Munthu wapafupi nanu wamwalira ku Netherlands, kapena mukukonzekera malo anu kuno. Muyenera kudziwa yemwe ali ndi ufulu wolandira chiyani, ndi zomwe mungachite nthawi yomaliza isanathe. Lamulo lolowa m'malo mwa mwiniwake wa ku Netherlands lili mu Buku 4 la Civil Code ( Burgerlijk Wetboek , BW). Limapatsa mkazi kapena mwamuna wotsala udindo wamphamvu, limapatsa ana ufulu wochepa womwe palibe chifuniro chomwe chingachotse, ndipo limaika malire a nthawi yochepa pa ufuluwo.
Zingagwire ntchito kwa inu ngakhale simuli wa ku Netherlands: m'maiko ambiri a EU, lamulo lolamulira limakhudza malo okhala a womwalirayo akamwalira, osati dziko lake. Malamulo apadziko lonse lapansi ndi omwe amathera.
Ndani amalandira cholowa pamene palibe chifuniro: gawo lovomerezeka ndi lamulo
Popanda chifuniro, Buku 4 la BW limatchula olowa m'malo m'magulu: choyamba mkazi kapena mwamuna kapena mkazi wolembetsedwa pamodzi ndi ana; kulephera, makolo ndi abale; kenako agogo. Ubwenzi wolembetsedwa umafanana ndi ukwati (art. 4:8 BW), koma mnzanu wosakwatiwa wokhala ndi moyo limodzi salandira chilichonse chifukwa cha pangano la ukwati, kaya ubalewo ukhale wautali bwanji komanso chilichonse chomwe mgwirizano wa kukhala limodzi umanena. Anthu okhala limodzi omwe akufuna kupezerana zosowa ayenera kupanga chifuniro.
Momwe luso. 4:13 BW imagwirira ntchito
Ngati womwalirayo wasiya mkazi kapena mwamuna kapena mkazi wolembetsedwa komanso ana, gawo la wettelijke verdeling — gawo lovomerezeka — limagwira ntchito yokha motsatira chigawo. 4:13 BW:
- Mkazi wotsalayo amapeza katundu yense wa malo motsatira lamulo — palibe chochita, palibe magawano, palibe mgwirizano kuchokera kwa ana.
- Mkazi kapena mwamuna amakhala ndi udindo pa ngongole zonse za chuma (art. 4:14 BW); popeza pakati pa mkazi kapena mwamuna ndi ana, ndiye kuti ndi wa mkazi kapena mwamuna yekhayo.
- Mwana aliyense ndi wolowa m'malo, koma amalandira mlandu wa ndalama kwa mkazi kapena mwamuna wotsalayo wofanana ndi mtengo wa gawo lake. Mwanayo sadzakhala mwini nyumba, maakaunti kapena bizinesi.
Choncho, mkazi kapena mwamuna wotsalayo akhoza kukhala m'nyumba ya banja ndikuyendetsa bizinesiyo popanda chilolezo cha wina aliyense. Zopempha za ana sizimalipidwa nthawi yonse ya moyo wa mkazi kapena mwamuna ; nthawi zambiri zimakhala chifukwa cha imfa ya mkazi kapena mwamuna, bankirapuse kapena kuvomereza kusintha kwa ngongole, ndipo chikalata cha chifuniro chingapangitse zinthu zina monga kukwatiranso. Chiwongola dzanja chimayendetsedwa ndi chigamulo motsatira Article. 4:13 BW pa chiwongola dzanja chovomerezeka ndi lamulo kupatula maperesenti asanu ndi limodzi, kotero palibe chomwe chimawonjezeka pamene chiwongola dzanja chovomerezeka chimakhala pansi pa 6 peresenti, pokhapokha ngati chikalata cha chifunirocho chikhazikitsa chiwongola dzanja chosiyana - mfundo yofunika kwambiri pa nthawi yayitali ya umasiye.
