Mwalandira chigamulo. Khothi lapereka pempho lanu ndipo wotsutsa walamulidwa kuti alipire. Koma wobwereketsa salipira. Ngati ali ndi katundu, kugulitsa katunduyo mokakamiza kungakhale njira yopezerabe pempho lanu. Izi zimatchedwa kugulitsa kwa executory (executoriale verkoop). Komabe, njira yopezera kukakamiza kopambana ndi yayitali, yokwera mtengo komanso yosatsimikizika. M'nkhaniyi tikufotokoza momwe njirayi imagwirira ntchito komanso zomwe zimakuika pachiwopsezo, monga wobwereketsa, panjira.
Mutu wofunikira: poyambira
Kukakamiza munthu kuti agwire ntchito pa katundu nthawi zonse kumayamba ndi udindo wokakamiza (executoriale titel). Ichi ndi chikalata chomwe lamulo limalola kuti lamulo ligwire ntchito. Udindo wodziwika kwambiri ndi chigamulo cha khothi, koma chikalata cha notarial kapena lamulo la khothi lingagwiritsidwenso ntchito ngati udindo. Chigamulocho chiyenera kulengezedwa kuti chikugwira ntchito kwakanthawi, kapena nthawi ya apilo iyenera kuti yatha. Popanda udindo wokakamiza, kukakamiza sikungayambe.
Utumiki ndi oda yolipira
Asanaperekedwe ndalama zilizonse, woyang'anira nyumba ayenera kupereka chigamulo mwalamulo kwa wobwereketsa - kutanthauza kuti, kupereka mwalamulo. Kenako woyang'anira nyumbayo amapereka lamulo loti alipire. Malinga ndi Nkhani 439 ya Dutch Code of Civil Procedure (Rv), wobwereketsayo amapatsidwa masiku osachepera awiri kuti alipire mwaufulu. Nthawi yokhayo ikatha popanda kulipira ndi pomwe malamulo enieni ayamba kugwira ntchito.
Gawo ili si mwambo chabe. Ngati ntchito ili ndi vuto kapena lamulo silinaperekedwe bwino, wobwereketsayo akhoza kutsutsa kutsatiridwa kwa lamuloli. Chifukwa chake ndikofunikira kuti bailiff agwire ntchitoyo mosamala.
Kukhazikitsa kwa woyang'anira pa malo
Pambuyo poti nthawi yolipira itatha, bailiff amalipira chikole cha executory pa malowo. Chikolechi chimalembetsedwa m'mabuku a anthu onse a Land Registry (Kadaster) (Article 505 Rv). Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo, chikolecho chimaonekera kwa anthu ena ndipo katunduyo amakhala wovutitsidwa mwalamulo. Mwachidule, wobwereketsa sangagulitsenso katunduyo kapena kumupatsa ufulu watsopano. Ngati achita izi, wogula kapena mwiniwake watsopano wololedwa sangadalire pa malondawo poyerekeza ndi wobwereketsa wogwirizana.
Woyang'anira nyumba amadziwitsa wobwereketsa ndi aliyense amene ali ndi ngongole za nyumba za wobwereketsayo za kubweza ngongoleyo. Obwereketsa ali ndi ufulu wodzitengera okha malamulo — zambiri zidzafotokozedwa mtsogolo.
Kugulitsa kwa anthu onse
Lamulo lalikulu ndilakuti kugulitsa katundu kumachitika kudzera mu malonda a anthu onse (Article 514 Rv et seq.). Malondawa amakonzedwa ndi notary wa malamulo aboma, yemwenso amalemba nthawi yogulitsira. Katunduyo amalengezedwa pasadakhale kudzera m'mabuku a anthu onse ndipo nthawi zambiri kudzera m'mapulatifomu apadera ogulitsa. Notary ndiye amasamalira kutsatsa, amasonkhanitsa zikalata zazidziwitso ndikuyendetsa malondawo okha.
