Chilolezo chogwira ntchito ku Netherlands: ndi njira iti yomwe imakulolani kugwira ntchito mwalamulo?

Mungathe kugwira ntchito ku Netherlands popanda chilolezo chogwira ntchito ngati ndinu nzika ya EU, EEA kapena Switzerland. Aliyense amafunikira chilolezo chokhala komweko chomwe chimalola kugwira ntchito, ndipo motsatira Article 2 ya Foreign Nationals Employment Act (Wet arbeid vreemdelingen, Wav) olemba ntchito angakuloleni kugwira ntchito ndi chilolezo chogwira ntchito (tewerkstellingsvergunning, TWV) kapena chilolezo chimodzi (gecombineerde vergunning, GVVA), pokhapokha ngati chilolezo chanu chokhala komweko chikupereka mwayi wolowa msika wantchito kwaulere.

Ndani angagwire ntchito popanda chilolezo chogwira ntchito?

Nzika za mayiko a EU ndi EEA ndi Switzerland zili ndi mwayi wolowa msika wa ntchito ku Netherlands kwaulere; pasipoti yovomerezeka kapena chiphaso chovomerezeka ndi chokwanira kuyamba ntchito. Anthu ena omwe si nzika za EU nawonso saloledwa, mwachitsanzo achibale omwe ali ndi chilolezo chokhala komweko chomwe chimati "arbeid vrij toegestaan" (ntchito yololedwa mwaulere).

Malinga ndi Nkhani 3(1)(b) Wav, chiletsocho sichikugwira ntchito kwa mzika yakunja yokhala ndi chilolezo chokhala pantchito yodziyimira payokha, malinga ngati munthuyo amagwira ntchito yodziyimira payokha. Magulu ena osaloledwa amakhazikitsidwa ndi lamulo la khonsolo motsatira Nkhani 3(1)(c) Wav. Nthawi zonse yang'anani chitsimikizo chomwe chili pa khadi lokhalamo: chimanena ngati mungagwire ntchito ndi ndani.

Ndi njira ziti zomwe zilipo kwa anthu omwe si nzika za EU?

Njira imadalira cholinga cha kukhala kwanu komanso kwa olemba ntchito. Unduna wa Zachilendo ndi Kusamukira (IND) umasankha malo okhala; pa TWV kapena GVVA, Bungwe la Inshuwalansi ya Ogwira Ntchito (UWV) limalangiza kapena kusankha gawo la ogwira ntchito.

• Munthu wosamukira kudziko lina amene ali ndi luso lapamwamba (kennismigrant): olemba ntchito ayenera kukhala wothandizira wodziwika bwino wa IND ndipo ayenera kulipira malipiro osachepera omwe akuyenera. Palibe mayeso a msika wa ntchito omwe amagwira ntchito.
• EU Blue Card: imafuna ziyeneretso za maphunziro apamwamba ndi malire osiyana a malipiro, ndipo imapereka ufulu woyenda mkati mwa EU.
• Chaka chofotokozera (zoekjaar hoogopgeleiden): kwa omaliza maphunziro aposachedwa ku Dutch kapena mayunivesite apamwamba ochokera kumayiko ena; kwa chaka chimodzi mutha kugwira ntchito popanda chilolezo chogwira ntchito pamene mukufunafuna ntchito.
• Chilolezo chimodzi (GVVA) kapena TWV: pa ntchito zina zolipidwa; mayeso a msika wa ntchito a Article 8 Wav akugwira ntchito.
• Kudzilemba ntchito: chilolezo chokhalamo chosiyana, chomwe chimayesedwa pa mtengo wake pa chuma cha Netherlands.

Miyezo ya malipiro ndi ndalama za IND zimasintha chaka chilichonse pa 1 Januwale ndipo nthawi zina pa 1 Julayi. Yang'anani ndalama zomwe zilipo pa ind.nl musanasainire pangano kapena kulembetsa fomu yofunsira ntchito.

Kodi mayeso a msika wa ntchito ndi otani?

Pa TWV kapena GVVA, Article 8(1) Wav imafuna kuti chilolezo chikanidwe ngati pali anthu oyenerera "ofunika kwambiri", kutanthauza ogwira ntchito ku Dutch, EU ndi EEA ndi ena omwe ali ndi mwayi wolowa. Bwana ayenera kuti adauza UWV za ntchitoyo milungu isanu isanakwane fomu yopempha ntchito ndipo ayenera kusonyeza khama lokwanira lolemba anthu ntchito.

