Makampani akunja ku Netherlands: misampha yovomerezeka yopewera

Kampani yakunja ikhoza kuchita bizinesi ku Netherlands kudzera mu nthambi yolembetsedwa kapena kudzera mu kampani yachinsinsi ya ku Dutch (besloten vennootschap, BV), ndipo mavuto ambiri azamalamulo amayamba ndi chisankho chimenecho. Mavuto ena obwerezabwereza ndikugwiritsa ntchito chitsanzo cha ntchito yakunyumba kwa ogwira ntchito ku Dutch, kupeputsa udindo wa masabata 104 wolipira wantchito wodwala, ndi mawu wamba omwe sanapangidwe kukhala gawo lovomerezeka la mgwirizano.

Malamulo aku Dutch ali ndi malamulo ndipo amapezeka mosavuta, koma ambiri mwa iwo ndi ofunikira: mapangano sangapatuke. Nkhaniyi ikufotokoza malamulo omwe ali kumbuyo kwa vuto lililonse, kuyambira kusankha njira yovomerezeka ndi kulembetsa mpaka ntchito, mapangano, malo olankhulirana, katundu wanzeru ndi chitetezo cha deta.

Nthambi kapena Dutch BV: ndi kapangidwe kanji komwe muyenera kusankha?

Sankhani pa udindo, osati pa liwiro. Nthambi imatsegulidwa mwachangu, koma kholo lakunja limakhala ndi udindo mwachindunji pa chilichonse chomwe nthambiyo imachita; BV imangoika udindo pa katundu wake.

Nthambi ndi bungwe lolembetsedwa la bungwe lakunja, osati munthu wovomerezeka payekha. Obwereketsa, antchito ndi akuluakulu amakumana ndi kholo lakunja lokha. BV imaphatikizidwa ndi chikalata cha notarial pamaso pa notari wa malamulo aboma aku Dutch (notaris) ndipo ndi munthu wovomerezeka kuyambira nthawi imeneyo, motsatira malamulo okhudza udindo wa owongolera omwe ali mu Buku 2 la Dutch Civil Code (BW).

Ofesi yogulitsa yokhala ndi antchito ochepa komanso yopanda mgwirizano wapafupi ingagwire ntchito bwino ngati nthambi. Bizinesi yomwe idzalemba antchito ntchito, kubwereka malo, mgwirizano ndi makasitomala aku Dutch komanso kukhala ndi chuma chanzeru nthawi zambiri imathandizidwa bwino ndi BV, zomwe zimakhala zosavuta kugulitsa kapena kusintha pambuyo pake. Kuchita zinthu m'dzina la BV isanakhalepo kumamanga munthu amene amachita zinthu payekha mpaka BV itavomereza malondawo; onani buku lathu lotsogolera ku BV . Ndondomeko yothandiza yafotokozedwa m'nkhani yathu yokhudza njira zalamulo zomwe simungadumphe.

Kaya ntchito ya ku Netherlands imapangitsa kuti anthu azilipira msonkho ndi nkhani yosiyana kwa mlangizi wa misonkho, wokhala ndi malamulo ake ku Belastingdienst. Konzani kaye dongosolo la malamulo, pazifukwa za udindo ndi ulamuliro.

Ndi kulembetsa ndi kufalitsa kotani komwe kumagwira ntchito?

Nthambi ndi BV zonse ziyenera kulembedwa mu Kaundula wa Bizinesi (Handelsregister) wa Chamber of Commerce (KVK), ndipo BV iyenera kulembetsa eni ake opindulitsa kwambiri mu kaundula wa UBO. Pambuyo pake, ntchito zowerengera ndalama ndi maakaunti apachaka a Book 2 BW zimagwira ntchito chaka chilichonse.

Lembetsani anthu omwe ali ndi chilolezo choyimira kampaniyo mosamala. Anthu ena angadalire zomwe kaundula akunena, kotero kuti cholembedwa chakale chingamangirire kampaniyo ku pangano losainidwa ndi munthu amene alibe ulamuliro.

