Lamulo la ntchito ku Netherlands limasintha mofulumira kawiri, ndipo kuwasokoneza n’kokwera mtengo. Kusintha komwe kwaperekedwa ndi nyumba yamalamulo sikuli lamulo: malamulo ambiri okhudza ntchito ku Netherlands amayamba kugwira ntchito pa tsiku lokhazikitsidwa ndi lamulo lachifumu, nthawi zina lamulo ndi lamulo, ndipo mpaka lamulolo litasindikizidwa mu Staatsblad malamulo akale akupitirizabe kugwira ntchito mokwanira. Chidule ichi chikusiyanitsa zomwe zili kale zomangirira olemba ntchito masiku ano ndi zomwe zavomerezedwa koma zikudikirabe, komanso zomwe zili lamulo chabe.
Momwe kusintha kwa lamulo la ntchito ku Netherlands kumayambira
Lamulo limadutsa Tweede Kamer, kenako Eerste Kamer, kenako limasindikizidwa mu Staatsblad. Kufalitsa si kuyamba kwa ntchito. Pafupifupi lamulo lililonse laposachedwa la ntchito limasiya tsiku loyambira ntchito ku lamulo lachifumu, lomwe limalola boma kugawa maudindo ndikupatsa olemba ntchito nthawi yoti asinthe. Ichi ndichifukwa chake kulengeza kusintha nthawi zambiri kumafalikira chaka chimodzi kapena kuposerapo chilichonse chisanayambe kugwira ntchito, ndipo chifukwa chake mapangano olembedwa motsutsana ndi boma lomwe silinayambe angapangitse maudindo omwe olemba ntchito sanaganizirepo.
Magawo ena awiri ali pamwamba pa lamuloli. Lamulo losinthira limasankha dongosolo lomwe limalamulira pangano lomwe linasainidwa lisanayambe, ndipo nthawi zambiri limakhala lopatsa kwambiri makonzedwe omwe alipo kuposa momwe olemba ntchito amaganizira. Ndipo mgwirizano wapagulu ukhoza kusiyana ndi lamulo lalikulu la ntchito pomwe lamulolo limalola, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti kwa olemba ntchito ambiri lamulo logwira ntchito silili mu Civil Code koma mu mgwirizano wa gawo. Aliyense wowunika momwe kusinthaku kungakhudzire ayenera kuwerenga awiriwa asanalembenso chilichonse. Dongosolo lonse lafotokozedwa mu kalozera wathu wa lamulo la ntchito ku Netherlands.
Zosintha zomwe zikugwira ntchito kale
Lamulo la Zoyenera Kugwira Ntchito Lowonekera Bwino Lakhala Likugwira Ntchito Kuyambira mu Ogasiti 2022 ndipo likadali kusintha komwe olemba ntchito nthawi zambiri amanyalanyaza. Limafuna olemba ntchito kuti adziwitse antchito za mndandanda wautali wa nthawi zomwe amapatsidwa, limapangitsa kuti maphunziro omwe ndi ofunikira mwalamulo kapena mogwirizana ndi mgwirizano wa onse akhale aulere kwa antchito ndipo amawerengedwa ngati nthawi yogwira ntchito, ndipo limaletsa gawo loletsa ntchito yachiwiri pokhapokha ngati olemba ntchito anganene chifukwa chenicheni. Zigawo za ndalama zophunzirira zomwe zinali zokhazikika tsiku limenelo nthawi zambiri sizingagwiritsidwe ntchito tsopano.
