Malamulo a bizinesi yapadziko lonse si malamulo amodzi koma kuphatikiza mgwirizano, lamulo lomwe maguluwo adasankha, khothi kapena bwalo lamilandu lomwe adagwirizana, ndi malamulo ofunikira a mayiko omwe malondawa amakhudza. Pa bizinesi yogwira ntchito kuchokera kapena kulowa mu Netherlands, zida zinayi zimayankha mafunso ambiri: Lamulo la Rome I pa lamulo logwira ntchito pa mapangano, Lamulo la Brussels I bis pa ulamuliro ndi kukakamiza mkati mwa EU, Msonkhano Wogulitsa wa Vienna pa kugulitsa katundu, ndi Msonkhano wa New York pakutsatira milandu ya arbitral. Kupeza malamulo anayiwo bwino pagawo lolemba kumachotsa chiopsezo chachikulu chomwe chimabwera patapita zaka zambiri.
Ndi lamulo liti lomwe limalamulira mgwirizanowu?
Mu EU yankho likuchokera ku lamulo la Rome I, lomwe makhothi aku Dutch amagwiritsa ntchito pa mgwirizano uliwonse womwe watha kuyambira Disembala 2009 kupita mtsogolo, kaya lamulo losankhidwa ndi la dziko lomwe lili membala kapena ayi. Poyambira ndi ufulu wosankha: maguluwo akhoza kusankha lamulo la dziko lililonse, ndipo chisankhocho chikhoza kufotokozedwa bwino kapena kufotokozedwa bwino ndi zomwe zili mu mgwirizano. Gawo lomwe limangonena kuti lamulo la Dutch likugwira ntchito limagwira ntchito ngakhale kuti palibe mbali iliyonse yomwe ndi ya Dutch.
Ngati palibe chosankha chomwe chaperekedwa, lamuloli limapereka lamulo malinga ndi mtundu wa mgwirizano. Pangano logulitsa katundu limayendetsedwa ndi lamulo la dziko lomwe wogulitsa amakhala nthawi zonse, mgwirizano wa ntchito ndi lamulo la dziko la wopereka chithandizo, mgwirizano wogawa ndi lamulo la wogawa, ndi mgwirizano wokhudzana ndi katundu wosasuntha ndi lamulo la dziko lomwe katunduyo ali. Pokhapokha ngati mgwirizanowo uli wogwirizana kwambiri ndi dziko lina ndi pomwe lamulo lina limatenga malo. Zotsatira zake ndi zakuti wogulitsa waku Dutch yemwe salankhula za malamulo olamulira nthawi zambiri amapeza lamulo la ku Dutch likugwira ntchito, ndipo wogula waku Dutch yemwe ali pamalo omwewo nthawi zambiri amapeza lamulo lakunja likugwira ntchito.
Malire awiri pa ufulu wosankha ndi ofunika kwambiri. Mapangano a ogula ndi mapangano a ntchito payekha amakhalabe pansi pa malamulo oteteza omwe ogula kapena wantchito angasangalale nawo motsatira malamulo a dziko lawo, chilichonse chomwe mgwirizanowo ukunena. Ndipo kupitirira malamulo okakamiza a forum, komanso nthawi zina za dziko lomwe ntchito ikuchitika, kumagwira ntchito mosasamala kanthu za lamulo losankhidwa. Lamulo la mabungwe amalonda aku Dutch ndiye chitsanzo chomveka bwino: malamulo a Civil Code pa mgwirizano wa mabungwe amalonda, kuphatikizapo malipiro abwino pakutha ntchito, sangachotsedwe posankha lamulo lakunja komwe wothandizirayo amagwira ntchito ku Netherlands. Chidule chathu cha mgwirizano wa mabungwe motsatira malamulo aku Dutch chimafotokoza zinthu zomwe ziyenera kuchitika.