Kuthetsa gawo la malamulo
Kugawikana kwa katundu mwalamulo sikokakamiza. Malinga ndi Article 4:18 BW, mkazi kapena mwamuna wotsalayo akhoza kuisiya mkati mwa miyezi itatu kuchokera pamene anamwalira , ndi chikalata cholembedwa mu kaundula wa katundu ( boedelregister ). Zotsatira zake zimakhala zobwerera m'mbuyo: katunduyo amagawidwa motsatira malamulo wamba, ndipo mkazi kapena mwamuna ndi ana ndi eni ake. Chikalatacho chiyenera kulembedwa mkati mwa miyezi itatuyo. Payokha, Article 4:19, Article 4:20, Article 4:21 ndi Article 4:22 BW amapatsa ana ufulu wofuna katundu mpaka mtengo wa zomwe akufuna, nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi ufulu wopeza ndalama - makamaka pamene kholo lotsalalo limakwatiranso, zomwe zimasunga katundu wa banja kuchokera ku nthambi ya mkazi kapena mwamuna watsopano.
Zimene chifuniro chingasinthe ndi zomwe sichingasinthe
Chifuniro cha ku Dutch chiyenera kupangidwa ndi chikalata cha notarial , kapena ndi chikalata chachinsinsi chosungidwa kwa notarial-law (art. 4:94 BW). Palibe chikalata chovomerezeka cholembedwa ndi manja; kupatulapo pang'ono ndi codicil pansi pa Article. 4:97 BW, chomwe chingathe kutaya zovala, zodzikongoletsera, katundu wa m'nyumba ndi mabuku, koma osati ndalama, katundu kapena chizindikiritso cha olowa m'malo. Chifuniro chilichonse cha notarial chimalembedwa mu Central Register of Wills ( Central Testamentenregister ), chomwe chimalemba kuti chifuniro chilipo komanso komwe, osati zomwe zili mkati mwake.
Ufulu wa pangano ndi wokulirapo. Chigamulo cha chifuniro chikhoza kusankha olowa m'malo mwaufulu ndikuchotsa aliyense cholowa ; kuchotsa kugawa kwalamulo kapena kusintha pamene zopempha za ana zikuperekedwa; kusankha woyang'anira ndi woyang'anira ( bewindvoerder ); kupanga cholowa chokhazikika; kuphatikiza gawo lochotsa ( uitsluitingsclausule ) kusunga cholowa kunja kwa gulu lochepa la katundu pakusudzulana kwa mwana; ndi kusankha lamulo.
Chifuniro cha Mulungu sichingathe kuchita ndi kugonjetsa ufulu umene lamulo limasunga: sichingachotse gawo lovomerezeka la mwana, kapena ufulu womwe uli pansipa. Kuchotsa cholowa kumagwira ntchito kwenikweni - mwanayo si wolowa m'malo ndipo salandira chilichonse chokha - koma sichimupangitsa kuti achoke.
Gawo lovomerezeka la mwana wosalandira cholowa
Ndani anganene zimenezo, ndipo zingati
Malinga ndi Art. 4:63 BW, legitimarissen ndi mbadwa zomwe zimayitanidwa ku chuma ndi lamulo: ana, ndi zidzukulu zokha pamene alowa m'malo mwa kholo lomwe linamwalira lisanamwalire. Mkazi kapena mwamuna alibe gawo lovomerezeka, ndipo makolo, abale kapena okwatirana alibe gawo lililonse.
Art. 4:64 BW imaika theka la zomwe mwana akanalandira atalowa m'malo osungira pangano . Ndi mkazi kapena mwamuna wotsala ndi ana awiri, aliyense angatenge gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a pangano losungira pangano, kotero gawo lovomerezeka la mwana aliyense ndi gawo limodzi mwa magawo asanu ndi limodzi a maziko owerengera.
Maziko amenewo — legitimaire massa — si zomwe zinatsala kubanki. Malinga ndi Art. 4:65 BW, ndi mtengo wa chuma pa imfa, womwe umawonjezeka ndi mphatso zina za moyo wonse ndipo umachepetsedwa ndi ngongole zomwe zafotokozedwa. Mphatso zomwe zawonjezeredwa m'mbuyo zalembedwa mu Art. 4:67 BW: mwachidule, mphatso mkati mwa zaka zisanu asanamwalire , mphatso kwa ana akapangidwa nthawi iliyonse, mphatso zobwezedwa, ndi mphatso zomwe cholinga chake ndi kusokoneza omwe ali ndi ufulu. Zimene mwana walandira kale zimatsutsana ndi ufulu wake (Art. 4:70 ndi Art. 4:71 BW). Chifukwa chake, wopereka pangano sangagonjetse gawolo popereka chilichonse asanamwalire.
