kodi pali zizindikiro zosonyeza kugulitsa zinthu, monga kulongedza katundu, sikelo kapena ndalama, zomwe apolisi angadalire?
- Kodi mwauzidwa za ufulu wanu wokhala chete komanso ufulu wanu wofunsa loya musanayambe kuyankhulana koyamba ndi apolisi?
- Kodi mlanduwu walembedwa kale, ndipo OM adatenga chigamulo chotani?
Kodi tingakuchitireni chiyani ngati muli ndi vuto la mankhwala osokoneza bongo?
Maloya athu oweruza milandu amathandiza anthu omwe akuganiziridwa kuti ali ndi mlandu wa Opium Act kuyambira kuyankhulana koyamba ndi apolisi mpaka ku khoti; onaninso zomwe mungachite mukaimbidwa mlandu wokhudza mankhwala osokoneza bongo komanso tanthauzo la kulekerera munthu amene ali ndi vutoli ngati akugwiritsa ntchito payekha.
- Timakuthandizani panthawi yoyankhulana ndi apolisi ndipo timakulangizani ngati mungayankhe mafunso.
- Timaona ngati kufufuza, kulanda ndi kumanga zinali zovomerezeka ndi lamulo.
- Timawunikanso fayilo ya mlandu ndi malangizo a OM okhudza kuchuluka kwa milandu yanu ndi udindo wanu.
- Timakambirana ndi OM za kuchotsedwa ntchito kapena mgwirizano ngati n'kotheka.
- Tikukutetezani pa msonkhano wa khothi ndipo tikukupatsani malangizo pa zotsatira za VOG.
Chidule
- Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo si mlandu, koma kukhala ndi mankhwala, kupanga, kugulitsa, kulowetsa ndi kutumiza kunja ndizoletsedwa motsatira Opium Act.
- Mndandanda Woyamba (mankhwala ovuta), Mndandanda wa IA (magulu a mankhwala osokoneza bongo, kuyambira pa 1 Julayi 2025) ndi Mndandanda Wachiwiri (mankhwala ofewa) ndi omwe amasankha chilango chachikulu.
- Nthawi yovomerezeka imayambira pa mwezi umodzi wokha wosungidwa kwa magalamu 30 a chamba mpaka zaka 12 zogulira mankhwala osokoneza bongo ochokera kunja kapena kunja.
- OM kwenikweni satsutsa magalamu 5 a chamba, zomera 5 kapena magalamu 0.5 a mankhwala osokoneza bongo, koma mankhwalawo amagwidwa.
- Malo ogulitsira khofi amaloledwa motsatira malamulo a AHOJGI ndi chilolezo cha boma; mbali yopereka khofi ikadali ndi chilango.
MAFUNSO OFUNSIDWA KAWIRIKAWIRI
Kodi ndiloledwa kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo ku Netherlands?
Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo si chilango malinga ndi lamulo la Opium Act, koma kukhala ndi mankhwalawo n'koletsedwa. Maboma amathanso kuletsa kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala m'malo ena, monga m'mapaki ndi m'misewu yogulitsira, kudzera mu APV.
Kodi ndingapeze mbiri yaupandu chifukwa cha piritsi limodzi la ecstasy?
Piritsi limodzi ndi kuchuluka kwa wogwiritsa ntchito, ndipo OM kwenikweni sadzatsutsa. Piritsilo limatengedwa. Ngati mlanduwo walembedwa, chigamulocho chimalembedwa mu dongosolo la zikalata za khoti ndipo chikhoza kuwerengedwa mu fomu yopempha ya VOG.
Kodi ndinganyamule chamba chochuluka bwanji?
Kukhala ndi chamba n'koletsedwa, koma lamulo la OM silimatsutsa munthu mpaka magalamu 5 kuti agwiritse ntchito payekha. Munthu amene ali ndi chamba mpaka magalamu 30 amakhala m'ndende kwa mwezi umodzi (Article 11 Opium Act).
Kodi Mndandanda wa IA ndi chiyani?
Kuyambira pa 1 Julayi 2025, List IA imaletsa magulu onse a zinthu zatsopano zokhudzana ndi maganizo zomwe zili ndi kapangidwe ka mankhwala omwewo. Kuphwanya malamulo kumatenga zaka 6 kundende, kapena miyezi 6 pa ndalama zochepa zogwiritsira ntchito payekha (Article 10b Opium Act).
Kodi ndingathe kulima chamba kunyumba?
Kulima chamba n'koletsedwa. OM kwenikweni imaona zomera 5 ngati zosagwira ntchito ndipo siimanga; zomera zambiri kapena zida zaukadaulo zingayambitse kumangidwa, ndipo zaka zosachepera 6 zolima chamba mwaukadaulo.
