Kudziwitsidwa za kusintha kwa kampani yonse ndi vuto lalikulu kwa wantchito aliyense. Bwana akasankha kuchepetsa antchito ake kwambiri, nthawi zambiri njirayi imayendetsedwa ndi malamulo okhwima komanso mapulani athunthu a anthu. Mapulani amenewa adapangidwa kuti azitha kuyendetsa bwino kusinthaku ndikuwonetsetsa kuti zinthu zonse zikuchitika mwachilungamo.
Komabe, kukhazikika kwa miyezo nthawi zambiri sikuganizira za momwe zinthu zilili payekha. Mungadabwe ngati mukutsatira malamulo onse, kapena ngati pali malo oti mukambirane za njira yopezera njira yotulukira. Yankho lalifupi pansi pa ntchito ya ku Netherlands chilamulo inde—koma kukwaniritsa izi kumafuna kutsata malamulo ovuta komanso malamulo okhazikika.
Buku lofotokozera bwino lomweli likufotokoza momwe ntchito yochotsera anthu onse ku Netherlands imagwirira ntchito, ntchito ya dongosolo la anthu, ndi mikhalidwe yeniyeni yomwe wantchito angakambirane bwino za mgwirizano wa munthu payekha.
Kumvetsetsa Chikhalidwe cha Malamulo: WMCO
Kuti timvetse momwe makonzedwe a munthu aliyense amagwirira ntchito, choyamba tiyenera kuyang'ana malamulo okhudza kuchotsedwa kwa antchito ambiri. Ku Netherlands, kuchotsedwa kwa antchito onse kumayendetsedwa ndi Collective Redundancy Notification Act, yomwe imadziwika kuti WMCO (Kusungunula konyowa kusonkhanitsa ontslag).
Malinga ndi WMCO, kuchotsedwa ntchito pamodzi kumachitika pamene olemba ntchito akufuna kuthetsa mapangano a ntchito a antchito 20 kapena kuposerapo mkati mwa malo amodzi ogwirira ntchito a UWV (Employee Insurance Agency) kwa miyezi itatu.
Pamene malire awa akwaniritsidwa, olemba ntchito akukumana ndi maudindo okhwima alamulo. Ayenera kudziwitsa UWV ndi mabungwe ogwira ntchito oyenerera za zolinga zawo. Kuphatikiza apo, ayenera kufunsa mabungwe ogwira ntchito ndi Bungwe la Ntchito la kampaniyo (Ondernemingsraad) kukambirana zifukwa zokonzanso zinthu ndi kufufuza njira zochepetsera zotsatirapo za ogwira ntchito omwe akhudzidwa. Kulephera kutsatira zofunikira pa chidziwitso cha WMCO kungayambitse zilango zoopsa, kuphatikizapo kuletsa kuchotsedwa ntchito.
Udindo wa Ndondomeko ya Anthu
Pa nthawi yochotsa ntchito pamodzi, olemba ntchito nthawi zambiri amapereka ndondomeko ya anthu. Ichi ndi chikalata chomwe chimafotokoza za ndalama ndi chithandizo chothandiza chomwe chimaperekedwa kwa antchito omwe akutaya ntchito zawo. Ndondomeko ya anthu nthawi zambiri imaphatikizapo ndalama zolipirira anthu omwe achotsedwa ntchito, bajeti ya anthu omwe achoka pantchito, ndi ndalama zolipirira milandu.
Udindo walamulo wa dongosolo la anthu umakhudza kwambiri luso lanu lokambirana za mgwirizano wa munthu payekha. Nthawi zambiri timasiyanitsa mitundu iwiri ya mapulani a anthu:
Mapulani Achikhalidwe a Umodzi
Wolemba ntchito akhoza kulemba ndikukhazikitsa dongosolo la anthu popanda mgwirizano wa mabungwe ogwira ntchito. Ngakhale kuti Bungwe la Ntchito likanapereka upangiri wabwino pakukonzekeranso ntchito, alibe mphamvu zovomerezeka zovomerezana pa ntchito monga malipiro a kuchotsedwa ntchito. Chifukwa mapulani a munthu mmodzi sathandizidwa ndi oimira antchito, makhothi aku Netherlands amawafufuza mosamala. Ogwira ntchito ali ndi mwayi waukulu wokambirana za nthawi ya munthu payekha kapena kutsutsa pempho la kuchotsedwa ntchito pamaso pa woweruza ngati dongosolo la anthu onse ndi la munthu mmodzi.
