Lamulo la ntchito Eindhoven nkhani kwa olemba ntchito ndi antchito onse m'derali. Mikangano ya ntchito ndi imodzi mwa nkhani zamalamulo zomwe zimafala kwambiri ku Netherlands - komanso pakati pa zomwe anthu ambiri sazimvetsa. Ogwira ntchito nthawi zambiri sadziwa zomwe ali nazo akachotsedwa ntchito. Olemba ntchito nthawi zambiri amanyalanyaza zofunikira pa njira yothetsera pangano. Magulu onsewa nthawi zonse amapatsidwa zikalata - mgwirizano wothetsa mgwirizano, gawo lopanda mpikisano, kalata yochotsa ntchito - zomwe amasaina osamvetsetsa bwino zotsatira zake.
Nkhaniyi ikufotokoza mfundo yaikulu ya lamulo la ntchito ku Netherlands monga momwe likugwirira ntchito mu Eindhoven ndi dera lonse la Noord-Brabant, la antchito ndi olemba anthu ntchito. Limafotokoza za ufulu, maudindo, ndi njira zofunika - komanso limafotokoza komwe zoopsa zenizeni zimasonkhana.
Kodi lamulo la ntchito ku Netherlands limagwira ntchito liti?
Lamulo la ntchito ku Netherlands limayang'aniridwa makamaka ndi Buku 7 la Burgerlijk Wetboek, lowonjezeredwa ndi mapangano a ntchito zamagulu (CAOs), Wet werk en zekerheid (WWZ), ndi malangizo aku Europe omwe asinthidwa kukhala lamulo la ku Netherlands. Kawirikawiri, lamulo la ntchito ku Netherlands limagwira ntchito pamene ntchito ikuchitika makamaka ku Netherlands - mosasamala kanthu komwe olemba ntchito adalembetsedwa kapena komwe panganolo linasainidwa. Kwa ogwira ntchito ochokera kumayiko ena ndi olemba ntchito ochokera kumayiko ena, izi sizimawonekera nthawi zonse, ndipo yankho lolondola limadalira zenizeni za mkhalidwe uliwonse. Izi zikukambidwa mozama mu gawo lonena za ogwira ntchito ochokera kumayiko ena pansipa.
Kwa ogwira ntchito: ufulu wofunikira pansi pa lamulo la ntchito ku Netherlands
Chitetezo ku kuchotsedwa ntchito
Lamulo la ku Netherlands sililola ntchito yongofuna. Bwana sangachotse wantchito popanda chifukwa chovomerezeka mwalamulo, ndipo nthawi zambiri, popanda chilolezo chochokera ku UWV (boma ladziko lonse lolemba anthu ntchito) kapena khoti la cantonal. Zifukwa zovomerezeka mwalamulo zochotsera ntchito zafotokozedwa mu Burgerlijk Wetboek ndipo zikuphatikizapo, pakati pa zina:
- Zifukwa zachuma kapena bizinesi - kukonzanso kapena kuchotsedwa ntchito chifukwa cha kusintha kwa mikhalidwe ya bizinesi.
- Matenda a nthawi yayitali - patatha zaka ziwiri za tchuthi chodwala chosalekeza.
- Kusagwira bwino ntchito (disfunctioneren) - koma pokhapokha ngati pali njira yolembera yokonza zinthu. Popanda zikalata zokwanira, kuchotsedwa pachifukwa ichi nthawi zambiri sikungapitirire kufufuzidwa ndi khoti.
- Kulakwa kwakukulu (verwijtbaar handlen).
- Ubale wowonongeka kosasinthika (verstoorde arbeidsrelatie).
Mfundo iliyonse ili ndi zofunikira zake pa ndondomeko, ndipo zomwe zimawerengedwa ngati umboni wokwanira zimadalira zochitika zinazake. Lamulo la ntchito limagwira ntchito mopanda nzeru kwambiri - zotsatira za kuchotsedwa ntchito komwe kulipo nthawi zambiri zimayang'ana tsatanetsatane wa zikalata, nthawi, ndi njira zomwe zagwiridwa.