Kulembetsa UBO kukupitirirabe kukhala kofunikira. Kuyambira pamene Khoti Loona za Ufulu la European Union linapereka chigamulo cha pa 22 Novembala 2022, kaundulayu sakutsegulidwanso kwa anthu onse; mwayi wopeza ndi wa akuluakulu ndi magulu omwe ali ndi chidwi chovomerezeka. Mabanki amapempha kuti alandire UBO akatsegula akaunti ya ku Netherlands, kotero nthawi zambiri izi zimakhala zofunika kwambiri.

Malinga ndi Nkhani 2:10 BW, bungweli liyenera kusunga zolemba zomwe ufulu ndi maudindo a kampaniyo angadziwike nthawi iliyonse, ndipo liyenera kuzisunga kwa zaka zisanu ndi ziwiri. Malinga ndi Nkhani 2:394, BW, BV iyenera kufalitsa maakaunti ake apachaka osapitirira miyezi khumi ndi iwiri kuchokera pamene chaka chachuma chatha. Ngati ntchitozi sizikwaniritsidwa ndipo kampaniyo yalephera kugwira ntchito, Nkhani 2:248(2) BW ikunena kuti bungweli lachita ntchito yake molakwika ndipo likuganiza kuti ichi chinali chifukwa chachikulu cha kulephera kugwira ntchito. Imeneyo ndiyo njira yachizolowezi yopezera udindo wa otsogolera.

Ndi maudindo ati a ntchito omwe olemba ntchito akunja amanyalanyaza?

Maudindo atatu amachititsa zodabwitsa kwambiri: malipiro opitilira munthawi ya kudwala, njira yotsekedwa yochotsera ntchito, ndi mapangano a ogwira ntchito pamodzi. Malamulo a ntchito ku Netherlands ndi ofunikira kwambiri, chilichonse chomwe buku la gululo likunena.

Matenda: Masabata 104 a malipiro ndi kubwezeretsedwa kwa anthu

Malinga ndi Article 7:629 BW, wantchito wodwala amakhala ndi ufulu wopeza 70% ya malipiro kwa masabata 104, ndipo m'masabata 52 oyambirira, malipiro ochepa omwe amaperekedwa ndi lamulo ayenera kulipidwa. Olemba ntchito ayenera kugwira ntchito yobwezeretsa antchito awo motsatira Gatekeeper Improvement Act (Wet verbetering poortwachter), ndi kusanthula mavuto ndi dongosolo lochitapo kanthu panthawi yokhazikika. Ngati UWV ipeza kuti kumapeto kwa zaka ziwiri, olemba ntchito sanachite zambiri, imawonjezera malipiro mpaka masabata 52 (Article 25(9) WIA).

Kuchotsedwa ntchito: mgwirizano kapena chilolezo

Bwana sangangothetsa ntchito. Kaya wantchito avomerezana mu mgwirizano wothetsa ntchito (vaststellingsovereeenkomst), kapena chilolezo chikufunika: kuchokera ku UWV chifukwa cha kuchotsedwa ntchito kapena kulephera kugwira ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali, komanso kuchokera ku khothi lachigawo (kantonrechter) chifukwa cha zifukwa monga kusagwira bwino ntchito, kusokonezeka kwa ubale wantchito kapena khalidwe loipa. Zifukwa zomveka zalembedwa mokwanira mu Article 7:669 BW, ndipo fayilo yomwe sikugwirizana ndi chifukwa chosankhidwayo yalephera.

Pakuchotsedwa ntchito motsogozedwa ndi olemba ntchito, malipiro osinthira (transitievergoeding) ayenera kulipidwa motsatira Article 7:673 BW: gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a malipiro a pamwezi pachaka chautumiki, kuyambira tsiku loyamba. Chifukwa chake, amalipidwanso pamene olemba ntchito athetsa mgwirizano panthawi ya mayeso. Chiwongola dzanja mu 2026 ndi €102,000, kapena malipiro amodzi pachaka ngati amenewo ndi okwera.

Mapangano a mgwirizano, kutumiza anthu ntchito ndi kupereka antchito

Pangano la ogwira ntchito m'magawo (CAO) lingalengezedwe kuti ndi logwirizana ndi Nduna ya Zachikhalidwe cha Anthu. Kenako limagwira ntchito kwa olemba ntchito onse m'gawoli, kaya ndi membala kapena ayi, ndipo limakhazikitsa masikelo a malipiro, ndalama zothandizira komanso nthawi zambiri maudindo a penshoni. Olemba ntchito akunja omwe amatumiza antchito ku Netherlands ayenera kudziwitsa olemba ntchito pasadakhale kudzera pa tsamba la ogwira ntchito ku Netherlands ndikutsatira malamulo ofunikira pantchito ku Netherlands.