Tchuthi cholipidwa cha makolo chakhala chikugwiritsidwanso ntchito kuyambira mu Ogasiti 2022: m'chaka choyamba cha moyo wa mwana, gawo la tchuthi cha makolo limalipidwa ndi UWV pa gawo lovomerezeka la malipiro a tsiku ndi tsiku, malinga ndi malipiro apamwamba a tsiku ndi tsiku. Lamulo la Chitetezo cha Olemba Nkhani lakhala likugwira ntchito kuyambira pa 18 February 2023, lomwe limakakamiza olemba ntchito omwe ali ndi antchito osachepera makumi asanu kuti agwiritse ntchito njira yolankhulirana mkati ndikuchepetsa udindo wopereka umboni pamene mtolankhani akuvutika; olemba ntchito achinsinsi omwe ali ndi antchito makumi asanu mpaka mazana awiri mphambu makumi anayi ndi asanu ndi anayi adayenera kutsatira kuyambira pa 17 December 2023. Kuyimitsidwa kokakamiza kuwunika ubale wantchito kunatha pa 1 January 2025, kotero Tax Administration ikhoza kuchitapo kanthu motsutsana ndi kudzilemba ntchito zabodza; komwe malire alembedwa m'nkhani yathu yonena za nthawi yomwe kontrakitala amakhala wantchito . Ndipo phindu la malipiro kwa antchito okalamba linathetsedwa pa 1 January 2026, ndipo ufulu wosinthira ukugwira ntchito mpaka 1 January 2027 kwa antchito omwe adayamba asanafike 1 January 2024.
Chinthu chimodzi chomwe sichinachitike ndi choyenera kulembedwa, chifukwa chimabwerezedwa nthawi zonse: palibe ufulu wovomerezeka wogwirira ntchito kunyumba. Lamulo lomwe likanapanga lamuloli linakanidwa ndi Eerste Kamer, kotero pempho losintha malo ogwirira ntchito likuwunikidwabe motsatira Flexible Working Act, yomwe imalimbikitsa olemba ntchito kuganizira pempho ndikupereka zifukwa zokanira, koma imasiya chisankho cha malo ogwirira ntchito ndi olemba ntchito.
Anatengedwa, koma akuyembekezera lamulo lachifumu
Malamulo atatu atha kuperekedwa kudzera mu nyumba yamalamulo koma sakugwiritsidwa ntchito, ndipo onse atatuwa akukhudza ntchito yosinthasintha. Wet meer zekerheid flexwerkers idavomerezedwa ndi Tweede Kamer pa 12 Meyi 2026 ndi Eerste Kamer pa 7 Julayi 2026. Izi zasiya kuwerengera kwa mapangano atatu okhazikika m'miyezi makumi atatu ndi isanu ndi umodzi koma zikusintha kusokonekera kwa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi komwe kumabwezeretsa unyolo ndi nthawi ya zaka zitatu, kuthetsa mgwirizano wa maola opanda kanthu m'malo mwa mgwirizano wokhala ndi maola ochepa otsimikizika komanso gulu lochepa pamwamba pake, ndikufupikitsa magawo a ntchito za bungweli pomwe akupatsa antchito a bungwe ntchito yofanana. Zomwe zimasintha ndi zomwe zimasiya zokha zafotokozedwa mwatsatanetsatane m'nkhani yathu yokhudza Wet meer zekerheid flexwerkers.
Chachiwiri ndi lingaliro lotsutsa lakuti ubale wantchito pansi pa mtengo winawake wa ola limodzi ndi mgwirizano wantchito, wofalitsidwa mu Staatsblad pa 29 June 2026 komanso kuyembekezera lamulo lachifumu; gawo la lingaliro loyambirira lomwe linkafuna kufotokoza momwe ubale wantchito umayesedwera silinapulumuke ndondomeko yamalamulo. Chachitatu ndi chofunikira chovomerezeka kwa ogulitsa antchito pansi pa Wet toelating terbeschikkingstelling van arbeidskrachten, ndipo ichi chili ndi masiku: kulembetsa ndi bungwe lovomerezeka kumayambira pa 1 Novembala mpaka 31 Disembala 2026, chofunikira chovomerezeka chikuyamba kugwira ntchito pa 1 Januwale 2027, ndipo kukakamiza kumayamba kuyambira pa 1 Januwale 2028. Wolemba ntchito amene amalemba ntchito bungwe losaloledwa amakumana ndi chilango chake, kotero kuyang'ana kaundula kumakhala gawo la kugula m'malo mowunikanso malamulo.
