Kulowa mumsika waku Dutch ndi ntchito yosangalatsa yodzaza ndi mwayi. Komabe, mgwirizano wamalonda wosamvetsetseka ukhoza kusintha mwamsanga mwayi umenewo kukhala ngongole yamtengo wapatali. Kaya ndinu kampani yakunja yomwe ikukula ku Netherlands kapena bizinesi yakwanuko, kusindikizidwa bwino pamapangano anu kungakupangitseni kapena kukusokonezani. Sikokwanira kungosaina pamzere wamadontho; muyenera kumvetsetsa mawonekedwe apadera a mgwirizano waku Dutch chilamulo.
Malamulo a Chidatchi amamangidwa pa mfundo ya "kulolera ndi chilungamo" ( redelijkheid en billijkheid ), zomwe nthawi zina zimatha kukhudza kutanthauzira kwa mgwirizano kupitirira malemba ake enieni. Mbali yapaderayi ikutanthauza kuti kunyalanyaza ziganizo zazikulu kapena kudalira mawu osamveka bwino kumatha kuyika bizinesi yanu pachiwopsezo chachikulu, mikangano, komanso kutaya ndalama. Tsatanetsatane imodzi yomwe yaphonya imatha kubweretsa zovuta kapena kukusiyani osatetezedwa mukafuna kwambiri.
Nkhaniyi ikhala ngati kalozera wanu. Tidzaphwanya ziganizo 9 zovuta kwambiri zomwe muyenera kuziwunika mumgwirizano uliwonse wamalonda waku Dutch. Pomvetsetsa magawo ofunikirawa, mutha kuteteza zokonda zanu, kuchepetsa zoopsa, ndikupanga maziko olimba a ubale wabwino wamabizinesi. Tidzafotokoza zamalamulo olamulira, mangawa, chinsinsi, ndi zina zambiri, ndikukupatsani chidziwitso chofunikira kuti muyendetse mapangano anu molimba mtima.
1. Ndime ya Malamulo Olamulira ndi Ulamuliro (Rechtskeuze en Forumkeuze)
Polemba mgwirizano wamalonda, chimodzi mwa ziganizo zofunika kwambiri kuti mukhazikitse ndizomwe zimatanthauzira lamulo lolamulira ndi ulamuliro. Ndimeyi imagwira ntchito ngati maziko azamalamulo a mgwirizano wanu, ndikuwunikira malamulo adziko omwe adzagwiritsidwe ntchito kumasulira mgwirizano komanso makhothi omwe adzathetse mikangano iliyonse. Kwa mapangano okhudzana ndi Netherlands, kunena mosapita m'mbali kuti malamulo achi Dutch amayang'anira mgwirizanowu ndi gawo loyamba lofunikira pakukhazikitsa kutsimikizika kwalamulo.
Kulephera kuphatikiza lamulo lomveka bwino lolamulira ndi gawo laulamuliro ndikutchova njuga kwakukulu. Popanda izo, mumatsegula chitseko cha mikangano yovuta, yowononga nthawi, komanso yodula pamilandu yomwe iyenera kumveka. Kusamvetsetseka kumeneku kungayambitse mikangano pakati pa malamulo a mayiko, kukakamiza maphwando kulowa m'malamulo akunja omwe sakuwadziwa, zomwe zingasinthe kwambiri zotsatira za mkangano.
Kuti muteteze zokonda zanu, mgwirizano wanu uyenera kukhala wosavuta. Chigamulo chokonzedwa bwino chiyenera kunena momveka bwino kuti "mgwirizanowu udzayendetsedwa ndi kufotokozedwa motsatira malamulo a Netherlands." Komanso, liyenera kufotokoza kuti ndi bwalo liti lomwe lili ndi ulamuliro wokhawokha. Mwachitsanzo, mutha kusankha khothi linalake, monga Amsterdam Khothi Lachigawo kapena bwalo lapadera la Netherlands Commercial Court, lomwe lili ndi zida zokwanira zothanirana ndi mikangano yamabizinesi yapadziko lonse mu Chingerezi. Ndime yosavuta koma yamphamvu iyi imapereka kuneneratu ndi njira yomveka bwino ngati kusagwirizana kukuchitika.