Makampani omwe amapereka antchito ku mabizinesi ena akukumana ndi njira yatsopano yolandirira antchito motsatira lamulo lololeza antchito kuti alandire (Wet toelating terbeschikkingstelling van arbeidskrachten, Stb. 2025, 385). Malinga ndi Royal Decree ya 24 June 2026 (Stb. 2026, 159), njira yofunsira ntchito ikuyamba kugwira ntchito pa 1 Januware 2027, ndipo chiletso chopereka kapena kulemba antchito popanda kuloledwa, motsogozedwa ndi kutsatiridwa, chikutsatira pa 1 Januware 2028. Chidule chathu cha ufulu wa antchito ku Netherlands chikufotokoza mbali ya malamulo awa kwa antchito.

Ndi malamulo ati a mgwirizano wa ku Dutch omwe amaposa template yotumizidwa kunja?

Ufulu wa mgwirizano ndiye poyambira, koma bungwe lamalonda, malonda a ogula, mapangano ogulitsa ndi malamulo onse ali ndi malamulo omwe simungagwirizane nawo. Chitsanzo chakunja chomwe sichimawanyalanyaza chimalephera pomwe mukuchifuna.

Bungwe la zamalonda ndi chitsanzo chomveka bwino. Pamene wothandizira wa ku Netherlands amakambirana za mapangano a kampani yayikulu nthawi zonse, Nkhani 7:437 BW imakhazikitsa nthawi yodziwitsa ya miyezi inayi, kuphatikiza mwezi umodzi pambuyo pa zaka zitatu ndi miyezi iwiri pambuyo pa zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi, pokhapokha ngati maguluwo avomerezana mwanjira ina mkati mwa malire alamulo. Pakutha ntchito, Nkhani 7:442 BW imapatsa wothandizirayo chindapusa chabwino (klantenvergoeding) kwa makasitomala omwe akupitiliza kupindulitsa kampani yayikulu. Mapangano ogawa amagwera kunja kwa dongosololi, kotero kusankha pakati pa wothandizira ndi wogulitsa kuyenera kupangidwa mwadala.

Ogula ali ndi ufulu wa masiku khumi ndi anayi wochotsa zinthu pa mgwirizano wa mtunda ndi kunja kwa malo motsatira Article 6:230o BW, komanso muyezo wotsatira malamulo womwe sungachepe. Mapangano ogulitsa, malo odyera ndi malo opangira zinthu amagwera pansi pa lamulo loteteza la Article 7:290 BW ndi zinthu zotsatirazi.

Malamulo wamba ndi omwe zikalata zochokera kunja nthawi zambiri zimalephera. Malinga ndi Nkhani 6:233 ndi 6:234 BW, wogwiritsa ntchito ayenera kupatsa mbali ina mwayi wokwanira wowerenga malamulowo, mwa kuwapereka mgwirizano usanathe kapena pamene watha; apo ayi gawo, kuphatikizapo malire a udindo, lingathe kuthetsedwa. Makampani akuluakulu, monga omwe amafalitsa maakaunti apachaka kapena olemba anthu 50 kapena kuposerapo, sangadalire pazifukwa izi (Nkhani 6:235 BW). Pamene mbali zonse ziwiri zikunena za malamulo awoawo, Nkhani 6:225(3) BW imagwira ntchito pa mawu oyamba pokhapokha ngati mbali ina ikukana momveka bwino malamulowo. Chidule chathu cha mitundu ya mgwirizano wamalonda pansi pa lamulo la Dutch chikuwonetsa kuti ndi lamulo liti lomwe limagwirizira ku mgwirizano uti.

Mu chilankhulo chiti, pansi pa lamulo chiti komanso pamaso pa khothi liti?

Mapangano amalonda akhoza kukhala mu Chingerezi; lamulo la Chidatchi silifuna Chidatchi. Milandu ya kukhoti imakhala mu Chidatchi, kupatulapo ku Khoti Lamalonda la ku Netherlands (NCC) mu Amsterdam.

