Matenda, kutopa kwambiri ndi kukakamizidwa kuntchito motsatira malamulo aku Dutch: udindo wa olemba ntchito ndi antchito

Kutopa kwambiri ndi kupsinjika pantchito ku Netherlands kumachitika kudzera m'malamulo wamba okhudza matenda: dokotala wa kampani (bedrijfsarts) akangopeza kuti madandaulowo amapangitsa wantchito kukhala wosayenerera kugwira ntchito, bwana ayenera kupitiriza kulipira osachepera 70 peresenti ya malipiro ake kwa milungu 104 motsatira Article 7:629 ya Dutch Civil Code, ndipo onse awiri ali ndi udindo wobwezeretsanso ntchito wa Gatekeeper Improvement Act (Wet verbetering poortwachter). Bwana kapena wantchito sasankha ngati pali kulephera kugwira ntchito: chigamulo chimenecho ndi cha dokotala wa kampani, ndipo ndicho chimayambitsa ufulu ndi udindo uliwonse womwe wafotokozedwa pansipa.

Kupanikizika kuntchito ndiye chifukwa chachikulu chomwe chimapangitsa kuti anthu asamagwire ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali mdziko muno, komanso ndi dera lomwe olemba ntchito nthawi zambiri amalakwitsa. Malamulowa ndi okhwima komanso ofunikira kwambiri: sangachotsedwe, ndipo kulakwitsa m'masabata asanu ndi atatu oyamba a kudwala kungawonongere olemba ntchito malipiro a chaka chimodzi chowonjezera. Nkhaniyi ikufotokoza zomwe lamulo la ntchito ku Netherlands limafuna kwa mbali zonse ziwiri, kuyambira lipoti loyamba la tchuthi cha kudwala mpaka kumapeto kwa zaka ziwiri, komanso komwe udindo wokhudzana ndi kutopa pantchito umayambira ndikutha.

Pamene kutopa kumawerengedwa ngati matenda motsatira lamulo la ku Dutch

Lamulo la ku Dutch silili ndi tanthauzo lapadera la kutopa pantchito. Silifunikira. Malamulo a Zachikhalidwe amalankhula za wantchito woletsedwa kugwira ntchito yomwe adagwirizana chifukwa cha matenda, ndipo njira imeneyi imakhudza madandaulo akuthupi ndi amisala. Chifukwa chake kutopa pantchito kumabweretsa udindo wofanana ndi wa munthu wosweka mwendo: udindo womwewo wa malipiro, ntchito zomwezo zobwereranso kuntchito, chitetezo chomwecho ku kuchotsedwa ntchito.

Chofunika si matenda koma zotsatira zake. Funso lomwe dokotala wa kampani amayankha ndi lakuti kodi madandaulowo amaletsa wantchito kuchita ntchito yomwe agwirizana, ndipo ngati ndi choncho, ndi ntchito ziti zomwe zingachitike komanso maola angati. Matendawa safotokozedwa kwa abwana konse. Ichi ndichifukwa chake abwana omwe amanena kuti kutopa si matenda enieni amakhala ofooka kwambiri: abwana alibe mphamvu pakuwunika kwachipatala.

Kupanikizika kuntchito, kupsinjika maganizo ndi kutopa ndi zinthu zitatu zosiyana

Kupanikizika pantchito kumafotokoza zomwe ntchitoyo imafuna: kuchuluka kwa ntchito, nthawi yomaliza, udindo, ndi katundu wovutitsa maganizo. Kupanikizika kuntchito sikoletsedwa ndipo sikuli vuto lalamulo lokha. Kumakhala vuto pamene zofunikirazo zikupitirira zomwe wantchito angathe kunyamula ndipo abwana akudziwa kapena ayenera kudziwa izi.

Kupsinjika maganizo ndi momwe zimachitikira chifukwa cha kusalinganika kumeneko. Kutopa kwambiri ndi mapeto a kupsinjika maganizo kwa nthawi yayitali komwe sikunathetsedwepo: kutopa kosatha, kutali ndi ntchito, komanso kuchepa kwa magwiridwe antchito. Bungwe la World Health Organization limaika kutopa kwambiri m'gulu la zochitika zantchito m'malo mwa matenda okha, ndichifukwa chake njira ya ku Dutch yofunsira za kuthekera kogwira ntchito, osati za matenda, imagwira ntchito bwino.

Mzere wogawanitsa ndi kulephera kugwira ntchito (arbeidsongeschiktheid). Wantchito amene watopa komanso wosasangalala koma wokhoza kugwira ntchito yomwe wagwirizana sadwala malinga ndi malamulo ndipo alibe chifukwa cholandira malipiro odwala. Wantchito amene dokotala wa kampani amamuona kuti ndi wochepa pogwira ntchitoyo amadwala, kaya chizindikiro cha madandaulo chili pati.

