Zofunikira pazamalamulo pa intaneti: kodi webshop yaku Dutch iyenera kutsatira chiyani?

Sitolo yapaintaneti ya ku Netherlands iyenera kudzizindikiritsa bwino, kupatsa ogula zambiri zokhazikika asanayitanitse, kulemba batani la oda ngati cholipira ndikuwapatsa ufulu wochotsa masiku 14. Ngati simumvetsa bwino mfundo izi, chiopsezo chachikulu nthawi zambiri sichikhala chindapusa: mapangano amatha kuthetsedwa ndipo nthawi yochotsera ikhoza kukhala yayitali kwa miyezi khumi ndi iwiri kuposa momwe mumayembekezera.

Malamulowa amachokera ku magawo atatu: ntchito zodziwitsa ndi kuzindikira zomwe zili m'mabuku 3 ndi 6 a Dutch Civil Code (Burgerlijk Wetboek, BW), malangizo a ogula aku Europe omwe akugwiritsidwa ntchito mu malamulo amenewo, ndi malamulo ogwira ntchito mwachindunji a EU pankhani yoteteza deta, chitetezo cha zinthu, kuletsa malo ndi nsanja. Bungwe la Netherlands Authority for Consumers and Markets (ACM) limayang'anira malamulo ambiriwa.

Kodi webusaiti yanu iyenera kusonyeza chiyani za bizinesi yanu?

Dzina lanu la bizinesi, adilesi, imelo adilesi, nambala ya Chamber of Commerce ndi nambala ya VAT ziyenera kukhala zosavuta kuzipeza patsamba lanu nthawi zonse. Fomu yolumikizirana yokha siyokwanira.

Bizinesi yogulitsa pa intaneti ku Netherlands iyenera kulembetsedwa mu Kaundula wa Zamalonda wa Chamber of Commerce (Kamer van Koophandel, KvK). KvK imapereka nambala yolembetsa yomwe iyenera kuwonekera patsamba lanu. Njira yolembetsera ndi kutumiza imafotokozedwa m'nkhani yathu yokhudza kutumiza pa intaneti m'maakaunti amalonda.

Malinga ndi Article 3:15d BW, wopereka chithandizo chilichonse pa intaneti ayenera kupanga tsatanetsatane wina mosavuta, mwachindunji komanso kosatha. Izi ndi dzina la bizinesiyo, adilesi komwe idakhazikitsidwa, tsatanetsatane wolumikizirana kuphatikiza imelo yolumikizirana mwachangu, nambala ya KvK ndi nambala yozindikiritsa VAT. Ngati ntchito yanu ikufuna chilolezo, muyeneranso kunena bungwe loyang'anira.

Ulalo wa pansi pa tsamba lokhala ndi tsatanetsatane uwu ukukwaniritsa zofunikira.

Ndi mfundo ziti zomwe muyenera kupereka musanapange mgwirizano?

Nkhani 6:230m BW imalemba zambiri zomwe muyenera kupereka musanayambe mgwirizano wa mtunda. Ikuphatikizapo makhalidwe akuluakulu a malonda, dzina lanu ndi adilesi yanu, ndi mtengo wonse kuphatikiza misonkho ndi ndalama zonse zotumizira ndi zina. Ikufotokozanso za makonzedwe olipira ndi kutumiza, nthawi ya mgwirizano, kukhalapo kwa chitsimikizo chovomerezeka cha kutsatira malamulo, ndi mikhalidwe, nthawi ndi njira zochotsera, pamodzi ndi fomu yochotsera chitsanzo.

Zotsatira zake n’zakuti munthu safunika kulipira ndalama zobwezera katundu, ndiye kuti akuyenera kulipira ndalamazo.

Kodi malamulo oyendetsera dongosolo ndi ati?

Nthawi yomweyo oda isanakwane, muyenera kuwonetsanso mfundo zofunika, ndipo batani lolamula liyenera kuwonetsa momveka bwino kuti kuyitanitsa kumatanthauza kulipira. Ngati sichoncho, kasitomala sakhala womangidwa ndi pangano.