Malipiro osinthira (transitievergoeding)
Kuyambira mu 2020, wantchito amene mgwirizano wake watha ndi bwana wake, kwenikweni, ali ndi ufulu wolandira malipiro osintha malinga ndi lamulo, mosasamala kanthu za nthawi ya utumiki wake kapena chifukwa chochotsera ntchito. Kuwerengera kovomerezeka ndi gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a malipiro onse pamwezi pachaka cha utumiki. Malipiro osintha amafunikanso makamaka ngati mgwirizano wa nthawi yokhazikika sunakonzedwenso ndi bwanayo. Kuwerengera kolondola ndi zina zilizonse zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito zimadalira zenizeni; kuchuluka kwa malipiro osinthidwa malinga ndi lamulo kumasinthidwa chaka chilichonse.
Mawu osapikisana (mogwirizana)
Malamulo osapikisana ndi ofala m'mapangano a ntchito ku Netherlands, koma kukakamiza kwawo kumakhala kocheperako malinga ndi malamulo ndi machitidwe a khothi. Mfundo zingapo zofunika:
- Mu mapangano a nthawi yosatha, gawo lolembedwa lopanda mpikisano limakhala lovomerezeka ngati wantchitoyo ali ndi zaka 18 kapena kuposerapo.
- Mu mapangano a nthawi yokhazikika, gawo lopanda mpikisano limakhala lovomerezeka pokhapokha ngati likuphatikizidwa ndi zifukwa zolembedwa za zofuna zazikulu za bizinesi (zwaarwegend bedrijfsbelang). Popanda chifukwa chimenecho, gawoli silingagwire ntchito.
- Makhothi nthawi zambiri amachepetsa kukula, kufikira kwa malo, kapena nthawi ya zigawo zosapikisana zomwe amaziona kuti ndizosalingana.
Antchito asanasiye ntchito yawo chifukwa cha lamulo loletsa mpikisano, ayenera kulangizidwa kuti akapeze uphungu wa zamalamulo. Kuphwanya lamulo lokakamiza kungapangitse kuti pakhale chilango chachikulu.
Malipiro akudwala ndi tchuthi chodwala (loondoorbetaling bij ziekte)
Lamulo la ku Netherlands limafuna kuti olemba ntchito apitirize kulipira malipiro a wantchito wodwala kwa zaka ziwiri. Ndalama zochepa zomwe zimakhazikitsidwa ndi lamulo ndi 70% ya malipiro omwe adapezedwa komaliza, ngakhale kuti chaka choyamba nthawi zambiri chimatsimikizika pa 100% ndi CAO kapena mgwirizano. Panthawiyi, magulu onse awiri ayenera kugwirizana poyesa kubwezeretsa anthu m'gulu lawo pansi pa Wet verbetering poortwachter. Ogwira ntchito omwe akukhulupirira kuti abwana awo akulephera kukwaniritsa maudindo awa - kapena omwe akukayikira kuti matenda akugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chifukwa chochotsera ntchito - akhoza kukanena ku UWV ndipo, ngati kuli koyenera, apititse patsogolo zopempha zawo kukhoti la cantonal.
Malipiro ndi zopempha za malipiro
Malipiro osalipidwa, ndalama zolipirira tchuthi (vakantiegeld), ndi malipiro a tsiku la tchuthi omwe amawonjezeka ndi zomwe ziyenera kukakamizidwa. Khothi la cantonal limasamalira mikangano ya malipiro mwachangu, ndipo antchito omwe amapambana nthawi zambiri amapatsidwa chiwongola dzanja chovomerezeka ndi boma pa malipiro ochedwa.
Kwa olemba ntchito: maudindo ofunikira pansi pa lamulo la ntchito ku Netherlands
Zofunikira pa mgwirizano wa ntchito
Malamulo aku Dutch amafuna mapangano olemba ntchito. Kuyambira mu Ogasiti 2022, EU Directive 2019/1152 yokhudza mikhalidwe yogwirira ntchito yowonekera bwino komanso yodziwikiratu imafuna olemba ntchito kupereka zambiri zolembedwa zokhudza mikhalidwe yogwirira ntchito - kuphatikizapo malo ogwirira ntchito, nthawi yoyeserera, CAO yoyenera, ufulu wophunzitsidwa, ndi nthawi zodziwitsa - mkati mwa tsiku loyamba la ntchito. Mapangano a nthawi yokhazikika amatha kumangidwa katatu kwa nthawi yonse ya zaka zitatu. Pambuyo pa mgwirizano wachitatu kapena patatha zaka zitatu, chilichonse chomwe chimabwera poyamba, ubale wantchito umakhala wosakhazikika pogwiritsa ntchito lamulo (ketenregeling).