Pa tsiku la malonda, anthu omwe akufuna kugulitsa katundu akhoza kupereka mtengo. Katunduyo amaperekedwa kwa wogula katundu wokwera kwambiri, kenako notary amapanga mgwirizano wogula. Mtengo wogula nthawi zambiri uyenera kulipidwa mkati mwa milungu ingapo. Pambuyo polipira, kusamutsa kumachitika kudzera mu chikalata chotsimikizira kugulitsa katundu, chomwe chimalembetsedwanso mu Land Registry.
Kugulitsa kwachinsinsi ngati njira ina
Kuwonjezera pa malonda a anthu onse, Nkhani 3:268(2) ya Dutch Civil Code (BW) imapereka mwayi wogulitsa payekha. Izi zimafuna chilolezo cha woweruza wothandiza poyamba, chomwe chimapemphedwa ndi wobwereketsa kapena wobwereketsa - osati ndi wobwereketsa mwiniwake. Woweruzayo amapereka chilolezocho ngati n'zotheka kuti kugulitsa payekha kubweretsa phindu lalikulu kuposa malonda.
Mwachidule, njira imeneyi ikuchulukirachulukira, makamaka pamene onse obwereketsa avomereza. Kugulitsa kwachinsinsi nthawi zambiri kumachitika bwino, kumapeza mtengo wokwera komanso kumasunga ndalama zogulitsira. Kwa wobwereketsa, nthawi zambiri ndi bwino kuganizira mozama za njira iyi.
Nanga bwanji ngati wobwereketsayo si mwini yekha?
Kawirikawiri, wobwereketsa nthawi zambiri si mwini yekha wa katunduyo. Vuto lofala ndi eni ake awiri omwe ali ndi gawo lofanana, losagawika - mwachitsanzo ogwirizana omwe adagula nyumba limodzi. Izi zimakhala ndi zotsatirapo zazikulu pakukakamiza malamulo.
Wobwereketsa wobwereketsa wa mwiniwake m'modzi, kwenikweni, akhoza kungolipira ndikugulitsa gawo losagawika la wobwereketsayo m'nyumbayo, osati katundu wonse (Nkhani 3:175 ya Dutch Civil Code, BW). Gawo la mwiniwake m'modzi silili m'manja mwa lamulo, chifukwa munthuyo sali ndi mlandu pa ngongoleyo. Chifukwa chake, wobwereketsa sangangogulitsa nyumba yonse.
Vuto ndilakuti gawo losagawika ndi lovuta kwambiri kugulitsa. Palibe wogula amene ali wokonzeka kupeza chiwongola dzanja chochepa ndikukhala mwiniwake pamodzi ndi munthu wosamudziwa, ndi zovuta zonse zomwe zimakhudza. Pa malonda a anthu onse, gawo lotere, ngati litagulitsidwa konse, lidzangopeza gawo lochepa chabe la mtengo wake wofanana.
Pachifukwa chimenecho, wobwereketsa nthawi zambiri amafuna kuti dera ligawidwe. Malinga ndi Article 3:180 BW, wobwereketsa yemwe watenga gawo la mwiniwake angafune kuti dera ligawidwe (verdeling), ngakhale motsutsana ndi zomwe mwiniwake wina akufuna. Kudzera mu kugawa katundu wonsewo, katunduyo akhoza kugulitsidwa ndipo ndalama zonse zomwe zapezeka zimagawidwa pakati pa eni ake mogwirizana ndi magawo awo. Wobwereketsayo amatha kubweza ndalama zomwe wabwereketsayo amapeza, pomwe gawo la mwiniwake wina limaperekedwa kwa munthuyo ndipo silingatheke kwa wobwereketsayo.
Vuto lina limachitika pamene eni ake okwatirana ali m'banja la anthu ambiri (gemeenschap van goederen) ndipo ngongoleyo ndi ngongole ya anthu onse. Pankhaniyi, anthu onse - kuphatikizapo katundu wonse - akhoza kukhala ngati chothandizira, chifukwa onse awiri ali ndi udindo. Izi zikugwiranso ntchito ku ngongole zina zomwe eni onse awiri ali ndi udindo wogwirizana, monga ngongole yogwirizana. Komabe, pamene m'modzi yekha mwa eni ake ali ndi ngongole yachinsinsi, malire a gawo la munthuyo amagwiranso ntchito.
