Momwe Mungachotsere Wantchito Woopsa Mwalamulo ku Netherlands: Buku Lotsogolera Olemba Ntchito

Antchito oopsa angawononge kwambiri bungwe lanu. Mphamvu zawo nthawi zambiri zimapitirira pa ntchito zawo zoipa; khalidwe loipa lopitirira, khalidwe loipa, ndi malo oipa kuntchito zimapangitsa kuti gulu lonse lizigwira ntchito mochepa, kusapezeka pa ntchito, komanso kutaya luso lanu lamtengo wapatali.

Komabe, ku Netherlands, kungochotsa munthu chifukwa chakuti ndi "wovuta" kapena "wowononga mtima" sikophweka. Ntchito ku Netherlands chilamulo imapereka chitetezo champhamvu kwa antchito, ndipo oweruza amaika zofunikira kwambiri pa zifukwa zalamulo ndi zikalata. Kuganiza kosamveka bwino kuti "sikukuyenda bwino" sikungagwire ntchito kukhothi.

Buku lotsogolera lonseli likufotokoza za malamulo onse okhudza kuchotsa wantchito woopsa ku Netherlands, zofunikira pa zikalata zofunika, ndi mavuto omwe amapezeka kawirikawiri. Mwa kutsatira njira izi, mutha kuyendetsa bwino njirayi ndikubwezeretsa thanzi la bungwe lanu.

Kodi Wantchito Woopsa Amachita Chiyani?

Ndikofunikira kusiyanitsa pakati pa wantchito amene sagwira bwino ntchito ndi amene alidi ndi poizoni. Wantchito woopsa ndi wantchito amene amawononga malo ogwirira ntchito, mgwirizano, ndi magwiridwe antchito mwachisawawa kudzera mu khalidwe loipa lopitirira. Izi zimapitirira kuposa khalidwe loipa nthawi zina—ndi khalidwe lomwe limabweretsa kuwonongeka kosatha.

Kuti mupange izi zenizeni, ganizirani kusiyana pakati pa "Wosachita Bwino" ndi "Wogwira Ntchito Woopsa":

• Wosachita bwino: Amalephera kupeza zinthu zogulitsira kapena amavutika kugwiritsa ntchito mapulogalamu, koma amafunitsitsa kuphunzira komanso nthawi zambiri amakhala aulemu.
• Wogwira Ntchito Woopsa: Amanyalanyaza anthu omwe amagulitsa zinthu, amadzudzula “gulu losadziwa bwino ntchito yogulitsa zinthu,” amanena za moyo wa manejala panthawi ya nkhomaliro, ndipo amaponya maso awo pamene anzake akumuthandiza.

Zizindikiro za khalidwe la poizoni ndi izi:

• Kulankhula miseche nthawi zonse: Kufalitsa mphekesera zokhudza ogwira nawo ntchito ndi oyang'anira kuti abweretse kusamvana.
• Kuwononga kogwira ntchito: Kubisa mfundo zofunika kapena kulepheretsa mapulojekiti.
• Kusokoneza dongosolo: Kukayikira pagulu ulamuliro ndi zisankho mwanjira yosalimbikitsa.
• Kukana kugwirizana: Khalidwe lolimbikira lakuti “si ntchito yanga” kapena kukana kutenga nawo mbali mu ntchito ya gulu.
• Kuopseza ndi kuzunza: Kuukira koonekeratu kapena kobisika, kuletsa ena, kapena khalidwe lopitirira malire.
• Kupanga mkangano: Kupambana pa chisokonezo ndi kusunga mlengalenga woipa.

Ndikofunikira kudziwa bwino nthawi yomwe khalidwe limadutsa malire kuchoka pa "zovuta" kupita ku "zovulaza" zenizeni.

Malamulo: Zifukwa Zochotsera Munthu Pantchito Chifukwa cha Khalidwe Loipa

Kuchotsa wantchito chifukwa cha khalidwe loipa kumayendetsedwa ndi Ndime 7:669 ya Dutch Civil Code (Burgerlijk Wetboek - BW)Nkhaniyi ikunena kuti pangano la ntchito lingathetsedwe pokhapokha ngati pali "zifukwa zomveka" ndipo kusamutsa anthu ntchito mkati mwa nthawi yoyenera sikungatheke kapena sikuli koyenera.