Kasitomala asanayike oda, muyenera kuwonetsa makhalidwe akuluakulu a malonda, mtengo wonse, nthawi ya mgwirizano ndi nthawi yochepa yolembetsa. Batanilo liyenera kulembedwa mosapita m'mbali, mwachitsanzo "oda ndi udindo wolipira". Batani longoti "pitilizani" kapena "tsimikizirani" silikukwaniritsa zofunikira.

Webusaiti yanu iyeneranso kupereka njira zaukadaulo zodziwira ndikukonza zolakwika zolowera musanayike oda. Mukamaliza oda, muyenera kutsimikizira kuti mwalandira pa intaneti nthawi yomweyo.

Kodi malamulo ndi zikhalidwe zanu zonse zimagwira ntchito liti?

Malinga ndi Nkhani 6:233(b) ndi 6:234 BW, kasitomala ayenera kuti anali ndi mwayi wokwanira wowerenga mawu anu onse asanayambe kapena pamene pangano linatha. Pa intaneti, muyenera kuwapereka m'njira yomwe ingathandize kasitomala kuwasunga ndikuwafunsa pambuyo pake. Ulalo wopita patsamba lomwe silingasungidwe sikokwanira.

Ngati mulephera mayesowa, kasitomala akhoza kuthetsa mawu a chiganizo ndi chiganizo. Nkhani 6:236 BW imalemba ziganizo zomwe nthawi zonse zimakhala zovuta kwambiri m'mapangano a ogula, ndipo Nkhani 6:237 BW imalemba ziganizo zomwe zimaganiziridwa kuti ndi choncho. Izi zikuphimba, mwachitsanzo, kuchotsedwa kwakukulu kwa udindo, kusintha kwa chinthu chimodzi pa malonda ndi nthawi zosafunikira zodziwitsira.

Mndandandawu sugwira ntchito pa malonda pakati pa mabizinesi. Chifukwa chake ndikofunikira kukhala ndi mawu osiyana kwa ogula ndi makasitomala amalonda. Kulemba mawuwa ndi gawo la upangiri wathu wazamalamulo kwa mabizinesi.

Kodi ufulu wochotsa ntchito umagwira ntchito bwanji?

Kasitomala amene amagula pa intaneti akhoza kusiya mgwirizano mkati mwa masiku 14 popanda kupereka zifukwa. Ngati simunamuuze bwino za ufulu umenewu, nthawiyo imawonjezeredwa ndi miyezi khumi ndi iwiri.

Pa katundu, nthawiyo imayamba tsiku lomwe wogula, kapena munthu wina amene wasankha, walandira katunduyo. Pa mautumiki ndi zinthu za digito, imayamba kuyambira kumapeto kwa mgwirizano. Mutha kuwerenga malamulo okhazikitsidwa mu Buku 6 la Dutch Civil Code.

Kubwerera ndi kubweza

Wogula akangochotsa katundu, ayenera kubweza katunduyo mkati mwa masiku 14. Muyenera kubweza ndalama zonse zomwe mwalandira, kuphatikizapo ndalama zotumizira, mkati mwa masiku 14 kuchokera pamene mwadziwitsidwa za kuchotsa katunduyo. Mutha kudikira ndi kubweza ndalamazo mpaka mutalandira katunduyo kapena ngati kasitomala wasonyeza umboni woti katunduyo watumizidwa.

Wogula amalipira ndalama zobwezera katunduyo pokhapokha ngati mwamuuza pasadakhale. Wogulayo ndiye amene ali ndi udindo pa kutayika kulikonse kwa mtengo komwe kumachitika chifukwa chogwira katunduyo kupitirira zomwe zimafunika kuti atsimikizire mtundu wake ndi makhalidwe ake, monga momwe angachitire m'sitolo.

Ndi zinthu ziti zomwe sizikuphatikizidwa?