Kwa wobwereketsa, ndikofunikira kuyang'ana, asanapereke chikole, eni ake olembetsedwa a malowo ndi chifukwa chomwe ali nacho. Kaundula wa Malo (Kadaster) akuwonetsa udindo wa umwini. Kaya katundu wonse kapena gawo logawika lingagwiritsidwe ntchito molakwika limatsimikizira mwayi wobwezeredwa - komanso ndalama ndi nthawi yomwe njirayo idzafunikire.
Kugawa ndalama zomwe zapezeka: dongosolo la masanjidwe
Katunduyo akagulitsidwa ndipo mtengo wogulira walandiridwa, ndalama zomwe zapezeka ziyenera kugawidwa. Ngati pali obwereketsa angapo - zomwe nthawi zambiri zimakhala choncho ndi malamulo okhudza kukakamiza katundu - dongosolo loyika (rangregeling) limachitika (Article 551 Rv et seq.). Notary kapena woweruza woyang'anira ndiye amasankha omwe abwereketsa omwe amalipidwa komanso momwe amalipirira.
Wobwereka ngongole ndiye amene ali patsogolo. Kenako pamabwera obwereketsa ena monga Oyang'anira Misonkho. Pambuyo pake, ndalama zolipirira ngongoleyo zimalipidwa. Zonse zomwe zatsala zimagawidwa pakati pa obwereketsa omwe ali pafupi malinga ndi tsiku lomwe adatenga ngongoleyo: aliyense amene watenga ngongoleyo kale ali ndi udindo wapamwamba. Zonse zomwe zatsala pambuyo pogawa zonse zimapita kwa wobwereketsayo.
Ngozi 1: wobwereka ngongole ndiye amene amaika patsogolo
Chiwopsezo chachikulu kwa wobwereketsa ndi dongosolo la udindo. Banki kapena munthu wina wokhala ndi ngongole ya nyumba ali ndi ufulu wobwereketsa nyumbayo ndipo motero amakhala patsogolo pa wobwereketsa wogwirizana. Izi zikutanthauza kuti ngongole ya nyumba - kuphatikizapo chiwongola dzanja chotsalira ndi ndalama zina - imalipidwa kaye kuchokera ku ndalama zogulitsira. Chotsalacho chokha ndi chomwe chimapezeka kwa wobwereketsa.
Kwa nyumba yomwe ili ndi ngongole yayikulu ya ngongole poyerekeza ndi mtengo wake wamsika, sipangakhale chilichonse chotsala kwa wobwereketsayo pambuyo poti ngongole ya nyumba yabwezedwa — ngakhale nyumbayo itagulitsidwa pamtengo wabwino.
Chiwopsezo chachiwiri: ndalama zomwe zapezeka pakugwiritsa ntchito malamulo ndi zochepa kuposa momwe amayembekezera
Malo ogulitsidwa kudzera mu malonda a anthu onse amagulitsidwa mochepa poyerekeza ndi malo omwe amagulitsidwa paokha pamsika wotseguka. Ofuna kugula malo amadziwa kuti akugula malo ogulitsidwa mokakamizidwa: ali ndi mwayi wochepa wowunikira, momwe malo alili nthawi zonse sizimadziwika bwino, ndipo pali mwayi woti wokhalamo kale sadzachoka mwakufuna kwawo. Zonsezi zikuwonekera pamtengo wotsika wopereka.
Mwachidule, ndalama zomwe zapezeka pokakamiza anthu kuti agwiritse ntchito ndalama nthawi zambiri zimakhala pansi pa 15 mpaka 30 peresenti ya mtengo wa msika wotseguka, nthawi zina kuposa pamenepo. Wobwereketsa amene wawerengera ndalama zake pogwiritsa ntchito mtengo wa msonkho wovomerezeka (WOZ) kapena lipoti lowunikira ndalama angadabwe kwambiri atatha kugulitsa.