Malamulo omwe amasankha zotsatira zake

Mawu anayi achi Dutch amabwerezedwanso mu fayilo iliyonse yokhudza kutopa, ndipo kusawamvetsa ndiko komwe kumayambitsa mikangano yambiri:

• Arbeidsongeschiktheid (kulephera kugwira ntchito): kulephera, chifukwa cha matenda, kuchita ntchito yomwe mwagwirizana. Kuyesedwa ndi dokotala wa kampani, osati ndi abwana kapena dokotala wa wantchito.
• Udindo wosamalira (udindo wosamalira): udindo wa olemba ntchito motsatira Article 7:658 ya Dutch Civil Code wokonza ntchito ndi malo antchito kuti wantchito asavulazidwe pakugwira ntchito.
• Psychosociale arbeidsbelasting (psychosocial workload, PSA): mawu ogwirizana ndi lamulo mu Working Conditions Act okhudza kukakamizidwa kuntchito, nkhanza, chiwawa, kuzunza, kuzunza anthu pogonana komanso kusankhana mitundu. Ndi chiopsezo cha thanzi pantchito chomwe olemba ntchito ayenera kuchiyesa ndikuchichepetsa.
• Goed werkgeverschap (ntchito yabwino): muyezo wotseguka womwe uli mu Nkhani 7:611 ya Dutch Civil Code, womwe wafotokozedwa mozama mu bukhu lathu la malire a khalidwe labwino la olemba ntchito, zomwe zimadzaza mipata yomwe malamulo enieni amasiya yotseguka, ndipo zomwe madandaulo ambiri okhudzana ndi kutopa amatsutsidwa pamodzi ndi Nkhani 7:658.

Dziwani kuti gawo lachiwiri ndi lachinayi lokha mwa izi ndi zomwe zili ndi Malamulo a Zachikhalidwe zomwe ziyenera kuperekedwa kwa wantchito aliyense payekha. Ntchito yokhudzana ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu ndi udindo wa boma motsatira lamulo la Working Conditions Act, lomwe limagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi Netherlands Labour Authority, ndipo kuphwanya lamuloli sikupanga ufulu wolandira ndalama. Komabe, limapereka umboni wakuti mlandu wa anthu nthawi zambiri umakhalapo.

Zimene olemba ntchito ayenera kuchita kuti apewe kupanikizika kuntchito komanso kutopa

Kupewa ndi udindo walamulo, osati nkhani ya zolinga zabwino. Lamulo la Zoyenera Kuchita (Arbeidsomstandighedenwet, nthawi zambiri limafupikitsidwa kukhala Arbowet) limafuna olemba ntchito onse ku Netherlands kuti achite zinthu zowerengera zoopsa ndikuwunika (risico-inventarisatie en -evaluatie, RI&E), kulemba zotsatira zake polemba, ndikuphatikiza dongosolo lofotokozera njira zomwe zidzatengedwe, ndi ndani komanso liti. Ntchito yamaganizo iyenera kukhala gawo la kuwunikako. Wolemba ntchito yemwe RI&E yake yasowa, yakale kapena chete pamavuto antchito amakhala ndi vuto lotsatira malamulo antchito asanadwale aliyense wantchito.

Malamulo awa amagwira ntchito kwa wantchito aliyense mosasamala kanthu za mtundu wa mgwirizano kapena dziko, ndipo amatsatira ntchito osati nyumbayo. Ogwira ntchito zapakhomo, ogwira ntchito zosakanikirana ndi antchito omwe amatumizidwa kwa kasitomala onse amagwera pansi pa malamulo ofanana achitetezo kuntchito.

Njira zomwe lamulo likuyembekezeradi

Pamene kuwunika zoopsa kukuwonetsa chiopsezo cha ntchito yamaganizo, Lamulo la Zoyenera Kuchita limakakamiza olemba ntchito kuti achitepo kanthu kuti apewe kapena kuchepetsa, ndikudziwitsa antchito za zoopsa ndi njira zomwe atenga. Mwachizolowezi, Netherlands Labour Authority imayang'ana njira zodziwika bwino komanso zolembedwa: mfundo yokhudza khalidwe losayenera, njira yodandaula yomwe imabweretsa tsogolo, mlangizi wachinsinsi wosankhidwa, mkulu woteteza, kuyang'anira ntchito zomwe sizichitika chaka chilichonse, komanso kutsatira mosamalitsa zizindikiro zikaonekera.

Nthawi yogwira ntchito ndi gawo la chithunzi chomwecho. Lamulo la Maola Ogwira Ntchito (Arbeidstijdenwet) limakhazikitsa maola ogwirira ntchito okwanira komanso nthawi yopuma yochepa, ndipo nthawi yowonjezera yomwe imaphwanya malire amenewo ndi umboni wa malo ogwirira ntchito osakonzedwa bwino komanso mlandu wokha. Olemba ntchito omwe amatsatira machitidwe abwino pantchito amawunika maola enieni ogwirira ntchito, osati maola omwe ali ndi mgwirizano.