Zopatulapo ndi zochepa komanso zodzaza. Zimaphatikizapo katundu wopangidwa molingana ndi zomwe ogula akufuna kapena zomwe zasinthidwa kukhala zaumwini, ndi katundu amene amawonongeka msanga. Katundu wotsekedwa amene sangabwezedwe chifukwa cha thanzi kapena ukhondo akatsegulidwanso sachotsedwanso, monganso mawu ndi makanema otsekedwa ndi mapulogalamu akatsegulidwa, komanso manyuzipepala ndi magazini.

Ntchito zogona, mayendedwe ndi zosangalatsa za tsiku linalake sizilinso ndi ufulu wochotsa zinthu. Momwemonso zinthu za digito zomwe siziperekedwa pa intaneti, ngati kasitomala wavomereza kuti zinthuzo ziperekedwe nthawi yomweyo ndipo wavomereza kuti wataya ufulu wochotsa zinthu. Kupatulapo kumagwira ntchito pokhapokha ngati mwauza kasitomala za izi musanagule.

Kuchotsa ndalama sikofanana ndi chitsimikizo chalamulo

Ufulu wochotsa katundu ndi wosiyana ndi chitsimikizo chalamulo cha kutsatira malamulo. Malinga ndi Buku 7 BW, chinthu chiyenera kukhala ndi katundu amene ogula angayembekezere moyenera. Pogulitsa kwa ogula, cholakwika chomwe chimawonekera mkati mwa chaka chimodzi kuchokera pamene katundu waperekedwa chimaganiziridwa kuti chinalipo panthawi yopereka katundu. Ndiye muli ndi udindo wotsimikizira zosiyana.

Palibe nthawi yokhazikika yotsimikizika yomwe pambuyo pake mumatulutsidwa yokha. Chofunika ndi zomwe kasitomala angayembekezere kuchokera ku chinthucho. Zinthu za digito ndi ntchito za digito zili ndi dongosolo lawo, kuphatikizapo udindo wopereka zosintha malinga ngati kasitomala akuyembekezera moyenera.

Ndi malamulo ati omwe amagwira ntchito pamitengo, kuchotsera ndi ndemanga?

Mitengo iyenera kuphatikizapo VAT ndi ndalama zonse zosapeŵeka. Mukalengeza kuchotsera, muyenera kunena mtengo wotsika kwambiri womwe mudalipira masiku 30 isanafike, ndipo muyenera kufotokoza momwe mumasankhira zotsatira zakusaka komanso ngati mumawona ndemanga.

Misonkho iyi yakhala ikugwiritsidwa ntchito kuyambira pomwe malamulo a ogula a EU adasinthidwa ndikukhazikitsidwa mu malamulo aku Dutch mu 2022. Pa masanjidwe, mumaulula magawo akuluakulu ndi kulemera kwawo, ndipo mumazindikira malo omwe amalipidwa. Kupereka ndemanga zosayang'aniridwa ngati zatsimikiziridwa ndikosocheretsa.

Malamulo awa ali mkati mwa lamulo loletsa machitidwe osalungama amalonda mu Buku 6 BW. Lamulo limenelo limaphatikizapo zochita zosokeretsa, zosiyidwa zosokeretsa ndi machitidwe ankhanza. ACM imatsatira izi ndi zilango ndi malamulo omangirira. Kapangidwe ka tsamba lawebusayiti komwe kamakakamiza ogula kusankha zomwe sakanapanga, monga mauthenga abodza osowa kapena zowonjezera zomwe zasankhidwa kale, zimagwera mkati mwake.

Kodi mukufuna chiyani kuti mukhale achinsinsi, ma cookies ndi mwayi wopezeka mosavuta?

Mukufunika maziko ovomerezeka pakugwiritsa ntchito deta yanu, mawu achinsinsi, mapangano ogwiritsira ntchito ndi chitetezo choyenera. Ma cookies osafunikira amafunika chilolezo choyambirira. Kuyambira pa 28 Juni 2025 njira yanu yoyitanitsa iyeneranso kupezeka kwa anthu olumala.

