Monga olemba ntchito ku Netherlands, mungapereke malangizo oyenera okhudza ntchitoyo, ndipo muli ndi maudindo omwe simungavomereze: kulipira malipiro, komanso panthawi ya matenda, kupereka malo otetezeka ogwirira ntchito, kukhala ngati wolemba ntchito wabwino komanso kulemekeza njira yotsekedwa yochotsera ntchito. Chosiyana kwambiri ndi ufulu wanu wophunzitsidwa ndichakuti umakhudza ntchito yokha: sikukulolani kusintha magawo a ntchito omwe mwagwirizana nokha.
Pansipa tikufotokoza za ufulu wanu ndi ntchito zanu, malamulo a ogwira ntchito omwe akuimbidwa foni ndi akatswiri odzilemba ntchito, komanso mfundo zomwe olemba ntchito nthawi zambiri amalakwitsa. Malamulowa ali makamaka mu Buku 7 la Dutch Civil Code (BW), Working Conditions Act (Arbeidsomstandighedenwet) ndipo, ngati ikugwira ntchito, mgwirizano wanu wa ogwira ntchito (cao).
M'ndandanda wazopezekamo
Kodi muli ndi ufulu wotani monga olemba anthu ntchito?
Ufulu wanu waukulu ndi ufulu wophunzitsidwa. Malinga ndi Article 7:660 BW, wantchito ayenera kutsatira malangizo anu okhudza momwe ntchito ikuyendera komanso dongosolo labwino la bizinesi, motsatira malire a lamulo ndi mgwirizano.
Ufulu umenewo sukhudza kusintha malamulo omwe agwirizana. Malinga ndi Article 7:613 BW, mungadalire gawo lolembedwa losintha ngati muli ndi chidwi chachikulu pa kusinthako kotero kuti chidwi cha wantchito chiyenera kuperekedwa. Popanda gawo lotere, mufunika chilolezo cha wantchito, kapena lingaliro loyenera lomwe wantchitoyo angayembekezere kulandira m'mikhalidwe yonse.
Ndi maudindo ati akuluakulu omwe amagwira ntchito kwa wantchito woyamba?
Kuchokera kwa wantchito wanu woyamba, muyenera kulipira malipiro omwe mwagwirizana, kupereka malo otetezeka ogwirira ntchito, kukhala ngati wolemba ntchito wabwino (Nkhani 7:611 BW) ndikudziwitsa wantchitoyo polemba za momwe ntchitoyo ikuyendera. Musanayambe ntchito, mumalembetsa ngati wolemba ntchito ku Tax Administration (Belastingdienst) kuti muchepetse misonkho ya malipiro.
- Malipiro panthawi ya matenda: Pansi pa Nkhani 7:629 BW, mumalipira osachepera 70% ya malipiro anu kwa milungu 104, ndipo m'masabata 52 oyambirira mumalipira osachepera malipiro ochepa omwe amakhazikitsidwa ndi lamulo. Cao yanu ingafunike zambiri.
- Malo ogwirira ntchito otetezeka: Lamulo la Machitidwe Ogwira Ntchito limafuna mndandanda wa zoopsa zomwe zilipo panopa ndi kuwunika (RI&E) ndi dongosolo la zochita, mwayi wopeza dokotala wa kampani, ndi mfundo zokhudza ntchito zokhudzana ndi maganizo monga kuzunzidwa ndi kukakamizidwa kuntchito.
- Chidziwitso cholembedwa: Pansi pa Nkhani 7:655 BW, mupereka tsatanetsatane wofunikira (maphwando, malo ogwirira ntchito, ntchito, tsiku loyambira, malipiro, maola ogwirira ntchito) osapitirira sabata imodzi mutayamba, ndi zina zonse mkati mwa mwezi umodzi.
- Njira yotsekedwa yochotsera ntchito: Panganoli limatha pokhapokha ndi chilolezo cholembedwa cha wantchito, ndi chilolezo chochokera ku Employee Insurance Agency (UWV), kapena ndi chigamulo cha khothi lachigawo (kantonrechter).
- Njira yodziwira anthu omwe akhudzidwa: motsatira Nkhani 2 ya Whistleblowers Protection Act (Wet bescherming klokkenluiders), olemba ntchito omwe nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi antchito 50 kapena kuposerapo ayenera kukhala ndi njira yodziwira mkati mwa kampani.