Chilolezocho chimakanidwanso ngati malipiro kapena mikhalidwe yogwirira ntchito ili pansi pa mulingo wovomerezeka ndi lamulo kapena mulingo wamba m'gawoli (Article 8(1)(d) Wav). Njira yosamukira anthu odziwa bwino ntchito komanso EU Blue Card sizikuphatikizapo mayesowa, ndichifukwa chake ndi njira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zonse ndi akatswiri apadziko lonse lapansi.

Kodi mumakonzekera bwanji fomu yofunsira?

Kwa anthu odziwa bwino ntchito yosamukira kudziko lina, wothandizira wodziwika bwino amalemba fomu yofunsira visa ku IND, nthawi zambiri pamodzi ndi fomu yofunsira visa yolowera (MVV) komwe mukufuna. Udindo wanu ndikupereka zikalata zonse komanso zolondola.

• Pasipoti yolondola.
• Pangano la ntchito losainidwa, lomwe limafotokoza malipiro, udindo ndi nthawi yomwe munthuyo adzagwire ntchito.
• Ma Diploma, komwe njirayo imawafuna (monga EU Blue Card), ndi kuwunika kapena apostille komwe kwafunsidwa.
• Zikalata zobadwa ndi ukwati za achibale omwe amabwera nanu, ovomerezeka kapena ndi apostille.
• Umboni wa kuyezetsa chifuwa chachikulu komwe IND ikufuna kuti ukhale nzika yanu.

IND ili ndi nthawi yoweruza milandu yomwe imachitika mwalamulo, koma kuyambira pa 15 Epulo 2025 siilinso ndi chindapusa cha utsogoleri (dwangsom) ngati ipanga chigamulo mochedwa. Ngati IND sipanga chisankho pa nthawi yake, mutha kuidziwitsa za kusachitapo kanthu kenako nkupita kukhothi, lomwe lingalamule chisankho mkati mwa nthawi yoikika. Ngati pempholo lakanidwa, mutha kupereka chitsutso (bezwaar) mkati mwa milungu inayi.

Kodi muyenera kukonza chiyani mukafika?

Ngati mukuyembekeza kukhala osachepera magawo awiri mwa atatu a miyezi isanu ndi umodzi ikubwerayi ku Netherlands, muyenera kulembetsa nokha ku boma komwe mukukhala osapitirira tsiku lachisanu mutafika (Nkhani 2.38 ya Personal Records Database Act, Wet BRP). Kenako mumalandira nambala yautumiki wa nzika (burgerservicenummer, BSN), yomwe abwana anu amafunikira kuti mulandire malipiro.

Ngati mukukhala kapena kugwira ntchito ku Netherlands, nthawi zambiri mumayenera kutenga inshuwaransi yazaumoyo yaku Dutch. Malinga ndi Nkhani 5(5) ya Health Insurance Act (Zorgverzekeringswet), ndondomeko yomwe idatengedwa mkati mwa miyezi inayi pambuyo poti chikolecho chayamba kugwira ntchito mpaka tsiku limenelo; pambuyo pake mumalipira ndalama zolipirira kuyambira tsiku loyambira ndipo mumakhala pachiwopsezo cholipiridwa chindapusa. Mafunso okhudza msonkho, monga 30% ya antchito omwe akubwera, ndi nkhani ya Tax Administration (Belastingdienst) ndi mlangizi wa misonkho.

Kodi mumasunga bwanji ufulu wanu wogwira ntchito?

Chilolezo cha anthu osamukira kudziko lina chodziwa bwino ntchito chimalumikizidwa ndi ntchito ndi wothandizira wodziwika bwino yemwe ali ndi malipiro ochulukirapo kapena opitilira malire a malipiro. Wothandizirayo ayenera kunena zosintha zofunika, monga kutha kwa ntchito, ku IND.

Ngati ntchito yanu yatha, mumapeza nthawi yofufuzira kuti mupeze wothandizira watsopano, koma mungayambe ndi bwana watsopanoyo pokhapokha ngati bwanayo ali wothandizira wodziwika bwino ndipo wakwaniritsa zofunikira. Kusintha kwa olemba ntchito ndi TWV kapena GVVA kumafuna chilolezo chatsopano, chifukwa chilolezocho chimalumikizidwa ndi bwana winawake (Article 2(1) Wav). Chongani tsiku lotha ntchito pa khadi lanu lokhalamo ndikupempha kuti nthawiyo iwonjezeredwe.