Mapangano a ogwira ntchito pamodzi (CAO)
Magawo ambiri ku Netherlands amagwira ntchito motsatira CAO yomwe imakhazikitsa mikhalidwe yofunikira yogwirira ntchito: malipiro, maola ogwira ntchito, tchuthi chowonjezera, ndi zina zambiri. Pamene CAO ikugwira ntchito ku gawo la kampani, miyezo yake yocheperako imakhala yokakamiza ngakhale pangano la ntchito la munthu aliyense silikunena za izo. Olemba ntchito mu Eindhoven ndipo dera la Noord-Brabant nthawi zambiri limagwira ntchito motsatira malamulo a CAO okhudza kupanga zinthu, ukadaulo, kayendetsedwe ka zinthu, ndi ntchito zaukadaulo. Kusadziwa kuti CAO ikugwira ntchito si chitetezo ku mlandu.
Njira zochotsera anthu zinafotokozedwa
Dziko la Netherlands limagwiritsa ntchito njira ziwiri zochotsera ntchito zomwe ndi zapadera ku Europe. Njira yomwe olemba ntchito ayenera kutsatira imadalira chifukwa chochotsera ntchito. Kugwiritsa ntchito njira yolakwika kungapangitse kuti kuchotsa ntchito kuchedwe, ndichifukwa chake kusankha njira yoyenera kuyambira pachiyambi ndikofunikira kwambiri.
Ndondomeko ya UWV - Yofunikira pakuchotsa ntchito ndi kuchotsedwa ntchito pazachuma pambuyo pa zaka ziwiri za matenda a nthawi yayitali. UWV ikuwunikanso zifukwa, njira yosankhira kuchotsedwa ntchito (afspiegelingsbeginsel), ndi zikalata zothandizira. Chilolezo chake (ontslagvergunning) ndi chofunikira pangano lisanathe.
Cantonal court (kantonrechter) – Amafunika kuchotsedwa ntchito pazifukwa zaumwini: kusagwira bwino ntchito, khalidwe loipa kwambiri, kapena kusokonekera kwa ubale wantchito. Bwana amapempha kuti athetse ntchito (ontbindingsverzoek) ndipo khoti limafufuza ngati zifukwazo zili zotsimikizika komanso ngati njira yoyenera inatsatiridwa. Khoti la cantonal ku 's-Hertogenbosch limasamalira nkhani za ntchito kuchokera ku Eindhoven.
Kuchotsedwa ntchito nthawi yomweyo (ontslag op staande voet) – Kokha kololedwa pazifukwa zadzidzidzi (dringende reden): khalidwe loipa kwambiri lomwe limapangitsa kuti kupitiriza ntchito kusakhale kovomerezeka nthawi yomweyo. Choletsa chilipo: zifukwa ziyenera kukhala zenizeni komanso zolembedwa, ndipo kuchotsedwa ntchito kuyenera kuchitika nthawi yomweyo akangopezeka. Kuchotsedwa ntchito molakwika nthawi yomweyo kungapangitse olemba ntchito kudandaula za malipiro ndi kuwonongeka komwe kwatayika.
Olemba ntchito ayeneranso kupatsa antchito chidziwitso cholembedwa (aanzegging) mwezi umodzi osachepera mgwirizano wa nthawi yokhazikika usanathe ngati sudzakonzedwanso. Kulephera kutero kumabweretsa udindo pa malipiro a mwezi umodzi (aanzegvergoeding).
Tchuthi cha kudwala ndi kubwezeretsedwanso m'gulu
Udindo wa zaka ziwiri wa malipiro a odwala ndi chimodzi mwa zinthu zofunika kwambiri pa lamulo la ntchito ku Netherlands kwa olemba ntchito. Panthawiyi, olemba ntchito ndi antchito onse ayenera kugwirizana molimbika mu ndondomeko yokonzanso anthu m'malo mwa anzawo pansi pa Wet verbetering poortwachter. Izi zimaphatikizapo kusanthula mavuto (probleemanalyse), dongosolo la zochita, kuwunika kwakanthawi, komanso lipoti lokonzanso anthu m'malo mwa anzawo. Kulephera kwa olemba ntchito kutsatira maudindowa kungapangitse kuti UWV iwonjezere udindo wolipira malipiro kupitirira zaka ziwiri - chilango chomwe chimabweretsa mavuto azachuma. Antchito omwe akukakamizidwa panthawi ya tchuthi chodwala, kapena omwe akukhulupirira kuti maudindo obwezeretsanso anthu m'malo mwa anzawo sakukwaniritsidwa, ali ndi njira zotsatirira malamulo kudzera mu UWV.