Chiwopsezo 3: kupikisana ndi obwereketsa
Wobwereketsa nthawi zambiri samakhala yekha amene amayang'anira katundu wa wobwereketsa. Obwereketsa ena angakhalenso atatenga katunduyo, ndipo udindo wawo umatsimikiziridwa ndi tsiku lomwe adalembetsa ku Land Registry. Aliyense amene analipo kale ndiye amene amaika patsogolo.
Wobwereketsa amene afika mochedwa ali pachiwopsezo chodzakhala kumbuyo kwa mgwirizano wa masanjidwe, ndipo ndalama zomwe zilipo zatha panthawiyo. Chifukwa chake, ndibwino kupitiriza kubweza ngongoleyo mwachangu momwe mungathere mutalandira chikalata chovomerezeka.
Chiwopsezo 4: ndalama zimachepetsa ndalama zomwe zapezeka
Kukakamiza munthu kuti agwire ntchito yolimbana ndi katundu kumafuna ndalama zambiri: ndalama za bailiff pa ntchito ndi kugwirizanitsa katundu, ndalama za notary pa malonda kapena kugulitsa payekha, ndalama zolembetsera malo, komanso ndalama zochotsera munthu ngati wobwereketsa sakuchoka pamalowo mwaufulu. Ndalama zonsezi zimachotsedwa pa ndalama zogulitsira katunduyo asanalipidwe omwe abwereketsa.
Ngakhale kuti ndalama zoyendetsera ntchito zimakhala zapamwamba kuposa zopempha wamba, zimachepetsa ndalama zonse zomwe wobwereketsa amapeza. Pa katundu wamtengo wotsika kapena wokhala ndi ngongole yayikulu ya nyumba, ndalamazo zimatha kumeza gawo lalikulu la ndalama zilizonse zomwe zilipo.
Ngozi 5: njira zoletsera kukakamiza anthu kuti atsatire malamulo
Wobwereketsa ali ndi ufulu wotsutsa kukakamiza lamulo kudzera mu njira zoletsera kukakamiza lamulo (executiekortgeding) pamaso pa woweruza woyambirira (Article 438 Rv). Anganene kuti kukakamiza lamulo kuyimitsidwa, mwachitsanzo chifukwa akunena kuti pempholo lalipidwa kale (kagawo), kuti pali kugwiritsa ntchito molakwika mphamvu zokakamiza lamulo, kapena kuti pali zinthu zatsopano zomwe zikulepheretsa kukakamiza lamulo.
Kulephera kulipira si chifukwa chokwanira choyimitsa mlandu. Koma milandu yoletsa kubweza ngongole imawononga nthawi ndi ndalama, ngakhale wobwereketsayo atatsimikiziridwa kuti ndi wolondola. Motero, njirayi ikhoza kuchedwetsedwa kwa milungu ingapo, pomwe ndalama zimakwera.
Ngozi 6: kukakamiza mwachidule kwa wobwereketsa ngongole
Nkhani 3:268 BW imapatsa wobwereketsa ndalama ufulu wokhazikitsa malamulo (parate executie): akhoza kugulitsa katunduyo popanda chilolezo cha khoti komanso popanda wobwereketsa kupereka chilolezo. Ngati wobwereketsayo alephera kukwaniritsa zomwe akufuna pa ngongole ya nyumba, banki nthawi zambiri imasankha kupitiriza kuikhazikitsa yokha.
Zikatero, wobwereketsayo amataya mphamvu zonse. Banki imasankha nthawi, njira yogulitsira ndi notary. Wobwereketsayo amangoyembekezera kuti awone ngati pali chilichonse chomwe chingamuthandize pambuyo poti ngongole ya nyumba ndi ndalama zina zowonjezera zabwezedwa.
Ngozi 7: kulephera kwa wobwereketsa
Ngati wobwereketsa walengezedwa kuti walephera kulipira ngongole panthawi yokakamiza, woyang'anira yemwe ali mu bankirapuse amalowa m'malo mwa wobwereketsayo. Kusunga katunduyo kumakhala gawo la bankirapuse ndipo kukakamiza kwa munthu payekha kumayimitsidwa. Kuyambira pamenepo nkhaniyi imathetsedwa kudzera mu ndondomeko ya bankirapuse.
