Ngati chuma chambiri chikukhudzidwa, kusudzulana ku Netherlands kumakhala ntchito yamalamulo yokhala ndi magawo ambiri. Kuwerengera mtengo wa bizinesi, ufulu wa penshoni, ma portfolio a malo, katundu wapadziko lonse lapansi, ndi funso la lamulo la dziko lomwe limagwira ntchito - nkhani iliyonse mwa izi imatha kudziwa zotsatira zachuma za kulekana monga momwe zilili ndi mfundo zake. Nkhaniyi ikufotokoza za malamulo omwe amalamulira kusudzulana kwa chuma chambiri ku Netherlands ndikufotokozera komwe ukatswiri wa akatswiri umapangitsa kusiyana.
Ndondomeko ya malamulo ku Dutch yothetsa ukwati wokhala ndi chuma chambiri
Chisudzulo chamtengo wapatali ku Netherlands chimayang'aniridwa ndi Buku 1 la Burgerlijk Wetboek ndipo, komwe kuli mabungwe apadziko lonse lapansi, ndi EU Regulation 2016/1103 pa kayendetsedwe ka katundu wa ukwati ndi Rome III Regulation pa lamulo loyenera la chisudzulo. Zinthu ziwiri zimatanthauzira dongosolo la kugawa katundu nthawi zonse: nthawi yomwe anthu awiriwa adakwatirana, komanso ngati adalowa mgwirizano asanakwatirane (huwelijkse voorwaarden).
Kusintha kwa 2018: kuchoka pa malo odzaza anthu ambiri kupita ku malo ochepa okhala ndi anthu ochepa
Uwu ndiye kusintha kwakukulu kwambiri komwe kwachitika m'malamulo okhudza katundu wa mabanja ku Netherlands kwa zaka zambiri, ndipo ukupitilirabe kufotokoza mikangano m'mabanja omwe ali ndi chuma chambiri masiku ano.
Pasanafike pa 1 Januwale 2018, lamulo la ku Netherlands linalephera kupereka katundu wogwirizana (algehele gemeenschap van goederen). Chilichonse chomwe mwamuna kapena mkazi aliyense ali nacho - kuphatikizapo katundu wobweretsedwa mu ukwati ndi cholowa chomwe adalandira panthawiyo - chinakhala katundu wa ukwati wogwirizana.
Kuyambira pa 1 Januwale 2018 kupita mtsogolo, cholowacho chinasinthidwa kukhala limited community of property (beperkte gemeenschap van goederen). Katundu ndi ngongole zomwe zinasonkhanitsidwa panthawi ya ukwati ndi zomwe zili za eni ake ogwirizana. Katundu ndi cholowa zomwe sizinachitike mu ukwati sizimachotsedwa - bola ngati zitha kulembedwa.
Kwa okwatirana omwe anakwatirana motsatira dongosolo lakale omwe anali ndi chuma chambiri asanakwatirane, katundu wolowa, kapena bizinesi yakale, kuwerengera magawano kumakhala kovuta kwambiri. Zolemba za zomwe zinalipo ukwati usanachitike nthawi zambiri zimatsutsidwa, ndipo kusanthula kwa milandu yofufuza milandu nthawi zambiri kumafunika.
Zofuna za bizinesi pa chisudzulo: vuto la DGA
Kwa amalonda omwe amachita bizinesi yawo kudzera mu besloten vennootschap (BV), kusudzulana kumayambitsa mafunso ambiri omwe amapitirira kugawa katundu wamba. Milandu iyi imafuna katswiri wa zamalamulo a mabanja kugwira ntchito mogwirizana ndi loya wamakampani - kuphatikiza komwe sikofala pamsika waku Netherlands. Makampani ambiri azamalamulo a mabanja amatumiza mafunso amakampani kwa alangizi akunja, ndikuwonjezera mtengo ndi kuchedwa.
Gawani mtengo
Pamene magawo a BV ali mbali ya chuma cha ukwati, ayenera kuwerengedwa ngati gawo la gawolo. Makhothi aku Dutch amagwiritsa ntchito njira zodziwika bwino zowerengera mtengo wa bizinesi - nthawi zambiri njira yochepetsera ndalama zomwe zagwiritsidwa ntchito kapena kusanthula kofananira kwa malonda - koma maguluwo nthawi zambiri amatsutsana ndi njirayo komanso zomwe zaperekedwa. Akatswiri owerengera ndalama nthawi zonse amakhala otanganidwa, ndipo malipoti awo amakhala maziko azachuma a mkanganowo.