Pa khalidwe loipa, zifukwa ziwiri zochotsera munthu ndi zofunika kwambiri: 'e-ground' ndi 'g-ground'.

1. Nkhani 7:669(3)(e) BW: Zochita Zolakwa kapena Zosiyidwa

Mfundo imeneyi imagwira ntchito ngati wantchitoyo ali ndi mlandu wochita zinthu zinazake kapena zolephera. Izi sizikutanthauza kulephera (luso), koma kukana kapena kuchita zinthu molakwika.

zitsanzo:

• Kuphwanya lamulo lalikulu, monga kugawana zinsinsi.
• Khalidwe loipa lotsutsana ndi machitidwe abwino pantchito, monga nkhanza.
• Kuphwanya mwadala malangizo oyenera.

zofunika:
Khalidweli liyenera kukhala chifukwa cha wantchito (kulakwa). Liyenera kukhala lalikulu mokwanira kotero kuti olemba ntchito sangayembekezeredwe kupitiriza mgwirizano. Kuphatikiza apo, njira zochepa zovuta—monga machenjezo aboma kapena kuyimitsidwa ntchito—ziyenera kuti zinayesedwa ndipo zapezeka kuti sizokwanira.

2. Nkhani 7:669(3)(g) BW: Ubale Wosokonekera pa Ntchito

Mfundo imeneyi imagwira ntchito pamene ubale wa ntchito wasokonekera kwambiri kotero kuti olemba ntchito sangayembekezeredwe kupitiriza mgwirizano wa ntchito. Iyi nthawi zambiri ndiyo njira yoyenera kwambiri pazochitika "zoopsa" pomwe zochita zinazake zomwe zingachitike zingakhale zovuta kuzizindikira, koma vuto lonse silingatheke.

zofunika:

• Kusokonezeka kuyenera kukhala kwakukulu komanso kokhalitsa.
• Kubwezeretsa ubale wa ntchito (monga, kudzera mu mgwirizano) sikuyenera kuchitika.
• Bwana ayenera kusonyeza kuti pakhala kuyesetsa koyenera kuti zinthu ziyende bwino.

Kuchotsedwa Mwachidule (Nkhani 7:677-678 BW)

Muzochitika zapadera komanso zoopsa kwambiri, kuchotsedwa ntchito mwachidule (ontslag op staande voet) kungakhale koyenera. Izi zimathetsa mgwirizano nthawi yomweyo, popanda chidziwitso komanso popanda malipiro olekanitsa ntchito.

zitsanzo:

• Kuukira mwakuthupi kapena ziwopsezo zodalirika.
• Kunyoza kapena kuopseza kwambiri.
• Chinyengo chachikulu kapena kuba.

Zindikirani: Kuchotsedwa ntchito mwachangu kumafuna "chifukwa chofunikira mwachangu" ndipo kuyenera kuchitidwa nthawi yomweyo (mkati mwa masiku ofufuza). Iyi ndi nthawi yovomerezeka yalamulo yomwe makhothi amafufuza mosamala. Ngati mulephera kutsimikizira chifukwa chofunikira mwachangu, kuchotsedwa ntchito sikuli koyenera, ndipo mutha kukumana ndi milandu yayikulu ya malipiro.

Zolemba: Maziko a Kuchotsedwa Kwabwino Kwa Aliyense

Dutch kesi chilamulo amagogomezera lamulo limodzi nthawi zonse: popanda zikalata zoyenera, palibe kuchotsedwa ntchitoBwana ndiye ali ndi udindo wonse wopereka umboni.

Olemba ntchito ambiri amalephera chifukwa amadalira mfundo zinazake. Khoti silingavomereze mlandu monga: "Nthawi zonse amakhala ndi maganizo oipa." Muyenera kutsimikizira.

Kodi Fayilo Yanu Yolembera Iyenera Kukhala Ndi Chiyani?

Fayilo ya zikalata zaukadaulo iyenera kuphatikizapo, osachepera:

1. Kufotokozera zenizeni za zochitika
Pewani mawu ofotokozera; gwiritsani ntchito mfundo zenizeni.

• Zoipa: "John anali wamwano pamsonkhano."
• Zabwino: "Pa 12 Marichi nthawi ya 14:00, panthawi ya msonkhano wa mapulani, John anasokoneza nkhaniyo, anagunda kabuku kake patebulo, ndipo anati mtsogoleri wa polojekitiyi 'sanathe'."