Mapulani Ogwirizana a Anthu
Pamene dongosolo la anthu likukambidwa ndikuvomerezedwa ndi mabungwe oimira ogwira ntchito, limakhala ndi mphamvu zambiri zalamulo. Makhothi nthawi zambiri amaganiza kuti mabungwe ogwira ntchito ayimira bwino zofuna za ogwira ntchito. Chifukwa chake, oweruza safuna kupereka malipiro apamwamba kwa antchito pawokha ngati dongosolo la anthu lidavomerezedwa ndi mabungwe ogwirizana, powona mgwirizano wa onse ngati muyezo woyenera.
Kodi Mungakambirane za Mgwirizano wa Munthu Payekha?
Ngakhale kuti pali dongosolo la anthu, n'zotheka kwambiri kukwaniritsa mgwirizano wa munthu payekha panthawi yochotsa ntchito pamodzi. Nthawi zambiri, olemba ntchito amasankha kuthetsa mapangano a ntchito mwa mgwirizano m'malo motsatira njira yayitali komanso yosatsimikizika yochotsera ntchito ya UWV.
Kuti izi zitheke, olemba ntchito adzakupatsani mgwirizano wothetsera mavuto (chidwi kwambiri kapena VSO). Pangano lothetsa mavuto ndi pangano lovomerezeka mwalamulo lomwe limafotokoza bwino zomwe muyenera kuchita kuti muchoke. Chifukwa kusaina VSO ndi chinthu chodzifunira, nthawi zambiri kumabweretsa nthawi yokambirana.
Ngati bwana wanu akupereka VSO yokhazikika pa mfundo zonse za dongosolo la anthu, muli ndi ufulu wokana. Ngati muli ndi zifukwa zomveka zalamulo kapena zanu, mutha kupereka malingaliro otsutsana ndi zomwe mukufuna. Komabe, bwana wanu sakakamizidwa mwalamulo kuvomereza zomwe mukufuna. Ngati zokambirana sizikuyenda bwino, bwana wanu mwina apitiliza ndi njira yochotsera ntchito mwalamulo kudzera mu UWV.
Mikhalidwe Yopewera Kutsatira Ndondomeko Yachikhalidwe
Ngati mwasankha kutsatira mgwirizano wa munthu payekha womwe umaposa zomwe zili mu dongosolo la anthu onse, mfundo zanu ziyenera kugwirizana ndi mfundo za malamulo ndi malamulo aku Dutch.
Chigawo cha Mavuto
Ndondomeko yokonzedwa bwino ya chikhalidwe cha anthu iyenera kukhala yomveka bwino, yopanda malo otanthauzira za yemwe apeza chiyani. Komabe, pofotokoza zolakwika zosayembekezereka, mapulani ambiri a chikhalidwe cha anthu amaphatikizapo gawo la zovuta (hardheidsclausule).
Chigamulo cha mavuto chimanena kuti olemba ntchito akhoza kusiya kutsatira malamulo wamba ngati kugwiritsa ntchito mosamala dongosolo la anthu kungabweretse zotsatira zosalungama kapena zosavomerezeka kwa wantchito wina. Kuti mugwiritse ntchito chigamulochi bwino, muyenera kusonyeza kuti mkhalidwe wanu ndi wosiyana kwambiri ndi wa anzanu. Mwachitsanzo, ngati kuwerengera kwachizolowezi kwa kulekera ntchito kukuwonongani kwambiri chifukwa cha nthawi yayitali ya tchuthi chosalipidwa kapena tsiku la penshoni lomwe latsala pang'ono kutha, mungakhale ndi zifukwa zokonzera mgwirizano wanu payekha.
Mfundo Yofanana Yochitira Ena
Pokambirana za mgwirizano wa munthu payekha, mfundo yochitirana zinthu mofanana ndi vuto lalikulu. Olemba ntchito ayenera kuchita zinthu ngati olemba ntchito abwino mwalamulo (anapita wekgeverschap), zomwe zikutanthauza kuti sangakondere wantchito wina kuposa wina popanda zifukwa zomveka komanso zolondola.
Ngati bwana wanu akukupatsani ndalama zambiri zochotsera pantchito chifukwa choti mwakambirana mozama, akhoza kuyika chitsanzo. Antchito ena omwe akhudzidwa anganene kuti akuchitiridwa zinthu mosiyana. Chifukwa chake, kuti mupeze mgwirizano wapadera, muyenera kupatsa abwana anu chifukwa chenicheni komanso cholembedwa chomwe chimatsimikizira chifukwa chake muyenera kulandira chithandizo chosiyana. Izi zitha kukhala zokhudzana ndi mlandu wovulala womwe ukupitilira, matenda osathetsedwa pantchito, kapena mkangano womwe ulipo kale wokhudza mbiri yanu yantchito womwe ukufunika kuthetsedwa nthawi imodzi.
