Kutulutsa Katswiri

Timalangiza ogwira ntchito m'mafakitale, makampani opanga mphamvu ndi omwe amaika ndalama zawo pa EU Emissions Trading System (EU ETS) ku Netherlands. Izi zikuphatikizapo zilolezo zotulutsa mpweya, mapulani owunikira, kugawa ndalama zothandizira, zochitika ndi mikangano ndi Dutch Emissions Authority (NEa). Timagwira ntchito mu Chingerezi ndi Chidatchi; gawo loyamba ndi msonkhano waulere woyambitsa momwe timawunikiranso momwe ntchito yanu yokhazikitsa ndi nthawi yomaliza.

Chiwerengero cha makasitomala Law & More 9.6 mwa 10 pa Klantenvertelle, nsanja yowunikira ya ku Dutch (ndemanga 81, kuyambira Okutobala 2026).

Kodi tingakuthandizeni chiyani?

• Mukumanga kapena kukulitsa malo omangira ndipo muyenera kudziwa ngati ali pansi pa EU ETS;
• mukufunika chilolezo chotulutsa mpweya woipa kapena kusintha dongosolo lanu loyang'anira;
• Kugawa kwanu kwaulere kumachepa, mwachitsanzo pambuyo poti kupanga kwatsika;
• NEa yalengeza za kuyendera, lamulo lomwe liyenera kuperekedwa chilango kapena chindapusa;
• Mumagula kapena kugulitsa malo okhazikitsa, kapena malo okhala ndi ogwiritsa ntchito angapo, ndipo ndalama zothandizira ndi gawo la mgwirizano;
• mukufuna kudziwa momwe Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) imakhudzira zinthu zanu kapena unyolo wogulira;
• mukufuna kutsutsa kapena kupempha apilo motsutsana ndi chisankho cha NEa.

Kodi njira yogulitsira mpweya wa EU imagwira ntchito bwanji?

EU ETS imaika malire pa mpweya wonse wowononga chilengedwe womwe umatuluka m'malo otetezedwa, womwe umachepa chaka chilichonse. Pa tani iliyonse ya CO2 yofanana ndi yomwe imatulutsidwa, wogwiritsa ntchito ayenera kupereka ndalama imodzi yochotsera mpweya woipa.

Dongosololi likuchokera pa Directive 2003/87/EC ndipo tsopano lili mu nthawi yake yachinayi yamalonda, 2021 mpaka 2030. Ku Netherlands, likugwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka mu Mutu 16 wa Environmental Management Act (Wet milieubeheer). Dutch Emissions Authority (Nederlandse Emissieautoriteit, NEa) ndiye bungwe loyenerera. Limapereka zilolezo, limavomereza mapulani owunikira ndikukakamiza kuti malamulo azitsatiridwa.

ETS ikukhudza, pakati pa zina, kupanga magetsi ndi kutentha, mafakitale oyeretsera, zitsulo, simenti, mankhwala ndi mafakitale ena omwe amagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zambiri. Kuyika kwa kuyaka komwe kumayendetsedwa ndi kutentha konse kopitilira 20 MW kumagwera pansi pake. Ndege ku Europe ndipo, kuyambira 2024, mayendedwe apanyanja akuphatikizidwanso. Dongosolo losiyana la mafuta omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'nyumba ndi mayendedwe apamsewu (ETS2) likuyambitsidwa; tsiku loyambira kwake lakhala mutu wankhani ya EU.

Ndi dongosolo liti la chilolezo ndi kuwunika komwe mukufuna?

Wogwiritsa ntchito ETS amafunikira chilolezo chotulutsa mpweya woipa kuchokera ku NEa ndi dongosolo lovomerezeka loyang'anira. Popanda chilolezo, simungatulutse mpweya woipa kuchokera ku makinawo.

Dongosolo lowunikira limafotokoza momwe mumayezera kapena kuwerengera mpweya woipa: magwero, mitsinje yochokera, njira zowerengera, zida zoyezera ndi kuchuluka kosatsimikizika. Limatsatira EU Monitoring and Reporting Regulation (Regulation (EU) 2018/2066). Kusintha kwakukulu, monga mafuta atsopano kapena gwero latsopano lotulutsa mpweya, kumafuna kuvomerezedwa pasadakhale kwa dongosolo losinthidwa.

Chilolezo cha ETS ndi chosiyana ndi chilolezo cha chilengedwe motsatira Environment and Planning Act. Tsamba lathu la malamulo okhudza zachilengedwe limakhudza chilolezo chimenecho. Pamene kukhazikitsa kusintha, yang'anani njira zonse ziwiri.

