Lamulo la Ntchito ku Netherlands: Buku Lothandiza kwa Olemba Ntchito ndi Ogwira Ntchito

Kugwira ntchito kapena kuyendetsa bizinesi ku Netherlands kumatanthauza kuthana ndi imodzi mwa njira zotetezera ntchito ku Europe. Malamulo aku Dutch amakhazikitsa mfundo: momwe pangano lingakhazikitsire, zomwe wantchito ali nazo, nthawi yomwe olemba ntchito ayenera kupitiriza kulipira panthawi ya matenda, ndi zomwe ziyenera kuchitika ubale wantchito usanathe. Mapangano a ogwira ntchito pamodzi ( Collectiveieve Arbeidsvereenkomst , CAO) ndi mapangano a munthu aliyense payekhapayekha amatha kumanga pamalo amenewo, koma si malamulo onse omwe amagwira ntchito mofanana, ndipo si kusiyana kulikonse komwe sikuli kopanda ntchito - onani "Momwe malamulo amagwirira ntchito" pansipa.

Bukuli likufotokoza momwe dongosololi lilili panopa, limasiyanitsa bwino ndi malamulo omwe angoperekedwa kapena kuvomerezedwa koma osagwira ntchito, ndipo limaletsa mafunso omwe nthawi zambiri amabuka pamene mbali imodzi si ya ku Dutch. Ndi chidziwitso cha anthu ambiri olemba ntchito ndi antchito, osati upangiri wa zamalamulo pa nkhani inayake.

Mfundo zazikuluzikulu pang'ono

• Momwe malamulowa amagwirizanirana: mgwirizano wa ntchito, CAO iliyonse yogwira ntchito ndi lamulo pamodzi zimakhazikitsa nthawi yogwirira ntchito. Chitetezo chalamulo chambiri ndi chofunikira ndipo sichingachepetsedwe kukhala chovuta cha wantchito, koma malamulo ena amatha kusinthidwa - kuphatikizapo nthawi zina chovuta cha wantchito - ndi CAO, ndipo ena ndi malamulo osasinthika. Sikolondola kuganiza kuti lamulo labwino kwambiri nthawi zonse limagwira ntchito lokha; izi zimadalira gawo lenilenilo. Onani Rijksoverheid pa makontrakitala antchito.
• Kuchotsa ntchito kumafuna chifukwa, ndipo nthawi zambiri, chilolezo choyambirira: olemba ntchito sangangochotsa ntchito. Nthawi zambiri amafunika chifukwa chovomerezeka ndi lamulo komanso chilolezo choyambirira kuchokera ku UWV kapena khoti lachigawo (kantonrechter), malinga ndi zosiyana zomwe zafotokozedwa pansipa (kuvomerezana, nthawi yoyeserera, kuchotsedwa ntchito mwachidule).
• Pangano lothetsa nthawi zambiri limatha kuchotsedwa: wantchito amene wasaina pangano lothetsa nthawi (chidwi kwambiri() akhoza, malinga ndi zomwe zafotokozedwa pansipa, kusiya ntchito mkati mwa masiku khumi ndi anayi popanda kupereka chifukwa.
• Malipiro a odwala amakhala kwa zaka ziwiri, pomwe olemba ntchito ndi antchito onse amakhala ndi udindo wobwezeretsanso anthu m'gulu lawo motsatira Lamulo Lowongolera Alonda a Chipata (Wonyowa verbetering poortwachter).
• Malipiro osinthira (transitievergoeding() nthawi zambiri amafunika kulipira abwana akamaliza mgwirizano, womwe umawerengedwa pa gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a malipiro a mwezi uliwonse pachaka chautumiki, malinga ndi malire okhazikitsidwa ndi lamulo.
• Chigamulo chosapikisana mu mgwirizano wa nthawi yokhazikika sichigwira ntchito pokhapokha ngati wolemba ntchito alemba nkhani yokhudza bizinesi yake, yokhudza udindo umenewo.
• Olemba ntchito omwe ali ndi antchito 50 kapena kuposerapo amakumana ndi maudindo ena, kuphatikizapo chilolezo cha bungwe la ntchito pa njira zolipirira, makonzedwe a nthawi yogwirira ntchito ndi - monga tafotokozera pansipa - mfundo zowunikira malo ogwirira ntchito.