Kupewa Kusankhana Mwachindunji
Chinthu china chofunikira kwambiri poyesa makonzedwe a munthu payekha komanso mapulani a anthu ndi kuletsa tsankho losalunjika. Nthawi zina, malamulo wamba amakhudza kwambiri chiwerengero cha anthu. Mwachitsanzo, ngati dongosolo la anthu limaletsa malipiro ochotsera antchito m'njira yomwe imawononga kwambiri antchito okalamba, likhoza kukhala tsankho losalunjika la zaka.
Ngati mungasonyeze kuti kugwiritsa ntchito malamulo onse pa mlandu wanu ndi tsankho, olemba ntchito amakakamizidwa mwalamulo kukonza vutoli, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimapangitsa kuti pakhale mgwirizano wogwirizana ndi munthu payekha.
Kuchitapo kanthu pamaso pa UWV kapena makhothi
Ngati bwana wanu akana kukambirana za mgwirizano wa munthu payekha ndipo inu mukukana kusaina pangano lokhazikika, bwanayo adzapempha chilolezo chochotsa ntchito kuchokera ku UWV.
Pa ndondomeko ya UWV, cholinga chachikulu chimakhala ngati olemba ntchito ali ndi chifukwa chomveka bwino cha zachuma chochotsera ntchito komanso ngati kusankha antchito kunachitika molondola (nthawi zambiri pogwiritsa ntchito mfundo yowunikira, kapena afspiegelingsbeginsel). UWV ilibe mphamvu zopereka malipiro ochotsera ntchito; imangopereka kapena kukana chilolezo chothetsa mgwirizano.
Ngati UWV ikupatsani chilolezocho, olemba ntchito adzathetsa pangano lanu, ndikukulipirani ndalama zolipirira kusintha kwalamulo (transitievergoedingNgati mukukhulupirira kuti chipukuta misozi ichi sichikwanira—ndipo kuti mukuyenera kulipidwa zambiri kuposa zomwe malamulo amapereka kapena zomwe zimaperekedwa pa ndondomeko ya anthu—muyenera kupempha khothi lachigawo chaching'ono (kantonrechter) mkati mwa miyezi iwiri kuchokera pamene ntchito yatha.
Muyezo wa Kuganiza Bwino ndi Kulungama
Poyesa zopempha zowonjezera, zoyenera (billijke vergoeding) Kuwonjezera pa malipiro osinthira, makhothi aku Dutch amagwiritsa ntchito mfundo zokhwima. Monga momwe Khoti Lalikulu linakhazikitsira, ngati dongosolo la anthu lavomerezedwa ndi mabungwe ogwira ntchito, woweruzayo adzasiya kugwiritsa ntchito ngati kuligwiritsa ntchito pa mlandu wanu sikuvomerezeka malinga ndi miyezo yanzeru komanso chilungamo (redelijkheid ndi billijkheid).
Uwu ndi malire apamwamba kwambiri alamulo. Muyenera kutsimikizira kuti abwana anu adachita zinthu mopanda mlandu (ernstig verwijtbaar handelen) kapena kuti zotsatira za kuchotsedwa ntchito zimakuwonongerani ndalama—ndipo zimasiyana kwambiri ndi momwe zinthu zilili—kotero kuti mgwirizano wa onse sungakwanire.
Udindo wa Bungwe la Ntchito
Ngakhale kuti Bungwe la Ntchito limagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri powunikiranso kufunika kwa ndalama zochotsera anthu onse komanso chilungamo cha njira zosankhira, nthawi zambiri salowererapo pamilandu ya munthu payekhapayekha.
Komabe, maganizo a Bungwe la Ntchito pa kukonzanso ntchito angakhudze luso lanu lokambirana. Ngati Bungwe la Ntchito lapereka uphungu wolakwika wokhudza kukonzanso ntchito, udindo wa olemba ntchito umafooka. M'zochitika zotere, olemba ntchito nthawi zambiri amakhala okonzeka kuvomereza mapangano abwino a munthu aliyense payekha kudzera m'mapangano othetsa mavuto kuti apewe mikangano yayitali yamilandu ndikuletsa kusokonezeka kwa ntchito.
Kuteteza Ufulu Wanu Panthawi Yokonzanso
Kuyendetsa ntchito yochotsa anthu onse pamodzi n'kovuta, ndipo kugwiritsa ntchito dongosolo lokhazikika la anthu nthawi zina kungalepheretse zinthu zofunika kwambiri pa munthu aliyense payekha. Ngakhale kuti malamulo aku Dutch amaona kuti mgwirizano wa anthu onse ndi wofunika kwambiri, pali njira zenizeni zopezera mgwirizano wa munthu payekha ngati zinthu zili choncho.