Zopempha zopanda mgwirizano zimatsatira chida china, lamulo la Rome II Regulation, lomwe lamulo loyenera limakhala la dziko lomwe kuwonongeka kumachitika, ndi malamulo apadera okhudza udindo wa malonda, mpikisano wosalungama, kuphwanya ufulu wa chidziwitso cha katundu ndi kuwonongeka kwa chilengedwe. Gawo la lamulo lolamulira mu mgwirizano silimangophimba mlandu wokhudza mlandu, ndipo gawo lolembedwa bwino likunena kuti limafikira ku zopempha zopanda mgwirizano zomwe zimachokera kapena zokhudzana ndi mgwirizano.
Khoti liti, ndipo chimachitika ndi chiyani ku chigamulocho
Ulamuliro pakati pa mayiko omwe ali mamembala a EU ukulamulidwa ndi Brussels I bis Regulation. Lamulo lalikulu ndilakuti wotsutsidwayo amamangidwa m'boma lomwe lili membala wa nyumba yake, ndi njira zina zopezera mapangano m'malo mokwaniritsa udindowo, womwe wogulitsa katundu ndi malo operekera katundu ndi ntchito zomwe zaperekedwa, komanso madandaulo okhudza milandu pamalo pomwe chochitika choopsacho chinachitika. Kusankha mgwirizano wolembedwa kukhothi kumapambana malamulo awa ndipo kwenikweni ndi kwapadera, ndipo khothi losankhidwa limasankha lokha mphamvu zake pomwe khothi lina lililonse lomwe lagwidwa liyenera kuyimitsa milandu yake.
Chifukwa chomwe lamuloli limafunikira kwambiri pakukakamiza komanso pa ulamuliro wake ndichakuti chigamulo chomwe chaperekedwa m'boma limodzi la mamembala chimagwira ntchito m'boma lina popanda kulengeza kuti chikugwira ntchito. Wobwereketsa waku Dutch yemwe ali ndi chigamulo akhoza kupita mwachindunji kukakakamiza m'boma lina la mamembala atapereka chigamulocho ndi satifiketi; wobwereketsayo angakane pokhapokha pazifukwa zochepa monga kuphwanya malamulo aboma kapena cholakwika pakutumiza chikalata choyambitsa mlanduwo. Pamodzi ndi izi pali European Order for Payment for unresponsible cross border claims ndi European Small Claims Procedure for low value cases, zonse ziwiri zomwe zimapewa njira yachikhalidwe yadziko lonse; nkhani yathu yokhudza milandu yaying'ono ku Netherlands imafotokoza nthawi yomwe nkhaniyi iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito.
Kunja kwa EU, mfundoyi ndi yosiyana ndipo nthawi zambiri imaphonya. Netherlands ilibe pangano lalikulu lokhudza kuvomereza zigamulo zakunja ndi mayiko ambiri omwe si a EU, ndipo chigamulo chakunja sichingagwiritsidwe ntchito pano popanda milandu yatsopano, ngakhale makhothi aku Dutch adzavomereza chigamulo chomwe chikukwaniritsa zomwe zakhazikitsidwa mu malamulo amilandu, makamaka ulamuliro pazifukwa zovomerezeka padziko lonse lapansi, njira yoyenera, kusagwirizana ndi mfundo za anthu komanso kusagwirizana ndi chigamulo cha ku Dutch. Misonkhano iwiri imachepetsa kusiyana. Msonkhano wa Hague Choice of Court umakakamiza makhothi a mayiko omwe agwirizana kuti alemekeze gawo losankhidwa la khothi ndikukakamiza chigamulo chotsatira. Msonkhano wa Hague Judgments wa 2019, womwe ukugwira ntchito ku European Union komanso ku Netherlands kuyambira pa 1 Seputembala 2023, umapereka maziko okulirapo ozindikira ndi kukakamiza pakati pa mayiko omwe alowa nawo. Ndi liti mwa awiriwa lomwe likugwira ntchito, komanso ngati dziko logwirizana nalo lalowa nawo, ndi funso loti liyankhe gawo lisanalembedwe m'malo mopereka chigamulo.