Kapangidwe ka DGA ndi chuma cha banja
Mtsogoleri wa kampani ya grootaandeelhouder (DGA) yemwe ali ndi magawo mu BV yake akukumana ndi mafunso angapo okhudzana ndi chisudzulo:
- Kodi magawo a BV ndi gawo la banja motsatira ndondomeko yoyenera ya katundu?
- Kodi mtengo wa magawo pamsika ndi wotani, ndipo ndi njira iti yowerengera mtengo yomwe imagwira ntchito?
- Kodi BV ili ndi katundu kapena mangawa omwe amakhudza kwambiri mtengo wake?
- Kodi mkazi kapena mwamuna amene si mwini wake ali ndi ufulu wolandira gawo la mtengo wa kampani kapena la mtengo wonse wa katundu?
- Kodi pali mapangano a eni masheya omwe amaletsa kusamutsa magawo?
Ufulu wa penshoni mu dongosolo la DGA
Ma DGA ambiri adasonkhanitsa ufulu wa penshoni mkati mwa BV yawo (pension in eigen beheer) lamulo la 2017 lisanathetsedwe kuti ndalama zina zopezera penshoni zipitirire ku kampani. Kusamalira ufulu wakale wa penshoniwu pamilandu yosudzulana ndi gawo lapadera mkati mwa gawo lomwe kale linali lapadera, ndipo kumafuna mgwirizano wosamala pakati pa malamulo a mabanja ndi ukatswiri wamakampani.
Malo ndi ma portfolio a ndalama
Kusudzulana kwa katundu wambiri nthawi zambiri kumakhala ndi malo ambiri okhala ndi nyumba: nyumba zachinsinsi, malo osungiramo ndalama, ndi ma portfolios obwereka. Katundu aliyense amafunika kuyesedwa kovomerezeka ndi wowerengera ndalama (msonkho), kuwunika ngongole za nyumba ndi kugawa kwake, ndi chisankho chogawa - gulu limodzi likugulitsa lina, kapena kugulitsa mokakamiza kudzera kukhoti.
Pa ndalama zomwe zasungidwa, funso lalikulu ndilakuti kodi phindu lomwe lapezeka pa nthawi ya ukwati ndi katundu wogwirizana kapena ngati limachokera ku katundu wochotsedwa asanalowe m'banja. Mbiri yatsatanetsatane ya zochitika ndi kusanthula kwa akatswiri nthawi zambiri zimakhala zofunikira kwambiri pankhani ya chuma chambiri.
Gawo la penshoni motsatira malamulo aku Dutch
Ufulu wa penshoni womwe wapezedwa pa ukwati uyenera kugawidwa motsatira Wet verevening pensioenrechten bij scheiding (WVPS). Mkazi aliyense ali ndi ufulu wopeza theka la ufulu wa penshoni womwe mnzake adasonkhanitsa pa ukwati, womwe umaphimba mapenshoni a ntchito ndi zinthu za annuity. Okwatirana amatha kusiya kugawa kofanana mwalamulo mwa mgwirizano - m'milandu yokhala ndi chuma chambiri, izi nthawi zambiri zimachitika ngati gawo la mgwirizano waukulu pomwe gulu limodzi limalandira katundu wina wofanana m'malo mwa gawo la penshoni. Pa makonzedwe a penshoni a DGA ndi makonzedwe ena osakhala ofanana, dongosolo lokhazikika la WVPS siligwira ntchito bwino, ndipo upangiri wa akatswiri ndi wofunikira.
Mavuto a m'malire: chisudzulo chamtengo wapatali padziko lonse lapansi
Kwa maanja oyenda padziko lonse lapansi - ochokera ku Netherlands, nzika zaku Netherlands zomwe zili ndi katundu kunja, kapena maanja ochokera kumayiko awiri - kusudzulana kumaphatikizapo malamulo apadziko lonse lapansi omwe milandu yokhazikika siifunikira. Chilichonse mwa izi chimagwira ntchito payekha ndipo chiyenera kuwunikidwa pachiyambi cha mlandu.
Lamulo logwira ntchito: Lamulo la Rome III
Lamulo la Rome III (EU 1259/2010) limasankha lamulo la banja la dziko lomwe limayang'anira chisudzulo chokha. Okwatirana amatha kusankha lamulo loyenera kuchokera ku zosankha zomwe zafotokozedwa; popanda gawo losankha lamulo, lamuloli limagwiritsa ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana zolumikizirana. Kwa okwatirana ambiri omwe amakhala ku Netherlands nthawi zambiri, lamulo la Dutch limagwira ntchito - koma izi sizichitika zokha nthawi zonse, ndipo zotsatira za lingaliro lolakwika zimakhala zazikulu.