Cao imakukakamizani ngati ndinu membala wa bungwe la olemba anthu ntchito lomwe linasaina, kapena ngati Nduna yalengeza kuti ndi yokakamiza gawo lanu. Chongani izi musanalembe ntchito, pamodzi ndi thumba lililonse la penshoni la mafakitale.
Kodi chimachitika ndi chiyani ngati machitidwe asiyana ndi mgwirizano?
Kenako lamulo likhoza kuwona maola enieni ngati maola omwe avomerezedwa. Malinga ndi Article 7:610b BW, ntchito ikatha miyezi itatu, nthawi yogwira ntchito yomwe yavomerezedwa pamwezi imaganiziridwa kuti ndi yofanana ndi nthawi yogwira ntchito pamwezi pa miyezi itatu yapitayo.
Chitsanzo chofotokozera: wantchito amene ali ndi mgwirizano wa maola 24 wagwira ntchito maola 32 pa sabata kwa miyezi ingapo kuti akwaniritse ntchito zambiri. Wantchitoyo angadalire ndalama zomwe amalandira, malipiro a tchuthi, ndi ndalama zolipirira penshoni potengera maola 32. Ndiye muli ndi udindo wosonyeza kuti maola owonjezerawo anali akanthawi kochepa kapena apadera. Zolemba zodalirika za nthawi ndiye chitetezo chanu chachikulu.
Kodi ndi liti pamene muyenera kusintha kapena kulemba zosintha pa mgwirizano?
Pamene mfundo kapena lamulo likufunikira. Tebulo limapereka nthawi zazikulu.
| Vutolo | Liti | Udindo wanu | Chiwopsezo ngati simuchitapo kanthu |
|---|---|---|---|
| Wantchito woyimba foni yemwe ali ndi miyezi 12 akugwira ntchito | Pakatha mwezi umodzi kuchokera pa miyezi 12 | Perekani maola okhazikika ofanana ndi avareji ya miyezi 12 yapitayi (Nkhani 7:628a(5) BW) | Pemphani malipiro opitilira maola omwe amayenera kuperekedwa |
| Maola owonjezera a ntchito wamba | Pambuyo pa miyezi itatu | Palibe udindo wopereka, koma lingaliro la Article 7:610b BW likugwira ntchito | Pempho lochokera pa maola ogwirira ntchito okwera |
| Kusintha kwa ntchito | Pa nthawi ya kusintha | Lembani udindo watsopano ndi mawu anu polemba | Mikangano yokhudza ntchito ndi malipiro |
| Pempho losintha maola, malo kapena nthawi yogwirira ntchito | Chisankho cha mwezi umodzi osachepera tsiku lomaliza lopemphedwa | Sankhani mwa kulemba motsatira Flexible Working Act (Wet flexibel werken), olemba ntchito omwe ali ndi antchito khumi kapena kuposerapo | Popanda chisankho cha panthawi yake, kusinthaku kumagwira ntchito monga momwe kwapemphedwera (Nkhani 2(12)) |
| Matenda a nthawi yayitali | Panthawi yobwereranso ku ubwenzi | Perekani ntchito yoyenera, mu bizinesi yanu kapena kwina kulikonse | Chilango cha malipiro kuchokera ku UWV |
Kodi mumagwiritsa ntchito bwanji antchito omwe amalandira chithandizo popanda mavuto?
Imbani antchito omwe akuyenera kuyitanidwa pasadakhale masiku anayi pasadakhale, lipirani kuletsa ntchito mochedwa ndipo perekani maola okhazikika pambuyo pa miyezi 12. Malamulowa ali mu Article 7:628a BW ndipo amagwira ntchito pa mapangano omwe akuyenera kuyitanidwa pasadakhale monga ma kontrakitala a maola osakwana zero ndi ma kontrakitala a osachepera.
- Malinga ndi Article 7:628a(2) BW, wantchito sakuyenera kuyankha foni yoperekedwa pasanathe masiku anayi pasadakhale polemba kapena pakompyuta.
- Ngati muchotsa kapena kusintha kuyimba mkati mwa masiku anayi musanayambe, wantchitoyo amakhala ndi ufulu wolandira malipiro a maola omwe atchulidwa (Nkhani 7:628a(3) BW).
- Cao ingafupikitse nthawi ya masiku anayi, koma osati pansi pa maola 24 (Article 7:628a(4) BW).
- Pa nthawi iliyonse yogwira ntchito yosakwana maola atatu, wantchito woyimbidwayo ali ndi ufulu wolandira malipiro a maola atatu (Nkhani 7:628a(1) BW).