Zomwe zikugwira ntchito pa mapangano osinthasintha pakali pano
Mpaka malamulo amenewo atawonekera, malamulo omwe alipo pano ndi omwe akulamulira, ndipo ali kale ovuta kwambiri kuposa momwe olemba ntchito ambiri amazindikira. Malinga ndi nkhani 7:668a ya Civil Code, pangano lachinayi lokhazikika motsatizana, kapena unyolo wopitilira miyezi makumi atatu ndi isanu ndi umodzi, limapereka pangano la nthawi yosatha pogwiritsa ntchito lamulo, kaya wina wasaina chilichonse kapena ayi; kupumula kwa miyezi yoposa isanu ndi umodzi kumakhazikitsanso unyolowo. Ogwira ntchito omwe ali pa ntchito ayenera kuyitanidwa osachepera masiku anayi pasadakhale polemba kapena pakompyuta, kusunga ufulu wawo wolipira ngati kuyitanako kwachotsedwa mkati mwa nthawi imeneyo, ndipo ali ndi ufulu wolandira maola okhazikika pambuyo pa miyezi khumi ndi iwiri kutengera chaka chatha. Malamulo amenewo omwe ali pa ntchito akhala akugwira ntchito kuyambira 2020 ndipo nthawi zonse amaperekedwa ngati akubwera, zomwe sizili choncho.
Ntchito ya bungwe imachitika motsatira dongosolo la magawo m'mapangano a gawo, monga momwe tafotokozera mu kalozera wathu wa dongosolo la magawo a ntchito ya bungwe . Pamodzi ndi zonsezi pali zinthu zomwe sizinasinthe: osachepera kanayi pa maola ogwira ntchito a sabata iliyonse pa tchuthi chovomerezeka chaka chilichonse, ndalama zolipirira tchuthi zosachepera 8 peresenti ya malipiro onse apachaka, ndi malipiro ocheperako ovomerezeka pa ola limodzi omwe amasinthidwa kawiri pachaka ndi unduna wodalirika ndikufalitsidwa mu Staatscourant. Chidule chathu cha ufulu wa antchito ku Netherlands chimadutsamo.
Kuchotsedwa ntchito: gawo lomwe silinasinthe
Lamulo la ku Netherlands lochotsa ntchito ndi lotsekedwa ndipo lakhala lokhazikika kwa zaka khumi. Bwana amafunikira chimodzi mwa zifukwa zomwe zatchulidwa mu nkhani 7:669 ya Civil Code, ndipo ziyenera kupangidwa mokwanira; maziko ogwirira ntchito okhazikika theka ndi maziko okhazikika theka amatha kuwonjezeredwa pamodzi pansi pa maziko osonkhanitsa, kenako pamtengo wowonjezera. Njirayo imadalira maziko: kuchotsedwa ntchito pazifukwa zachuma za bizinesi ndi kuchotsedwa ntchito pambuyo pa kulephera kugwira ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali kumapita ku UWV, zifukwa zaumwini zimapita ku khothi lachigawo, ndipo palibe njira yomwe ingasankhidwe. Palibe kuchotsedwa ntchito mwakufuna kwake komanso palibe msonkho wochotsera ntchito womwe umagula zofunikira za maziko.
Nthawi yodziwitsira olemba ntchito ndi yowirikiza kawiri kuposa ya wantchito, ndipo malipiro osinthira ayenera kulipidwa kuyambira tsiku loyamba la ntchito, kuphatikizapo nthawi yoyeserera. Unduna wodalirika umakhazikitsa chaka chilichonse, kotero chiwerengero chilichonse chomwe chatchulidwa m'nkhani yakale kuposa miyezi ingapo chiyenera kuyang'aniridwa motsatira lamulo lomwe lilipoli. Ngati wantchito wachitapo kanthu molakwika, malipirowo akhoza kuletsedwa; ngati wantchito wachita, khothi likhoza kupereka chipukuta misozi china chowonjezera. Mu bankirapuse palibe ufulu wolandira malipiro osinthira, ndipo ndondomeko ya chitsimikizo cha malipiro a UWV siiphimba. Kuchotsedwa ntchito kwakukulu kumathetsedwa m'malo mwake ndi vaststellingsovereenkomst, ndipo kusinthana motsutsana ndi njira ya UWV kumafotokozedwa mu mgwirizano wothetsera mavuto motsutsana ndi kuchotsedwa ntchito kwa UWV ; kuchotsedwa ntchito mwachidule, chida champhamvu kwambiri, chimaphimbidwa mu kuchotsedwa ntchito nthawi yomweyo.