Momwe malamulo amagwirizanirana

Lamulo la ntchito ku Netherlands limagwira ntchito ndi mphamvu zosiyanasiyana. Malamulo ena ali ndi mphamvu ya "magawo atatu mwa anayi": lamulo lokha limatchula zochitika zochepa (nthawi zambiri kudzera mu CAO) zomwe magulu angachokere, ndipo kuchoka kungapite m'malo mwa wantchito kapena motsutsana nalo. Malamulo ena ndi ofunikira kwathunthu ndipo sangaloledwe mbali iliyonse, ndipo ena ndi malo osakhazikika pokhapokha maguluwo atavomerezana mosiyana. Mwachidule izi zikutanthauza kuti CAO, pa nkhani inayake komanso mkati mwa malire omwe lamulo limalola, ikhoza kukhazikitsa nthawi yomwe si yochuluka kuposa lamulo lonse - lamulo la unyolo ndi nthawi yoyeserera ndi zitsanzo zomwe ma CAO ali ndi malo enieni oyendetsera. Blog silingalowe m'malo mwa kuyang'ana CAO yoyenera ndi lamulo lenileni pankhaniyi.

Mapangano a ntchito ndi udindo wodziwitsa

Lamulo la ku Dutch limavomereza mgwirizano wotseguka, mgwirizano wa nthawi yokhazikika, ndi makonzedwe osiyanasiyana osinthika: ntchito ya nthawi yochepa, mapangano oimbira foni ndi osachepera, ndi ntchito ya bungwe. Mgwirizano ungavomerezedwe pakamwa koma umakhalabe womangika, koma motsatira malamulo omwe akukhazikitsa EU Transparent and Predictable Working Conditions Directive, olemba ntchito ayenera kupatsa wantchito tsatanetsatane wolembedwa wa malamulo ofunikira - kuphatikiza udindo wa ntchito ndi ntchito, kuchuluka kwa malipiro ndi malipiro, maola ogwirira ntchito, malo ogwirira ntchito, ufulu wa tchuthi, nthawi zodziwitsa, ndi CAO yoyenera ngati ilipo - nthawi zambiri mkati mwa sabata imodzi ya malamulo ofunikira komanso mkati mwa mwezi umodzi kwa otsalawo. Wolemba ntchito amene walephera kupereka chidziwitsochi, kapena kupereka molakwika, sataya zokha ufulu womwe adaiwala kunena, koma akhoza kuimbidwa mlandu wa kuwonongeka komwe kwachitika ndipo akhoza kukakamizidwa ndi Labour Inspectorate; pamkangano, mipata kapena zolakwika m'malemba nthawi zambiri zimawerengedwa motsutsana ndi olemba ntchito.

Mapangano a nthawi yokhazikika ndi lamulo la unyolo (ketenregeling)

Malinga ndi lamulo lomwe likugwiritsidwa ntchito pano (Nkhani 7:668a ya Dutch Civil Code), mapangano okhazikika otsatizana amasanduka mgwirizano wokhazikika pamene unyolo wapitirira mapangano atatu otsatizana kapena nthawi yonse ya miyezi 36, chilichonse chomwe chimabwera poyamba. Unyolowu umagwira ntchito pa ubale wantchito, osati udindo wantchito, kotero kusintha ntchito pakati pa mapangano sikukuyambitsanso. Kusokonekera kwa miyezi yoposa isanu ndi umodzi pakadali pano kumaswa unyolo; CAO ikhoza kufupikitsa nthawiyi ya ntchito inayake yanyengo, kapena kusintha malire mkati mwa chipinda chomwe lamulo limalola.