Kodi muyenera kuwunika chiyani ngati wantchito?

• Kaya khadi lanu lokhalamo likunena kuti mungagwire ntchito, komanso kuti ndi ndani amene angakupatseni ntchito.
• Kaya abwana anu ndi othandizira odziwika bwino ngati mwabwera ngati mlendo waluso kwambiri.
• Kaya malipiro anu onse akukwaniritsa malire a IND omwe alipo, kupatulapo ndalama zothandizira tchuthi.
• Kaya munalembetsa ku boma mkati mwa masiku asanu mutafika.
• Kaya inshuwalansi yanu yazaumoyo yaku Dutch inayamba mkati mwa miyezi inayi.
• Nthawi yomwe chilolezo chanu chidzatha komanso nthawi yomwe muyenera kulembetsa kuti chiwonjezeke.

Kodi muyenera kufufuza chiyani ngati wolemba ntchito?

• Kaya wantchito ali ndi mwayi wopeza ntchito kwaulere kapena akufunika TWV kapena GVVA (Article 2 Wav).
• Kaya ndinu wothandizira wodziwika bwino wa IND kwa osamukira aluso kwambiri.
• Kaya munanena za malo osowa ntchito ku UWV milungu isanu musanapemphe TWV kapena GVVA (Article 8(1)(b) Wav).
• Kaya munayang'ana chizindikiritso cha wantchitoyo ndikusunga kopi m'zolemba zanu.
• Kaya mupereka lipoti la kusintha kwa ntchito ku IND pakapita nthawi.
• Ngati malipiro ndi mikhalidwe yogwirira ntchito zikukwaniritsa zomwe zakhazikitsidwa ndi malamulo ndi gawo.

Kulola munthu kugwira ntchito popanda chilolezo chofunikira ndi mlandu motsatira Article 18 Wav, womwe bungwe la Netherlands Labour Authority (Nederlandse Arbeidsinspectie) limalamula olemba ntchito chindapusa (Article 19a Wav).

Kodi tingakuchitireni chiyani ndi chilolezo chogwira ntchito?

Maloya athu olowa m'dziko amathandiza antchito ndi olemba anzawo ntchito ndi zilolezo zokhala ndi chilolezo chogwira ntchito.

• Timayesa njira yomwe ikugwirizana ndi vuto lanu: osamukira odziwa bwino ntchito, EU Blue Card, chaka chophunzirira, chilolezo cholowa m'malo amodzi kapena ntchito yodzilemba nokha.
• Timafufuza mgwirizano wa ntchito mogwirizana ndi zomwe zachitika pa njira yomwe tasankha.
• Timathandiza olemba ntchito olemba anthu ntchito ndi fomu yopempha kuti azindikirike ngati othandizira.
• Timakonzekera ndikutumiza fomu yofunsira kukhala ku IND.
• Timalemba chotsutsa (bezwaar) ndikuchipereka ku IND mkati mwa nthawi yomaliza ya milungu inayi ya Article 69 Vw.
• Timalangiza olemba ntchito anzawo za chindapusa chomwe bungwe la Labour Authority limapereka motsatira Wav.

Chidule

• Anthu a EU, EEA ndi Switzerland akhoza kugwira ntchito ku Netherlands popanda chilolezo.
• Anthu ena ochokera kumayiko ena amafunika chilolezo chokhala m'dzikolo chomwe chimalola kugwira ntchito; olemba ntchito sangawalole kugwira ntchito popanda TWV kapena GVVA pokhapokha ngati ali ndi mwayi wolowa (Article 2 Wav).
• Anthu odziwa bwino ntchito yawo komanso njira za EU Blue Card alibe mayeso a msika wa ntchito; TWV kapena GVVA ilibe mayeso (Article 8 Wav).
• Lembetsani ku boma mkati mwa masiku asanu ndipo konzani inshuwalansi yazaumoyo ya ku Dutch mkati mwa miyezi inayi.
• Kukana kukana mkati mwa milungu inayi (Article 69 Vw).

MAFUNSO OFUNSIDWA KAWIRIKAWIRI