Chilolezo cha chilengedwe ku Netherlands (omgevingsvergunning) motsatira Environment and Planning Act

Ngati kampani yanu ikufuna kumanga, kusintha nyumba, kusintha kugwiritsa ntchito malo kapena kuyendetsa malo ku Netherlands, mudzakwaniritsa zomwe zanenedwa - chilolezo cha chilengedwe ndi mapulani. Kuyambira pa 1 Januwale 2024 malamulowa ali mu Environment and Planning Act (Omgevingswet, "Ow"), yomwe idalowa m'malo mwa malamulo 26 kuphatikiza Wabo, Wet ruimtelijke ordening ndi Wet natuurbescherming. Zinthu zambiri za Chingerezi zikufotokozabe njira yakale ya Wabo. Tsambali likufotokoza lamulo lomwe lilipo: pamene chilolezo chikufunika, momwe chimasankhira, kukanidwa, kusinthidwa kapena kuchotsedwa, ndi momwe mungatsutsire.

Zimene Omgevingswet anasintha

Lamuloli linagwirizanitsa malamulo omanga, kukonza malo, chilengedwe, madzi, chilengedwe, cholowa ndi zomangamanga kukhala dongosolo limodzi, ndi kauntala imodzi ya digito (Omgevingsloket), chilolezo chimodzi ndi njira imodzi. Zotsatira zitatu zimatsatira.

• Ndondomeko imodzi pa boma lililonse. The dongosolo labwino kwambiri palibenso. Boma lililonse tsopano lili ndi boma limodzi dongosolo la omgevings kuphimba gawo lake lonse. Pa nthawi yosinthayi, imaphatikizapo gawo lakanthawi - mapulani akale okonzera malo kuphatikiza "bruidsschat", phukusi la malamulo ochotsedwa ku boma lalikulu - lomwe liyenera kusinthidwa kukhala dongosolo lokhazikika pofika pa 1 Januwale 2032, nthawi yosinthira ya dongosolo la omgevings itatha.
• Malamulo ambiri, zilolezo zochepa. Zochitika zambiri zomwe kale zinkafuna chilolezo tsopano zikulamulidwa ndi malamulo a dziko omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito mwachindunji, ndipo, makamaka, chidziwitso.
• Palibe chilolezo choperekedwa ndi lamulo. Kusintha kofunikira kwambiri kwa ofunsira ntchito, komwe kwafotokozedwa pansipa.

Zida zinayi zomwe bizinesi imakumana nazo

Lamuloli lili ndi zida zisanu ndi chimodzi zofunika; kwenikweni mudzagwira ntchito ndi zinayi.

• The omgevingsplan. Buku la malamulo a boma la malo: malo ololedwa, kutalika, malo oimika magalimoto, phokoso, mawonekedwe.
• The omgevingsvergunning. Chilolezocho. Art. 5.1 Ow ikufotokoza zochitika zomwe sizingachitike popanda chilolezocho.
• Chidziwitso (kusakaniza). Pa ntchito zambiri zomwe simukufunsira — mumadziwitsa akuluakulu oyenerera kenako mungayambe, bola ngati mutsatira malamulo onse. Palibe chigamulo, kotero palibe chomwe mungachitire apilo.
• Malamulo onse mu Besluit activiteiten leefomgeving (Bal). Buku la malamulo a dziko lonse okhudza zochita zowononga chilengedwe (milieubelastende actiiteiten), kutulutsa madzi ndi ntchito zamadzi. Imafotokoza, ntchito ndi ntchito, kaya chilolezo, chidziwitso, udindo wodziwitsa kapena palibe chomwe chikugwira ntchito. Lamulo logwirizana ndi nyumba ndi Besluit bouwwerken leefomgeving (Bbl).