Chomwe chikusintha: Eerste Kamer idagwiritsa ntchito Wet meer zekerheid flexwerkers pa 7 Julayi 2026, yomwe imawonjezera nthawi yosokoneza yomwe imadula unyolo kuchoka pa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi mpaka zaka zitatu, pamodzi ndi kusintha kwa dongosolo lokhazikitsidwa pang'onopang'ono kwa ogwira ntchito m'mabungwe. Zambiri mwa zosinthazi zikuyamba kugwira ntchito pa 1 Januwale 2028, ndipo malamulo okhudza kuchitira antchito mofanana mabungwewa akuyamba kale kugwira ntchito kuyambira pa 31 Disembala 2026 ( Rijksoverheid ). Mpaka nthawi imeneyo, lamulo la mapangano atatu/miyezi 36/miyezi isanu ndi umodzi likugwirabe ntchito.

Nthawi zoyeserera (proeftijd)

Nthawi yoyeserera iyenera kuvomerezedwa polemba ntchito isanayambe ndipo iyenera kukhala yofanana kwa onse awiri. Palibe nthawi yoyeserera yomwe ingavomerezedwe mu mgwirizano wa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi kapena kuchepera. Mu mgwirizano wa miyezi yoposa isanu ndi umodzi koma yosakwana zaka ziwiri, nthawi yoyesera ndi mwezi umodzi; mu mgwirizano wokhazikika kapena mgwirizano wa nthawi yokhazikika wa zaka ziwiri kapena kuposerapo, ndi miyezi iwiri. Chigamulo chomwe chimaposa nthawi yoyesera sichigwira ntchito yonse, osati kungochepetsedwa kufika pamlingo waukulu. Mu nthawi yoyeserera yovomerezeka, mbali iliyonse ikhoza kuthetsa mgwirizano nthawi yomweyo popanda kunena chifukwa.

Ntchito yogwira ntchito pa nthawi yoitana, mapangano a maola osagwira ntchito, ndi ntchito ya bungwe

Malinga ndi malamulo omwe adakhazikitsidwa ndi Balanced Labour Market Act (WAB), omwe akugwirabe ntchito pakadali pano:

• Bwana ayenera kupereka chidziwitso cha masiku osachepera anayi asanayambe ntchito yogwira ntchito; ngati ntchito yathetsedwa kapena yasinthidwa mkati mwa nthawi imeneyo, wantchito nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi ufulu wolipidwa maola omwe akonzedwa.
• Kuitanidwa kulikonse nthawi zambiri kumapatsa wantchito ufulu wolandira malipiro osachepera maola atatu, ngakhale atagwira ntchito maola ochepa.
• Ngati mgwirizano wokhudza munthu amene akufuna kugwira ntchito pa nthawi yogwira ntchito watha miyezi khumi ndi iwiri, bwana ayenera, mkati mwa mwezi umodzi kuchokera tsiku limenelo, kupatsa wantchito pangano la maola okhazikika kutengera maola ambiri ogwiritsidwa ntchito pa nthawi yogwira ntchito ya miyezi khumi ndi iwiri yapitayo. Izi si zochitika kamodzi kokha, “pambuyo pa miyezi 12 yeniyeni” — nthawi yeniyeni ndi nthawi yodziwira ntchito zimadalira momwe panganolo layendera, ndipo udindowo umabwereranso malinga ngati ubale wa munthu amene akufuna kugwira ntchito pa nthawi yogwira ntchito ukupitirira miyezi khumi ndi iwiri. Ngati bwana sapereka pangano lokwanira komanso loyenera, wantchito nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi ufulu wolipidwa ngati kuti panganolo laperekedwa kale.

Pempho lina la malamulo loletsa mgwirizano wa maola opanda zero m'malo mwa mgwirizano wa "bandbreedte" (bandwidth) wokhala ndi maola ochepa komanso apamwamba otsimikizika tsopano ladutsa m'zipinda zonse ziwiri ngati gawo la Wet meer zekerheid flexwerkers; likuyembekezeka kugwira ntchito kuyambira pa 1 Januwale 2028 koyambirira, ndi kuchotsedwa ntchito kwa ntchito zachiwiri zomwe zimagwiridwa ndi opuma pantchito, ophunzira ndi ophunzira. Mpaka pomwe liyamba kugwira ntchito, malamulo omwe alipo pano omwe atchulidwa pamwambapa akupitilizabe kugwira ntchito ( Rijksoverheid ).