Chitsanzo chofotokozera: wantchito woyimba nthawi zonse wakhala akugwira ntchito maola 18 pa sabata chaka chatha. Kenako muyenera kupereka pangano la maola osachepera 18 pa sabata mkati mwa mwezi umodzi. Wantchitoyo angakane, koma ngati simupereka, wantchitoyo akhoza kupempha malipiro a maola omwe ayenera kuperekedwa.
Kodi kusintha kwa mapangano a pa-call ndi chiyani?
Lamulo lokhudza chitetezo cha ogwira ntchito osinthasintha (Wet meer zekerheid flexwerkers) linavomerezedwa ndi Senate pa 7 Julayi 2026. Limalowetsa mapangano a maola opanda ziro ndi mapangano okhala ndi maola ochepa otsimikizika; gawo lalikulu likuyembekezeka kuyamba kugwira ntchito pa 1 Januwale 2028. Unikani mapangano anu ogwirira ntchito nthawi yayitali isanafike nthawi imeneyo.
Kodi mumapewa bwanji ntchito yabodza yodzilemba nokha ntchito?
Yang'anani momwe ntchitoyo imachitikira, osati pa chizindikiro chomwe chili mu mgwirizano. Ngati mwasankha momwe, komwe ndi nthawi yomwe katswiri wodzilemba ntchito (zzp'er) amagwirira ntchito, ndipo ntchitoyo ili mkati mwa bungwe lanu, ubalewo ukhoza kukhala ntchito motsatira Article 7:610 BW.
Pangano la ntchito lili ndi zinthu zitatu: ntchito yaumwini, malipiro ndi ubale wa ulamuliro (gezagsverhouding). Lamulo la Khothi Lalikulu limafotokoza momveka bwino kuti zochitika zonse zimawerengedwa, kuphatikizapo momwe ntchitoyo imagwirira ntchito m'bungwe lanu komanso ngati katswiriyo amachita ngati wamalonda wodziyimira pawokha. Gomeli likuwonetsa zizindikiro zazikulu.
| muyezo | Mfundo zopezera ntchito | Mfundo zodziyimira pawokha |
|---|---|---|
| Ulamuliro | Mumakhazikitsa momwe ntchitoyo idzachitikire, komwe idzachitikire komanso nthawi yomwe idzagwiridwe | Wopanga mapangano amasankha momwe angakwaniritsire zotsatira zomwe agwirizana |
| Ntchito yaumwini | Kusinthana sikuloledwa kapena sikungatheke m'machitidwe | Wopanga kontrakitala angatumize wina |
| zida | Laputopu ya kampani, foni kapena galimoto | Zida zanu ndi ndalama zanu |
| Entrepreneurship | Palibe chiopsezo cha bizinesi, kasitomala m'modzi | Makasitomala angapo, chiopsezo cha ngongole zoipa, nthawi zina osagwira ntchito |
| Kusindikiza | Gawo la gulu, masiku okhazikika, misonkhano yamkati | Amagwira ntchito kunja kwa bungwe pa pulojekiti inayake |
Kodi zoopsa zokakamiza malamulo ndi ziti?
Kuyambira pa 1 Januwale 2025, bungwe la Tax Administration likukakamizanso malamulo okhudza kudzilemba ntchito zabodza. Ngati lipeza ubale wa ntchito, mungayang'anizane ndi kuyesedwa kwina kwa misonkho ya malipiro ndipo, ngati muli pansi pa thumba la penshoni la mafakitale lokakamiza, zopereka za penshoni; zilango zimatha kuchitika ngati mwachita zinthu mosasamala kapena mosasamala.
Katswiriyo akhozanso kupempha ufulu wa antchito, monga chitetezo chochotsedwa ntchito ndi malipiro odwala. Kuphatikiza apo, Article 7:610aa BW (Stb. 2026, 158) yatsopano ikuyamba kugwira ntchito pa 31 Disembala 2026: munthu wogwira ntchito ku bizinesi pamtengo wa ola limodzi mpaka malire ovomerezeka ndi lamulo akuyembekezeka kugwira ntchito motsatira mgwirizano wa ntchito. Ndalamazo za chaka choyamba zimakhazikitsidwa ndi malamulo a unduna. Kenako muyenera kutsimikizira kuti palibe mgwirizano wa ntchito.
Kodi mumathetsa bwanji mikangano ndi kuchotsedwa ntchito?