Chilolezo, chidziwitso kapena palibe: cheke cha Omgevingsloket

Yambani ndi cheke cha chilolezo cha pa intaneti ( vergunningcheck ) mu Omgevingsloket: mumalowetsa malo ndi ntchito yomwe mukufuna kuchita ndipo imakuuzani ngati chilolezo chikufunika, ngati chidziwitso chikukwanira, kapena ngati mungapitirize. Imasonyezanso malamulo omwe akugwira ntchito pa adilesi imeneyo, kuyambira pa omgevingsplan mpaka malamulo a chigawo ndi a bungwe la madzi. Chitani zotsatira zake ngati poyambira, osati ngati upangiri - zimasonyeza momwe boma lalembera dongosolo lake, ndipo zolakwika za kulemba ndizofala nthawi yosinthira.

Chidziwitso si chilolezo chongokhudza pang'ono. Pazinthu zambiri zowononga chilengedwe, Besluit activiteiten leefomgeving imafuna kuti chiperekedwe milungu inayi ntchito isanayambe, ndipo malamulo onse amakukakamizani kuyambira tsiku loyamba. Yambani malamulo asanakwaniritsidwe ndipo mukuphwanya malamulo.

Mitundu yayikulu ya zochita

Fomu yofunsira ntchito, ngati wopemphayo asankha, ikhoza kugwira ntchito imodzi kapena zingapo (Chithunzi 5.7 Ow). Lamulo lakale loti ntchito zolumikizana mosalekanitsidwa ziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pamodzi lapita, kotero mutha kuthetsa mbali yokonzekera polojekiti musanapange kapangidwe kaukadaulo.

Kugawanika kwa chilolezo chomanga (de “knip”)

Chilolezo chakale chomangira chagawika pakati, kotero pulojekiti ikhoza kuyambitsa mafunso awiri osiyana a chilolezo: ntchito yomanga yaukadaulo , yoyesedwa motsutsana ndi Bbl yokha - chitetezo cha kapangidwe ka nyumba, chitetezo cha moto, magwiridwe antchito a mphamvu, ndi milandu yopanda chilolezo mu zaluso. 2.27 Bbl - ndi omgevingsplanactiviteit ya ntchito yomanga , yoyesedwa motsutsana ndi omgevingsplan ya ntchito, kutalika, kuchuluka ndi mawonekedwe, ndi milandu yopanda chilolezo mdziko lonse mu zaluso. 2.29 Bbl. Awiriwa amasankhidwa paokha: pulojekiti ikhoza kukhala yopanda chilolezo chaukadaulo koma ikufunikabe chilolezo chokonzekera, kapena chotsutsana nacho. Chongani zonse ziwiri musanasayine pangano lomanga.

Ngati polojekiti yanu sikugwirizana ndi dongosolo: BOPA

Ngati ntchito zosemphana ndi omgevingsplan, njira ndi omgevingsvergunning kwa buitenplanse omgevingsplanactiviteit - ndi BOPA. Imalowetsa mndandanda wakale wa kruimelgevallen ndi projectafwijkingsbesluit. Palibe kalozera wokhazikika wamayendedwe ololedwa: kunyamuka kulikonse kungakhale kololedwa.

Akuluakulu oyenerera nthawi zambiri amakhala mkulu wa boma (koleji van burgemeester en wethouders) (nkhani 5.8 Ow), kupatulapo munkhani 5.9 Ow ndi Omgevingsbesluit zomwe zimaika chigawo, bungwe la waterboard kapena nduna yoyang'anira. Mayeso ndi ngati chilolezocho chimapereka magawo oyenera a ntchito ku malo (nkhani 5.21 Ow), owerengedwa ndi malamulo aliwonse a chigawo kapena dziko. Zinthu ziwiri ziyenera kuganiziridwa.