2. Ndime ya Liability and Indemnification (Aansprakelijkheid en Vrijwaring)
Chigamulo ndi chiwongoladzanja ndi pamene kuopsa kwachuma kwa mgwirizano kumafotokozedwa ndikugawidwa. Cholinga chake chachikulu ndikukhazikitsa malire omveka bwino pazachuma cha chipani chilichonse ngati zinthu sizikuyenda bwino. M'makontrakitala amalonda achi Dutch, ndizozoloŵera kuchepetsa ngongole m'njira zingapo, monga kuwerengera mtengo wonse wa mgwirizano kapena kusaphatikizapo chiwongoladzanja cha zowonongeka kapena zowonongeka, monga phindu lotayika.
Komabe, ndikofunikira kumvetsetsa kuti malamulo achi Dutch amatsindika kwambiri chilungamo. Chigamulo cha ngongole chomwe chimatengedwa kuti "chopanda nzeru" chikhoza kuikidwa pambali ndi khoti la Dutch. Izi ndi zoona makamaka pa nkhani zokhudza kusasamala (grove schuld) kapena khalidwe loipa mwadala (opzet). Simungachotseretu udindo wovulaza mwadala kapena mosasamala. Mfundo imeneyi imatsimikizira kuti gulu silingangobisala kumbuyo kwa gawo loletsa kuti lithawe udindo wolephera kwambiri.
Kuti ndime iyi ikhale yogwira mtima, kulondola ndikofunikira. Mawu osamveka bwino angayambitse mikangano pa kutanthauzira. Mwachitsanzo, m'malo mongopatula "zowonongeka zotsatila," ndi bwino kutchula mitundu ya zowonongeka zomwe sizikuphatikizidwa, monga kutayika kwa ndalama, kutaya chidwi, kapena kutayika kwa bizinesi. Polemba ndimeyi, fotokozani momveka bwino kuchuluka kwa chiwongoladzanja, chomwe chimafotokoza nthawi yomwe gulu lina lidzalipira zotayika za mnzake, monga momwe zimakhalira ndi chipani chachitatu. Kulankhula momveka bwino komanso mwachilungamo pazoletsa zanu kumapangitsa kuti chigamulocho chikhale chotheka kutsatiridwa ngati chikutsutsidwa.
3. Ndime yachinsinsi (Geheimhoudingsbeding)
M'magwirizano ambiri abizinesi, maphwando amagawana zinsinsi zazamalonda, mndandanda wamakasitomala, ndi zidziwitso zachuma. Ndime yachinsinsi, kapena geheimhoudingsbeling, ndicho chida chanu chachikulu chotetezera izi kuti zisawululidwe kapena kugwiritsidwa ntchito molakwika. Ndime iyi mwalamulo imakakamiza wolandirayo kusunga zidziwitso zachinsinsi ndikuzigwiritsa ntchito pazolinga zomwe zafotokozedwa mu mgwirizano.
Ndime yachinsinsi yamphamvu iyenera kufotokozera bwino zomwe zikutanthauza "zachinsinsi". Iyeneranso kufotokoza zomwe gulu limalandira, monga omwe ali m'bungwe lawo angapeze chidziwitso ndi njira zachitetezo zomwe ayenera kuchita kuti ateteze. Ndikofunikiranso kufotokozera nthawi yaudindowu, womwe nthawi zambiri umapitilira zaka zingapo mgwirizano utatha kuti zitsimikizire chitetezo chanthawi yayitali.