2. Malipoti olembedwa a misonkhano
Makambirano onse okhudza khalidwe ayenera kulembedwa. Phatikizanipo:

• Malipoti a zokambirana zonse zokhudza magwiridwe antchito ndi kuwunika.
• Mphindi zochepa za zokambirana zochenjeza.
• Chofunika kwambiri: Mayankho a wantchito pa milandu (mfundo ya hoor en wederhoor—ufulu womvedwa).
• Tsiku limene malipoti anaperekedwa kwa wantchito.

3. Machenjezo ndi mapulani okonzanso

• Machenjezo olembedwa okhala ndi mfundo zenizeni zowongolera.
• Mapangano okhudza mapulani okonzanso zinthu okhala ndi zolinga zoyezeka.
• Nthawi zowunikira ndi malipoti a momwe zinthu zikuyendera.
• Umboni woti wantchitoyo anapatsidwa mwayi wokwanira woti apite patsogolo.

4. Ndemanga za chipani chachitatu

• Mawu olembedwa mwatsatanetsatane ochokera kwa anzanu (akhoza kusadziwika pachiyambi, koma pamapeto pake nthawi zambiri amafunika mayina).
• Madandaulo ochokera kwa makasitomala.
• Maimelo kapena mauthenga a Slack/Teams osonyeza khalidweli.

5. Umboni wa kuyesa kusamutsa anthu ena

• Chidule cha chifukwa chake wantchito sangasamutsidwire ku dipatimenti ina (monga, “Khalidwe loipa ndi khalidwe lomwe lingakhudze gulu lililonse”).

Lamulo la Mlandu: Kodi Cholakwika N'chiyani?

ECLI:NL:RBZWB:2025:8493 – Kusakwanira kwa simenti yokhazikika
Khoti lachigawo chaching'ono linakana pempho lothetsa ntchito chifukwa olemba ntchitowo sanathe kufotokoza momveka bwino zomwe zinachitika. Anali ndi "malingaliro" ndi "madandaulo ambiri," koma analibe masiku, nthawi, kapena mawu enieni.

Phunziro: Mafotokozedwe osamveka bwino komanso kusowa kwa machenjezo olembedwa kumapha mlandu wanu.

Ndondomeko ya Gawo ndi Gawo: Njira Yoyenera Mwalamulo

Gawo 1: Kuzindikiritsa ndi Kulemba Zolemba Zoyamba (Sabata 1-2)

Zochita:

• Lembani zochitika zonse zakale ndi zamakono ndi tsiku, nthawi, mboni, ndi mfundo zenizeni.
• Kusonkhanitsa umboni weniweni (maimelo, mauthenga ochezera).
• Pemphani mawu olembedwa kuchokera kwa mboni.
• Unikani momwe gululo lidzakhudzire.

Vuto: Musadikire. Zokumbukira zimazimiririka. Ngati chochitika chichitika Lachiwiri, lembani Lachiwiri.

Gawo 2: Msonkhano Woyamba ndi Wantchito (Sabata 2-3)

Zochita:

• Konzani msonkhano wovomerezeka.
• Fotokozani makhalidwe enieni omwe ali ovuta.
• Ufulu womvedwa: Perekani mwayi wogwira ntchitoyo momveka bwino kuti ayankhe.
• Lembani nkhaniyo mu lipoti lolembedwa ndipo muwatumizire imelo.

Mapangidwe a msonkhano:

1. Kuyamba: Cholinga cha zokambiranazo.
2. Mfundo: Fotokozani zochitika zenizeni.
3. Yankho: Mvetserani mbali ya wantchito.
4. Zoyembekeza: Fotokozani momveka bwino zomwe ziyenera kusintha.
5. Mgwirizano: Konzani zochita zotsatila.

Gawo 3: Chenjezo Lolembedwa (Sabata 3-4)

Ngati khalidweli lipitirira, mupita ku chenjezo lovomerezeka.

Zochita:

• Tumizani chenjezo lolembedwa (positi yolembetsedwa kapena imelo yotsimikizika).
• Lankhulani momveka bwino za khalidwe lomwe muyenera kusiya.
• Ikani nthawi yomveka bwino yoti musinthe.
• Zotsatira: Nenani momveka bwino kuti kulephera kusintha kungayambitse kuthetsedwa kwa ntchito.