Ogwira ntchito m'mabungwe nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi ufulu wokhala ndi nthawi yofanana ndi ya antchito a wobwereka ntchito akagwira ntchito kumeneko kwa nthawi yayitali, ndipo mabungwewo amakumana ndi njira yopezera zilolezo - zomwe zafotokozedwa pansi pa "Chomwe chikusintha" pansipa.

Malipiro, maola ogwira ntchito ndi tchuthi

Malipiro ocheperako okhazikika omwe amakhazikitsidwa ndi lamulo amakhazikitsidwa ngati chiwongola dzanja cha ola limodzi kwa antchito azaka 21 kapena kupitirira apo, ndi mitengo yotsika kwa antchito achichepere, ndipo imasinthidwa kawiri pachaka, pa 1 Januwale ndi 1 Julayi. Pofika pa 1 Julayi 2026 ndi €14.99 chiwongola dzanja chonse pa ola limodzi kwa ogwira ntchito azaka 21 kapena kupitirira apo ( Rijksoverheid, mitengo ya malipiro ocheperako 2026 ). Chifukwa chiwerengerochi chimasintha miyezi isanu ndi umodzi iliyonse, chiyenera kufufuzidwanso motsutsana ndi tebulo la Rijksoverheid lomwe lilipo nthawi yomweyo musanasindikize kapena kudalira.

Lamulo la Maola Ogwira Ntchito ( Arbeidstijdenwet ) limaletsa kusintha kwa ntchito kukhala maola khumi ndi awiri ndi sabata kukhala maola makumi asanu ndi limodzi, ndipo avareji ya maola osapitirira makumi asanu ndi asanu pa masabata anayi ndi maola makumi anayi ndi asanu ndi atatu pa masabata khumi ndi asanu ndi limodzi. Nthawi yopuma yochepa imagwiritsidwa ntchito pakati pa kusintha kwa ntchito ndi mkati mwa sabata.

Tchuthi: chovomerezeka ndi lamulo, chowonjezera, ndi kutha ntchito

Chilolezo cha tchuthi chovomerezeka ndi kuwirikiza kanayi nthawi yogwira ntchito pa sabata, yomwe pa sabata ya masiku asanu imakhala masiku makumi awiri pachaka; ma CAO ambiri amawonjezera masiku ena "owonjezera" ( bovenwettelijke ) pamwamba pa masiku ochepa ovomerezedwa ndi lamulo, ndipo mitundu iwiri ya masiku imachitiridwa mosiyana pankhani yomaliza ntchito:

• Masiku a tchuthi olamulidwa nthawi zambiri amatha miyezi isanu ndi umodzi pambuyo pa kutha kwa chaka chomwe adalembedwa ntchito - pokhapokha ngati wantchito sanathe kuwatenga, mwachitsanzo chifukwa cha matenda kapena chifukwa chakuti abwana sanalole wantchitoyo kutenga tchuthi, pomwe nthawi yomaliza ntchitoyo siitha.
• Masiku ena a tchuthi ozikidwa pa CAO amadalira nthawi yokhazikika ya zaka zisanu.

Ndalama zolipirira tchuthi ( vakantiegeld ) ndi zosachepera 8 peresenti ya malipiro onse apachaka ndipo nthawi zambiri amalipidwa mu Meyi kapena Juni.

Kupatula tchuthi, antchito ali ndi mwayi wopeza tchuthi chovomerezeka kuphatikiza tchuthi cha makolo chowirikiza kawiri pa maola ogwirira ntchito pa sabata pa mwana aliyense, mpaka mwana atakwanitsa zaka zisanu ndi zitatu. Masabata asanu ndi anayi oyamba, ngati atengedwa chaka choyamba cha mwana, amalipidwa pa 70 peresenti ya malipiro a tsiku ndi tsiku kudzera mu UWV, mpaka malipiro apamwamba a tsiku ndi tsiku ovomerezedwa ndi lamulo; otsalawo salipidwa koma udindowo umatetezedwa. Olemba ntchito nthawi zambiri amakana pempho la tchuthi pokhapokha ngati kulipereka kungasokoneze bizinesiyo kwambiri.