Malangizo othandiza musanasainire VSO kapena osapikisana
Zikalata ziwiri zomwe antchito amapemphedwa kuti asayine nthawi zonse popanda kuunikanso mokwanira ndi pangano lothetsa mavuto (vasttellingsovereeenkomst, VSO) ndi gawo losapikisana. Zonsezi zitha kukhala ndi zotsatirapo zokhalitsa.
VSO ndi mgwirizano wothetsa ntchito womwe umathetsa ubale wa ntchito mwa chilolezo. Kusaina kumatanthauza kusiya ufulu wotsutsa kuchotsedwa ntchito kukhothi. Posinthana, wantchito nthawi zambiri amalandira malipiro osinthira ndi zomwe agwirizana pa tsiku lomaliza ntchito, maumboni, ndi chinsinsi. Lamulo la ku Dutch limapereka nthawi yokhazikika ya masiku 14 pambuyo posaina pomwe wantchito amatha kuchotsa chilolezo popanda kupereka zifukwa. Nthawiyi ilipo kuti ilole kuti malamulo awunikenso - ndipo iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito.
Chiganizo chosapikisana chomwe chaperekedwa kumayambiriro kwa ntchito chimanyalanyazidwa mosavuta. Zotsatira zake zimakhala zofunikira pokhapokha ngati wantchito akufuna kusintha ntchito - nthawi zambiri patatha zaka zambiri. Kaya chiganizocho chikugwira ntchito, kuchuluka kwake kuli kotani, komanso ngati khothi lingachichepetse ndi mafunso omwe loya wa ntchito angayang'ane chiganizocho chisanakhale vuto.
Ogwira ntchito padziko lonse lapansi Eindhoven
EindhovenGawo la ukadaulo la 's - lomwe limayang'ana kwambiri pa ASML, NXP, DAF, ndi gulu lalikulu la ogulitsa ndi makampani apamwamba - limagwiritsa ntchito chiwerengero chachikulu komanso chokulirapo cha ogwira ntchito ochokera kumayiko ena. Kwa gululi, komanso kwa olemba ntchito ochokera kumayiko ena omwe amawalemba ntchito, mafunso angapo amabuka motsatira lamulo la ntchito ku Netherlands.
- Ndi lamulo la dziko liti lomwe likugwira ntchito? Pamene ntchito ikuchitika makamaka ku Netherlands, lamulo la ntchito ku Netherlands nthawi zambiri limagwira ntchito - mosasamala kanthu za dziko la olemba ntchito lomwe linalembetsedwa kapena dziko lomwe panganolo linasainidwa. Yankho lolondola limadalira momwe zinthu zilili, ndipo upangiri wa zamalamulo umalimbikitsidwa ngati pali kukayikira kulikonse.
- Ogwira ntchito (gedetacheerden): Ogwira ntchito ochokera kumayiko ena omwe atumizidwa ku Netherlands ndi olemba ntchito ochokera kumayiko ena ayenera kulandira zikhalidwe zochepa zogwirira ntchito ku Netherlands panthawi yogwira ntchito yawo, mosasamala kanthu za zomwe pangano lawo la dziko lawo limapereka.
- Chilankhulo cha zochitika: Milandu ya khothi la Cantonal imachitika mu Chidatchi. Ogwira ntchito ochokera kumayiko ena omwe akufunafuna ntchito amafunika kuimiridwa ndi loya wa ntchito ku Netherlands - osati mlangizi wa ntchito kapena mlangizi wa HR.
Momwe tingathandizire
Law & More ndi kampani ya zamalamulo ku Netherlands yokhala ndi maofesi ku Eindhoven (Marconilaan 13) ndi AmsterdamGulu la malamulo okhudza ntchito limalangiza antchito ndi olemba ntchito onse mu Chidatchi ndi Chingerezi pankhani zonse zokhudza malamulo okhudza ntchito ku Chidatchi.
Kwa antchito
- Kuwunika ndi kukambirana za mapangano othetsa ntchito ndi kuthetsa mavuto (VSO).