Pansi pa malamulo achi Dutch, mutha kuwonjezera mano ku ndimeyi pophatikiza a chilango cha chilango (boetebeding) pakuphwanya kulikonse. Chilango chandalama chomwe chidagwirizana kale chimachitika nthawi yomweyo ngati kuphwanya kwachitika, popanda kufunikira kutsimikizira zomwe zawonongeka m'khothi, ndikupangitsa kukhala cholepheretsa champhamvu. Kuti muchite bwino kwambiri, onetsetsani kuti chiganizo chanu chilinso ndi gawo lofunikira kubwerera kapena kuwonongeka za zinthu zonse zachinsinsi pa kutha kwa mgwirizano, osasiya zotayirira.
4. Ndime yothetsa (Beëindigingsclausule)
Ubale uliwonse wamalonda pamapeto pake umatha, ndipo gawo lothetsa limapereka njira yomveka bwino ya momwe izi zingachitikire. Ndimeyi ikufotokoza momwe mbali iliyonse ingatulutsire mgwirizanowo mwalamulo, kuletsa mikangano ndikuonetsetsa kuti mgwirizanowo watha. Popanda chiganizo chodziwika bwino chothetsera, mutha kupeza kuti mwatsekeredwa mumgwirizano wosapindulitsa kapena wosatheka popanda njira yotulukira.
Ndikofunikira kusiyanitsa mitundu iwiri ikuluikulu ya kuthetsa: kuchotsedwa chifukwa ndi kuthetseratu kuti zitheke. Kuthetsa chifukwa kumapangitsa kuti chipanicho chithetse mgwirizano nthawi yomweyo ngati winayo akulephera kukwaniritsa udindo waukulu, wotchedwa kuphwanya zinthu. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, kuthetsa mkanganowo n’cholinga chothandiza kuti munthu athetse mgwirizanowo popanda chifukwa chenicheni, nthaŵi zambiri popereka chidziwitso cholembedwa pasadakhale. Ndikofunika kudziwa kuti ngakhale nthawi yachidziwitso sinatchulidwe kuti ithetsedwe kuti zitheke, malamulo achi Dutch nthawi zambiri amatanthauza nthawi "yoyenera" kuti mupewe zotsatira zolakwika.
Kuti chiganizo ichi chikhale cholimba, muyenera kufotokozera momveka bwino chomwe chimatanthauza "kuphwanya zinthu." M'malo modalira mawu wamba, lembani zochitika zenizeni, monga kulephera kulipira pasanathe nthawi inayake, kuphwanya chinsinsi, kapena kulephera kubweza ngongole. Kufotokozera kumeneku kumachotsa kusamveka bwino ndipo kumapereka maziko omveka bwino ochitirapo kanthu ngati chiyanjano chikusokonekera. Pofotokoza mosamalitsa njira zotuluka, mumapatsa bizinesi yanu kusinthasintha ndi chitetezo chomwe chimafunikira kuti muyendetse nthawi yonse ya mgwirizano.
5. Force Majeure Clause (Overmacht)
Zochitika zosayembekezereka zimatha kusokoneza ngakhale mabizinesi okonzekera bwino kwambiri. A force majeure, kapena overmacht, ndimeyi imateteza chipani ku ngongole ngati sangakwanitse kukwaniritsa zomwe akufuna kuchita chifukwa cha zochitika zomwe sangathe kuzilamulira. Ndimeyi imayimitsa kapena kuthetsa maudindo popanda chilango pamene chochitika chodabwitsa, chomwe nthawi zina chimatchedwa "ntchito ya Mulungu," chimapangitsa kuti ntchitoyo ikhale yosatheka.
Kuchita bwino kwa ndimeyi kumadalira tanthauzo la "force majeure event". Ngakhale kuli kwanzeru kusunga tanthauzo lalikulu, muyeneranso kuphatikiza mndandanda wosakwanira wa zitsanzo zachindunji kuti mupewe kusamveka bwino. Makontrakitala amakono akuyenera kuganiziranso zochitika monga miliri, kuwukira kwa cyber, kutsekeka kokhazikitsidwa ndi boma, ndi kusokonekera kwakukulu kwazinthu zogulitsira pamodzi ndi zitsanzo zachikhalidwe monga masoka achilengedwe ndi nkhondo. Popanda kutanthauzira momveka bwino, mungakumane ndi mkangano woti chochitika china chikuyenera.