Matenda, kubwezeretsedwa kwa anthu m'gulu ndi penshoni

Wantchito amene sangathe kugwira ntchito chifukwa cha matenda ali ndi ufulu wopeza malipiro osachepera 70 peresenti kwa zaka ziwiri (masabata 104), ndipo chaka choyamba malipirowo sangagwere pansi pa malipiro ochepa omwe amakhazikitsidwa ndi lamulo. Mabungwe ambiri a CAO amapereka malipiro onse chaka choyamba.

Magulu onse awiriwa ali ndi ntchito motsatira Gatekeeper Improvement Act. M'sabata lachisanu ndi chimodzi dokotala wa kampaniyi amapanga kusanthula kwa vuto. Pofika sabata lachisanu ndi chitatu, bwana ndi wantchito amapanga dongosolo la zochita pamodzi, ndipo amawunikanso momwe zinthu zikuyendera osachepera milungu isanu ndi umodzi iliyonse. M'sabata la makumi anayi ndi iwiri, kusakhalapo kwa ntchito kumanenedwa ku UWV, m'sabata la makumi asanu ndi awiri, kuwunika kwa chaka choyamba kumachitika, ndipo pafupifupi sabata la makumi asanu ndi anayi ndi chimodzi, lipoti lomaliza lowunikira ndi kubwezeretsanso antchito limakonzedwa, lomwe wantchitoyo amagwiritsa ntchito popempha phindu. Pamene UWV itsimikiza kuti bwanayo sanachite khama lokwanira lobwezeretsanso antchito, ikhoza kuwonjezera udindo wopitiliza kulipira malipiro pofika chaka chachitatu (chilango cha malipiro, loonsanctie ); wantchito amene akana ntchito yoyenera akhozanso kulandira chilango.

Pensheni ndi gawo lina la phukusi la ntchito

Penshoni ndi yosavuta kuinyalanyaza koma siiphimbidwa ndi mfundo zomwe zili pamwambapa. Magawo ambiri ali ndi thumba la penshoni lofunikira kwambiri m'mafakitale onse ( verplicht bedrijfstakpensioenfonds ), ndipo ngati munthu akugwiritsa ntchito, olemba ntchito nthawi zambiri sangasankhe kuchoka. Ngakhale popanda thumba la penshoni lofunikira, CAO kapena dongosolo la penshoni la munthu payekha lingafunikebe kutenga nawo mbali. Kulephera kukonza kutenga nawo mbali kwa penshoni komwe lamulo kapena CAO limafunikira kungapangitse olemba ntchito kudandaula kwakukulu kwa zopereka zosalipidwa, nthawi zina kubwerera m'mbuyo zaka zingapo, mosiyana ndi zomwe wantchito angakhale nazo. Aliyense amene ayambitsa bizinesi yatsopano kapena kulemba ntchito ku Netherlands ayenera kuwona zomwe penshoni ikuyenera kukhala chinthu chosiyana, mosiyana ndi malipiro ndi maubwino ena.

Kusankhana, kuchitiridwa nkhanza mofanana komanso kuzunzidwa

Tsankho ndi loletsedwa pazifukwa monga chipembedzo, maganizo andale, mtundu, kugonana, mimba, udindo wa m'banja, chilakolako chogonana, chilema, dziko, zaka, mtundu wa mgwirizano ndi maola ogwira ntchito. Kawirikawiri, mikangano imayamba chifukwa cha:

• Kulemba anthu ntchito ndi kusankha — zotsatsa za ntchito ndi njira zosankhira anthu ntchito zomwe zimachotsa gulu lotetezedwa mwanjira ina zingakhale zosaloledwa ngakhale popanda cholinga chosankha anthu.
• Malipiro ofanana — antchito a nthawi yochepa nthawi zambiri ayenera kulandira malipiro ofanana a ola limodzi, ndalama zolipirira tchuthi komanso mwayi wopeza maphunziro ofanana ndi a ogwira nawo ntchito a nthawi zonse; malipiro osafanana pakati pa amuna ndi akazi omwe amagwira ntchito mofanana ndi oletsedwa padera.
• Mimba ndi kulera ana — kuchotsedwa ntchito kokhudzana ndi mimba kapena kugwiritsa ntchito ufulu wa tchuthi cha makolo nthawi zambiri kumakhala kopanda ntchito, ndipo chitetezo chowonjezera chimagwira ntchito panthawi ya mimba komanso nthawi yobwerera kuchokera ku tchuthi.
• Kulemala — olemba ntchito nthawi zambiri ayenera kusintha moyenera kuti wantchito wolumala agwire ntchitoyo, pokhapokha ngati izi zingapangitse kuti pakhale vuto lalikulu.
• Kuzunzidwa ndi kugonana ndi zina — olemba ntchito ali ndi udindo wosamalira kuti apereke malo otetezeka ogwirira ntchito komanso kukhala ndi mfundo zoyendetsera madandaulo; kuzunzidwa ndi ogwira nawo ntchito, oyang'anira kapena anthu ena kungayambitse mlandu ngati olemba ntchito alephera kuchitapo kanthu.
• Kuzunzidwa — wantchito amene adandaula kuti wasankhidwa ndi munthu chifukwa cha chikhulupiriro chake amatetezedwa padera kuti asabwezeredwe chifukwa chochita zimenezo.

Madandaulo angabweretsedwe ku Netherlands Institute for Human Rights ( College voor de Rechten van de Mens ), yomwe imapereka malingaliro osakakamiza koma amphamvu, kapena ku makhoti a anthu wamba.

Zachinsinsi ndi kuyang'anira kuntchito

Kuyang'anira maimelo a kuntchito, mafoni, kugwiritsa ntchito intaneti, CCTV, kutsatira GPS kwa magalimoto kapena zida, ndi kulumikizana kwina kwa digito ndi gawo lomwe malangizo ambiri amanyalanyaza, koma ndi lofunika kwa olemba ntchito ndi antchito, makamaka padziko lonse lapansi pomwe njira zowunikira zimasiyana kwambiri pakati pa madera.

Kuyang'anira kulikonse kuyenera kutsatira GDPR ( AVG ) ndikugwirizana ndi cholinga chovomerezeka. Khoti Lalikulu la Ufulu Wachibadwidwe ku Ulaya lakhala likuyang'ana mobwerezabwereza za momwe olemba ntchito ayenera kukhalira, poyang'ana zinthu monga ngati wantchitoyo adadziwitsidwa pasadakhale, kukula ndi kulowerera kwa kuyang'anira, ngati pali chifukwa chovomerezeka, ngati pali njira zina zosalowerera, zotsatira za kuyang'anira wantchitoyo, komanso ngati pali chitetezo chokwanira chotsutsana ndi kusokoneza kosafunikira; onani, posachedwapa, Guyvan v. Ukraine (ECHR, 6 Novembala 2025) , pa ndime 36–37, pogwiritsa ntchito malangizo akale a Grand Chamber mu mlandu wa Bărbulescu v. Romania . Ku Netherlands, wolemba ntchito wokhala ndi bungwe la ntchito nthawi zambiri ayenera kupeza chilolezo chake asanakhazikitse kapena kusintha mfundo yowunikira, ndipo mfundo iliyonse yamkati iyenera kulembedwa ndikufotokozedwa pasadakhale m'malo mogwiritsidwa ntchito mwachisawawa.