Kugulitsa katundu: Msonkhano wa ku Vienna umagwira ntchito pokhapokha ngati simukuwuchotsa
Msonkhano wa United Nations pa Mapangano Ogulitsa Katundu Padziko Lonse wakhala mbali ya lamulo la ku Netherlands kuyambira mu 1992 ndipo umagwira ntchito yokha pa mapangano ogulitsa katundu pakati pa magulu omwe malo awo ochitira bizinesi ali m'maiko osiyanasiyana ogwirizana, komanso komwe malamulo a malamulo apadziko lonse achinsinsi amatsogolera ku lamulo la dziko logwirizana. Chifukwa chake kusankha lamulo la ku Netherlands kumabweretsa mgwirizano, chifukwa mgwirizano ndi gawo la lamulo la ku Netherlands logulitsa padziko lonse; kupatulapo kumafuna gawo lomveka bwino.
Kupatulapo izi ndi chisankho chamalonda osati kungoganizira chabe. Msonkhanowu umapereka njira yosalowerera ndale yomwe palibe mbali iliyonse yomwe iyenera kuphunzira kuyambira pachiyambi, uli ndi bungwe lopangidwa la milandu yapadziko lonse, ndipo kapangidwe kake kokonzanso ndi kogwira ntchito. Umasiyananso ndi malamulo a dziko la Dutch pa mfundo zofunika. Sili ndi lamulo lolembedwa, limatenga kuphwanya kwakukulu ngati njira yopewera mgwirizano, ndipo limafuna wogula kuti ayang'ane katunduyo mkati mwa nthawi yochepa momwe angathere ndikupereka chidziwitso cha kusatsatira malamulo mkati mwa nthawi yoyenera, ndi malire akunja a zaka ziwiri kuchokera pakupereka. Lamulo logulitsa la dziko la Dutch limagwira ntchito ndi muyezo wosiyana wa madandaulo mkati mwa nthawi yoyenera, ndipo nthawi yokhazikika ya miyezi iwiri imagwira ntchito pogulitsa katundu wosunthika kwa ogula osati pazochitika zamalonda.
Malamulo ndi zikhalidwe zonse ziyenera kuganiziridwa mosiyana chifukwa malamulo aku Dutch ndi malamulo amasiyana. Malinga ndi Civil Code, pempho lomwe limatanthauza malamulo ndi zikhalidwe zosiyanasiyana kuposa zomwe zili mu pempho lomwe limayankha silipanga pangano pa seti yachiwiri pokhapokha ngati seti yoyamba yakanidwa mwachindunji, zomwe zimapatsa seti yoyamba mwayi. Lamuloli nthawi zambiri limagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati njira yomaliza pomwe mawu olumikizidwa ku kulumikizana komaliza ndi omwe amalamulira. M'machitidwe onse awiri, mawuwa ayenera kuti adaperekedwa asanayambe kapena panthawi yogwira ntchito; kutchula mawu omwe amafalitsidwa patsamba lawebusayiti kungakhale kokwanira pakati pa mabizinesi, koma mnzake wakunja ali pamalo olimba kunena kuti mawu omwe sanalandirepo sakukakamiza. Njira yotetezeka kwambiri ikupitilirabe kuphatikiza mawuwo ndi pempholi m'chinenero cha mgwirizano.
Kuweruza milandu kapena makhothi
Pa mapangano ndi mayiko ena omwe ali kunja kwa EU, kuweruza milandu nthawi zambiri kumakhala njira yovomerezeka, chifukwa Msonkhano wa New York umakakamiza makhoti a mayiko oposa zana limodzi ndi makumi asanu ndi awiri kuti azindikire mgwirizano wa kuweruza milandu komanso chigamulo, ndi zifukwa zochepa zokha zokanira. Kuti kukakamiza, osati chinsinsi kapena liwiro, ndiye mfundo yaikulu ya kuweruza milandu mu mgwirizano wapadziko lonse.