Ndondomeko ya katundu wa ukwati: Lamulo la EU 2016/1103
Kugawa katundu kumayendetsedwa mosiyana ndi chisudzulo chokha. Kwa okwatirana pa 29 Januwale 2019 kapena pambuyo pake omwe ali ndi gawo lapadziko lonse lapansi, Lamulo la EU 2016/1103 limasankha mwachindunji lamulo la dziko lomwe limagwira ntchito kugawa katundu. Izi zitha kusiyana ndi lamulo lolamulira chisudzulo.
Ulamuliro: Brussels IIb
Ulamuliro pa milandu yokhudza kusudzulana m'maiko omwe ali mamembala a EU ukulamulidwa ndi Brussels IIb (EU 2019/1111), yomwe idayamba kugwira ntchito mu Ogasiti 2022. Lamuloli limayang'aniranso kuzindikira ndi kukakamiza ziweruzo za kusudzulana ndi zisankho zokhudzana ndi udindo wa makolo m'maiko onse omwe ali mamembala a EU.
Katundu m'madera osiyanasiyana
Pamene katundu - malo, maakaunti akubanki, ndi ndalama zomwe zasungidwa - zili m'maiko ambiri, gawoli limakhala ndi malamulo ambiri. Si katundu yense wotere amene angagawidwe ndi chigamulo cha khoti la ku Netherlands; nthawi zina milandu yokakamiza milandu m'maiko akunja imafunika, zomwe zimawonjezera mtengo komanso zovuta.
Nkhani zokhudza ana opitirira malire
Kwa mabanja omwe ana awo akhala m'maiko ambiri, ulamuliro wa makolo ndi makonzedwe okhala m'dzikolo amagwirizana ndi malamulo a m'dziko la Dutch komanso malamulo apadziko lonse lapansi - makamaka Msonkhano Woteteza Ana ku Hague wa 1996, komanso, ngati kuli koyenera, Msonkhano Wobera Anthu ku Hague wa 1980. Mapulani amenewa amagwirizana ndi Brussels IIb ndipo ayenera kusamalidwa ndi loya yemwe ali ndi chidziwitso chapadera pa malamulo a mabanja padziko lonse lapansi.
Alimony m'milandu yachuma chambiri
Ndalama zothandizira okwatirana (partneralimentatie) zimawerengedwa mosiyana pamilandu yokhala ndi chuma chambiri kuposa milandu yokhazikika yokhudzana ndi ndalama. Malangizo a Tremanormen amapereka njira, koma makhothi aku Dutch amasunga ufulu wawo pomwe kuwerengera ndalama zomwe zimafunika sikukuwonetsa mulingo weniweni wa moyo panthawi ya ukwati. Mikangano pamilandu yokhala ndi chuma chambiri nthawi zambiri imayamba motere:
- Kufotokozera za phindu la ndalama zomwe zayikidwa ngati "ndalama" zogulira zinthu zothandizira ana.
- Ndalama zomwe zimawerengedwa kuchokera ku bizinesi ndi kapangidwe ka DGA.
- Kutalika kwa udindo wa alimony m'maukwati aatali omwe ali ndi kusiyana kwakukulu kwa chuma.
- Kugwirizana pakati pa gawo la alimony ndi gawo la chuma mu mgwirizano wonse.
Bwanji Law & More akuyandikira kusudzulana kwa ndalama zambiri
Law & More ndi kampani ya zamalamulo ku Netherlands yokhala ndi maofesi ku Eindhoven (Marconilaan 13) ndi AmsterdamGulu la malamulo a mabanja limalangiza makasitomala omwe ali ndi chuma chambiri pankhani ya kusudzulana kovuta mu Chidatchi ndi Chingerezi, komanso kulumikizana mwachindunji ndi akatswiri azamalamulo amakampani mkati mwa kampaniyo pamilandu yokhudza nyumba za BV, magawo a DGA, ndi kuwerengera mtengo kwa bizinesi. Kampaniyo imayang'anira:
- Kugawa chuma m'mabanja omwe ali ndi ndalama zambiri, kuphatikizapo malo ndi ndalama zogulira nyumba.
- Kuwerengera mtengo wa magawo a BV ndi kapangidwe ka DGA pankhani yogawa katundu wa m'banja.
- Milandu yapadziko lonse yokhudza kusudzulana ikugwiritsa ntchito Rome III, EU 2016/1103, ndi Brussels IIb.
- Gawo la penshoni pansi pa WVPS ndi makonzedwe a penshoni a DGA.
- Ndalama zothandizira anthu ogwirizana m'mabungwe ovuta kupeza ndalama, kuphatikizapo malipiro a DGA ndi magawo a equity.
- Ulamuliro wa makolo odutsa malire ndi makonzedwe osamalira ana.
- Kuthetsa ukwati ndi kuyanjana ngati njira ina m'malo mwa milandu yotsutsana kukhoti.