Pali malire awiri ogwira ntchito. Chidziwitso chomwe chikuyenera kuperekedwa kwa wantchito chiyenera kuperekedwa mu fomu yomwe wantchitoyo akumvetsa, ndipo zikalata zomwe zaperekedwa ku khothi lachi Dutch nthawi zambiri zimafunikira kumasuliridwa. Kuyambira mu 2019, NCC imamva mikangano yamalonda yapadziko lonse mu Chingerezi, bola ngati maguluwo asankha mwachindunji, ndi ndalama zake za khothi.

Sankhani nkhani yokhudza bwalo lamilandu polemba: NCC, khoti lachi Dutch kapena arbitration. Popanda kusankha, lamulo loyenera limatsatira lamulo la Rome I ndipo ulamuliro umatsatira lamulo la Brussels I bis, ndipo zotsatira zake nthawi zambiri sizingakhale zomwe gulu lililonse likanasankha.

Kodi mumateteza bwanji chuma chanzeru ku Netherlands?

Lembetsani zizindikiro zamalonda ndi mapangidwe a Benelux kapena EU; palibe chizindikiro chamalonda cha dziko la Dutch. Ma patent amadutsa ku Octrooicentrum Nederland kapena ku European Patent Office.

Ofesi ya Benelux Office for Intellectual Property (BOIP) imapereka chitetezo ku Belgium, Netherlands ndi Luxembourg pamodzi; Ofesi ya EU Intellectual Property (EUIPO) imapereka zizindikiro ndi mapangidwe a EU. Chizindikiro cha malonda chomwe sichigwiritsidwa ntchito kwenikweni mkati mwa zaka zisanu chikhoza kuchotsedwa, kotero kufalitsa zikalata zambiri komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mochepa kuli ndi chiopsezo chake. Kuyambira mu June 2023, patent ya ku Europe yokhala ndi mphamvu imodzi ikhoza kukhazikitsidwa pakati pa Khoti Logwirizana la Patent, lomwe lili ndi gawo lakumaloko ku The Hague.

Ufulu wachinsinsi umabwera popanda kulembetsa, koma umwini umafunika kusamalidwa. Ntchito yotumizidwa ndi freelancer waku Dutch kapena bungwe imakhalabe ndi wopanga pokhapokha ngati yaperekedwa ndi chikalata chosainidwa; lamulo lovomerezeka lomwe limapatsa olemba ntchito ufulu wachinsinsi limagwira ntchito kwa antchito okha. Zinsinsi zamalonda zimatetezedwa motsatira lamulo la Trade Secrets Protection Act (Wet bescherming bedrijfsgeheimen) pokhapokha mutatenga njira zoyenera kuti muzisunge mwachinsinsi. Buku lathu lotsogolera ku malamulo azinthu zanzeru ku Netherlands limafotokoza za kulembetsa.

Ndi malamulo ati oteteza deta ndi magawo omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito?

GDPR imagwira ntchito pa ntchito iliyonse ya ku Netherlands, yoyang'aniridwa ndi Dutch Data Protection Authority (Autoriteit Persoonsgegevens). Oyang'anira magawo ndi Cybersecurity Act (Cyberbeveiligingswet) amawonjezera ntchito zawo.

Kampani yokhazikitsidwa kunja kwa EU yomwe imapereka katundu kapena ntchito kwa anthu ku Netherlands, kapena kuyang'anira khalidwe lawo, iyenera kusankha woimira ku EU. Bizinesi iliyonse imafunika maziko ovomerezeka pa ntchito iliyonse yokonza, mbiri ya zochitika zokonza, ndi mgwirizano wokonza ndi wogulitsa aliyense amene amakonza deta yake. Kuphwanya deta yaumwini kuyenera kunenedwa kwa Autoriteit Persoonsgegevens mkati mwa maola 72, pokhapokha ngati sizingatheke kubweretsa chiopsezo.