Kubisa nkhani ndi chinsinsi

Malamulo okhudza chinsinsi akadali ogwiritsidwa ntchito, koma sangagwiritsidwe ntchito kuletsa wantchito kunena zolakwa zake. Ndikofunikira kusiyanitsa njira zingapo zokhudzana ndi chitetezo koma zosiyana:

• Njira zoperekera malipoti amkati: olemba ntchito omwe ali ndi antchito 50 kapena kuposerapo ayenera kukhala ndi njira yamkati yoperekera malipoti a zolakwa zomwe akuganiziridwa kuti akuchita, motsatira lamulo la Whistleblowers Protection Act (Kunyowa bescherming klokkenluiders).
• Chitetezo ku kubwezera: wantchito amene amanena kuti waphwanya lamulo kapena akuopseza anthu onse mwachilungamo nthawi zambiri amatetezedwa kuti asavutike chifukwa chochita zimenezi, kuphatikizapo kuchotsedwa ntchito, kuchotsedwa ntchito kapena kuchitiridwa zinthu zina zoipa.
• Malipoti akunja: kutengera nkhaniyo, lipoti lingaperekedwenso kwa akuluakulu akunja (monga Nyumba ya Olemba Nkhani) kapena, m'mikhalidwe yochepa, kwa anthu onse, popanda kutaya chitetezo - ngakhale kuti zofunikira kuti munthu ayambe wakunja osati wamkati ndizodziwikiratu ndipo zimakhudza zotsatira zake.
• Ufulu wolankhula: Khoti la ku Ulaya la Ufulu wa Anthu lazindikira kuti kudziwitsa anthu za ufulu wa wogwira ntchito kungakhudze ufulu wolankhula wa wolankhula motsatira Nkhani 10 ya Pangano, zomwe zingakhudze momwe udindo wa olemba ntchito ungafikire; onani Buku Lotsogolera la ECHR pa Nkhani 10 ndi Buku la ECHR pa Ufulu Wachibadwidwe.

Olemba ntchito ayenera kulemba mfundo zachinsinsi komanso zosanyoza kuti zisawerengedwe ngati zoletsa lipoti loona mtima, ndipo antchito omwe akuganizira lipotilo ayenera kuyang'ana njira (yamkati, yakunja, kapena ya anthu onse) yomwe ikugwirizana bwino ndi mfundozo asanachitepo kanthu.

Kuthetsa ubale wa ntchito

Bwana sangathetse mgwirizano nthawi iliyonse akafuna. Payenera kukhala chifukwa chovomerezeka ndi lamulo, bwana ayenera kukhala wokhoza kutsimikizira izi, ndipo nthawi zambiri pamafunika chilolezo pasadakhale.

Pali njira zinayi zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito:

Kuchotsedwa ntchito chifukwa cha kulephera kugwira ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali nthawi zambiri kumafuna zaka ziwiri zolephera kugwira ntchito komanso palibe chiyembekezo chenicheni choti munthu adzachira mkati mwa masabata 26 otsatira.

Nthawi zodziwitsira zalamulo ndi lamulo lowirikiza kawiri

Nthawi zodziwitsa zalamulo kwa olemba ntchito zimawonjezeka malinga ndi nthawi ya ntchito: zosakwana zaka 5, mwezi umodzi; zaka 5 mpaka 10, miyezi iwiri; zaka 10 mpaka 15, miyezi itatu; zaka 15 kapena kuposerapo, miyezi inayi. Nthawi yodziwitsa zalamulo kwa wantchito ndi mwezi umodzi. Ngati pangano lawonjezera nthawi yodziwitsa ya wantchito polemba, nthawi yodziwitsa ya wantchito iyenera kukhala yowirikiza kawiri kuposa ya wantchito (Nkhani 7:672(6) ya Dutch Civil Code).