Ndi kupempha ndalama, osati nyumba
Makasitomala ochokera m'mabungwe omwe kulandira cholowa mokakamizidwa kumapereka gawo mu katundu nthawi zambiri amalakwitsa. Gawo lovomerezeka la Dutch ndi ndalama zomwe zimafunidwa motsutsana ndi olowa m'malo (art. 4:63 BW), zomwe zimakakamizidwa ngati pakufunika kutero mwa kuchepetsa ndalama zomwe zimaperekedwa ndi mphatso motsatira art. 4:79 ndi art. 4:80 BW. Mwana wosalandira cholowa sangapemphe nyumba ya banja kapena gawo mu kampani, kuletsa kugulitsa, kapena kuvota mu ulamuliro. Komanso ufuluwo sudzibwera wokha: mwanayo ayenera kuugwiritsa ntchito.
Nthawi yomwe ingasonkhanitsidwe - ndi nthawi yomaliza ya zaka zisanu
Kupempha ufulu ndi kulipidwa ndi zinthu zosiyana. Kawirikawiri, pempholi silingagwire ntchito mpaka miyezi isanu ndi umodzi kuchokera pamene imfa yachitika, ndipo nthawi zambiri limachedwetsa kukakamizidwa mpaka mkazi kapena mwamuna wotsalayo atamwalira (art. 4:81 ndi art. 4:82 BW). Mwana akhoza kukhala ndi ufulu koma akuyembekezera kwa zaka zambiri.
Nthawi yomaliza yopempha ndi yosakhululuka. Malinga ndi Article. 4:85 BW, ufulu umatha ngati sunatchulidwe mkati mwa nthawi yoyenera yokhazikitsidwa ndi munthu wokhudzidwa, ndipo mulimonsemo mkati mwa zaka zisanu kuchokera pamene anamwalira . Ngati wolowa m'malo kapena wosunga katundu alemba nthawi yoyenera, nthawi yochepayo imalamulira ndipo imatha kutha zaka zisanu zisanakwane. Chilengezo china cha miyezi itatu chimagwira ntchito malinga ndi Article. 4:72 ndi Article. 4:73 BW pamene mwanayo wasiyidwa china chake ndipo ayenera kusankha pakati pa kutenga ndi kutenga gawolo.
Kupeza chidziwitso chowerengera
Mwana wosalandira cholowa alibe mwayi wopeza mapepala a chumacho. Art. 4:78 BW imatseka kusiyana kumeneko: a legitimaris amene si wolowa m'malo angafune kuti olowa m'malo ndi woyang'anira nyumba apereke zonse zofunika kuti awerengere ufulu, ndipo atha kupempha khoti lachigawo kuti litsimikizire zinthu zonse pansi pa lumbiro. Mu chigamulo cha pa 21 February 2024, Khoti Lachigawo la Amsterdam (ECLI:NL:RBAMS:2024:1063) adatsimikiza pamaziko amenewo kuti wolowa m'maloyo ayenera kupereka zikalata zakubanki kuti ovomereza azitha kudziwa ngati mphatso zaperekedwa. Ngati chidziwitso sichinaperekedwe, lamulo la khothi lokhala ndi chilango ndi lachizolowezi.
Zina mwazoyenera malinga ndi malamulo
Buku lachinayi la BW lili ndi ufulu wina woteteza, womwe suyenera kuchotsedwa pa chifuniro. Ndiwofunika kwambiri pamene mwamuna kapena mkazi wake sanasamalidwe bwino, ndipo aliyense ali ndi nthawi yochepa yomaliza.