Ndi nthawi ziti zomaliza zapachaka zomwe zimagwira ntchito?

Chaka chilichonse, mumapereka lipoti lotsimikizika la mpweya woipa pofika pa 31 Marichi ndi ndalama zothandizira kupereka mpweya woipa chaka chatha pofika pa 30 Seputembala. Kulephera nthawi yomaliza imeneyi kumabweretsa zilango.

Lipoti la mpweya woipa liyenera kutsimikiziridwa ndi wotsimikizira wodziyimira pawokha wovomerezeka. Konzani kutsimikizirako pasadakhale, chifukwa otsimikizira amakhala otanganidwa mu kotala yoyamba.

Kodi kugawa ndalama zaulere kumagwira ntchito bwanji?

Malo oyikamo zinthu m'magawo omwe ali pachiwopsezo cha kutayikira kwa mpweya amalandira gawo la ndalama zawo kwaulere, kutengera miyezo ya zinthu za EU. Zotsalazo ziyenera kugulidwa, pamalonda kapena pamsika.

Kugawa kwaulere kumawerengedwa pa gawo lililonse la ntchito, kutengera kuchuluka kwa ntchito zakale ndi zizindikiro zomwe zakhazikitsidwa ndi European Commission. Ngati kuchuluka kwa ntchito zanu kukusintha ndi kupitirira 15 peresenti, kugawa kumasinthidwa. Chifukwa chake, zolakwika mu deta yoyambira zimatha kuwononga ndalama zolipirira kwa zaka zambiri.

Pansi pa Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM), kugawa kwaulere kwa magawo monga simenti, chitsulo, aluminiyamu, feteleza ndi haidrojeni kumachotsedwa pang'onopang'ono kuyambira mu 2026. Otumiza katundu kunja amalipira ndalama za CBAM m'malo mwake. Izi zimasintha nkhani ya bizinesi ya makonzedwe ambiri ndi mapangano opereka katundu kwa nthawi yayitali. Tsamba lathu la loya wa mphamvu limakhudza mapangano okhudzana ndi mphamvu.

Kodi chimachitika ndi chiyani ngati simutsatira malamulo?

Munthu amene sapereka ndalama zokwanira panthawi yake amalipira chilango cha mpweya woipa wa ma euro 100 pa tani imodzi ya CO2, yomwe imawerengedwa kuti ndi ya kukwera kwa mitengo. Ndalama zomwe zikusowa ziyenera kuperekedwabe.

Pa milandu ina yophwanya malamulo, NEa ikhoza kupereka lamulo lomwe lingapereke chilango (chomaliza) kapena chindapusa cha oyang'anira. Zitsanzo zake ndi kuyang'anira molakwika kapena kugwira ntchito popanda chilolezo. Musanapange chisankho, nthawi zambiri mumapeza mwayi wopereka maganizo anu. Gwiritsani ntchito: yankho lolembedwa bwino lingathe kuchepetsa kapena kuletsa chilango.

Potsutsa zigamulo za NEa, mutha kupereka chitsutso mkati mwa milungu isanu ndi umodzi kenako n’kukadandaula kukhothi la boma. Buku lathu lotsogolera ku zitsutso za boma ndi apilo likufotokoza njira zomwe zingatsatidwe. Malangizo ovomerezeka afalitsidwa ndi Dutch Emissions Authority.

Zimagwira ntchito bwanji Law & More ntchito?

1. Msonkhano woyamba: mumafotokoza za kukhazikitsa kwanu kapena funso lanu, ndipo timayang'ana nthawi yomaliza ndi zisankho zomwe zikuyembekezeka.
2. Upangiri ndi kuyerekezera mtengo: timayesa zomwe mukuyenera kuchita, zoopsa zanu, ndi zomwe mungasankhe, ndikupereka kuyerekezera mtengo.
3. Njira ndi zokambirana: timalemba zomwe zaperekedwa, malingaliro ndi zigawo za mgwirizano, ndipo timakambirana ndi NEa kapena mabungwe ena.
4. Milandu kapena kumalizidwa: ngati pakufunika, timapereka chitsutso kapena apilo, kapena timamaliza zikalata zochitira malonda.

Kodi maloya ogulitsa utsi woipa amawononga ndalama zingati?