Chitsanzo cha kapangidwe kake:
"Pambuyo pa zokambirana zathu pa [tsiku], tikukuchenjezani mwalamulo za khalidwe lanu pankhani ya [zochitika zinazake]. Izi n'zosemphana ndi machitidwe abwino pantchito. Tikuyembekezera kuti mutero nthawi yomweyo [malo okonzera zinthu]. Ngati palibe kusintha kokhazikika, izi zitha kuchititsa kuti ntchito yanu ithe."

Gawo 4: Ndondomeko Yowongolera ndi Kuyang'anira (Sabata 4-12)

Pa milandu ya khalidwe, Ndondomeko Yothandizira Kuchita Bwino (PIP) nthawi zambiri imakhala yofunikira, ngakhale ingakhale yochepa kuposa pa nkhani za luso.

Zochita:

• Khazikitsani dongosolo lomveka bwino lokhala ndi zolinga zoyezeka (monga, “Kulankhulana mwaulemu pamisonkhano yonse ya gulu”).
• Konzani nthawi zowunikira sabata iliyonse kapena ziwiri pa sabata.
• Lembani kuwunika kulikonse.

Vuto: Dongosololi liyenera kukhala lenileni. Ngati woweruza akuona kuti mwamupangitsa wantchitoyo kulephera, kuchotsedwa ntchito kudzakanidwa.

Gawo 5: Chenjezo Lachiwiri/Lomaliza (Sabata 12-13)

Ngati khalidweli likupitirira kapena likubwereranso:

• Tumizani chenjezo lomaliza lolembedwa.
• Bwerezaninso nkhani yofunika kwambiri.
• Perekani nthawi yomaliza, yochepa (masabata awiri mpaka anayi).

Gawo 6: Chisankho Chothetsa Ntchito (Sabata 14-16)

Zochita:

• Unikani fayilo. Kodi zinthu zonse zakwaniritsidwa?
• Pezani uphungu wa zamalamulo.
• Fufuzani za kusinthidwa kwa ntchito (ndi kulemba chifukwa chake sizingatheke).
• Konzani pempho lothetsa mgwirizano kapena perekani mgwirizano wothetsera mavuto.

Ndondomeko: UWV kapena Khoti la Chigawo Chaching'ono?

Ku Netherlands, njira yochotsera ntchito imadalira chifukwa chake.

Njira 1: Kuthetsa mlandu kudzera mu Khoti Lalikulu la Chigawo (Nkhani 7:671b BW)

Iyi ndi njira ya khalidwe la poizoni (zifukwa zaumwini, kusokonekera kwa ubale, zochita zomwe zingachitike).

• ndondomeko: Mupereka pempho ku Khoti Lalikulu la Chigawo (Kantonrechter).
• Kumva: Woweruza milandu amamva mbali zonse ziwiri.
• Kusankha: Khoti limasankha ngati panganolo lathetsedwa ndipo limaika tsiku lotha ntchito.
• Nthawi: Miyezi 2-4.

Njira 2: Chilolezo Chothamangitsidwa kudzera pa UWV

Njira iyi ndi yothandiza anthu omwe akusowa ndalama zambiri kapena matenda a nthawi yayitali (zaka ziwiri kapena kupitirira apo). osati amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa mavuto a khalidwe.

Kuwunika Zamalamulo: Kodi Khoti Limaunika Chiyani?

Khoti la chigawo chaching'ono limayesa mlanduwu kutengera mfundo zofunika kwambiri:

1. Kodi pali kusokonezeka kwakukulu? Kodi ndi nkhani yokhayokha kapena ndi zochitika wamba? Kodi malo ogwirira ntchito awonongekadi?
2. Kodi kusokonezekaku kupitirirabe? Kodi mwayesa kukonza (kukonza, kuphunzitsa)? Kodi n'zoonekeratu kuti zinthu sizidzasintha?
3. Kodi olemba ntchito achitapo kanthu mosamala? Kodi munawachenjeza? Kodi munawamvera?
4. Kodi umboniwo ndi wokwanira? Kodi mfundo zake ndi zenizeni komanso zakale?

Muyezo wa umboni: Simukusowa umboni wa sayansi wokwanira, koma muyenera kupanga kusokonezeka "kokwanira" ndi zolemba.