Dziko la Netherlands lili ndi malo abwino kwambiri. Lamulo la milandu ya ku Netherlands lalembedwa m'buku lachinayi la Code of Civil Procedure ndipo linasinthidwa kuyambira mu 2015; Netherlands Arbitration Institute imayang'anira milandu motsatira malamulo ake; ndipo The Hague imayang'anira Khoti Losatha la Milandu ya Milandu ya mikangano yokhudzana ndi boma. Chigamulo chomwe chaperekedwa ku Netherlands chikhoza kukakamizidwa pambuyo pa chilolezo kuchokera kwa woweruza woyambirira, ndipo chikhoza kuchotsedwa pambali pokhapokha pazifukwa zomwe zalembedwa mu lamulo, monga kusakhalapo kwa mgwirizano wovomerezeka wa milandu, khoti lopangidwa mophwanya malamulo, khoti lomwe lapitirira zomwe lidalamulidwa, chigamulo chopanda chifukwa kapena kusamvana ndi mfundo za boma.
Palinso njira ya khoti yopangidwira malonda apadziko lonse lapansi. Khoti Lamalonda la ku Netherlands, chipinda cha Amsterdam Khothi lachigawo lomwe lili ndi chipinda chopempha apilo kukhothi la apilo, limamva mikangano yapadziko lonse yamalonda mu Chingerezi potengera mgwirizano wapakati pa magulu awiriwa, limagwiritsa ntchito lamulo lachi Dutch procedure ndipo limapereka chigamulo chomwe chimafalikira ngati chigamulo chachi Dutch motsatira zida zokakamiza zomwe zafotokozedwa pamwambapa. Ndalama zake za khothi ndi zapamwamba kwambiri kuposa za makhothi wamba, ndipo ndikofunikira kuziyerekeza ndi mtengo wa chigamulo musanasankhe. Kuyerekeza pakati pa njira kwafotokozedwa m'nkhani yathu yokhudza kuthetsa mikangano yapadziko lonse lapansi.
Kutsatira malamulo a malonda: malamulo omwe sapezeka mu mgwirizano
Pangano lamalonda likhoza kulembedwa bwino koma lingakhale losaloledwa kuchita. Katundu wotuluka kapena wolowa mu European Union akutsatira Union Customs Code, ndipo gulu, chiyambi ndi mtengo wa katunduyo zimatsimikiza msonkho ndi zofunikira pa zikalata. Zinthu zomwe zingatheke kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito ndi asilikali zimagwera pansi pa lamulo la EU logwiritsa ntchito kawiri ndipo zimafuna chilolezo chotumiza kunja, chomwe ku Netherlands chimaperekedwa ndi oyang'anira misonkho m'malo mwa nduna yoyang'anira, ndipo tanthauzo lake ndi lalikulu kuposa momwe ogulitsa ambiri amayembekezera: mapulogalamu obisa, masensa ena ndi zida zosiyanasiyana zamakina zonse zalembedwa.
Zilango ndiye chiopsezo chachikulu. Malamulo a zilango za EU amagwira ntchito mwachindunji ku Netherlands ndipo amamanga kampani iliyonse yaku Dutch ndi nzika iliyonse ya EU kulikonse komwe ili. Kuphwanya malamulo kumayendetsedwa kudzera mu Sanctions Act 1977 ndipo ndi mlandu wazachuma, zomwe zikutanthauza mlandu waupandu osati wolamulira, ndi kafukufuku wochitidwa ndi bungwe la zanzeru ndi kafukufuku wa zachuma. Maudindowa samangokhala opewa anthu omwe alembedwa: amafikira ku mayeso a umwini ndi ulamuliro, pomwe bungwe limagwidwa pomwe munthu wolembedwayo ali ndi makumi asanu peresenti kapena kuposerapo kapena amalilamulira mwanjira ina, komanso kuletsa kupewera. Chiwerengero cha makumi awiri mphambu asanu peresenti chomwe chimafalikira motere ndi cha kampani yolembetsa ya eni ake yopindulitsa kwambiri ndipo ndi malire osiyana pacholinga china.