Matenda, kubwezeretsedwa kwa anthu okalamba komanso ntchito yokhudzana ndi maganizo ndi maganizo
Bwana ayenera kupitiriza kulipira osachepera 70 peresenti ya malipiro ake akadwala kwa milungu 140, chaka choyamba sichikutsika pansi pa malipiro ochepa omwe amakhazikitsidwa ndi lamulo, ndipo mapangano ambiri ogwirizana amakula bwino pa izi. Kubwezeretsedwa kwa ogwira ntchito kumayendetsedwa ndi Gatekeeper Improvement Act, yomwe imafotokoza nthawi yowunikira, dongosolo la zochita, ndi kuwunika nthawi ndi nthawi; pomwe UWV ipeza kuti bwanayo sanachite zambiri, ikhoza kuwonjezera chiwongola dzanja cholipira malipiro mpaka chaka china, chomwe ndi cholakwika chotsika mtengo kwambiri chomwe chingapewedwe m'munda uno.
Ntchito yokhudzana ndi maganizo ndi anthu si udindo watsopano. Lamulo la Machitidwe Ogwira Ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali lakhala likufuna olemba ntchito kuzindikira ndi kuthana ndi kupsinjika maganizo, nkhanza, kuzunza, kusankhana mitundu ndi nkhanza zogonana ngati gawo la zinthu zofunika kwambiri zomwe zingachitike komanso kuwunika zoopsa, ndipo Labour Inspectorate ikutsatira izi. Chomwe chasintha ndi kuchuluka kwa kufufuza osati lamulo, komanso mfundo yakuti olemba ntchito omwe sangathe kupanga zinthu zomwe zilipo panopa akuyamba ndi udindo woipa pankhani iliyonse yokhudza momwe ntchito ikuyendera.
Nthawi yogwira ntchito ndi kusunga zolemba
Lamulo la Maola Ogwira Ntchito limakhazikitsa nthawi yokwanira yogwirira ntchito komanso nthawi yocheperako yopuma, ndipo limakakamiza olemba ntchito kusunga zolemba zoyenera za nthawi yogwira ntchito kwa wantchito aliyense, kuphatikiza antchito osinthasintha komanso ogwira ntchito pa nthawi yoyimba. Ntchito imeneyi ndi yakale osati yatsopano, koma ikugwiritsidwa ntchito, ndipo imagwirizana ndi malamulo omwe ali pamwambapa: olemba ntchito omwe sangasonyeze maola omwe adagwiritsidwa ntchito adzavutika kukana pempho la maola okhazikika kutengera chaka chatha, kapena pempho la malipiro a kuyimba kochotsedwa.
Zoti muwerengenso tsopano
Chongani zinthu zitatu muzolemba zanu zomwe zilipo. Choyamba, ndalama zomwe mumaphunzira komanso zigawo zina za ntchito, zomwe ndi zomwe zimawonongeka kwambiri mu Transparent and Predictable Working Conditions Act ndipo zomwe zambiri zimakhalabe mu fomu yawo isanafike 2022. Chachiwiri, komwe kusokonekera kwa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi kukugwiritsidwa ntchito m'bungwe lanu kukonzanso mapangano a nthawi yokhazikika, chifukwa ndi pomwe nthawi ya zaka zitatu yomwe ikuyembekezeredwa idzakhala ndi zotsatirapo zazikulu kwambiri pakukonzekera antchito. Chachitatu, ogulitsa anu antchito, motsutsana ndi dongosolo lovomerezeka lomwe likuyamba kugwira ntchito kuyambira pa 1 Januware 2027.
Kenako siyani zina zonse mpaka malamulo atawonekera. Kuyembekezera dongosolo lomwe silinayambe mwa kusintha mapangano tsopano kumapanga ufulu womwe simungathe kuchotsa nokha. Kuwunikanso kwa nthawi yayitali kwa ma tempuleti anu, mndandanda wanu wa zoopsa ndi mafayilo anu obwereranso ndikofunikira kuposa kulembanso kongoganizira. Pamene mkangano winawake ukuchitika kale, kuyimira nthawi zambiri kumakhala kofulumira kuposa zochitika, monga momwe tafotokozera mu kuyimira mkangano wa antchito.