Chakudya ndi zinthu zomwe ogula amagwiritsa ntchito zimagwera pansi pa NVWA, ntchito zachuma pansi pa AFM ndi De Nederlandsche Bank, komanso mpikisano ndi chitetezo cha ogula pansi pa ACM. Mabungwe omwe ali m'magawo omwe adasankhidwa ndi Cyberbeveiligingswet, omwe adayamba kugwira ntchito kuyambira pa 15 Ogasiti 2026 ngati njira yaku Dutch yogwiritsira ntchito NIS2 Directive, ayenera kulembetsa, kuchitapo kanthu pakuwongolera zoopsa ndikupereka lipoti la zochitika zazikulu mkati mwa nthawi yochepa yovomerezeka. Kutsatsa kudzera mwa opanga kuli ndi malamulo ake owululira; onani nkhani yathu yokhudza malonda olimbikitsa ku Netherlands ndi chidule chathu cha zofunikira zotsatizana.

Kodi muyenera kuyang'ana chiyani musanayambe ntchito yanu yaku Dutch?

Yesani macheke awa musanayambe pangano loyamba kapena kubwereka koyamba; chilichonse chikugwirizana ndi lamulo lomwe lili pamwambapa.

• Nthambi kapena BV: sankhani pazifukwa za mlandu, ndipo pa BV, konzani macheke a notary ndi akaunti ya banki.
• Onani kuti KVK kulowa ndi kulembetsa kwa UBO zikuwonetsa owongolera oyenera ndi ulamuliro wosainira.
• Lembani tsiku lomaliza la Nkhani 2:394 BW: maakaunti apachaka omwe amafalitsidwa mkati mwa miyezi khumi ndi iwiri kuchokera chaka chachuma.
• Yang'anani ngati CAO yomangirira onse ikugwira ntchito ndipo sinthani pangano la ntchito kuti ligwirizane ndi lamulo lokakamiza la ku Netherlands.
• Konzani chithandizo chamankhwala kuntchito (arbodienst) musanayambe lipoti loyamba la matenda.
• Malamulo anu onse, mgwirizano wa bungwe kapena wogawa ndi gawo la forum liwunikidwenso motsatira lamulo la ku Netherlands.

Kodi tingakuchitireni chiyani mukakhazikitsa ku Netherlands?

Timalangiza makampani akunja m'Chingerezi ndi Chidatchi kuti akhazikitse ndikuyendetsa bizinesi ya Chidatchi.

• Timayerekeza nthambi ndi BV malinga ndi momwe zinthu zilili ndipo timagwirizanitsa mgwirizanowu ndi notary.
• Timawunikanso mapangano anu antchito ndi buku lanu lothandizira motsutsana ndi lamulo lovomerezeka la ku Netherlands ndi CAO iliyonse yogwira ntchito.
• Timamanga kapena kuwunikanso fayilo yochotsera ntchito ya UWV kapena kantonrechter, kapena kukambirana za mgwirizano wothetsera mavuto.
• Timawunikanso malamulo anu onse, mapangano a bungwe lanu ndi kugawa katundu wanu ndikusankha gawo la forum limodzi nanu.
• Timaona chizindikiro chanu cha malonda, IP assignment ndi zikalata za GDPR.
• Timayendetsa milandu pamaso pa makhothi aku Netherlands, kuphatikizapo Khoti Lamalonda la ku Netherlands.

Chidule

• Nthambi imaika kholo lakunja pa udindo wonse; BV imaika udindo ku kampani yaku Dutch.
• Maakaunti a pachaka ochedwa (Nkhani 2:394 BW) amapanga lingaliro la kusayendetsa bwino ndalama pa bankirapuse motsatira Nkhani 2:248 BW.
• Ogwira ntchito odwala amasunga 70% ya malipiro awo kwa milungu 104, ndipo kuchotsedwa ntchito kumafuna mgwirizano kapena chilolezo cha UWV/khothi pazifukwa zomwe zili mu Article 7:669 BW.
• Malamulo okhudza bungwe, ogula, ogulitsa, ndi malamulo wamba amakhudza ma tempuleti ochokera kunja.
• Ogulitsa ntchito ayenera kuvomerezedwa motsatira Wtta: kulembetsa mgwirizano wosintha kuyambira pa 1 Novembala mpaka 31 Disembala 2026, ma fomu ofunsira kuyambira pa 1 Meyi mpaka 30 Juni 2027, kukakamizidwa kuyambira pa 1 Januwale 2028.

MAFUNSO OFUNSIDWA KAWIRIKAWIRI