Kufufuza koyenera kwa kukhazikika kwa zinthu kukuchitika pa desiki lomwelo. Lamulo la kuwunika koyenera kwa kukhazikika kwa makampani linasinthidwa kwambiri mu 2026: dongosolo logwirizana la milandu ya anthu linachotsedwa pa lamuloli, malire a zilango akhazikitsidwa pa 3 peresenti, mayiko omwe ali mamembala ayenera kulisintha pofika pa 26 Julayi 2028 ndipo maudindowo akugwira ntchito kuyambira pa 26 Julayi 2029. Mpaka nthawi imeneyo lamuloli silipereka maudindo mwachindunji kwa makampani aku Dutch, koma malamulo okhazikika omwe amaperekedwa ndi makasitomala akuluakulu amatero kale, ndipo malamulo amenewo akugwiritsidwa ntchito tsopano.
Kuteteza chuma chosagwirika
Katundu wanzeru ndi wa dziko, ndipo dongosolo lokulitsa dziko lonse lapansi lomwe silichitapo kanthu msanga ndi lokwera mtengo kukonza. Kulembetsa chizindikiro chamalonda cha Benelux kumakhudza Netherlands, Belgium ndi Luxembourg ndipo palibe china chilichonse; chizindikiro chamalonda cha EU chimakhudza msika wonse wamkati koma chimakhala chovuta kupatsidwa ufulu umodzi woyambirira kulikonse komwe uli; ndipo kunja kwa chitetezo cha EU kumadalira mafayilo adziko lonse kapena njira yolembetsera yapadziko lonse yomwe imayendetsedwa ndi World Intellectual Property Organisation. Ma patent amatsatira njira yomweyo, ndi patent yaku Europe ndi patent yokhala ndi mphamvu imodzi kumbali imodzi ndi mafayilo adziko kumbali inayo.
Mfundo ziwiri za mgwirizano zimabwereranso. Ufulu wa zomwe zapangidwa panthawi ya polojekiti uyenera kugawidwa mwachindunji, chifukwa malamulo osasinthika amasiyana pakati pa mayiko ndipo gawo lomwe limagwira ntchito motsatira lamulo la Dutch silingathe kusamutsa chilichonse kunja. Ndipo dziwani momwe silingathe kulembetsedwa limatetezedwa ngati chinsinsi chamalonda pokhapokha ngati njira zoyenera zitatengedwa kuti zisungidwe mwachinsinsi, zomwe zikutanthauza mapangano achinsinsi, zoletsa zolowera ndi njira zotuluka m'malo mwa gawo lokha. Buku lathu lotsogolera ku malamulo azinthu zanzeru ku Netherlands limafotokoza ufulu ndi njira zolembetsera.
Kukhalapo, othandizira ndi ogulitsa
Momwe bizinesi imalowera pamsika zimatsimikiza lamulo lomwe limatsatira. Kampani yachinsinsi yaku Dutch yomwe imachita malonda kunja popanda bungwe imasunga malamulo ake amakampani aku Dutch koma ingapeze misonkho ndi maudindo a ntchito kwina; nthambi iyenera kulembetsedwa m'deralo; kampani yocheperako ndi munthu wovomerezeka payekha wokhala ndi ulamuliro wake komanso udindo wake. Izi zikugwiranso ntchito ku mabizinesi akunja omwe amalowa ku Netherlands, omwe ayenera kulembetsa nthambi kapena kampani yocheperako ku Chamber of Commerce ndikulembetsa eni ake opindulitsa kwambiri mu kaundula waku Dutch.