Ndime yolembedwa bwino ya force majeure iyeneranso kufotokoza ndondomeko yomveka bwino yomwe iyenera kutsatiridwa pamene chochitika choterocho chikuchitika. Izi zimaphatikizaponso kufunikira kuti wokhudzidwayo adziwitse mnzakeyo molembera pasanathe nthawi yodziwika, kufotokoza za chochitikacho ndi zomwe zikuyembekezeka pakuchita bwino. Chigamulochi chiyeneranso kuthana ndi zotsatira zake, monga ngati mgwirizanowo udzayimitsidwa kwa kanthawi kapena kuthetsedwa ngati chochitikacho chikupitirira nthawi yaitali. Kumveketsa bwino kachitidwe kameneka ndi kofunikira pakuwongolera zinthu mwachilungamo komanso mowonekera.
6. Ndime ya Ufulu wa Katundu Wachidziwitso (IP) (Intellectuele Eigendom)
Pamene luso, chizindikiro, kapena ukadaulo ndi gawo la bizinesi, gawo laufulu wa katundu waluso (IP) limakhala limodzi mwamagawo ofunikira kwambiri pa mgwirizano wanu. Ndimeyi ikufotokoza momveka bwino yemwe eni ake, angagwiritse ntchito, komanso atha kupereka chilolezo pa IP iliyonse yomwe ikukhudzidwa kapena kupangidwa panthawi ya mgwirizano. Kulakwitsa izi kungayambitse kutaya mphamvu pa zinthu zanu zamtengo wapatali, monga mapulogalamu, mapangidwe, mayina amtundu, kapena ndondomeko zaumwini.
Ndime yokwanira ya IP iyenera kuthana ndi magulu awiri osiyana: IP yomwe inalipo kale ndi IP yomwe yangopangidwa kumene. Zinene momveka bwino kuti mbali iliyonse imakhalabe ndi umwini wa nzeru zake zomwe zinalipo mgwirizano usanachitike. Chofunika koposa, chiyenera kulongosola yemwe adzakhala mwini IP iliyonse yomwe imapangidwa pamodzi kapena ndi gulu limodzi panthawi yochita mgwirizano. Popanda kufotokozera izi, mikangano ya umwini imakhala yosapeweka.
Kuti mutsimikizire kumveka bwino komanso chitetezo, gawo lanu liyenera kukhala lachindunji. Fotokozani zomwe zimachitika ku ufulu wa IP mgwirizano ukatha. Mwachitsanzo, ngati gulu lina lidapatsidwa chilolezo chogwiritsa ntchito IP ya linzake, kodi chilolezocho chimatha ntchito ikatha? Ngati IP yatsopano idapangidwa, kodi gulu limodzi lili ndi mwayi wogula mtengo wa mnzake? Kuyankha mafunso awa patsogolo kumateteza mikangano yamtsogolo ndikuwonetsetsa kuti luntha lanu likhala lotetezeka.
7. Migwirizano ya Mtengo ndi Malipiro (Prijs en Betalingsvoorwaarden)
Kumveka bwino pankhani zandalama ndikofunikira kuti bizinesi yanu ikhale yabwino, ndipo ndime ya mtengo ndi malipiro imayika mapu athunthu azachuma a mgwirizano wanu. Gawoli limachotsa kusatsimikizika konse kokhudza chipukuta misozi pofotokoza mwatsatanetsatane mtengo wa katundu kapena ntchito, ndalama zolipirira, nthawi yolipirira, komanso nthawi yolipira. Chigamulo chosamveka bwino kapena chosakwanira chingayambitse mavuto obwera chifukwa cha ndalama, mikangano, ndi kusokoneza chikhulupiriro pakati pa magulu.