Mtengo wathu wa ola limodzi ndi ma euro 250 mpaka 350 osaphatikiza VAT kwa loya ndi ma euro 300 mpaka 400 osaphatikiza VAT kwa mnzanu. Timakambirana za mtengo ndi kuyerekezera pasadakhale. Msonkhano woyamba ndi waulere. Msonkhano wopereka upangiri kamodzi kokha popanda thandizo lina umawononga ma euro 300 kuphatikiza VAT.

Ndalama zakunja, monga ndalama za khothi, ndalama zotsimikizira ndi akatswiri aukadaulo, zimalipidwa padera. Thandizo la zamalamulo lilipo kudzera mu Legal Aid Board (Raad voor Rechtsbijstand), koma sitigwira ntchito pazifukwa zimenezo.

Ndani akusamalira mlandu wanu?

Nkhani zokhudza malonda a mpweya woipa zimayendetsedwa ndi Tom Meevis , yemwe anayambitsa komanso mnzake woyang'anira, yemwe amayang'anira ntchito yathu ya malamulo a mphamvu. Mutha kuwona gulu lonse patsamba lathu la gulu.

MAFUNSO OFUNSIDWA KAWIRIKAWIRI

Kodi kukhazikitsa kwanga kuli pansi pa EU ETS?

Zimenezo zimadalira ntchito ndi mphamvu. Kuyika kwa magetsi ndi mphamvu yonse yotenthetsera yoposa 20 MW kumaphimbidwa, komanso ntchito zina zamafakitale monga kuyeretsa, chitsulo, simenti ndi mankhwala enaake. Miyezo yalembedwa mu Annex I ya ETS Directive. Gawo loyamba ndi kuyang'ana mphamvu pa kukhazikitsa kulikonse.

Kodi ndalama zothandizira ziyenera kuperekedwa liti?

Ndalama zolipirira mpweya woipa wa chaka cha kalendala ziyenera kuperekedwa pofika pa 30 Seputembala chaka chotsatira. Lipoti lotsimikizika la mpweya woipa liyenera kuperekedwa ku NEa pofika pa 31 Marichi. Ngati mupereka ndalama zochepa kwambiri, mumalipira chilango chowonjezera cha mpweya woipa ndipo muyenerabe kupereka ndalama zomwe zasowa.

Kodi maloya ogulitsa utsi woipa amachita chiyani chomwe katswiri sachita?

Alangizi aukadaulo ndi otsimikizira amasamalira kuyeza ndi kuwerengera. Maloya ogulitsa utsi woipa amalangiza kumbali ya zamalamulo: zilolezo, kukakamiza, zotsutsa ndi apilo, mapangano ndi kugawa ndalama za ETS ndi zoopsa pazochita. Pazokhazikitsa zovuta, maudindo awiriwa amagwira ntchito bwino limodzi.

Kodi ndingatsutse gawo langa laulere?

Inde. Chigamulo chokhudza kugawa kwaulere chikhoza kutsutsidwa kudzera mu kutsutsa ndi apilo motsatira malamulo a boma la Dutch. Mafunso okhudza kuvomerezeka kwa malamulo a kugawa kwa EU akhoza kuperekedwa ku Khoti Lalikulu la European Union kudzera mu umboni woyamba. Nthawi yomaliza ndi yochepa, nthawi zambiri milungu isanu ndi umodzi kuchokera pa chisankhocho.

Kodi chimachitika ndi chiyani ndi ndalama zothandizira pamene malo okhazikitsa agulitsidwa?

Ndalama zolipirira zimasungidwa mu akaunti ya registry, osati yolumikizidwa ndi kukhazikitsa komweko. Chifukwa chake, mgwirizano wogula uyenera kulamulira kusamutsa ndalama zolipirira, ndani amene apereka kwa nthawi iti komanso ndani amene ali ndi ndalamazo. Kusintha kwa woyendetsa kuyeneranso kunenedwa ku NEa, yomwe imayang'anira chilolezocho. Popanda zigawo zomveka bwino, mikangano yokhudza chaka chopereka ndi yofala.

Kodi CBAM imakhudza bwanji bizinesi yanga?

Ngati mutumiza katundu monga chitsulo, aluminiyamu, simenti, feteleza, haidrojeni kapena magetsi ku EU, CBAM imagwira ntchito. Otumiza katundu ayenera kunena za mpweya woipa womwe walowetsedwa ndipo, panthawi yomaliza, azilipira kudzera mu satifiketi ya CBAM. Opanga m'magawo awa amataya gawo lawo laulere pang'onopang'ono, zomwe zimakhudza mitengo ndi mapangano.

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