Ngati choloweracho chili kudzera mwa mkhalapakati, kusankha pakati pa wothandizira ndi wogulitsa kumakhala ndi zotsatira zomwe sizingachotsedwe. Wothandizira wamalonda amakambirana m'dzina la wogulitsa wamkulu ndipo amatetezedwa ndi Malamulo Achikhalidwe, kuphatikizapo nthawi zodziwitsa zomwe zimawonjezeka ndi nthawi ya ubale ndi malipiro abwino akatha pomwe wothandizirayo wabweretsa makasitomala atsopano ndipo wogulitsa wamkulu akupitiliza kupindula. Wogulitsa amagula ndikugulitsanso m'dzina lake ndipo alibe malamulo, koma milandu yaku Dutch imafuna nthawi yodziwitsa yokwanira kuti ubale wogawa uthetsedwe kwa nthawi yayitali, ndipo zomwe zili zoyenera zimadalira nthawi, kudalira kwa wogulitsa ndi ndalama zomwe adayika popempha wogulitsa. Kutha popanda chidziwitso chimenecho kumabweretsa kuwonongeka, ndipo ndalamazo nthawi zambiri zimakhala zazikulu kuposa phindu lomwe lili pachiwopsezo.
Maubwenzi onse awiriwa alinso pansi pa lamulo la mpikisano. Nkhani 101 ya Pangano Lokhudza Kugwira Ntchito kwa European Union ndi Dutch Competition Act imaletsa mapangano oletsa, ndipo kuchotsedwa kwa mapangano okhazikika kumapereka chitetezo chokha mkati mwa mikhalidwe yake. Kusunga mitengo yogulitsanso ndi chitetezo chathunthu cha malo kumakhalabe zoletsa zazikulu, ndipo gawo lamtunduwu ndi lopanda ntchito ndipo lingayambitse kafukufuku ndi Authority for Consumers and Markets.
Deta, ndi malire a zomwe mgwirizano ungakonze
Ntchito iliyonse yapadziko lonse lapansi imasuntha deta yanu, ndipo General Data Protection Regulation imatsatira. Kusamutsa kumayiko omwe ali kunja kwa European Economic Area kumafuna chisankho chokwanira, zigawo zokhazikika za mgwirizano zomwe zimathandizidwa ndi kuwunika kwa zotsatira za kusamutsa, kapena chimodzi mwa zinthu zonyoza, ndipo udindo sungasunthidwe kwa wolandirayo ndi mgwirizano. Pamene wogulitsa akukonza deta m'malo mwanu, mgwirizano wokonza ndi zomwe zili mulamulo ndi wofunikira, ndipo mfundo yokhudza kuyankha mlandu imatanthauza kuti zikalatazo ziyenera kukhalapo bungwe loyang'anira lisanapemphe m'malo mochita izi.
Ndondomeko yogwira ntchito
Yambani ndi mafunso anayi omwe amatsimikizira zina zonse: lamulo liti lomwe limayang'anira mgwirizano, gulu liti lomwe limasankha mkangano, ngati chisankho chomwe chachitika chingagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati mnzawo ali ndi katundu, ndi malamulo ofunikira omwe amagwira ntchito mosasamala kanthu za mayankho. Kusankha khothi m'boma lomwe mnzawoyo alibe kalikonse kuli kotsika mtengo kuposa gawo loweruza milandu lomwe limafika ku akaunti yake yakubanki.