Bwana ayeneranso kukhala ndi pangano lolembedwa ndi dokotala wovomerezeka wa zaumoyo pantchito kapena dokotala wa kampani. Pangano limenelo liyenera kutsimikizira dokotala wa kampani kuti ali ndi mwayi wopita kuntchito kwaulere, nthawi yofunsira ntchito yomwe antchito angagwiritse ntchito asananene kuti akudwala, komanso ufulu wa wantchito kufunsa maganizo achiwiri kwa dokotala wina wa kampani. Lingaliro lachiwiri ndi ufulu wa wantchito ndipo ndalama zake zimalipidwa ndi bwana.

Kuchita zinthu pogwiritsa ntchito zizindikiro ndi mayeso ofunikira

Funso limodzi lomwe limathetsa mikangano yambiri yokhudzana ndi kutopa si ngati ntchito inali yolemera koma ngati olemba ntchito anayankha pamene zinaonekeratu kuti inali yolemera kwambiri. Zizindikiro zomwe khoti lidzaziona ngati zomveka zikuphatikizapo kusakhalapo kwa nthawi yayitali mobwerezabwereza, wantchito amene amanena mu ndemanga ya magwiridwe antchito kuti ntchitoyo ndi yosalamulirika, kugwira ntchito madzulo ndi kumapeto kwa sabata kumawonekera m'machitidwe, malo opanda anthu omwe ntchito zawo zinagawidwanso mwakachetechete, ndi madandaulo okhudza manejala omwe adanenedwa kenako nkusiyidwa yekha.

Bwana amene walandira chizindikiro choterocho koma osachita chilichonse choyezera amaonekera. Bwana amene amachepetsa ntchito, kugawanso ntchito, kubweretsa chithandizo, kulemba mgwirizano ndi kuunikanso nthawi zambiri wachita zomwe udindo wosamalira umafunikira, ngakhale wantchitoyo akadali ndi vuto la kutopa.

Zimene wantchito ayenera kuchita kuyambira tsiku loyamba la matenda

Wantchito amanena kuti wadwala tsiku loyamba la kulephera kugwira ntchito, tsiku logwira ntchito lisanayambe kapena nthawi yomwe yalembedwa mu mgwirizano wa ntchito , buku la antchito kapena mgwirizano wa ogwira ntchito. Kupereka malipoti mochedwa, kapena kwa munthu wolakwika, ndi cholakwika chofala kwambiri komanso chopewedwa, chifukwa chimalola olemba ntchito kuyimitsa malipiro mpaka malamulo atatsatiridwa.

Zimene olemba ntchito angafunse ndi zomwe sangafunse

Wantchito sayenera kunena chomwe chalakwika. Deta ya zaumoyo ndi deta yapadera yaumwini pansi pa GDPR, ndipo Dutch Data Protection Authority ikunena kuti olemba ntchito sangafunse za mtundu wa madandaulo, matenda kapena chithandizo, ndipo sangalembe zambirizo ngakhale wantchito atadzipereka kuzilemba. Zimene olemba ntchito angafunse ndizochepa komanso zimagwira ntchito: nthawi yomwe akuyembekezeka kuti asapezekepo, adilesi komwe wantchito angafikire, nthawi yomwe ayenera kuikidwa ndi ntchito zomwe ziyenera kutengedwa, kaya kusapezekapo kukugwirizana ndi ngozi ya kuntchito kapena ngozi yomwe munthu wina ali ndi udindo, komanso ngati njira imodzi yotetezera matenda ya Sickness Benefits Act ingagwire ntchito.

Chilichonse chachipatala chimapita kwa dokotala wa kampani, yemwe amabwerera kwa abwana ake pokhapokha ngati pali zofooka ndi kuthekera. Bwana amene amakakamiza tsatanetsatane wa zachipatala, kapena amene amafunsa anzake, akukonza deta yazaumoyo mopanda lamulo; malirewo afotokozedwa mwatsatanetsatane mu bukhu lathu la tchuthi chodwala komanso chinsinsi.

Kugwirizana ndi kuchira ndi kubwezeretsedwanso m'gulu

Wantchito ayenera kupita kukaonana ndi dokotala wa kampani, kukhala wofikirika nthawi yomwe agwirizana, kutsatira malangizo oyenera omwe cholinga chake ndi kuchira, kupewa kuchita zinthu zomwe zingalepheretse kapena kuchedwetsa kuchira, ndikuvomereza ntchito yoyenera akapatsidwa. Ntchito yoyenera (passende arbeid) imatanthauza ntchito yomwe ikugwirizana ndi luso la wantchito, poganizira maphunziro, ntchito yakale komanso zofooka za thanzi. Sikuyenera kukhala ntchito yoyambirira ndipo, pambuyo pake pazaka ziwiri, sikuyenera kukhala ndi bwana yemweyo.