Njira Zina Zochotsera Kuchotsedwa Ntchito

Kupita kumilandu n’kokwera mtengo komanso kosadziwika bwino. Choyamba ganizirani njira zina izi:

1. Pangano Lothetsa Chigwirizano (Kuthetsa Chigwirizano)

Izi ndi zomwe zimachitika kawirikawiri. Inu ndi wantchito mukugwirizana kuti musiyane.

• ubwino: Mwachangu, popanda kumvetsera khoti, chitsimikizo.
• kuipa: Nthawi zambiri mumalipira phukusi la kuleka ntchito (malipiro osinthira kuphatikiza zina zowonjezera kuti 'mugule' chiopsezo).
• Chifukwa chake antchito amavomereza: Zimateteza ufulu wawo wopeza ndalama zothandizira anthu omwe alibe ntchito (WW-uitkering), bola ngati mgwirizano walembedwa bwino.

2. Kuyanjanitsa

Nthawi zina akatswiri okonza nkhani angathetse mkanganowo kapena, ngati sichoncho, atsimikizire woweruza kuti mwayesa zonse kuti mubwezeretse ubalewo.

3. Kuyimitsidwa Kwakanthawi (Ntchito Yosagwira Ntchito)

Ngati zinthu zakwera kwambiri (monga kupikisana pamisonkhano), mutha kuyimitsa ntchito wantchitoyo kuti zinthu ziyambe kuyenda bwino ndikufufuza. Muyenera kupitiriza kulipira malipiro awo.

Zovuta Zofunika ndi Mfundo Zofunika Kuziganizira

1. The Illness Trap (Opzegverbod)

Nkhani yofala: Mumaitana wantchito kuti akakupatseni malangizo, ndipo tsiku lotsatira amakuimbirani foni akudwala chifukwa cha “nkhawa yokhudzana ndi ntchito.”

• Ngozi: Kawirikawiri simungachotse wantchito ntchito panthawi ya matenda (Nkhani 7:670 BW).
• yankho; Tumizani nthawi yomweyo kwa Dokotala Wantchito (Mabwato a m'mphepete mwa nyanjaNgati dokotala akunena kuti ndi "mkangano wa ntchito" osati matenda, lamulo loletsa kuchotsedwa ntchito silingagwire ntchito, koma muyenera kusankha njira yothetsera mikangano (kuthetsa mkangano).

2. Tsankho

Onetsetsani kuti simukuweruza wantchito "woopsa" mwankhanza kuposa ena chifukwa cha khalidwe lomwelo. Kusasinthasintha ndikofunikira.

3. Kukwera Mofulumira Kwambiri

Oweruza amadana ndi olemba ntchito akamakukakamizani. Ngati wantchito wagwira ntchito kwa zaka 10 ndipo akuchitapo kanthu kamodzi, simungamuchotse ntchito nthawi yomweyo. Chilangocho chiyenera kugwirizana ndi mlanduwo komanso nthawi yomwe wakhala akugwira ntchito.

Malipiro Akachotsedwa Ntchito

Malipiro Osinthira (Transitievergoeding)

Ngakhale mutapambana kukhoti, nthawi zambiri muyenera kulipira ndalama zosinthira zomwe zakhazikitsidwa ndi lamulo.

• Kuwerengera: 1/3 ya malipiro pamwezi pachaka chautumiki.
• kapu: €94,000 (2025) kapena malipiro amodzi pachaka, iliyonse yomwe ndi yokwera.

Chiwonetsero: Ngati kuchotsedwa ntchito chifukwa cha khalidwe lolakwa kwambiri (ernstig verwijtbaar handelen) ndi wantchito (e-ground), khothi lingagamule kuti palibe malipiro osinthira omwe ayenera kulipidwa. Izi sizichitika kawirikawiri ndipo zimafuna khalidwe loipa kwambiri (monga kuba, chinyengo).

Malipiro Oyenera (Billijke vergoeding)

Ngati woweruza akumva kuti bwana anachita zinthu molakwika (monga kuzunza wantchito, kupanga mafayilo abodza), akhoza kupereka "chipukuta misozi choyenera" kuwonjezera pa malipiro osinthira. Izi zitha kukhala zazikulu.

Mndandanda Woyang'anira: Kodi Mwakonzeka Kuthetsa Ndondomeko Yothetsera Vuto?