Motsatira General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), chikalata chanu chachinsinsi chiyenera kufotokoza magulu a deta, zolinga ndi maziko alamulo, olandira, nthawi yosungira deta ndi ufulu wa anthu okhudzidwa. Mukufunika mapangano okonza deta ndi magulu omwe amakonza deta m'malo mwanu, komanso njira zoyenera zachitetezo chaukadaulo ndi bungwe.

Kusamutsa deta yaumwini kunja kwa European Economic Area kumafuna njira imodzi yosamutsira deta ya GDPR. Chindapusa chachikulu cha GDPR, mpaka EUR 20 miliyoni kapena 4 peresenti ya ndalama zomwe zagwiritsidwa ntchito pachaka padziko lonse lapansi, zilizonse zomwe zili zokwera, chimagwira ntchito pakuphwanya mfundo zoyambira ndi ufulu wa anthu omwe ali ndi deta.

Ma cookies: oyang'anira awiri

Ma cookie ali ndi chizolowezi cha ku Dutch. Chofunikira cha chilolezo choyika ndi kuwerenga zambiri pa chipangizo cha wogwiritsa ntchito chili mu Telecommunications Act (Telecommunicatiewet) ndipo chimayang'aniridwa ndi ACM. Kukonza deta yaumwini yosonkhanitsidwa kudzera mu ma cookie amenewo kumagwera pansi pa Dutch Data Protection Authority (Autoriteit Persoonsgegevens).

Chilolezo chiyenera kuperekedwa mwaulere, mwachindunji, modziwitsa komanso mosapita m'mbali (Article 11.7a Telecommunications Act). Bokosi lolembedwa kale, kapena chikwangwani chomwe chimapereka batani lovomereza lokha, sichiyenera. Kukana kuyenera kukhala kosavuta monga kuvomereza. Ma cookie ogwira ntchito komanso ofunikira kwambiri, ndi ma cookie osanthula omwe alibe vuto lililonse pa chinsinsi, safuna chilolezo.

Kupezeka kuyambira pa 28 June 2025

Kuyambira pa 28 Juni 2025, zofunikira zopezera zinthu ku Ulaya, zomwe zakhazikitsidwa mu malamulo aku Dutch, zimagwira ntchito pa ntchito zamalonda apaintaneti. Njira yoyitanitsa, zambiri za malonda ndi ntchito zolipira za shopu yanu yapaintaneti ziyenera kukhala zomveka, zogwira ntchito, zomveka bwino komanso zolimba kwa ogwiritsa ntchito olumala.

Makampani ang'onoang'ono omwe amapereka ntchito, omwe ali ndi antchito osakwana 10 komanso ndalama zomwe amalipira pachaka kapena ndalama zomwe sizingapitirire EUR 2 miliyoni, salipidwa. Udindowu umagwira ntchito pa ntchito zomwe zimaperekedwa kwa ogula ku EU, kulikonse komwe wogulitsa akhazikitsidwa.

Ndi malamulo ati omwe amagwira ntchito pa chitetezo cha zinthu, misika ndi malonda opitilira malire?

Zogulitsa ziyenera kukhala zotetezeka komanso kukhala ndi woyendetsa bwino ku EU, misika iyenera kutsimikizira ogulitsa ake, ndipo mukamayang'ana ogula m'maiko ena a EU chitetezo chawo chofunikira kwa ogula chikupitilizabe kugwira ntchito.

Chitetezo cha malonda

Chitetezo cha malonda chimayang'aniridwa ndi General Product Safety Regulation (GPSR), yomwe yakhala ikugwiritsidwa ntchito kuyambira pa 13 Disembala 2024 ndipo yalowa m'malo mwa malangizo oyambirira. Chogulitsa chomwe chayikidwa pamsika wa EU chiyenera kukhala chotetezeka, ndipo woyendetsa bwino zachuma ayenera kukhazikitsidwa ku EU. Zopereka za pa intaneti ziyenera kuwonetsa umunthu wa woyendetsayo, tsatanetsatane wa chidziwitso cha malonda ndi machenjezo aliwonse musanagule.