• Malangizo ofunikira a bungwe la boma. Khonsolo ikhoza kusankha magulu a milandu ya BOPA momwe uphungu wake uyenera kupemphedwa, ndipo uphunguwo umamanga akuluakulu: uphungu woipa umatanthauza kuti chilolezocho sichingaperekedwe. Ndondomeko iyi ya uphungu yokhala ndi chilolezo chomangirira ili mu gawo la 16.15a ndi gawo la 16.15b Ow, yogwiritsidwa ntchito mu gawo la 4.21 Zokambirana. Imagwira ntchito pokhapokha ngati ikudalira malamulo oyenera owunikira, ndipo mndandanda uliwonse wa boma umasiyana, choncho yang'anani chisankho cha m'deralo msanga.
• Kutenga nawo mbali. Wofunsira ayenera kunena ngati omwe akukhudzidwa nawo adakhudzidwa, ndipo ngati ndi choncho, momwe adachitira komanso zotsatira zake (nkhani 7.4 Kuwongolera). Kwa BOPA - komanso kwa BOPA yokha - khonsolo ikhoza kusankha milandu yomwe kutenga nawo mbali ndikofunikira (nkhani 16.55 Ow). Ngati ndi choncho ndipo simunachite, pempholo lingasiyidwe osakonzedwa pambuyo poti mwayi wokonza.

Zigamulo zoyamba za Dipatimenti Yoyang'anira Malamulo ya Bungwe la Boma pa zilolezo za BOPA zinaperekedwa pa 24 June 2026 (ECLI:NL:RVS:2026:3406 ndi ECLI:NL:RVS:2026:3652). Zikutsimikizira kuti akuluakulu oyenerera ali ndi udindo wofunika ndipo ayenera kuunikanso bwino, kuti khothi liwunikenso ngati zotsatirapo zake sizikugwirizana ndi zolinga zomwe zikutsatiridwa, ndipo malamulo ophunzitsira a m'chigawo akhoza kuletsa chilolezocho paokha. Dipatimentiyi yapemphanso woyimira milandu wa boma kuti apereke maganizo ake pa zomwe kutenga nawo mbali kumafuna motsatira lamulo la Environment and Planning Act. Pempholi linalengezedwa pa 11 June 2026 ndipo likukhudza milandu itatu, imodzi mwa iyo ikukhudza chilolezo cha buitenplanse omgevingsplanactiviteit. Dipatimentiyi yalemba mlanduwo pa milanduyi pa 15 October 2026, kotero panthawi yolemba nkhaniyi, maganizowo sanaperekedwe ndipo Dipatimentiyi sinagamulebe.

BOPA imagwira ntchito yokhudzana ndi polojekiti, ndipo ngati kuchoka kwake kuli kosatha, dongosolo la omgevings liyenera kukhazikitsidwa mkati mwa zaka zisanu chilolezocho chitakhala chomaliza (art. 4.17 Ow). Pakukula kwakukulu kapena kwa nthawi yayitali, kusintha dongosololi kungakhale bwino.

Ndondomeko ndi nthawi yomaliza

Wotchiyo imayimitsidwa pamene akuluakulu akudikira kuti mumalize fomuyo, kotero fomu yonse yotsimikizika bwino ndiyo njira yotsika mtengo kwambiri yogulira nthawi. Chilolezo chimayamba kugwira ntchito tsiku lotsatira kufalitsidwa (Chithunzi 16.79 Ow), kupatulapo pamene ntchitoyo ingayambitse kusintha kosasinthika - kugwetsa, kudula - pamene kuyamba kugwira ntchito kuyenera kuyimitsidwa ndi milungu inayi kuti otsutsa athe kufunafuna mpumulo wa kanthawi.

Palibe chilolezo chogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi lamulo

Pansi pa Wabo, chilolezo chopemphedwa motsatira ndondomeko yanthawi zonse chinkaperekedwa zokha ngati bungweli litalephera tsiku lomaliza. Kuti lex silencio positivo sinapitirire mu Omgevingswet: chete tsopano sichipereka chilichonse. Ndondomeko yanthawi zonse imagwira ntchito ku mitundu yambiri ya zilolezo kuposa kale, ndipo kupereka kokha sikungagwirizane ndi lamulo la EU komanso ndi njira yolinganiza yomwe Act imafuna.