Kaya kudzera mu kugwiritsa ntchito gawo lovuta, kuzindikira kusalingana, kapena kugwiritsa ntchito mkangano wina walamulo, kukwaniritsa mgwirizano wokonzedwa bwino kumafuna kulondola komanso kumvetsetsa bwino malamulo okhudza ntchito. Popeza mavuto ndi akulu ndipo nthawi yomaliza yovomerezeka ndi yokhwima, ndi bwino kuti katswiri wa malamulo ogwira ntchito ku Netherlands akambirane za mgwirizano uliwonse kapena dongosolo la anthu asanasainire ufulu wanu.
MAFUNSO OFUNSIDWA KAWIRIKAWIRI
Kodi WMCO ndi chiyani ndipo imagwira ntchito liti?
Lamulo la WMCO (Wet melding collectief ontslag, kapena Collective Redundancy Notification Act) ndi lamulo la ku Netherlands lolamulira kuchotsedwa kwa antchito ambiri. Limagwira ntchito pamene olemba ntchito akufuna kuthetsa mapangano a antchito 20 kapena kuposerapo mkati mwa malo amodzi ogwirira ntchito a UWV kwa miyezi itatu. Pamene malire awa akwaniritsidwa, olemba ntchito ayenera kudziwitsa UWV ndi mabungwe ogwira ntchito oyenerera ndikufunsana nawo ndi Bungwe la Ntchito za zifukwa zokonzanso ndi njira zochepetsera zotsatira zake pa antchito.
Kodi ndingathe kukambirana za mgwirizano wa munthu payekha ngati ndondomeko ya anthu ilipo kale?
Inde, n'zotheka, koma zimatengera momwe dongosolo la anthu linakhazikitsidwa. Ngati dongosololi litakambirana ndikugwirizana ndi mabungwe oimira ogwira ntchito, makhothi nthawi zambiri amaliona ngati muyezo wolungama ndipo safuna kupereka nthawi yabwino kwa wantchito payekha. Kupatuka pa izi kumafuna kusonyeza kuti kugwiritsa ntchito dongosololi pa vuto lanu sikungakhale kovomerezeka malinga ndi miyezo yoyenera komanso yachilungamo.
Kodi ndi chiyani chomwe chimaonedwa ngati chochitika chapadera chosiya dongosolo la anthu?
Muyenera kusonyeza kuti vuto lanu ndi losiyana kwambiri ndi la anzanu, mwachitsanzo kuti kuwerengera kwa nthawi yopuma pantchito kumakuikani pachiwopsezo chachikulu chifukwa cha nthawi yayitali ya tchuthi chosalipidwa kapena tsiku la penshoni lomwe latsala pang'ono kutha. Nthawi zambiri muyenera kutsimikizira kuti muli ndi mlandu waukulu kwa olemba ntchito, kapena kuti zotsatira za kuchotsedwa ntchito ndizovuta kwambiri pazachuma komanso zapadera kwa inu kotero kuti mgwirizano wonse sungakwanire mokwanira.
N’chifukwa chiyani mfundo ya kuchitiridwa mofanana ndi yofunika kwambiri pa zokambiranazi?
Olemba ntchito ayenera kuchita zinthu ngati olemba ntchito abwino (goed werkgeverschap), zomwe zikutanthauza kuti sangakondere wantchito wina kuposa wina popanda chifukwa chomveka bwino. Ngati olemba ntchito apereka ndalama zambiri zochotsera ntchito chifukwa chakuti wantchito wina wakambirana mozama, antchito ena omwe akhudzidwa anganene kuti akuchitiridwa zinthu mosiyana, kotero olemba ntchito amasamala kuti asapatuke pa muyezo wa onse.
Kodi makonzedwe a munthu payekha nthawi zambiri amakonzedwa bwanji?
Olemba ntchito nthawi zambiri amakonda kuthetsa ubale wa ntchito mwa mgwirizano m'malo mogwiritsa ntchito njira yayitali komanso yosatsimikizika yochotsera ntchito ya UWV. Kuti akwaniritse izi, olemba ntchito amapereka mgwirizano wokhazikika (vaststellingsovereenkomst kapena VSO), mgwirizano wovomerezeka mwalamulo womwe ungaphatikizepo mawu okambirana payekha pamwamba pa, kapena kupatuka ku, dongosolo lokhazikika la anthu.
Kodi maganizo a Bungwe la Ntchito akukhudza mwayi wanga wopeza dongosolo labwino?
Bungwe la Ntchito nthawi zambiri sililowererapo pamilandu ya munthu payekhapayekha, koma malingaliro ake onse pakusintha kwa ntchito angakhudze zokambirana mwanjira ina. Ngati Bungwe la Ntchito lapereka upangiri wolakwika wokhudza kukonzanso ntchito, udindo wa olemba ntchito umafooka, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimapangitsa olemba ntchito kukhala okonzeka kuvomereza makonzedwe abwino a munthu payekhapayekha.