- Malipiro osinthira ndi zopempha zina zowonjezera.
- Mikangano ya mfundo zosagwirizana ndi mpikisano.
- Malipiro osalipidwa, ndalama zolipirira tchuthi, ndi mikangano ya mgwirizano.
- Mikangano ya malipiro a matenda ndi kubwezeretsedwa kwa anthu m'dziko lina.
- Ndondomeko yachidule (kort geding) pa nkhani zachangu pantchito.
Kwa olemba ntchito
- Kulemba ndikuwunikanso mapangano a ntchito ndi kutsatira malamulo a CAO.
- Ndondomeko zochotsera munthu m'ndende kudzera mu UWV ndi khoti la cantonal.
- Njira zoperekera chilango ndi zolemba.
- Kukonzanso ndi kuchotsedwanso kwapagulu (collectief ontslag).
- Malangizo okhudza ntchito kwa makampani apadziko lonse omwe akugwira ntchito ku Netherlands.
Law & More Mutha kufikako maola 24 pa sabata pa +31 40 369 06 80 kapena kudzera pa imelo pa info@lawandmore.nl.
MAFUNSO OFUNSIDWA KAWIRIKAWIRI
Kodi olemba ntchito ku Netherlands angachotse wantchito popanda chifukwa?
Ayi. Pamafunika chifukwa chovomerezeka mwalamulo, ndipo nthawi zambiri chilolezo choyambirira kuchokera ku UWV kapena khoti la cantonal ndi chofunikira. Kuchotsedwa ntchito mwakufuna kwanu sikupezeka m'malamulo a ntchito aku Netherlands.
Ndalandira pangano lothetsa mavuto. Kodi ndiyenera kusaina?
Ayi. VSO imafuna chilolezo chanu. Muli ndi ufulu wopatsidwa masiku 14 kuti muganizirenso mutasaina. Musanasainire, pemphani loya wa ntchito kuti ayang'anenso mgwirizanowu; mfundo zake, kuphatikizapo ndalama zolipirira kusintha, tsiku lotha ntchito, ndi ziganizo zilizonse zachinsinsi kapena zosanyoza, nthawi zambiri zimatha kukambidwa.
Kodi malipiro osinthira amawerengedwa bwanji?
Maziko a lamulo ndi gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a malipiro onse pamwezi pachaka chautumiki, ndi ndalama zofananira za zaka zochepa. Palibe nthawi yocheperako yautumiki. Nthawi yocheperako yalamulo imasinthidwa chaka chilichonse, ndipo kuwerengera kolondola kungadalire zenizeni za mlanduwo.
Bwana wanga akufuna kuti ndiphatikizepo gawo losapikisana mu mgwirizano wanga. Kodi ndiyenera kuyang'ana chiyani?
Chongani kuchuluka kwa ntchito (zomwe zili zoletsedwa), malo omwe bizinesi ikuyendera, ndi nthawi yomwe ikugwira ntchito. Mu mgwirizano wa nthawi yokhazikika, onetsetsaninso ngati pali zifukwa zolembedwa zokhuza bizinesi zazikulu; popanda izi, gawoli silingagwire ntchito. Makhothi nthawi zonse amachepetsa magawo omwe ndi okulirapo kuposa momwe amafunikira kuti ateteze gawo lovomerezeka la bizinesi.
Kodi lamulo la ntchito ku Netherlands limagwira ntchito ngati abwana anga ali kunja kwa dziko?
Kawirikawiri inde, ngati mumagwira ntchito makamaka ku Netherlands, koma yankho lenileni limadalira zenizeni za momwe zinthu zilili. Dziko lomwe abwana anu adalembetsa ntchito komanso dziko lomwe pangano lanu linasainidwa sizomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale chisankho.
Kodi pali kusiyana kotani pakati pa njira ya UWV ndi njira ya khothi la cantonal?
Njira ya UWV imagwira ntchito pa kuchotsedwa ntchito kwachuma ndi kuchotsedwa ntchito pambuyo pa matenda a nthawi yayitali. Njira ya khothi la cantonal imagwiranso ntchito pa kuchotsedwa ntchito pazifukwa zaumwini: kusagwira bwino ntchito, chizolowezi chachikulu, komanso kusokonekera kwa ubale wantchito. Kugwiritsa ntchito njira yolakwika kungapangitse kuti kuchotsedwa ntchito kuthetsedwe.