Chofunikira kwambiri pansi pa malamulo aku Dutch ndi kugwiritsa ntchito chiwongola dzanja chokhazikika pakubweza mochedwa pazamalonda. Ngati malipiro sanapangidwe mkati mwa nthawi yomwe mwagwirizana (kapena mkati mwa masiku 30 ngati palibe nthawi yotchulidwa), wobwereketsa ali ndi ufulu wolipira chiwongoladzanja chovomerezeka popanda kufunikira chidziwitso chovomerezeka. Izi zimapereka chilimbikitso champhamvu chamalipiro anthawi yake komanso zimatsimikiziranso kufunikira kwa nthawi yomaliza yolipira mu mgwirizano wanu.
Polemba ndimeyi, musasiye malo omasulira. Tchulani ngati mitengo ndi yokhazikika kapena yosinthika, komanso ngati ikuphatikiza VAT. Pa mapangano a nthaŵi yaitali, ndi kwanzeru kuphatikizirapo makonzedwe a kusintha kwa mitengo kuŵerengera kaamba ka kukwera kwa mitengo ya zinthu kapena kusintha kwa ndalama zina. Izi zitha kuchitika kudzera mu indexation clause yolumikizidwa ndi index yamitengo ya ogula. Pomaliza, nenani momveka bwino njira yolipirira (monga kusamutsira ku banki) ndi tsiku lenileni loyenera kulipira (monga, “mkati mwa masiku 30 kuchokera tsiku la invoice”) kuti mutsimikizire kuti onse awiri ali ndi njira yodziwikiratu.
8. Chigamulo chosapikisana / chosapempha (Niet-concurrentiebeding / Ronselbeding)
Mgwirizano ukatha, mukufuna kuwonetsetsa kuti mnzanu wakale sagwiritsa ntchito chidziwitso chomwe adapeza kuti akhale mpikisano wanu kapena kuthamangitsa mamembala anu ofunikira. Magawo osapikisana komanso osapempha adapangidwa kuti apereke chitetezo ichi. Ndime yosagwirizana ndi mpikisano imaletsa chipani kuchita nawo bizinesi yofananira kwa nthawi inayake, pomwe gawo lopanda kupempha limawalepheretsa kufikira makasitomala kapena antchito anu.
Komabe, makhothi aku Dutch amawunika mosamala mapangano oletsawa kuti awonetsetse kuti siakuluakulu. Kuti zitheke, chigamulo chosapikisana kapena chosapempha chiyenera kukhala choyenera. Izi zikutanthauza kuti ziyenera kufotokozedwa momveka bwino komanso kuchepetsedwa m'magawo atatu ofunika: kukula kwa malo, nthawi, ndi mtundu wa ntchito zoletsedwa. Chigamulo choletsa kwambiri chomwe chimalepheretsa munthu kupeza zofunika pamoyo chikhoza kuchepetsedwa kapena kuthetsedwa ndi woweruza.
Kuti mupange chiganizo chogwira ntchito komanso chotheka, muyenera kumangiriza zoletsa zake pazokonda zabizinesi zomwe mukuyesera kuteteza. Mwachitsanzo, m'malo moletsa "zochitika zonse zopikisana," fotokozani mautumiki kapena zinthu zomwe zili zoletsedwa. Chepetsani dera komwe mumachita bizinesi ndikukhazikitsa nthawi yoyenera, nthawi zambiri chaka chimodzi kapena ziwiri. Chigamulochi chikakhala chogwirizana komanso chovomerezeka, ndiye kuti chidzakhala chokulirapo m'bwalo lamilandu lachi Dutch.