Yambani ndi kukambirana, ganizirani zoyankhira, ndipo gwiritsani ntchito njira zovomerezeka pokhapokha ngati pakufunika kutero. Kuchotsedwa ntchito pazachuma ndi kuchotsedwa ntchito pambuyo pa zaka ziwiri za matenda kumachitika kudzera mu UWV; kuchotsedwa ntchito pazifukwa zokhudzana ndi munthuyo, monga kusagwira bwino ntchito kapena kusokonekera kwa ubale wantchito, kumachitika kudzera mu khothi lachigawo.
Ngati muthetsa ntchito mwa mgwirizano, mgwirizano womaliza (vaststellingsovereeenkomst) uyenera kulembedwa. Malinga ndi Article 7:670b BW, wantchito akhoza kuthetsa ntchitoyi popanda kupereka zifukwa mkati mwa masiku 14, ndipo muyenera kutchula zimenezo mu mgwirizano; ngati simutero, nthawiyo ndi milungu itatu.
Nthawi yomaliza ndi yochepa mbali zonse ziwiri. Malinga ndi Nkhani 7:686a(4) BW, pempho ku khoti laling'ono lokhudza kuthetsa vutoli, monga pempho la chipukuta misozi choyenera, nthawi zambiri liyenera kuperekedwa mkati mwa miyezi iwiri mgwirizano utatha; pempho la malipiro osinthira (transitievergoeding) mkati mwa miyezi itatu.
Ndi zikalata ziti zomwe muyenera kusunga kuti zisungidwe bwino?
Fayilo yabwino imasonyeza kuti mumachita zinthu mosamala, zomwe ndizofunikira pakakhala mkangano uliwonse kapena kuyang'aniridwa ndi Netherlands Labour Authority (Nederlandse Arbeidsinspectie).
- Mapangano a ntchito ndi kusintha kulikonse kolembedwa.
- Mapulani owunikira ndi kukonza: kuchotsedwa ntchito chifukwa cha kusagwira bwino ntchito kumafuna njira yolembedwa yokonza.
- Kusapezeka ndi masitepe onse pansi pa Gatekeeper Improvement Act (Wet verbetering poortwachter), kupewa chilango cha malipiro a UWV.
- Zolemba za nthawi, makamaka kwa ogwira ntchito omwe amagwira ntchito nthawi imodzi komanso ogwira ntchito nthawi yochepa omwe amagwira ntchito maola owonjezera.
- RI&E yomwe ilipo pano yokhala ndi dongosolo lochitira zinthu, ndi buku la antchito lomwe lili ndi ndondomeko yanu yofotokozera za matenda ndi malamulo okhudza khalidwe, yoyendetsedwa motsatira GDPR.
Unikaninso mapangano ndi mfundo zosachepera kamodzi pachaka. Kusintha kwa malamulo kumalengezedwa ndi Unduna wa Zachikhalidwe ndi Ntchito ; zitsanzo zaposachedwa ndi lingaliro la ntchito ndi malamulo atsopano ogwirira ntchito.
Kodi muyenera kufufuza chiyani ngati wolemba ntchito?
- Kodi mapangano anu ndi zomwe mwalemba zikugwirizana ndi Article 7:655 BW, ndipo kodi mumazipereka mkati mwa sabata imodzi?
- Kodi maola enieni a ogwira ntchito nthawi yochepa ndi ogwira ntchito pa nthawi yoitana akugwirizana ndi mgwirizano?
- Kodi mwapereka maola okhazikika kwa aliyense wogwira ntchito amene ali ndi miyezi 12 akugwira ntchito?
- Kodi akatswiri anu odzilemba ntchito angapambane mayeso a ulamuliro ndi owonjezera, pambuyo pa 31 Disembala 2026?
- Kodi RI&E yanu ndi yapano, ndipo kodi muli ndi dokotala wa kampani ndipo, kuchokera kwa antchito 50, njira yodziwitsira anthu za ngozi?
Kodi muyenera kuwunika chiyani ngati wantchito?
- Kodi munalandira chidziwitso cholembedwa chokhudza ntchito yanu, malipiro anu ndi maola anu mkati mwa sabata imodzi mutayamba?
- Kodi mwagwira ntchito maola ambiri kuposa omwe munagwirizana kwa miyezi itatu kapena kuposerapo?
- Monga wantchito woyimba foni, kodi munalandira mwayi wopeza maola okhazikika patatha miyezi 12?