Zilango zolephera pantchitozi ndi zenizeni komanso zachangu. Ngati wantchito satsatira malamulo a olemba ntchito owunikira kusowa ntchito, olemba ntchito akhoza kuyimitsa malipiro mpaka malamulowo atatsatiridwa, ndipo malipirowo amalipidwa mobwerezabwereza akangomaliza. Ngati wantchito akana ntchito yoyenera, akulepheretsa kuchira kapena akukana kugwirizana ndi dongosolo lochitira zinthu popanda chifukwa chomveka, olemba ntchito akhoza kuyimitsa malipirowo kwathunthu kwa nthawi yomwe anakana, ndipo ndalamazo sizibwezedwa pambuyo pake. Njira zonse ziwiri zimafuna kuti olemba ntchito achenjeze wantchitoyo nthawi yomweyo komanso m'malemba asanagwiritse ntchito; kuyimitsa malipiro komwe kuperekedwa popanda chidziwitso sikukugwira ntchito. Kuyanjana pakati pa ntchitozi ndi zilango kwafotokozedwa mu kalozera wathu wobwezeretsa anthu kudziko lina pambuyo pa matenda ndi zilango za malipiro.

Ngati wantchito ndi olemba ntchito sakugwirizana pankhani yoti ntchito ndi yoyeneradi, kapena ngati zoyesayesa zobwezeretsanso anthu m'gululi zili zokwanira, aliyense wa iwo akhoza kufunsa UWV kuti apereke maganizo a katswiri (deskundigenoordeel). Sizokakamiza, koma khoti lidzaika mphamvu zake pa izi, ndipo nthawi zambiri ndiyo njira yotsika mtengo kwambiri yotulukira mkangano. Ngati mkanganowo uli wokhudza ubale osati udindo wa zachipatala, kuyimira pakati pa mkangano wa antchito nthawi zambiri kumakhala njira yachangu, ndipo madokotala a kampani nthawi zonse amalangiza izi pamene kusakhalapo kuli ndi mkangano pakati pawo.

Malipiro panthawi ya tchuthi cha kudwala komanso lamulo la zaka ziwiri

Nkhani 7:629 ya Dutch Civil Code imalimbikitsa olemba ntchito kupitiriza kulipira osachepera 70 peresenti ya malipiro kwa milungu 104 ya kulephera kugwira ntchito. M'masabata 52 oyambirira malipiro amenewo sangagwere pansi pa malipiro ochepa omwe amaperekedwa ndi lamulo; kuyambira sabata 53 kupita mtsogolo, gawo la 70 peresenti limagwira ntchito popanda kuwonjezera ndalamazo, ndichifukwa chake chaka chachiwiri cha matenda chimakhala chovuta kwambiri kwa wantchito.

Mapangano ambiri a ntchito ndi pafupifupi mgwirizano uliwonse wa ogwira ntchito umakula bwino malinga ndi malamulo, nthawi zambiri polipira 100 peresenti chaka choyamba ndi 70 peresenti chaka chachiwiri. Umenewo ndi ufulu wa mgwirizano ndipo umagwira ntchito motero. Mapangano ena a mgwirizano amapanga kuti chowonjezeracho chaka chachiwiri chikhale chogwirizana ndi mgwirizano wowonekera ndi kubwezeretsedwa kwa ogwira ntchito, zomwe ndi zovomerezeka komanso zofala kwambiri. Mgwirizano wa mgwirizano wogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi chikalata choyamba chowunikira mkangano uliwonse wokhudza malipiro odwala, chifukwa nthawi zambiri umaphwanya malamulo osakhazikika m'malo mwa wantchito.

Mfundo zina ziwiri nthawi zambiri zimanyalanyazidwa. Bwana angavomereze masiku awiri odikira kumayambiriro kwa nthawi iliyonse ya matenda, koma pokhapokha ngati agwirizana momveka bwino m'malemba; popanda mgwirizano, malipiro amayamba kuyambira tsiku loyamba. Ndipo ufulu wa tchuthi umapitirira kukwera nthawi yonse ya matenda, monga momwe zimakhalira ndi ndalama zopezera penshoni m'mabungwe ambiri, kotero wantchito amene amabwerera atakhala nthawi yayitali nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi ndalama zambiri zolipirira tchuthi.