Woyang'anira nyumbayo ndiye amasankha kugulitsa katunduyo ndipo ndalama zomwe amapeza zimagawidwa motsatira lamulo la Bankruptcy Act. Kwa wobwereketsa wosatetezedwa — wopanda ngongole ya nyumba kapena lonjezo — izi zikutanthauza kuti nthawi zambiri amalipidwa gawo lochepa chabe la zomwe akufuna, ngati pali chilichonse.
Ngozi 8: ngongole yotsalayo sithetsa vuto lililonse
Ngakhale kutsimikizika bwino kwa lamulo sikuyenera kutanthauza kuti pempholo lakwaniritsidwa mokwanira. Ngati ndalama zomwe zapezeka, pambuyo pochotsa ngongole ya nyumba, ndalama ndi zina zomwe zapezeka, sizikwanira kulipira pempho lonselo, ngongole yotsalayo idzakhalapobe. Wobwereka ndiye amene ali ndi mlandu pa mlanduwo.
Koma wobwereketsa amene nyumba yake yatayika ndipo angakhale ndi mavuto azachuma nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi katundu wochepa woti abwezeretsedwe. Wobwereketsayo amakhala ndi ndalama zotsala, koma mwayi woti atenge nyumbayo umakhala wochepa.
Chiwopsezo 9: kukakamiza chigamulo choyamba pamene mukutaya apilo
Chigamulo chomwe chaperekedwa poyamba nthawi zambiri chimalengezedwa kuti chikugwira ntchito kwakanthawi. Izi zikutanthauza kuti mukuloledwa kupitiriza ndi kukakamiza pamene apilo ikudikirabe ndipo chifukwa chake chigamulo sichinafike pomaliza. Izi zingawoneke zokongola chifukwa simuyenera kudikira, koma zimakhala ndi chiopsezo chachikulu: ngati apilo yaperekedwa motsutsana nanu ndipo chigamulocho chachotsedwa, maziko alamulo omwe mudakhazikitsa motsutsana ndi katunduyo amasiya kugwira ntchito.
Zotsatira zake zingakhale zazikulu. Mukatero mudzakhala mutakhazikitsa popanda chilolezo chovomerezeka ndipo, kwenikweni, mudzakhala ndi mlandu pa kutayika komwe wobwereketsa wakumana nako chifukwa cha izi. Chifukwa chakuti katunduyo wagulitsidwa ndikusamutsidwira kwa munthu wina, nthawi zambiri simungathenso kubweza kugulitsako: wogula amene adapeza katunduyo mwachikhulupiriro chabwino pa malonda okakamiza amatetezedwa. Kenako muyenera kubweza ndalama zomwe mudalandira, ndipo kuwonjezera apo, mudzabweza kutayika kwina, monga kusiyana pakati pa mtengo wokakamiza ndi mtengo weniweni wa katunduyo, ndalama zosunthira ndi kuwonongeka kulikonse komwe kungachitike.
Udindo umenewu ndi wokhwima, wozikidwa pa zoopsa: aliyense amene amakakamiza chigamulo chomwe chimachotsedwa pambuyo pake amachita zinthu mwachisawawa, ngakhale atakhala ndi chikhulupiriro chabwino. Chifukwa chake, kutaya apilo kungakuwonongereni ndalama zambiri kuposa zomwe munapempha poyamba. Pachifukwa ichi, nthawi zonse ganizirani momwe mlandu wanu ulili wolimba, ngati winayo akupereka njira yobwezera, komanso ngati kuli kwanzeru kuyembekezera zotsatira za apilo m'malo mokakamiza nthawi yomweyo.
Kodi njira yabwino kwambiri yochitira zinthu ngati wobwereketsa ndi iti?
Musanayambe kukakamiza kuti katundu agulitsidwe, muyenera kuwunika mosamala. Dzifunseni mafunso otsatirawa: kodi mtengo wa katunduyo pamsika ndi wotani ndipo ngongole ya nyumba ndi yokwera bwanji? Kodi pali ena omwe ali ndi ngongole ndipo udindo wawo ndi wotani? Kodi pali katundu kapena ndalama za wobwereketsa zomwe zimakhala zosavuta komanso zotsika mtengo kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito? Ndipo kodi mgwirizano wabwino - kaya uli pachiwopsezo chokakamiza kuti munthu agulitsidwe - ndi njira yeniyeni?