9. Ndime ya Chitetezo cha Data (Gegevensbescherming)
Mu chuma chamakono chamakono, deta ndi chuma chamtengo wapatali, ndipo kuteteza sizinthu zabwino zokhazokha-ndizofunika mwalamulo. Ngati mgwirizano wanu wamalonda umakhudza kusamalira deta yanu, Gawo la Chitetezo cha Data silingakambirane. Ndimeyi ikuwonetsetsa kuti zochitika zonse zikutsatira General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwake kwa Dutch, Uitvoeringswet Algemene amagulitsa zinthu zambiri (UAVG), kukutetezani ku chindapusa komanso kuwonongeka kwa mbiri yanu.
Ndimeyi iyenera kufotokoza momveka bwino maudindo ndi maudindo a gulu lirilonse. Iyenera kufotokoza yemwe ali data controller (chipani chomwe chimasankha zolinga ndi njira zosinthira zidziwitso zanu) ndi ndani purosesa ya data (chipani chomwe chimakonza deta m'malo mwa wolamulira). Nthawi zambiri pamene deta yaumwini imasinthidwa kapena kugwiridwa, yosiyana, yowonjezereka Mgwirizano Wokonza Data (DPA) ikufunika mwalamulo ngati chowonjezera pa mgwirizano waukulu. DPA iyi ifotokoza malangizo enieni okonzekera deta mosamala.
Kuti mupange ndime yogwirizana komanso yogwira mtima, muyenera tsatanetsatane waukadaulo ndi bungwe lomwe lingatengedwe kuti muteteze zambiri zamunthu. Izi zitha kuphatikizira kubisa, zowongolera zolowera, ndi kuwunika kwachitetezo pafupipafupi. Ndimeyi iyeneranso kufotokoza ndondomeko yoyendetsera kuphwanya deta, kuphatikizapo ntchito zodziwitsa akuluakulu onse ndi anthu omwe akhudzidwa. Pofotokozera mwatsatanetsatane momwe mungatetezere deta yanu mkati mwa mgwirizano, mumasonyeza kulimbikira ndikumanga maziko okhulupirirana ndi omwe mumagwira nawo ntchito ndi makasitomala.
Kutsiliza: Kuyendetsa Mapangano Anu Ndi Chidaliro
Kuyendera malo amalonda achi Dutch kumafuna zambiri kuposa lingaliro lalikulu la bizinesi; zimafuna kusamalitsa dongosolo lazamalamulo lomwe limathandizira mgwirizano wanu. Monga taonera, ziganizo khumi zomwe zakambidwa—kuchokera kufotokoza ulamuliro ndi kuchepetsa udindo woteteza chuma chaluntha komanso kuonetsetsa kuti zinsinsi za data zisungidwa—sizolemba chabe. Ndizitetezo zofunika kwambiri zomwe zimateteza zomwe mukufuna, kuyang'anira zoopsa, ndikupereka njira yomveka bwino muzochitika zilizonse.
Kumbukirani, malamulo a mgwirizano wa Chidatchi amakhudzidwa mwapadera ndi mfundo ya "kulolera ndi chilungamo." Izi zikutanthauza kuti kungokhala ndi ndime sikokwanira; iyenera kulembedwa m'njira yoyenera komanso yotetezedwa. Kunyalanyaza izi kungayambitse mikangano yokwera mtengo, mikangano yosatheka, ndi kuwonekera kwakukulu pazachuma. Mgwirizano wokonzedwa bwino ndi inshuwaransi yanu yabwino kwambiri motsutsana ndi misampha yomwe ingachitike mwalamulo.
Pothana ndi madera ofunikirawa, mumamanga maziko olimba kuti muchite bwino komanso mumalimbikitsa kukhulupirirana ndi omwe mumachita nawo bizinesi.
Kodi mumadziwa zamakontrakitala aku Dutch? Gawani malingaliro anu kapena mafunso mu ndemanga pansipa. Pamapangano ovuta kapena upangiri wazamalamulo, nthawi zonse ndikwabwino kukaonana ndi katswiri wazamalamulo yemwe amagwira ntchito zamalamulo achi Dutch. ma lawyer a contract a Law & More akupezeka inu.