Mayankho anu ndi omwe ali mu Algemene wet bestuursrecht: perekani chidziwitso cha kusagwira ntchito, pambuyo pake chilango chovomerezeka chimawonjezeka, ndipo apilo mwachindunji ku khothi lachigawo kuti apereke chigamulo, popanda choyamba kupereka chitsutso. Zimenezo zimapanga chisankho, osati chilolezo. Musakonze zoyambira zomanga poganiza kuti nthawi yomaliza yolephera idzagwira ntchito kwa inu.

Ndani angapemphe, ndi komwe obwereka ndi ogula ali

Aliyense angapemphe; simukuyenera kukhala mwini wa malowo, kotero wopanga mapulani kapena wogula yemwe akufuna kudzagula akhoza kufunsira asanamalize. Chilolezo si chaumwini: chimagwira ntchito kwa aliyense amene akuchita ntchitoyi, ndipo munthuyo ndiye mwiniwake, womangidwa ndi malamulo ake (Chithunzi 5.37 Ow). Chimayenda ndi malowo osati wopempha, ndipo ulamuliro uyenera kudziwitsidwa milungu inayi asanasinthe mwiniwakeyo. Wobwereka akhoza kufunsira m'dzina lake kuti asinthe kapena kugwiritsa ntchito koma choyamba ayenera kupeza chilolezo cholembedwa cha mwiniwakeyo, chomwe nthawi zambiri chimafuna lendi. Wogula amatenga chilolezocho ndi malowo - ndi chilichonse cholakwika nacho: zinthu zosakwaniritsidwa, ntchito yomangidwa mopatukana ndi chilolezocho, fayilo yotseguka yokakamiza.

Ndondomeko yowunikira ndi zifukwa zokanira

Palibe ufulu wosankha wokana. Ntchito iliyonse ili ndi malamulo ake owunikira, ndipo chilolezocho chiyenera kuperekedwa ngati pempholo likukwaniritsa:

• ntchito yomanga yaukadaulo imayesedwa motsutsana ndi Bbl;
• omgevingsplanactiviteit motsutsana ndi omgevingsplan, ndi kusiyana motsutsana ndi kugawa bwino ntchito ku malo (art. 5.21 Ow);
• kuchitapo kanthu motsutsana ndi malamulo owunikira zachilengedwe, kuphatikizapo njira zabwino kwambiri zomwe zilipo komanso miyezo yabwino ya chilengedwe.

Chilolezo chingakanidwenso chifukwa cha umphumphu motsatira Wet Bibob (art. 5.31 Ow). Kukana kulikonse kuyenera kufotokozedwa potengera dongosolo loyenera ndi mfundo zake; chimodzi chokhazikika pa mfundo zotsutsana ndi mfundo zonse chimakhala chosavuta kuchita apilo.

Mikhalidwe, ndi kutsutsa lamulo limodzi popanda kutaya chilolezo

Mikhalidwe imateteza zofuna zomwe malamulo owunikira amateteza (Chithunzi 5.34 Ow) — maola omanga, malire a phokoso, kuyang'anira, kukonza malo, komanso pankhani zachilengedwe chitetezo cha zachuma. Zimamanga: kuphwanya lamulo kumaonedwa ngati kuchita popanda chilolezo.

Mkhalidwe ungatsutsidwe wokha: mumapereka chitsutso kapena apilo pa mkhalidwe umenewo osati pa thandizo, mukupempha kuti lichotsedwe kapena kusinthidwa pamene chilolezocho chilipo. Machenjezo awiri. Uyenera kuperekedwa mkati mwa nthawi ya masabata asanu ndi limodzi wamba - mkhalidwe womwe mumakhala nawo kwa chaka chimodzi umakhala womaliza ndipo ukhoza kutsutsidwa pokhapokha ngati mupempha kusintha. Ndipo ngati mkhalidwewo sungalekanitsidwe ndi thandizo, kuletsa kungatenge chilolezocho, choncho nenani momveka bwino m'zifukwa zanu kuti chilolezocho chisungidwe.