Kuopseza kuti lamulo litsatidwe nthawi zina kumakhala kothandiza kwambiri kuposa lamulo lokhalo loletsa milandu. Obwereka omwe akudziwa kuti nyumba yawo ili pachiwopsezo nthawi zambiri amakhala okonzeka kuvomereza mgwirizano wolipira kapena mgwirizano womwe adakana kale. Kalata yofunsira kapena chidziwitso chotsimikizira kuti lamuloli litsatidwa bwino chingapereke zotsatira zomwe mukufuna popanda njira yayitali komanso yokwera mtengo yokakamiza kuti lamuloli litsatidwe mokwanira.
Kutsiliza
Kugulitsa katundu ndi chida champhamvu m'manja mwa wobwereketsa, koma palibe chitsimikizo cha kusonkhanitsa kwathunthu kwa zomwe akufuna. Njirayi imaphatikizapo zoopsa zingapo zalamulo, zachuma komanso njira zomwe zimafuna kukonzekera bwino komanso kusankha njira zoyenera. Kuyika patsogolo kwa wobwereketsa ngongole, ndalama zochepa zopezera ndalama zogwirira ntchito, ndalama zolipirira milandu, kuthekera kwa milandu yoletsa ndi chiopsezo cha bankirapuse zimapangitsa kuti njira iyi isayambe mopepuka.
Kodi inu, monga wobwereketsa, mungakonde kukonzedwa njira zomwe mungasankhire kuti mubwezeretsedwe, kapena mukufuna upangiri ngati kukakamiza ndi njira yoyenera pa vuto lanu? Maloya ku Law & More ndi okondwa kukuthandizani.
MAFUNSO OFUNSIDWA KAWIRIKAWIRI
Kodi ndikufunika chiyani kuti ndipereke ndalama zothandizira pa malo?
Mufunika udindo wokakamiza: nthawi zambiri chigamulo cha khothi chomwe chalengezedwa kuti chikugwira ntchito kwakanthawi, kapena chomwe nthawi yake yopempha apilo yatha. Pachifukwa chimenecho, bailiff akhoza kupereka chigamulocho, kupereka lamulo loti alipire, kenako n’kulipira katundu wa wobwereketsayo.
Kodi ndondomekoyi imatenga nthawi yayitali bwanji kuyambira pa kuyika mpaka kugulitsa kwenikweni?
Izi zimasiyana, koma muyenera kuwerengera osachepera miyezi itatu kapena isanu ndi umodzi. Nthawi yolengeza za malonda okakamiza, kuthekera kwa milandu yoletsa ndi wobwereketsa komanso mikangano iliyonse yokhudza dongosolo la masanjidwe zitha kupititsa patsogolo njirayi. Kugulitsa kwachinsinsi kudzera mwa woweruza woyambirira nthawi zina kumatha kuchitika mwachangu.
Kodi wobwereketsayo angaletse kukakamiza malamulo?
Wobwereka ngongole akhoza kubweretsa milandu yokhudza kukakamiza lamulo kwa woweruza woyambirira ndikupempha kuti lamuloli liyimitsidwe. Izi sizichitika mosavuta: kulephera kulipira sikukwanira. Woweruza milandu amalowererapo ngati pali kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu molakwika, mfundo zatsopano zomwe zimalepheretsa kukakamiza lamuloli, kapena cholakwika chowonekera pa chigamulo. Komabe, milandu yokhudza kukakamiza mlandu nthawi zonse imachedwetsa njirayi, ngakhale wobwerekayo atalephera.
Nanga chimachitika ndi chiyani ngati ndalama zomwe zapezeka pogulitsa zili zochepa kuposa ngongole?