Mapangano a nthawi yokhazikika omwe amatha panthawi ya matenda

Ufulu wolipira odwala sudalira mtundu wa mgwirizano, koma nthawi ya zaka ziwiri imadalira mgwirizano womwe umatenga nthawi yayitali choncho. Mgwirizano wa nthawi yokhazikika umatha pa tsiku lomaliza lomwe lavomerezedwa ngakhale wantchito akudwala, ndipo palibe chilolezo chofunikira pa izi. Kuyambira tsiku limenelo, udindo wa malipiro a olemba ntchito umatha ndipo wantchitoyo amabwerera ku Sickness Benefits Act (Ziektewet), yomwe imayendetsedwa ndi UWV, yomwe imatenganso njira yobwezeretsanso anthu kuntchito.

Bwana ayenera kudziwitsa UWV za matenda ake pasanathe tsiku lomaliza la ntchito ndikupereka fayilo yobwereranso kuntchito. Kukula kwa fayiloyo kumadalira nthawi yomwe matendawa akhalapo kumapeto kwa mgwirizano: kusakhalapo kwakanthawi sikufuna zambiri, kusakhalapo kwa miyezi ingapo kumafuna zikalata zonse. Kulephera kupereka lipotili kungayambitse chindapusa ndi kulipidwa ndalama zothandizira, kotero ndikofunikira kulemba tsiku lomaliza la mgwirizano uliwonse wa nthawi yokhazikika womwe wina wasiya kudwala.

Ndondomeko yobwezeretsa anthu m'gulu motsatira Gatekeeper Improvement Act

Lamulo la Gatekeeper Improvement Act limapereka ndondomeko yokhazikika ya masitepe kwa onse awiri, aliyense ali ndi nthawi yake yomaliza. Nthawi yomaliza imawerengedwa kuyambira tsiku loyamba la kudwala ndipo sasuntha. Kuphonya ndi cholakwika chimodzi chokwera mtengo kwambiri chomwe olemba ntchito angapange, chifukwa kumapeto kwa zaka ziwiri UWV imafufuza fayiloyo ndipo imatha kuwonjezera malipiro mpaka milungu 52 ngati khama silinali lokwanira.

• Sabata 1: bwanayo amauza dokotala wa ogwira ntchito zachipatala kapena wa kampani za matendawo mkati mwa masiku asanu ndi awiri kuchokera tsiku loyamba la matendawo.
• Sabata 6: Dokotala wa kampaniyo akufotokoza mavutowo, kufotokoza zofooka zake, mphamvu zomwe zilipo komanso mwayi woti zinthu zibwererenso.
• Sabata 8: bwana ndi wantchito pamodzi amapanga dongosolo la zochita (plan van aanpak) potengera kusanthula kumeneko, ndipo aliyense amasankha woyang'anira milandu.
• Masabata asanu ndi limodzi aliwonse: Maguluwo amayesa momwe zinthu zayendera ndikulemba zotsatira zake polemba.
• Pafupifupi sabata 52: kuwunika kwa chaka choyamba, komwe maguluwo amalemba zomwe zakwaniritsidwa ndikukhazikitsa cholinga cha chaka chachiwiri.
• Sabata 42: bwanayo amauza UWV za matenda ake a nthawi yayitali.
• Pafupifupi sabata 88: UWV imalembera wantchitoyo kalata yokhudza kupempha thandizo la WIA; nthawi zambiri fomuyi imaperekedwa mu sabata la 93.
• Sabata 104: Udindo wa malipiro umatha, pokhapokha ngati UWV ipereka chilango cha malipiro.

Dongosolo lomwe lili pamndandandawu ndi lopangidwa mwadala: chidziwitso cha sabata la 42 ku UWV n'chosavuta kuiwala chifukwa palibe china chilichonse chomwe chimachitika mozungulira.

Njira yoyamba, njira yachiwiri ndi udindo wogawa anthu ena

Kubwezeretsedwa kwa ogwira ntchito kumachitika m'njira ziwiri. Njira yoyamba ndi kubwerera kuntchito ndi olemba ntchito, pa ntchito yoyambirira, pa ntchito yoyambirira ndi kusintha, kapena pa udindo wina woyenera mkati mwa bungwe. Olemba ntchito ayenera kusintha ntchito, maola, nthawi yogwirira ntchito ndi malo ogwirira ntchito momwe angafunikire, ndipo ayenera kuganizira ntchito iliyonse yopanda anthu m'bungwe, osati m'dipatimenti ya wantchito yekha.

Ngati kubwerera m'bungwe sikungatheke, kapena ngati sikungapambane, njira yachiwiri imatsegulidwa: malo okonzedwa bwino ndi olemba ntchito ena, nthawi zambiri kudzera mu bungwe lapadera. Njira yachiwiri nthawi zambiri imayamba osapitirira chaka choyamba, ndipo kuyamba mochedwa ndi chimodzi mwa zifukwa zomwe zimapangitsa kuti malipiro alandire chilango. Kuyamba njira yoyamba ndi yachiwiri nthawi imodzi kumaloledwa ndipo nthawi zambiri ndi njira yotetezeka kwambiri pamene kuchira sikukudziwika.