Kusintha, kuchotsedwa ndi kuchotsedwa

Chilolezo si chokhazikika. Akuluakulu oyenerera akhoza kusintha malamulo ake ndipo akhoza kuchichotsa m'milandu yomwe yafotokozedwa mu gawo. 5.40 Chifukwa — pakati pawo pali chidziwitso cholakwika kapena chosakwanira mu fomu yofunsira, kusatsatira malamulo, kusintha kwa zinthu zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chilengedwe chisatetezedwe mokwanira, ndipo pa ntchito zomanga, ntchito yomwe sinayambike kapena kusiyidwa yosamalizidwa kwa nthawi yodziwika.

Zonsezi ndi zisankho zomwe zingatsutsidwe ndi kupemphedwa, ndipo akuluakulu ayenera kuwunika zomwe mukufuna, kuphatikizapo ndalama zomwe zayikidwa kale; malipiro ndi otheka koma si zachilendo. Munthu amene akufuna kusunga chilolezo chosagwiritsidwa ntchito ayenera kuyamba ndikulemba ntchito yeniyeni - maboma akufalitsa kwambiri mfundo zochotsera zilolezo zomangira zomwe sizinagwiritsidwe ntchito.

Kuwongolera komanga ndi Wet kwaliteitsborging voor het bouwen

Wkb inayamba kugwira ntchito limodzi ndi Omgevingswet pa 1 Januwale 2024. Pa nyumba zomwe imaphimba, boma siliyesanso kapangidwe kaukadaulo pasadakhale kapena kuyang'anira ntchito yomanga: zomwe zimachitika ndi kwaliteitsborger yachinsinsi yodziyimira payokha , yosankhidwa ndikulipidwa ndi kasitomala, yemwe amafufuza kapangidwe kake ndikugwira ntchito motsutsana ndi Bbl ndipo amatulutsa chikalata chomaliza. Udindo wapano:

• Kalasi 1, kapangidwe katsopano — nyumba zodzipatula, nyumba zazing'ono zamalonda ndi ntchito zina zofanana zomwe zili ndi chiopsezo chochepa: pansi pa Wkb kuyambira 1 Januwale 2024.
• Kalasi 1, kukonzanso: tsiku lomwe linkayenera kukhala pa 1 Julayi 2025 linasiyidwa mu Disembala 2024 ndipo linayimitsidwa kwa nthawi yayitali poyembekezera dongosolo logwira ntchito.
• Magalasi 2 ndi 3 — masukulu, maofesi akuluakulu, zipatala, mabwalo amasewera: sizinayambe kugwira ntchito. Palibe tsiku loyambira lomwe lakhazikitsidwa. Kaya, liti komanso motsatira dongosolo la makalasi awa zimatengera zotsatira za kuwunika kwathunthu kwa lamuloli, lomwe lakonzedwa mu 2027, kotero pakadali pano boma likupitilizabe kuyesa ndikuyang'anira ntchito izi zokha.

Masitepe awiri ndi ofunika. Kumanga nyumba kuyenera kuperekedwa milungu inayi ntchito isanayambe, kutchula wotsimikizira khalidwe ndi chida chomwe chagwiritsidwa ntchito (art. 2.18 Bbl). Kumanga nyumba kuyenera kuperekedwa milungu iwiri nyumbayo isanayambe kugwiritsidwa ntchito (art. 2.21 Bbl). Kukhala m'nyumba popanda chidziwitso chomaliza n'kosaloledwa - chiopsezo chenicheni pa nthawi yocheperako. Bungwe la Wkb linalimbitsanso udindo wa kontrakitala pa zolakwika zomwe zili mu Civil Code.