- Kodi kusintha komwe kukuyembekezeredwa pa nthawi yanu kukukhudzidwa ndi gawo lolembedwa losintha, ndipo kodi chidwi cha olemba ntchito ndi chachikulu mokwanira?
- Ngati mwasaina pangano lothetsa mgwirizano, lembani masiku 14 kuti muthetse mgwirizanowo.
Kodi tingakuchitireni chiyani ndi maudindo anu monga olemba ntchito?
Maloya athu olembera ntchito amalangiza olemba ntchito pa mapangano, antchito osinthasintha, akatswiri odzilemba ntchito, matenda ndi kuchotsedwa ntchito.
- Timawunikanso ma tempuleti anu a mgwirizano wa ntchito ndi zambiri zolembedwa motsutsana ndi Nkhani 7:655 ndi 7:628a BW.
- Tikuwunikira mapangano anu ndi akatswiri odzilemba ntchito musanayambe ntchito pa 31 Disembala 2026.
- Timawerengera ndalama zomwe antchito omwe amagwira ntchito pa nthawi yogwira ntchito amapatsidwa ndipo timalemba zomwe akufuna.
- Tikuwunikiranso kusintha kwa malamulo komwe kwaperekedwa motsutsana ndi Article 7:613 BW ndikulemba lingaliro kwa antchito anu.
- Timalemba mapangano othetsera mavuto ndikuchita njira zochotsera anthu ku UWV ndi khoti lachigawo.
Chidule
- Mungapereke malangizo okhudza ntchitoyo (Nkhani 7:660 BW), koma simungasinthe zinthu zomwe mwagwirizana nokha popanda chiganizo cholembedwa ndi chidwi chachikulu (Nkhani 7:613 BW) kapena lingaliro loyenera.
- Ntchito zazikulu: malipiro, kuphatikizapo 70% kwa milungu 104 ya matenda, malo otetezeka ogwirira ntchito, ntchito yabwino, zolemba mkati mwa sabata imodzi, ndi njira yotsekedwa yochotsera ntchito.
- Ogwira ntchito omwe akubwera: chidziwitso cha masiku anayi, malipiro a kuletsa ntchito mochedwa, chopereka cha maola okhazikika pambuyo pa miyezi 12; malamulo atsopano akuyembekezeka kuyambira pa 1 Januwale 2028.
- Kudzilemba ntchito zabodza kwakhala kukugwiritsidwanso ntchito kuyambira mu 2025, ndipo lamulo lovomerezeka likugwira ntchito kuyambira pa 31 Disembala 2026.
MAFUNSO OFUNSIDWA KAWIRIKAWIRI
Kodi ndingathe kusintha maola ogwira ntchito kapena malipiro a wantchito ndekha?
Pokhapokha mkati mwa malire ochepa. Malinga ndi Article 7:613 BW mufunika gawo lolembedwa losintha mgwirizano ndi chidwi chachikulu kotero kuti chidwi cha wantchito chiyenera kuperekedwa. Apo ayi mufunika chilolezo cha wantchito kapena lingaliro loyenera lomwe wantchito angayembekezere kulandira.
Kodi ndiyenera kulipira malipiro a wantchito wodwala kwa nthawi yayitali bwanji?
Mpaka masabata 104. Malinga ndi Nkhani 7:629 BW mumalipira osachepera 70% ya malipiro, ndipo m'masabata 52 oyambirira mumalipira osachepera malipiro ochepa omwe amakhazikitsidwa ndi lamulo. Ma cao ambiri amafuna kuchuluka kwakukulu.
Kodi ndi liti pamene ndiyenera kupereka maola okhazikika kwa wantchito woyimba foni?
Ngati mgwirizano wa pa call watha miyezi 12. Mkati mwa mwezi umodzi, mupereka mwa kulemba kapena pakompyuta maola okhazikika ofanana ndi avareji ya miyezi 12 imeneyo (Nkhani 7:628a(5) BW).
Kodi kuganiziridwa kuti anthu ogwira ntchito paokha ndi omwe ayenera kugwira ntchito kuyambira liti?
Kuyambira pa 31 Disembala 2026. Munthu amene amagwira ntchito ku bizinesi pa ola limodzi mpaka kufika pa mlingo wovomerezeka ndi lamulo ndiye kuti akuganiziridwa kuti ndi wantchito (Nkhani 7:610aa BW). Muyeso wa chaka choyamba umakhazikitsidwa ndi malamulo a unduna.