Milandu ya kusudzulana kwa chuma chambiri ku Law & More Amasamaliridwa ndi akatswiri odzipereka a zamalamulo a mabanja omwe ali ndi mwayi wolumikizana mwachindunji ndi gulu la zamalamulo la kampani - popanda ndalama kapena kuchedwa kwa otumiza akunja. Kampaniyo ingapezeke maola 24 pa sabata pa +31 40 369 06 80 kapena kudzera pa imelo pa [imelo ndiotetezedwa].
MAFUNSO OFUNSIDWA KAWIRIKAWIRI
Kodi kusintha kwa lamulo la katundu wa mabanja ku Netherlands mu 2018 kumakhudza okwatirana omwe adakwatirana chaka cha 2018 chisanafike?
Ayi. Okwatirana omwe anakwatirana pasanafike pa 1 Januwale 2018 amakhalabe pansi pa dongosolo lakale la chuma pokhapokha atasintha mgwirizano wawo wa chuma ndi chikalata cha notarial. Okwatirana okha omwe anakwatirana pa 1 Januwale 2018 kapena pambuyo pake ndi omwe amaloledwa kukhala pansi pa mgwirizano wa chuma.
Kodi chimachitika ndi chiyani ndi bizinesi yanga pa chisudzulo cha ku Netherlands?
Ngati magawo anu a BV ndi katundu wa ukwati motsatira dongosolo loyenera, amaphatikizidwa mu gawo la katundu ndipo ayenera kuyesedwa pamtengo woyenera pamsika. Mkazi kapena mwamuna yemwe si mwini wake ali ndi ufulu wopeza theka la gawo la ukwati la mtengo umenewo. Izi nthawi zambiri zimathetsedwa ndi mkazi kapena mwamuna yemwe ali ndi bizinesiyo polipira winayo ndalama, kusamutsa katundu wina wofanana, kapena - nthawi zina - kusamutsa gawo lina. Zotsatira zake zimadalira dongosolo loyenera la katundu wa ukwati ndi zomwe zili mu mgwirizano uliwonse wa ukwati.
Kodi mgwirizano wa ukwati ungachotse bizinesi yanga ku gawo la bizinesi?
Inde, kwenikweni. Pangano lolembedwa bwino musanakwatirane lingachotse zofuna za bizinesi musanakwatirane ndipo, nthawi zina, kukula kwa bizinesi panthawi ya ukwati. Komabe, kulemba kwenikweni ndikofunikira kwambiri - mawu osamveka bwino oletsa ukwati nthawi zambiri amakambidwa. Ngati muli ndi pangano musanakwatirane ndipo mukulowa mu milandu ya chisudzulo, funsani katswiri kuti awonenso momwe limagwirira ntchito musanaganize kuti limateteza zofuna za bizinesi yanu.
Kodi kusiyana pakati pa alimony ndi gawo la chuma ku Netherlands ndi kotani?
Kugawa chuma (vermogensverdeling) ndi kugawa chuma cha banja kamodzi kokha. Alimony (alimentatie) ndi malipiro opitilira nthawi ndi nthawi kwa mwamuna kapena mkazi wakale kapena kusamalira ana. Ndi zida zosiyana mwalamulo komanso zachuma. Pa milandu yokhala ndi chuma chambiri, ziwirizi nthawi zambiri zimakambidwa pamodzi ngati gawo la mgwirizano wonse.
Kodi chisudzulo chamtengo wapatali chimatenga nthawi yayitali bwanji ku Netherlands?
Kusudzulana kwa ndalama zambiri komwe kumakhudzana ndi mitengo ya bizinesi yotsutsana, mikangano ya penshoni, kapena mabungwe apadziko lonse lapansi nthawi zambiri kumatenga miyezi khumi ndi iwiri mpaka makumi awiri mphambu inayi. Milandu yomwe imapitilira kukhoti lonse pa nkhani zonse ingatenge nthawi yayitali. Mapangano okhazikika omwe amathetsa mavuto akuluakulu azachuma ndi makolo amatha kuchepetsa kwambiri nthawi yoikidwiratu, ngakhale m'milandu yovuta.
Kodi udindo wa notary pa chisudzulo cha ku Netherlands ndi wotani?
Notary (notaris) amafunika pazinthu zina zokhudzana ndi chisudzulo ku Netherlands, kuphatikizapo kugawa malo ndi kulembetsa kusamutsa katundu. Notary sayimira mbali iliyonse - ndi mkulu wa boma wosalowerera ndale. Pa zisudzulo zokhudzana ndi kusamutsa magawo a BV, notary amalemba ndikulemba chikalata chosamutsa katundu.