Kulimbikitsana

Ulamuliro womwe umapereka chilolezo nthawi zambiri umagwira ntchito (art. 18.2 Ow). Zida zodziwika bwino ndi lamulo lomwe liyenera kulipidwa chilango ( last onder dwangsom ) ndi lamulo loti munthu athetse vutoli ( last onder bestuursdwang ), zonse ziwiri pansi pa Algemene wet bestuursrecht; chindapusa cha oyang'anira chikupezeka pa zolakwa zomwe zafotokozedwa motsatira mutu 18 Ow. Akuluakulu aku Dutch ali ndi udindo waukulu wokakamiza munthu akangopempha, kotero mnansi wosasangalala ali ndi njira yeniyeni yothanirana nanu.

Kutsutsa, apilo ndi mpumulo wa kanthawi

• Njira yokhazikika. Tumizani chitsutso (kutsutsa) ndi ulamuliro mkati mwa milungu isanu ndi umodzi kuchokera pamene nkhaniyo inafalitsidwa. Pokana chigamulo chotsutsa, apilo ku khoti la chigawo mkati mwa milungu isanu ndi umodzi, kenako ku Administrative Jurisdiction Division ya Council of State, kachiwiri mkati mwa milungu isanu ndi umodzi.
• Ndondomeko yowonjezera. Palibe chotsutsa: apilo mwachindunji ku khoti la chigawo mkati mwa milungu isanu ndi umodzi, kenako ku Khoti la Boma. Kupereka maganizo pa chikalatachi kukadali koyenera, ngakhale milandu ikutsatiridwa ndi Khoti Lalikulu. Varkens ku Nood Chiweruzo chawonjezera mwayi kwa iwo omwe sanachite zimenezo.
• Zosankha zina — omgevingsplan ndi projectbesluit pakati pawo — amapita ku Council of State poyamba.

Nthawi yomaliza ndi yokhwima ndipo siidzakulitsidwa; ngati nthawi ndi yochepa, perekani chidziwitso chotsutsa kapena apilo ndipo perekani zifukwa pambuyo pake.

Mpumulo wa kanthawi kochepa. Kutsutsa kapena apilo sikuletsa chilolezocho, ndipo ntchitoyo ingayambe tsiku lotsatira kufalitsidwa. Ngati kontrakitala akulimbikitsa anthu, pemphani thandizo la kanthawi kochepa ( voorlopige voorziening ) kwa purezidenti wa khothi loyenerera pamodzi ndi kutsutsa kwanu kapena apilo, mkati mwa masiku osati milungu ingapo: nyumba ikangomangidwa, khothi silidzafuna kulamula kuti igwetsedwe. Eni zilolezo ayenera kuwona chithunzi chagalasi - pomwe chilolezocho chimaphimba ntchito yosasinthika, kuchedwa kwa milungu inayi kumapatsa otsutsa mwayi wawo.

Malangizo othandiza

• Chitani zokambirana musanapemphe fomu yofunsira. Pafupifupi boma lililonse limapereka vooroverleg kapena kuwunika mapulani ojambulira. Ndikotsika mtengo, kumavumbula zotsutsa zenizeni musanagwiritse ntchito ndalama zojambula, ndipo kumakuuzani ngati upangiri wokakamiza wa khonsolo kapena kutenga nawo mbali kofunikira kukugwira ntchito.
• Tengani kutenga nawo mbali mozama. Funsani anansi ndi anthu okhudzidwa msanga, lembani amene anakufikirani, zomwe zinanenedwa ndi zomwe mwasintha chifukwa cha nkhaniyi, ndipo ikani chikalatacho mu fomu yofunsira. Kusatenga nawo mbali molakwika ndi chiopsezo chachikulu pamilandu.
• Ogula: onani musanasainire. Funsani chilolezo chilichonse ndi chidziwitso, yerekezerani zojambula zololedwa ndi zomwe zamangidwa, onani ngati zinthu zakwaniritsidwa komanso ngati fayilo yokakamiza yatsegulidwa, ndipo werengani omgevingsplan ya ntchito yomwe mukufuna kugwiritsa ntchito m'malo modalira kugwiritsa ntchito komwe kulipo. Ngati wogulitsa amadalira chilolezo chomwe sichinamalizidwe, ikani chiopsezocho mu mgwirizano.