Musanapereke fomu, yang'anani momwe zinthu zilili:

Kumasulira

• Zochitika zonse zimafotokozedwa mwatsatanetsatane komanso molondola.
• Maumboni amalembedwa ndi kusainidwa.
• Malipoti a misonkhano amasainidwa kapena kutsimikiziridwa kuti atumizidwa.
• Wantchitoyo analandira machenjezo olembedwa.

Kayendesedwe

• Wantchitoyo anali ndi mwayi weniweni woti apite patsogolo.
• "Ufulu womvedwa" unagwiritsidwa ntchito.
• Kusamutsa anthu ena pantchito kunafufuzidwa ndipo kunakanidwa ndi zifukwa.
• Palibe lamulo loletsa kuchotsedwa ntchito (matenda, mimba).

Milandu

• Malo ochotsera ntchito ndi omveka bwino (e-ground kapena g-ground).
• Loya wa zamalamulo wayang'ananso fayiloyi.

Chifukwa Chake Khama Limapindulitsa

Kuchotsa wantchito woopsa ku Netherlands ndi mpikisano wovomerezeka ndi malamulo, osati kuthamanga mofulumira. Milandu imasonyeza kuti olemba ntchito omwe sakonzekera mokwanira—omwe amadalira malingaliro osati umboni—nthawi zambiri amalephera kukhoti.

Mwa kulemba mosamala, kuchita zinthu mwachilungamo, komanso kukopa akatswiri msanga, mutha kuteteza bizinesi yanu ndi gulu lanu lotsala ku zinthu zoopsa.

Kodi Mukufunika Thandizo la Zamalamulo?

Law & More Imathandiza olemba ntchito ndi njira yovuta yochotsera antchito omwe ali ndi mavuto. Maloya athu a zamalamulo pantchito ali ndi chidziwitso chachikulu pa njira zochotsera anthu ntchito ku Netherlands ndipo angakutsogolereni kuyambira chenjezo loyamba mpaka kumvetsera komaliza.

Lumikizanani nafe kuti:

• Kuwunika zolemba zanu zomwe zilipo panopa.
• Uphungu wa zamalamulo pa njira yabwino kwambiri (Kuthetsa Mlandu motsutsana ndi Khoti).
• Kulemba machenjezo omveka bwino mwalamulo ndi malipoti a misonkhano.
• Kuyimira panthawi ya ndondomeko yothetsa mgwirizano.

Contact: [imelo ndiotetezedwa]

Mafunso Ofunsidwa Kawirikawiri

Kodi ndingachotse ntchito nthawi yomweyo wantchito woopsa?

Ayi, kuchotsa munthu m'khoti mwachisawawa kumachitika kokha pa “zifukwa zadzidzidzi” monga kuba kapena chiwawa. Pa khalidwe loipa, nthawi zambiri muyenera kutsatira njira yochenjeza, kukonza mapulani, ndi kuthetsa mlandu kudzera mu Khoti Lalikulu.

Kodi ndondomeko yothetsa vutoli imatenga nthawi yayitali bwanji?

Pa avareji, miyezi iwiri kapena inayi kuyambira nthawi yomwe mwapereka pempholi kukhothi. Komabe, gawo lapitalo (kupanga fayilo ndi dongosolo lokonzanso) lingatenge miyezi itatu kapena isanu ndi umodzi.

Kodi nthawi zonse ndiyenera kulipira ndalama zosinthira?

Kawirikawiri, inde. Ngakhale wantchito atachotsedwa ntchito chifukwa cha khalidwe loipa, ali ndi ufulu wolandira malipiro osinthira pokhapokha ngati khalidwe lake "linali lolakwa kwambiri" (monga milandu).

Kodi wantchito angatsutse kuchotsedwa ntchito?

Inde. Ngati mwagwirizana ndi VSO, nthawi zambiri amasiya ufulu umenewu. Ngati mupita kukhoti, akhoza kudziteteza. Ngati muchotsa ntchito mwachangu, akhoza kutsutsana ndi nkhaniyi ndikupempha malipiro osalipidwa.

Kodi ndingachotse ntchito wantchito woopsa amene akudwala?

Ngati kuchotsedwa ntchito kukukhudzana ndi matenda, ayi. Ngati kuchotsedwa ntchito kumadalira khalidwe losagwirizana ndi matenda, n'zotheka kudzera mu Khoti Lalikulu, koma muli ndi umboni wochuluka wosonyeza kuti matendawo si omwe amayambitsa khalidweli. Nthawi zonse funsani loya pankhaniyi.