| Choyenerera | nkhani | Ndani anganene kuti | Kutalika kwa nthawi |
|---|---|---|---|
| Kupitiriza kukhala m'nyumba ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zapakhomo, monga momwe zinalili kale | zaluso 4:28 BW | Mkazi kapena mwamuna kapena mkazi wolembetsedwa; pamlingo wofanana wokhala ndi mkazi kapena mwamuna | Yokha; imagwira ntchito kwa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi |
| Kusagwiritsidwa ntchito kwa nyumba ndi zomwe zili mkati mwake, komwe sizingaperekedwe kwa wopulumuka | zaluso 4:29 BW | Mkazi kapena mwamuna kapena mkazi wolembetsedwa | Pemphani mkati mwa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi |
| Kugwiritsa ntchito chuma china cha malo, malinga ndi momwe chikufunikira pa chisamaliro ndi kukonza | zaluso 4:30 BW | Mkazi kapena mwamuna kapena mkazi wolembetsedwa | Pemphani mkati mwa chaka chimodzi |
| Ndalama zolipirira chisamaliro, kulera, ndalama zogulira zinthu zofunika pa moyo ndi maphunziro | zaluso 4:35 BW | Ana ndi ana opeza osakwana zaka 21 | Pemphani mkati mwa miyezi isanu ndi inayi |
| Malipiro oyenera chifukwa cha ntchito yosalipidwa m'nyumba kapena bizinesi ya womwalirayo | zaluso 4:36 BW | Ana, ana opeza ndi zidzukulu | Pemphani mkati mwa miyezi isanu ndi inayi |
Izi ndi nthawi yomaliza yopempha . Ngati ufulu uyenera kutsatiridwa, pempho limapita ku kantonrechter: mkati mwa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi kuchokera pamene munthu wamwalira chifukwa cha kusagwiritsa ntchito bwino nyumbayo ndi zomwe zili mkati mwake motsatira Art. 4:29 BW, mkati mwa chaka chimodzi cha kusagwiritsa ntchito bwino nyumbayo motsatira Art. 4:30 BW, ndipo mkati mwa miyezi isanu ndi inayi ndalama zonse zosamalira mwana motsatira Art. 4:35 BW ndi ndalama zonse zogwirira ntchito motsatira Art. 4:36 BW.
Kulandira, kulandira zinthu zomwe sizinali zogwiritsidwa ntchito, kapena kuzikana
Wolowa m'malo ali ndi njira zitatu:
- Kuvomereza koyera (zuivere aanvaarding): wolowa m'malo amavomereza kotheratu ndipo amakhala wodziyimira pawokha pa ngongole zonse za chuma, kuphatikizapo ndalama zomwe zatsala pa katunduyo, kotero chuma chosakhala chabwino chimafika pa ndalama zomwe wolowa m'maloyo amasunga ndi kulipira.
- Kulandira zinthu zomwe zili m'sitolo popanda phindu (beneficiaire aanvaarding): udindo umangokhala pa zomwe zili m'nyumbamo, koma uyenera kumalizidwa motsatira malamulo oletsa kubweza katundu, choyamba obwereketsa. Chilengezo chimaperekedwa ku khoti la chigawo.
- Kukana (verwerpen): wolowa m'malo akukana cholowacho kotheratu, mwa kulengeza kukhoti. Izi ndi zosasinthika, ndipo gawolo nthawi zambiri limapita kwa mbadwa za wolowa m'maloyo, zomwe pambuyo pake ziyenera kusankha zokha.
Msampha ndi wakuti kuvomereza koyera kungachitike chifukwa cha khalidwe. Malinga ndi Article 4:192 BW, wolowa m'malo amene amachita zinthu ngati wolowa m'malo wovomereza mopanda malire amaonedwa ngati wavomereza kokha: kuchotsa nyumba, kugulitsa galimoto, kulipira ena omwe amabwereketsa osati ena, kapena kutenga zinthu zokumbukira kunyumba zonse zingawerengedwe. Ngati ndalama sizikudziwika, musakhudze chilichonse ndipo tsatirani upangiri kaye . Kwa ana aang'ono, woimirayo angalandire pokhapokha ngati zinthu zili m'nyumbamo.
Woyang'anira katundu ndi satifiketi ya cholowa
Woyang'anira katundu ( wopereka katundu ) angasankhidwe kokha ndi chifuniro (art. 4:142 BW). Ntchito yomwe ili mu Article. 4:144 BW ndi kuyang'anira katundu wa chuma ndikulipira ngongole zake, ndipo pochita izi, wopereka katunduyo amayimira olowa m'malo m'khoti ndi kunja kwa khoti (art. 4:145 BW). Ngati pakufunika, wopereka katunduyo angasinthe katunduyo kukhala ndalama zolipirira ngongole (art. 4:147 BW), ndipo ayenera kupatsa olowa m'malo zonse zomwe akupempha (art. 4:148 BW). Munthu amene sachita zinthu mosalowerera ndale akhoza kuchotsedwa ntchito.