GPSR imafunanso kuti munene za ngozi ndikuchita kubweza zinthu m'njira yokhazikika, kuphatikizapo kudziwitsa makasitomala omwe akhudzidwa mwachindunji komwe muli ndi tsatanetsatane wawo. Malamulo a gawo la kuyika chizindikiro, monga kuyika chizindikiro cha CE, akupitilizabe kugwira ntchito pamwamba pake.

Kugulitsa kudzera pamsika

Ogulitsa omwe ali m'misika yapaintaneti nawonso akukhudzidwa ndi Digital Services Act (DSA), yomwe yakhala ikugwira ntchito kuyambira pa 17 February 2024. Mapulatifomu ayenera kusonkhanitsa ndikutsimikizira zambiri zodziwitsa amalonda omwe amawasunga asanawalole kugulitsa. Wogulitsa yemwe sangathe kupereka zambirizo amachotsedwa. Ku Netherlands, ACM imagwira ntchito ngati wogwirizanitsa ntchito zama digito. Momwe malamulowa akukhudzira ntchito za wogulitsayo zafotokozedwa m'nkhani yathu yokhudza Digital Services Act ndi Digital Markets Act.

Kugulitsa kwa ogula kwina kulikonse ku EU

Kugulitsa kwa ogula m'maiko ena a EU kumabweretsa malamulo ena awiri. Lamulo la Geo-blocking Regulation (EU) 2018/302 limaletsa kuletsa kapena kuchepetsa mwayi wolowa patsamba lanu kutengera dziko la kasitomala kapena komwe amakhala. Limaletsanso kutumiza zinthu mwachangu popanda chilolezo komanso zinthu zina zoti munthu alowemo pazifukwa zimenezo. Sizikutanthauza kuti muyenera kutumiza kulikonse, koma simuyenera kukana kasitomala amene watenga katunduyo kapena kukonza mayendedwe ake.

Malinga ndi Article 6 ya Rome I Regulation, ngati muwongolera zochita zanu kwa ogula omwe ali m'dziko lina lomwe lili membala, simungawalepheretse chitetezo chofunikira cha dziko lawo. Malamulo awo am'deralo okhudza kuchotsa katundu, zitsimikizo ndi zinthu zosalungama zikupitilizabe kugwira ntchito limodzi ndi lamulo lomwe mwasankha. Kugulitsa kwa ogula ku United Kingdom kulibe dongosolo la EU ndipo kumafuna upangiri wosiyana.

Kodi madandaulo ndi mikangano zimathetsedwa bwanji?

Simukufunikiranso ulalo wopita ku nsanja yothetsa mikangano ya pa intaneti ya ku Europe, chifukwa idatsekedwa pa 20 Julayi 2025. Ngati mukufuna bungwe lina lothana ndi mikangano, muyenera kuuza ogula kuti ndi liti komanso momwe mungafikire.

Lamulo lomwe lili kumbuyo kwa nsanjayi linathetsedwa ndi Lamulo (EU) 2024/3228. Chotsani maulalo otsala, chifukwa ulalo wopita ku njira yomwe palibenso ndi wosocheretsa.

Ku Netherlands, mikangano yambiri ya ogula yokhudza mawebusayiti imayendetsedwa ndi komiti yotsutsana (geschillencommissie), komwe amalonda ambiri amalumikizana nawo kudzera mu bungwe lazamalonda kapena chizindikiro cha khalidwe, kapena ndi khoti lachigawo (kantonrechter). Khoti lachigawo limamva zodandaula zogula za ogula mosasamala kanthu za kuchuluka kwake, ndipo loya safunikira kumeneko.

Bungwe la ACM silimayankha madandaulo a munthu aliyense payekha. Limakakamiza anthu onse, koma njira yopezera madandaulo imakopa chidwi cha anthu onse. Njira yopezera madandaulo yokhala ndi nthawi yoyankhira yodziwika imakutetezani kwa ogula ndi woyang'anira.