Ngati ndalama zomwe zapezedwa sizikwanira kukwaniritsa zomwe zanenedwa, ngongole yotsalayo idzakhalapobe. Wobwereka ngongoleyo amakhalabe ndi mlandu pa nkhaniyi. Komabe, kwenikweni, kusonkhanitsa ngongole yotsalayo kumakhala kovuta: wobwereka ngongole yemwe wataya nyumba yake nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi katundu wochepa woti abwezeretsedwe. Mutha kulemba zomwe zanenedwazo kenako ndikugwiritsanso ntchito njira zokakamiza ngati wobwereka apeza katundu watsopano.
Kodi bankiyo ndi yofunika kwambiri kuposa ine monga wobwereketsa?
Inde. Wobwereka nyumba — nthawi zambiri banki yomwe idapereka ngongole — amakhala ndi udindo wapadera ndipo amalipidwa kaye kuchokera ku ndalama zomwe adagulitsa. Chokhacho chomwe chimatsala ngongole ya nyumba ikabwezedwa chimapita kwa omwe adabwereka, omwe amagawidwa malinga ndi tsiku lomwe adabweza ngongoleyo.
Kodi ine, monga wobwereketsa, ndingabweretsenso malonda achinsinsi?
Osati mwachindunji. Pempho la kugulitsa payekha motsatira Nkhani 3:268(2) BW liyenera kuperekedwa ndi wobwereketsa kapena wobwereketsa, osati ndi wobwereketsa wogwirizana. Komabe, mutha kuganizira mozama ndikupereka chilolezo chanu, zomwe zimawonjezera mwayi woti woweruza woyambirira avomereze pempholo. Kugulitsa payekha nthawi zambiri kumabweretsa phindu lalikulu kuposa kugulitsa, komwe kulinso ndi phindu lanu.
Nanga bwanji ngati wobwereketsa ali ndi katunduyo pamodzi ndi wina?
Kenako, kwenikweni, mungathe kungokakamiza gawo losagawika la wobwereketsa, osati gawo la mwiniwake wina, yemwe sali ndi mlandu pa ngongoleyo. Chifukwa gawo laling'ono silingathe kugulitsidwa, wobwereketsa wogwirizana angafune kugawa dera motsatira Article 3:180 BW, kuti katundu yense agulitsidwe ndipo inu mubwezeretsedwe kuchokera ku gawo la wobwereketsa la ndalama zomwe mwapeza. Izi ndizosiyana pamene eni onse awiri ali ndi mlandu, mwachitsanzo, okwatirana m'banja la anthu omwe ali ndi ngongole ya anthu; pamenepo katundu yense akhoza kukhala ngati chothandizira.
Kodi chimachitika ndi chiyani ngati wobwereketsa alephera kulipira ngongole yake panthawi yokakamiza kuti apereke ngongoleyo?
Ngati wobwereketsa walephera kulipira ngongole, woyang'anira amalowa m'malo mwake ndipo kukakamiza kwa munthu payekha kumayimitsidwa. Katunduyo amakhala gawo la chuma cha bankirapuse. Woyang'anira amagulitsa katunduyo ndikugawa ndalamazo motsatira lamulo la Bankruptcy Act. Monga wobwereketsa wopanda chitetezo - wopanda ufulu wachitetezo - ndiye kuti mumayikidwa kumbuyo kwa mzere ndipo mwayi wopeza ndalama zonse ndi wochepa.
Kodi kukakamiza kuletsa katundu nthawi zonse kumakhala chisankho chabwino kwambiri?
Osati mwa tanthauzo. Kukakamiza munthu kuti awononge katundu ndi njira yovuta komanso yokwera mtengo. Nthawi zina njira zina zobwezera ndalama — monga kusunga ndalama zomwe zili kubanki kapena kubweza ndalama zothandizira kuti munthu alandire ngongole — zimakhala zachangu komanso zotsika mtengo. Komanso, kuopseza kuti munthu alandire ngongoleyo kungakhale kokwanira kupangitsa kuti munthu amene ali ndi ngongoleyo agwirizane mwamtendere. Ndi bwino kufunsa loya pasadakhale amene angayang'ane njira zobwezera zomwe zingachitike pa vuto lanu.