Chikalata choloŵa ( verklaring van erfrecht ) ndi chikalata chovomerezeka ndi notarial motsatira Art. 4:188 BW chonena kuti ndani anamwalira, ngati panali chifuniro, ndani olowa m'malo, ngati anavomereza, ndi ndani amene angachitepo kanthu pa chumacho. Mabanki ndi malo olembetsera katundu nthawi zambiri sadzatulutsa ndalama kapena kusamutsa katundu popanda chimodzi; verklaring van executele yocheperako imakhazikitsa ulamuliro wa wosunga katundu yekha. Kwa mabanja apadziko lonse lapansi zimatenga nthawi yayitali kuposa momwe amayembekezera, chifukwa zikalata zakunja zingafunike kuvomerezedwa kapena apostille ndi kumasuliridwa kolumbirira.
Misonkho ya cholowa mwachidule
Misonkho ya cholowa cha ku Netherlands ( erfbelasting ) imayang'aniridwa ndi Successiewet 1956, yosiyana ndi lamulo la boma lomwe lili pamwambapa. Wopindula amalipira, pa zomwe wopindulayo amalandira - osati chuma monga choncho. Mlanduwu umatsatira nyumba ya womwalirayo , osati ya wopindulayo: mwambiri, umayenera kulipidwa komwe womwalirayo ankakhala ku Netherlands atamwalira, kulikonse komwe olowa m'malo amakhala. Mzika ya ku Netherlands yomwe imasamukira imaonedwa ndi art. 3 SW 1956 kukhala wokhala ku Netherlands kwa zaka khumi atachoka; nkhani imeneyi ndi ya nzika zaku Netherlands zokha, kotero nzika yakunja yomwe imasamukira imagwera kunja kwa dzikolo.
Kukhululukidwa kulipo ndipo kumadalira kwathunthu ubale. Mkazi kapena mwamuna wotsala kapena mnzanu wolembetsedwa ali ndi ufulu waukulu kwambiri, kotero cholowa cha mkazi kapena mwamuna sichimalipira msonkho konse; cha mwana ndi chochepa; bwenzi kapena m'bale ali ndi chochepa chokha. Mitengo imapita patsogolo , ndi magulu awiri ndi magulu atatu a ubale: kutali ndi womwalirayo, kukhululukidwa kumakhala kochepa ndipo mtengo wake umakwera. Kukhululukidwa kwa mnzanu kumafika ma euro mazana angapo, mwana amalandira oda yocheperako, ndipo m'bale kapena wopindula wosagwirizana naye amalandira ndalama zochepa chabe. M'gulu lililonse gulu loyamba limakhala ndi mtengo wotsika ndipo chilichonse chomwe chili pamwamba pa malire a gululo chimakhala chokwera, kotero mnzanu kapena mwana amalipira 10 peresenti mu gulu loyamba ndi 20 peresenti pamwamba pake. Ufulu wa penshoni wa wopulumuka umadya kukhululukidwa kumeneko: pansi pa kuwerengera kwa penshoni kwa art. 32 Successiewet 1956 mtengo wa penshoni womwe umapeza kwa mnzanu wotsalayo umayikidwa motsutsana ndi ufulu wa mnzanu, malinga ndi kukhululukidwa kochepa komwe kumakhalapo nthawi zonse. Malire a kukhululukidwa ndi malire a gululi adakhazikitsidwa mu Successiewet 1956 ndipo adasinthidwa kuyambira pa 1 Januwale chaka chilichonse, ndipo Belastingdienst imafalitsa tebulo loyenera. Chaka cha imfa ndi chomwe chimalamulira, choncho yang'anani ziwerengero za chaka chimenecho osati zomwe zilipo pano, ndipo tengani kuwerengerako kwa mlangizi wamisonkho: kampani iyi imalangiza za chuma cha anthu wamba ndipo imagwira ntchito limodzi ndi wachuma wanu pa kubweza ndalama.
Tsiku lomaliza lopereka msonkho lasintha. Linali miyezi isanu ndi itatu kuchokera tsiku la imfa; motsatira Ndondomeko ya Misonkho ya 2026, ya imfa pa 1 Januwale 2026 kapena pambuyo pake, nthawi yonse yopereka msonkho komanso tsiku lomwe chiwongola dzanja cha msonkho chawonjezeredwa mpaka miyezi makumi awiri pambuyo pa imfa . Ngati imfayo inali kale, onani nthawi yomwe ikugwira ntchito pa chuma chimenecho. Dziwani kuti Lamulo la EU Succession Regulation silikunena za msonkho konse - lamulo lolamulira cholowa ndi dziko lomwe likuyenera kupereka msonkho limasankhidwa ndi malamulo osiyanasiyana, ndipo nthawi zambiri ndi mayiko osiyanasiyana.