Law & More imalangiza olemba ntchito ndi antchito za malamulo okhudza ntchito ku Dutch, m'Chidatchi ndi Chingerezi, kuyambira ma tempuleti a mapangano ndi kukonzanso mpaka kuchotsedwa ntchito, matenda ndi mikangano. Ngati mukufuna kudziwa momwe kusintha kumakhudzira bungwe lanu kapena udindo wanu, buku kukambirana ndi gulu lathu la zamalamulo pantchito mu Eindhoven or Amsterdam.
MAFUNSO OFUNSIDWA KAWIRIKAWIRI
Kodi kusintha kwakukulu kwa lamulo la ntchito ku Netherlands ndi kotani?
Kusintha komwe kuli kofunika kwambiri tsopano kukukhudza ntchito yosinthasintha, ndipo kwavomerezedwa m'malo moyamba. Mabungwe osinthasintha a Wet meer zekerheid, lingaliro lotsutsa la ntchito pansi pa chiwongola dzanja china cha ola limodzi ndi zofunikira zovomerezeka kwa ogulitsa antchito zonse zamaliza kuvomereza kwawo kudzera mu nyumba yamalamulo, koma zikuyamba kugwira ntchito pa masiku omwe akhazikitsidwa ndi lamulo lachifumu. Mpaka nthawi imeneyo malamulo omwe alipo akugwira ntchito mokwanira.
Kodi mgwirizano wa nthawi yokhazikika nthawi zambiri umakhala wokhazikika ku Netherlands pambuyo pa nthawi yayitali bwanji?
Malinga ndi nkhani 7:668a ya Civil Code, mgwirizano wachinayi wokhazikika motsatizana, kapena unyolo wa mapangano a nthawi yokhazikika womwe umatenga miyezi yoposa makumi atatu ndi isanu ndi umodzi, umakhala mgwirizano wa nthawi yosatha mwa lamulo. Kupuma kwa miyezi yoposa isanu ndi umodzi pakadali pano kumabwezeretsanso unyolo; nthawi yomwe Wet meer zekerheid flexwerkers iyamba, nthawi imeneyo imakhala zaka zitatu.
Kodi ndi maudindo atsopano ati a olemba ntchito omwe adabwera ndi kuyang'ana kwambiri thanzi la maganizo kuntchito?
Izi si udindo watsopano. Lamulo la Zoyenera Kuchita (Arbowet) kwa nthawi yayitali lakhala likufuna olemba ntchito kuzindikira ndi kuthana ndi ntchito zokhudzana ndi maganizo, kuphatikizapo kupsinjika maganizo, nkhanza, kuzunza, kusankhana ndi kuzunza anthu pogonana, ngati gawo la zinthu zofunika kwambiri zomwe zingachitike komanso kuwunika zoopsa. Bungwe la Labour Inspectorate limatsatira izi, ndipo olemba ntchito omwe alibe zinthu zomwe zilipo panopa ali ndi vuto lililonse pankhani ya momwe ntchito ikuyendera.
Kodi pali malamulo okhwima okhudza kulemba maola ogwira ntchito pantchito zosinthasintha?
Udindowu ndi wakale kwambiri osati watsopano: Lamulo la Maola Ogwira Ntchito limafuna olemba ntchito kuti azilemba bwino nthawi yogwira ntchito kwa wantchito aliyense, kuphatikizapo antchito osinthasintha komanso omwe amaitanidwa. Likugwiritsidwa ntchito, ndipo olemba ntchito omwe sangasonyeze maola omwe adagwiritsidwa ntchito adzavutika kukana pempho la maola okhazikika kapena malipiro a kuyitana kochotsedwa.
Kodi kusamvana kuntchito ku Netherlands kungathetsedwe bwanji nthawi zambiri?
Mikangano yambiri ya ntchito imathetsedwa pokambirana kapena kuyanjana, nthawi zambiri kutha ndi vaststellingsovereeenkomst. Ngati zimenezo zalephera, khoti lachigawo chaching'ono limakhala ndi mphamvu pa zopempha ntchito, ndipo kuchotsedwa ntchito chifukwa cha zachuma cha bizinesi kapena pambuyo pa kulephera kugwira ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali kumadutsa mu UWV m'malo mwake. Nthawi yochepa yochepetsera ntchito imagwiritsidwa ntchito pa zopempha zingapo za ntchito, kotero uphungu wotengedwa msanga ndi wofunika kwambiri kuposa uphungu wotengedwa mochedwa.