Maudindo obwereranso kuntchito ndi ofanana. Wantchito amene akukana kutenga nawo mbali mu gawo lachiwiri, kapena amene akukana malo oyenera, amakhala pachiwopsezo choyimitsidwa malipiro ndipo pamapeto pake, kuchotsedwa ntchito. Bwana amene akulephera kulemba zomwe akuchita adzapeza kuti UWV imayesa fayiloyo pa zomwe zalembedwa, osati pa zomwe cholinga chake chinali.

Chilango cha malipiro

Pamapeto pa zaka ziwiri, UWV imayesa lipoti la kubwereranso kwa ogwira ntchito. Ngati litsimikiza kuti olemba ntchito sanachite khama lokwanira popanda chifukwa chomveka, limawonjezera udindo wopitiliza kulipira malipiro mpaka milungu 52. Pa nthawi yowonjezereka imeneyo, lamulo loletsa kuchotsedwa ntchito limapitirirabe, kotero olemba ntchito amasunga ndalama zonse komanso wantchito. Chilangocho chingafupikitsidwe ngati olemba ntchito akonza zomwe zasiyidwa, ndichifukwa chake kuchitapo kanthu pa chilango nthawi yomweyo n'koyenera. Chilango chomwe chaperekedwa chifukwa dokotala wa kampani adachita cholakwika chimagwerabe kwa olemba ntchito, omwe atha kukhala ndi mlandu wotsutsana ndi ntchito zaumoyo pantchito.

Pamene bwana ali ndi udindo pa kutopa ndi ntchito

Udindo wa kutopa chifukwa cha ntchito umatsimikiziridwa motsatira Nkhani 7:658 ya Dutch Civil Code, nthawi zambiri pamodzi ndi muyezo wabwino wa ntchito wa Nkhani 7:611. Kapangidwe ka Nkhani 7:658 ndi koyenera kwa wantchito akangomaliza chopinga choyamba: wantchito ayenera kuwonetsa kuwonongeka komwe adakumana nako pantchito, pambuyo pake wolemba ntchitoyo ndiye amene ali ndi mlandu pokhapokha atatsimikizira kuti watsatira udindo wake wosamalira, kapena kuti kuwonongekako kudachitika chifukwa cha cholinga cha wantchitoyo kapena kusasamala kwake mwadala.

Vuto loyamba ndi pamene milandu yokhudza kuvulala kwamaganizo nthawi zambiri imalephera. Kuvulala mwakuthupi nthawi zambiri kumalankhula kokha; kuvulala kwamaganizo sikutero. Wantchito ayenera kutsimikiza kuti mikhalidwe yogwirira ntchito inali yovulaza, osati kungowonedwa ngati yovulaza, ndipo ayenera kupanga mgwirizano pakati pa mikhalidweyo ndi kuwonongeka kwa thanzi kukhala womveka. Makhothi nthawi zonse amasiyanitsa ntchito yovuta, kukonzanso kosasangalatsa kapena kusamvana kwa umunthu, komwe sikuyenerera, kuchokera ku kuchulukitsidwa kwa kapangidwe kake, kuzunzidwa kosalekeza, kuopseza kapena nkhanza, zomwe zimatero. Maudindo awa a olemba ntchito ndi okhwima, koma si chitsimikizo cha kutopa kulikonse.

Zimene wantchito ayenera kutsimikizira

Zinthu zitatu ziyenera kuchitika musanapange chisankho:

• Malo ogwirira ntchito omwe ndi oopsa. Zoona ndi zotsimikizika: maola ogwirira ntchito, ziwerengero za ntchito, maudindo osadzazidwa, mauthenga ndi maimelo amasiku, malipoti a zochitika, mawu a ogwira nawo ntchito, upangiri wazaumoyo pantchito womwe sunayankhidwe.
• Choyambitsa. Ubale wooneka bwino pakati pa mikhalidwe imeneyi ndi kuwonongeka kwa maganizo, ndichifukwa chake zikalata zachipatala ndi nthawi yolembera madandaulo ndizofunikira kwambiri.
• Kuphwanya udindo wa chisamaliro. Kuti olemba ntchito ankadziwa kapena ayenera kuti ankadziwa ndipo analephera kuchita zinthu zomwe zikanafunika kutero.