Kodi muyenera kuyang'ana chiyani ngati mwini wa webshop?

Yambani ndi mfundo zomwe zingapangitse kuti mapangano asagwiritsidwe ntchito kapena kukulitsa nthawi yochotsera masiku 14 ndi miyezi khumi ndi iwiri. Kenako pitani ku malamulo omwe ACM ndi Dutch Data Protection Authority amatsatira.

• Dzina lanu, adilesi, imelo adilesi, nambala ya KvK ndi nambala ya VAT zimawonekera kosatha (Article 3:15d BW).
• Zambiri zomwe zaperekedwa pasadakhale pa Article 6:230m BW, kuphatikizapo fomu yochotsera chitsanzo, zatha.
• Batani la oda limanena kuti kuyitanitsa kumatanthauza kulipira, ndipo mawu anu onse akhoza kusungidwa oda isanakwane.
• Kuchotsera kulikonse kumasonyeza mtengo wotsika kwambiri kuposa masiku 30 apitawa, ndipo ndemanga ndi maudindo afotokozedwa.
• Chilolezo cha cookie chimalola kukana mosavuta monga momwe kuvomereza, ndipo mawu anu achinsinsi ndi mapangano ogwiritsira ntchito ndi amakono.
• Zogulitsa zanu zili ndi woyendetsa bwino ku EU pansi pa GPSR, ndipo njira yanu yoyitanitsa ikukwaniritsa malamulo ogwiritsira ntchito kuyambira pa 28 Juni 2025.

Njira yolongosoka yotsatirira malamulo yonse yafotokozedwa m'nkhani yathu yokhudza mitundu ya malamulo . Kulembetsa VAT ndi ndondomeko ya malo amodzi ndi nkhani ya mlangizi wa misonkho.

Kodi tingakuchitireni chiyani ndi malamulo a webshop yanu?

Maloya athu a IT amalangiza ogulitsa pa intaneti ndi nsanja motsatira malamulo a ogula aku Dutch ndi EU.

• Timawunikanso mtengo wanu wogulira, batani la oda, ndi zambiri zanu zisanachitike pangano motsutsana ndi Nkhani 6:230m-6:230v BW.
• Timalemba mawu osiyana kwa ogula ndi makasitomala amalonda, omwe amayesedwa pogwiritsa ntchito Nkhani 6:236 ndi 6:237 BW.
• Timafufuza zambiri zanu zochotsera ndalama ndi fomu yanu yachitsanzo, kotero kuti nthawi ya masiku 14 isawonjezedwe ndi miyezi khumi ndi iwiri.
• Timawunikanso mawu anu achinsinsi, chikwangwani cha ma cookie ndi mapangano ogwiritsira ntchito motsatira GDPR ndi Telecommunications Act.
• Timakuthandizani pa mikangano ndi ogula pamaso pa komiti yotsutsana kapena khoti lachigawo, komanso pakufufuza za ACM.

Chidule

• Onetsani tsatanetsatane wa bizinesi yanu, nambala ya KvK ndi nambala ya VAT kosatha patsamba lanu (Nkhani 3:15d BW).
• Perekani zambiri zonse zomwe zaperekedwa musanayambe mgwirizano ndipo lembani batani la oda ngati cholipira, apo ayi kasitomala sadzakakamizidwa.
• Ogula ali ndi masiku 14 kuti achotse ndalama zawo; ngati simukuwadziwitsa bwino, nthawiyo imawonjezeredwa ndi miyezi khumi ndi iwiri.
• Tchulani mtengo wotsika kwambiri wa masiku 30 apitawa ndi kuchotsera kulikonse, ndipo fotokozani momveka bwino za maudindo ndi ndemanga.
• Chongani chilolezo cha ma cookie, kupezeka kwa zinthu kuyambira pa 28 June 2025 komanso chitetezo cha zinthu pansi pa GPSR.

MAFUNSO OFUNSIDWA KAWIRIKAWIRI