The international dimension
Kukhala mwachizolowezi komanso kusankha malamulo
Lamulo (EU) Nambala 650/2012 limagwira ntchito ngati imfa idachitika pa 17 Ogasiti 2015 kapena pambuyo pake . Malinga ndi Nkhani 21, lamulo logwira ntchito pa cholowa chonse ndi la Boma lomwe womwalirayo anali kukhalamo nthawi zonse akamwalira . Lamulo limodzi limalamulira katundu wonse, wosunthika komanso wosasunthika, kulikonse komwe uli. Nkhani 21 ilinso ndi njira yopulumukira pang'ono pomwe womwalirayo anali wolumikizana kwambiri ndi Boma lina - kupatulapo, osati chida chokonzekera. Kukhalamo nthawi zonse sikofanana ndi kulembetsa kwa boma kapena kukhala m'nyumba yokhomera msonkho, ndipo kwa munthu wochokera kunja amene wakhala kuno kwa zaka zingapo yemwe banja lake lili kunja, yankho lake lingakhale lotsutsana.
Nkhani 22 imalola munthu kusankha lamulo la Boma lomwe ali ndi dziko lake, akasankha kapena akamwalira; munthu wokhala ndi mayiko angapo angasankhe chilichonse mwa izo. Kusankha kuyenera kupangidwa mwachindunji pogawa katundu akamwalira - m'mawu omveka bwino, olembedwa mu chifuniro momveka bwino. Kwa anthu akunja apa, iyi ndi njira imodzi yofunika kwambiri yokonzekera, ndipo imagwira ntchito m'njira zonse ziwiri: nzika yakunja yomwe sakufuna gawo lovomerezeka la Dutch ingasankhe lamulo la dziko lawo, ndipo nzika ya Dutch yomwe ili kunja yomwe ikufuna gawo lovomerezeka ikhoza kusankha lamulo la Dutch.
Machenjezo awiri. Kusankha lamulo lakunja sikuti kumapereka ufulu wochulukirapo: machitidwe ambiri a malamulo aboma ali ndi udindo wokakamiza wolowa m'malo kuposa wa ku Dutch, ndipo Nkhani 23 imatsimikizira kuti lamulo lomwe likugwiritsidwa ntchito limayang'anira gawo logwiritsidwa ntchito la katundu ndi magawo osungidwa. Ndipo kusankha lamulo sikusintha chilichonse chokhudza msonkho. Lamuloli limamanga Mayiko a EU kupatula Denmark ndi Ireland , ndipo silinagwire ntchito ku United Kingdom. Pamene katundu wakhudza dziko lopanda malire kapena losakhala la EU, onani momwe Dutch akuonera motsutsana ndi malamulo a dzikolo omwe amakangana, omwe angakakamize kugwiritsa ntchito lamulo lawo pa katundu wosasunthika.
Satifiketi Yolowa M'malo ku Europe
Lamuloli linapanga Chikalata Cholowa cha ku Ulaya, cholamulidwa ndi Nkhani 62 mpaka 69, cha olowa m'malo, olandira cholowa, osunga malamulo ndi oyang'anira omwe amafunika kutsimikizira udindo wawo kapena mphamvu zawo mu Dziko lina la Membala. Ku Netherlands, notary wa malamulo aboma amachipereka motsatira Article 4:188a BW. Chimagwira ntchito m'Mayiko Onse Ogwirizana popanda njira yapadera, ndipo munthu amene akuchita zinthu mokhulupirika ndi mwiniwakeyo amatetezedwa. Kugwiritsa ntchito kwake ndi kosankha, ndipo sikulowa m'malo mwa Dutch verklaring van erfrecht mdziko muno. Mfundo yothandiza ili mu Nkhani 70: makope ovomerezeka ndi ogwira ntchito kwa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi , ndipo tsiku lotha ntchito lalembedwa pa kopiyo. Mabanki akunja ndi mabungwe olembetsa amakana makope omwe atha ntchito, choncho pemphani imodzi ikafunika, osati pachiyambi.
Kodi ndingathe kuchotsa mwana wanga ku Netherlands?