Phunziro lothandiza ndilakuti milandu iyi imapambana ndipo imatayika. Wantchito amene wakweza ntchitoyo pakamwa ndipo anaisiya pamenepo alibe kalikonse; wantchito amene watsimikizira zokambiranazo kudzera pa imelo, anasunga yankho ndipo angasonyeze kuti palibe chomwe chasintha ali ndi mlandu. Izi zikugwiranso ntchito mosiyana: bwana yemwe ali ndi mfundo zolembedwa pa khalidwe losayenera, njira yogwirira ntchito yodandaula, mlangizi wachinsinsi wosankhidwa, kuwunika zoopsa zomwe zikuchitika pakali pano zomwe zimaphimba kupsinjika kwa ntchito, ndi zolemba zolembedwa za njira zomwe zatengedwa pambuyo pa chizindikiro, ali pamalo abwino ngakhale kuti kutopa kunali kwenikweni komanso kwakukulu.

Kodi ndi chiyani chomwe chingafunsidwe, ndipo mkati mwa nthawi yanji

Zowonongeka zomwe zili mu Article 7:658 zimaphimba kutayika kwa ndalama zomwe sizinalipidwe ndi malipiro kapena maubwino, ndalama zachipatala ndi chithandizo, ndalama zothandizira anthu apakhomo, ndipo, ngati kuvulalako kwatsimikizika, chipukuta misozi cha kuwonongeka komwe sikuli kwakukulu. Malipiro a matenda omwe alandiridwa kale amachotsedwa. Chikalata chofuna kuvulala kwa munthu chimakhala ndi nthawi yochepera zaka zisanu kuyambira tsiku lomwe wantchitoyo adazindikira kuwonongekako komanso yemwe ali ndi mlandu, ndi kuyima kwa zaka makumi awiri kuchokera pamene ngoziyo yachitika, kotero wantchito amene akukayikira kuvulala kokhudzana ndi ntchito sayenera kudikira kuti nthawi ya kudwala ya zaka ziwiri ifike asanalandire upangiri.

Nkhani zokhudza udindo ndi kubwezeretsedwa kwa antchito ndi nkhani zosiyana. Bwana akhoza kutsatira malamulo a Gatekeeper Improvement Act koma n’kukhalabe ndi mlandu woyambitsa kutopa, ndipo bwana yemwe alibe mlandu akhoza kulandira chilango cha malipiro chifukwa cha fayilo yofooka yobwereranso kwa antchito. Kusokoneza awiriwa kumapangitsa olemba ntchito kuteteza mfundo yolakwika.

Kuchotsedwa ntchito pambuyo pa matenda a nthawi yayitali

Pa masabata 104 oyamba a kulephera kugwira ntchito, abwana sangachotse ntchitoyo chifukwa cha matenda. Lamulo loletsa ntchito mu Article 7:670 la Dutch Civil Code ndi lamulo loletsa kupereka chidziwitso, ndipo limateteza wantchito kwa zaka ziwiri zonse, kuyambira pachiyambi ngati wantchitoyo achira ndikudwalanso pambuyo pa kusokonezeka kwa milungu yoposa inayi.

Kuletsaku sikokwanira. Sikugwira ntchito panthawi yoyesedwa , pankhani yochotsa ntchito mwachangu pazifukwa zadzidzidzi, pamene wantchito avomereza polemba, kapena pamene bizinesi kapena kampani yatseka. Kumalepheranso ngati wantchito akana popanda chifukwa chomveka chogwirizana ndi kubwezeretsedwa kwa antchito kapena ndi dokotala wa kampani, koma pokhapokha ngati abwana atachenjeza wantchitoyo polemba ndikusiya malipiro. Kudumpha sitepe imeneyo kumapha kuchotsedwa ntchito.

Njira pambuyo pa zaka ziwiri

Masabata 104 akatha, kuchotsedwa ntchito chifukwa cha kulephera kugwira ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali kumakhala kotheka. Bwana amafunika chilolezo kuchokera ku UWV, ndipo UWV imapereka chilolezocho pokhapokha ngati wantchitoyo sangakwanitse kugwira ntchito yomwe adagwirizana, kuchira mkati mwa masabata 26 sikuyenera kuyembekezeredwa, ndipo wantchitoyo sangasinthidwe ntchito mkati mwa nthawi imeneyo pamalo oyenera, kaya ndi maphunziro kapena ayi. Zinthu zimenezo zimawonjezeka, ndipo UWV imayang'ananso ngati khama lobwereranso kuntchito linali lokwanira; fayilo yofooka imapereka chilango cha malipiro m'malo mwa chilolezo. M'malo mwake, maguluwo amatha kuthetsa mgwirizanowo mwa mgwirizano wogwirizana, womwe umapewa njira yothanirana ndipo ndi zomwe zimachitika nthawi zambiri. Ngati bwana akufuna kuonetsetsa kuti njirayo ikupitirira, kulandira upangiri asanayambe ndikotsika mtengo kuposa kukonza pambuyo pake, ndipo zomwezo zimagwiranso ntchito pa njira ina iliyonse yochotsera ntchito ku Netherlands.