Kenako gwirani ntchito kunja. Sankhani mosamala ngati Msonkhano wa ku Vienna ukugwira ntchito kapena wachotsedwa, ndipo onetsetsani kuti mawu anu onse aphatikizidwa ndipo ali m'chinenero choyenera. Onani makampani ndi katundu motsutsana ndi zilango ndi njira zowongolera kutumiza katundu kunja musanasainire, osati musanatumize. Lembetsani zizindikiro zamalonda zomwe zili zofunika m'misika yomwe ili yofunika, ndikuyika njira yosungira chinsinsi musanayambe msonkhano woyamba waukadaulo. Perekani udindo pa zotsatira za msonkho kwa mlangizi wa misonkho poyamba, chifukwa kapangidwe ka malamulo ndi kapangidwe ka misonkho ziyenera kuganiziridwa pamodzi ndipo gulu la zamalamulo silitenga chisankho chimenecho. Ndipo onaninso mgwirizano womwe wakhazikitsidwa nthawi ndi nthawi: zida zomwe zafotokozedwa pano zimasintha, ndipo chitsanzo cholembedwa zaka zisanu zapitazo chingakhale dzina la dongosolo lomwe lasinthidwa.
MAFUNSO OFUNSIDWA KAWIRIKAWIRI
Ndi mbali ziti zazikulu zamalamulo abizinesi apadziko lonse lapansi?
Kwa bizinesi yogwira ntchito kuchokera ku Netherlands, mfundo zazikulu ndi lamulo lomwe limagwira ntchito pa mgwirizano pansi pa Rome I Regulation, ulamuliro ndi kukakamiza pansi pa Brussels I bis Regulation, Vienna Sales Convention yogulitsa katundu, chigamulo pansi pa New York Convention, ndi kutsatira malamulo amalonda okhudza miyambo, kuwongolera kutumiza kunja ndi zilango.
Kodi mabizinesi angawonetse bwanji kuti akutsatira malamulo apadziko lonse lapansi?
Kuti zitsimikizire kuti zikutsatira, mabizinesi akuyenera kuchita mosamala, kulumikizana ndi alangizi apadera azamalamulo, kudziwa zosintha zamalamulo, ndikupanga njira zogwirizira zomwe zimagwirizana ndi zofunikira zamalamulo pagawo lililonse.
Kodi njira zothanirana ndi mikangano zodziwika bwino m'mabizinesi apadziko lonse ndi ati?
Mu EU, chigamulo cha khothi wamba chimafalikira popanda kulengeza kuti chikugwira ntchito, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti milandu ikhale yothandiza. Kunja kwa chigamulo cha EU nthawi zambiri kumakhala koyenera, chifukwa Msonkhano wa New York umakakamiza makhothi a mayiko oposa zana limodzi mphambu makumi asanu ndi awiri kuti agwiritse ntchito chigamulochi. Khothi la Zamalonda la ku Netherlands limapereka milandu mu Chingerezi pamaso pa Amsterdam makhoti.
Chifukwa chiyani luso la chikhalidwe ndi lofunikira pamalamulo abizinesi apadziko lonse lapansi?
Kudziwa bwino pazikhalidwe ndikofunikira chifukwa kumathandiza mabizinesi kuyang'anira zochitika zovuta pakati pa machitidwe azamalamulo ndi zikhalidwe. Kumvetsetsa miyambo ya kumaloko kungateteze kusamvana ndi kupititsa patsogolo kupambana kwa malonda a mayiko.
Bwanji Law and More zingathandize
Law & More Amalangiza mabizinesi aku Dutch ndi akunja pa mapangano ndi njira zomwe zimagwirira ntchito zamalonda apadziko lonse lapansi: mapangano opereka, kugawa ndi mabungwe, malamulo ndi zikhalidwe, kusankha malamulo ndi zigawo za forum, kuweruza milandu, ndi mafunso okhudzana ndi kutsata malamulo omwe amabwera ndi kuwongolera kutumiza kunja, zilango ndi kusamutsa deta. Timachitapo kanthu pamikangano yodutsa malire pamaso pa makhothi aku Dutch komanso pa kuweruza milandu, ndipo timagwira ntchito ndi loya wakomweko komwe ulamuliro wakunja uyenera kufotokozedwa. Kuti mukambirane za malonda kapena mkangano, funsani Law & More kapena werengani mawu oyamba athu a lamulo la mgwirizano ku Netherlands.