Inde. Chigamulo cha ukwati chingachotse mwana, yemwe si wolowa m'malo: palibe gawo mu chuma ndipo palibe mawu mu kayendetsedwe ka chuma. Koma motsatira Article 4:63 BW, mwanayo amasunga gawo lovomerezeka loyenera theka la gawo lopanda pangano, ngati chopempha ndalama motsutsana ndi olowa m'malo, ndipo ayenera kuchitchula - motsatira Article 4:85 BW, apo ayi sichidzatha.
Kodi gawo lovomerezeka ndi lofunika bwanji?
Malinga ndi Art. 4:64 BW, ndi theka la zomwe mwana akanalandira polowa m'malo opanda cholowa. Maziko ake si chuma cha tsiku lomwalira: Art. 4:65 BW ndi Art. 4:67 BW amafuna kuti mphatso zina za moyo wonse ziwonjezedwenso, kuphatikizapo mphatso mkati mwa zaka zisanu kuchokera pamene anamwalira ndi mphatso kwa ana nthawi iliyonse yomwe yaperekedwa, ndipo ngongole zimachotsedwa.
Kodi ndingakakamize kugulitsa nyumba ya kholo langa lomwe lamwalira kuti lilipire?
Ayi. Gawo lovomerezeka ndi loti munthu apemphe ndalama kwa olowa m'malo, osati kwa katundu winawake. Simungathe kupempha nyumbayo, kuletsa kugulitsa kwake kapena kulembetsa gawo lake. Nthawi zambiri silingagwire ntchito mpaka miyezi isanu ndi umodzi kuchokera pamene munthu wamwalira, ndipo nthawi zambiri amaimitsa kaye mpaka mkazi kapena mwamuna wake atamwalira (art. 4:81 ndi art. 4:82 BW).
Mwamuna wanga wosakwatiwa anamwalira popanda chikalata chotsimikizira kuti ndili ndi moyo. Kodi ndimalandira chiyani?
Palibe chilichonse pansi pa malamulo a ukwati wopanda cholowa. Malamulo aku Dutch amafanana ndi ukwati, koma munthu wosakwatiwa wokhala naye si wolowa m'malo, ngakhale mutakhalitsa limodzi kwa nthawi yayitali bwanji. Mutha kukhala ndi ufulu pansi pa ndondomeko ya penshoni kapena ndondomeko ya moyo, ndipo art. 4:28 BW imalola munthu wokhala naye kuti apitirize kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zapakhomo ndi zapakhomo kwa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi. Chilichonse chowonjezera chimafuna chifuniro.
Ndine mlendo wokhala kuno. Kodi lamulo loti munthu akhale ndi cholowa ku Netherlands lidzagwira ntchito kwa ine?
Mwina, ngati Netherlands ndi malo anu okhala nthawi zonse mukamwalira. Malinga ndi Nkhani 21 ya Regulation (EU) No 650/2012, cholowa chonsecho chimayendetsedwa ndi lamulo la Dutch kulikonse komwe katundu wanu ali, kotero gawo lovomerezeka la Dutch lingagwire ntchito kwa ana anu. Nkhani 22 imakulolani kusankha lamulo lanu ladziko, koma mu chifuniro chokha.
Kodi ndiyenera kulandira chuma chomwe ndikuganiza kuti chingakhale chosatha?
Osati kokha, ndipo musakhudze katunduyo. Malinga ndi Art. 4:192 BW kuchita zinthu ngati wolowa m'malo kumawerengedwa ngati kuvomereza koyera, kukupangitsani inu nokha kukhala ndi udindo pa ngongole za chuma kuposa mtengo wake. Kulandira chumacho pansi pa phindu la katundu kumachepetsa udindo pa chumacho; kukana chumacho kumachikana kwathunthu koma sikungasinthidwe ndipo kumapatsa ana anu chisankhocho. Zonse ziwiri zimafuna kulengeza kukhothi.
Law & More imalangiza olowa m'malo, oyang'anira nyumba ndi ana osalandira cholowa m'malo m'malo a ku Netherlands, ndi mayiko ena omwe ali ndi malamulo okhudza kulowa m'malo mwawo komanso zomwe kusankha lamulo mu chifuniro kungakwaniritse. Chifukwa gawo lovomerezeka, ufulu wina wovomerezeka ndi mwayi wolandira zinthu zomwe zili m'nyumba popanda kuthandizidwa ndi lamuloli zonse zimachitika nthawi yochepa, chonde titumizireni uthenga msanga osati nthawi ikatha.