Wantchitoyo ali ndi ufulu wolandira malipiro osinthidwa mwalamulo (transitievergoeding), owerengedwa pa nthawi yonse ya ntchito kuphatikizapo zaka ziwiri za matenda. Bwanayo akhoza kufunsira ku UWV kuti alipire malipirowo motsatira ndondomeko ya malipiro chifukwa cha kulephera kugwira ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali, malinga ndi malire a malamulo, zomwe zimachotsa chifukwa chachikulu cha zachuma chomwe olemba ntchito anali nacho posiya mapangano osagwira ntchito.

Ubale wopanda ntchito

Kusiya pangano la ntchito pambuyo pa zaka ziwiri za kudwala, popanda ntchito komanso malipiro, kungopewa kulipira ndalama zosinthira, sikuloledwa. Pa chigamulo chake cha pa 8 Novembala 2019 pa mlandu wa Xella (ECLI:NL:HR:2019:1734) Khoti Lalikulu linagamula kuti machitidwe abwino pantchito amafuna kuti olemba ntchito, makamaka, avomereze lingaliro la wantchito lothetsa ubale wantchito womwe sunagwire ntchito ndi kulipira malipiro osinthira okhazikitsidwa ndi lamulo. Olemba ntchito angakane pokhapokha ngati ali ndi chidwi chenicheni chosunga panganolo, mwachitsanzo chiyembekezo chenicheni chakuti wantchitoyo adzabwerera kuntchito. Wantchito yemwe pangano lake lasiyidwa lokhazikika akhoza kutengapo gawo, ndipo ayenera.

Zoyenera kuchita tsopano

Kwa wantchito, chofunika kwambiri m'masabata oyamba ndi njira osati malamulo. Nenani za kudwala pa nthawi yake komanso m'njira yovomerezeka, sungani nthawi yokumana ndi dokotala wa kampani, lembani chilichonse chofunikira, ndipo sungani makope a kusanthula vuto, dongosolo la zochita ndi kuwunika kulikonse. Ngati kuwunika kwa dokotala wa kampani kukuoneka kolakwika, funsani lingaliro lachiwiri kwa dokotala wina wa kampani; ngati kusagwirizana kuli ndi abwana pankhani ya ntchito yoyenera kapena malipiro, funsani UWV kuti akupatseni lingaliro la katswiri musanavutike mkanganowo. Musasayine pangano lothetsa mavuto mukadwala popanda upangiri, chifukwa kuthetsa pangano m'zaka ziwiri zoyambirira nthawi zambiri kumawonongera wantchito malipiro a wodwala komanso phindu.

Kwa olemba ntchito, chofunika kwambiri ndi fayilo. Onetsetsani kuti kuwunika zoopsa ndi kwatsopano ndipo kumakhudza kupsinjika kwa ntchito, kuti mgwirizano woyambira ndi ntchito yatha, komanso kuti chizindikiro chilichonse chokhudza ntchito chayankhidwa polemba ndi muyeso ndi tsiku lotsatira. Munthu akadwala, sungani nthawi yomaliza ya Gatekeeper Improvement Act, yambani njira yachiwiri munthawi yake, ndikulemba sitepe iliyonse. Musafunse za matenda, ndipo musaike malire a malipiro popanda chenjezo lolembedwa kaye. Ngati pali kukayikira kwenikweni ngati kusakhalapo kulidi, njira imadutsa kudzera mwa dokotala wa kampani ndi maganizo a katswiri, osati kudzera m'makangano; kalozera wathu wa zomwe mungachite ngati wantchito wanenedwa kuti wadwala koma akuwoneka kuti akugwira ntchito akufotokoza njira zomwe zingamuthandize.

Law & More imalangiza za kutopa ndi kupsinjika pantchito ku Netherlands, ikuthandiza olemba ntchito ndi antchito omwe ali pa tchuthi chodwala, kubwezeretsedwa kwa anthu onse, zilango za malipiro, udindo wa olemba ntchito chifukwa cha kutopa ndi kuchotsedwa ntchito pambuyo pa matenda a nthawi yayitali, kuyambira lipoti loyamba la wodwala mpaka milandu yomwe idachitika kukhothi lachigawo chaching'ono. Malangizo a malamulo okhudza ntchito ku Netherlands fotokozani nkhani zapafupi mwatsatanetsatane. Ngati mukukumana ndi vuto la kusagwira ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali, kuyimitsidwa kwa malipiro, chisankho cha UWV kapena mlandu wovulala maganizo, maloya athu pantchito adzawunikanso fayiloyo ndikupereka njira zomwe mungasankhe. Chonde titumizireni uthenga kuti tikambirane za vuto lanu.

MAFUNSO OFUNSIDWA KAWIRIKAWIRI