Malipiro osinthira (transitievergoeding)

Wantchito amene pangano lake limathera chifukwa cha zomwe abwana ake akufuna nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi ufulu wolandira malipiro osinthira, owerengedwa pa gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a malipiro a mwezi uliwonse pachaka cha ntchito, malinga ndi zaka zina, ndipo nthawi zambiri amalipidwa kuyambira tsiku loyamba la ntchito - kuphatikizapo, kwenikweni, kuchotsedwa ntchito panthawi yoyesedwa. Siziyenera kulipira ngati wantchitoyo wachita zinthu molakwika. Pofika mu 2026, ndalama zonse zomwe zakhazikitsidwa ndi lamulo ndi €102,000, kapena mpaka malipiro amodzi pachaka pomwe wantchitoyo amalandira ndalama zoposa pamenepo ( Rijksoverheid ); malire awa amasinthidwa chaka chilichonse ndipo ayenera kufufuzidwanso poyerekeza ndi chiwerengero cha Rijksoverheid chomwe chilipo pakadali pano musanachidalire.

Nthawi yowunikira

Wantchito amene wasaina pangano lothetsa mavuto nthawi zambiri amatha kusiya ntchito yake mwa kulemba mkati mwa masiku khumi ndi anayi kuchokera pamene wasaina, popanda kupereka chifukwa. Bwana ayenera kunena ufulu umenewu mu panganolo; ngati sakutero, nthawiyo nthawi zambiri imawonjezeredwa mpaka masiku 21. Popeza zotsatira za phindu la ulova komanso zopempha zina zilizonse zimadalira kwambiri momwe panganolo lalembedwera, ndikofunikira kutsatira upangiri musanasainire, osati pambuyo pake.

Mikangano kuntchito, kuyimira pakati ndi msewu asanachotsedwe ntchito

Mikangano yambiri siiyamba ngati nkhani yochotsa ntchito — imayamba ngati mkangano kuntchito kapena funso lokhudza magwiridwe antchito, ndi momwe gawo loyambiriralo limasamaliridwira limapanga zomwe zimachitika pambuyo pake. Mfundo zingapo zothandiza ndizofunikira kuziganizira mosiyana ndi njira zochotsera ntchito zomwe zili pamwambapa:

• Mkangano si wofanana ndi kusachita bwino. Mkangano pakati pa ogwira nawo ntchito, kapena pakati pa wantchito ndi manejala, ndi wosiyana mwalamulo ndi mlandu womangidwa pa kusachita bwino kwa kapangidwe kake, ndipo nthawi zambiri awiriwa amakangana m'machitidwe.
• Kumva mbali zonse ziwiri n'kofunika. Asanachite chilichonse chovomerezeka, olemba ntchito nthawi zambiri ayenera kupatsa wantchito mwayi weniweni woyankha nkhawa zomwe zaperekedwa - njira yachidule iyi imachepetsa udindo wa abwana pambuyo pake.
• Kupanga fayilo kumatenga nthawi. Chikalata cholembedwa momwe zinthu zimachitikira (ndemanga za magwiridwe antchito, machenjezo olembedwa, zolemba za misonkhano) nthawi zambiri chimakhala chokopa kwambiri khothi kuposa fayilo yokonzedwa mobwerezabwereza akangoganizira kale za kuchotsedwa ntchito.
• Nthawi zambiri pamakhala mkhalapakati, ndipo nthawi zina pamafunika ndi CAO kapena mfundo za kampani, nkhani zisanapite ku khoti lachigawo.
• Lingaliro la katswiri wa UWV (deskundigenoordeel) limapereka lingaliro lodziyimira pawokha — mwachitsanzo ngati wantchito sangathedi kugwira ntchito, kapena ngati khama la olemba ntchito lobwezeretsanso anthu m'gulu lakhala lokwanira — ndipo lingapemphedwe ndi mbali iliyonse nkhani zisanakhale zotsutsana.
• Chidziwitso cha matenda kapena pempho lochotsa ntchito msanga chimakhala ndi chiopsezo. Kulengeza kuti mwadwala msanga pakati pa mkangano, kapena kupita ku fomu yofunsira kuchotsedwa ntchito popanda kuchitapo kanthu pa masitepe omwe ali pamwambapa, kungabweretse mavuto kwa mbali zonse ziwiri ngati khoti pambuyo pake lipeza kuti njira yoyambira sinatsatidwe bwino.

Mapangano oletsa

Chigamulo chosapikisana chiyenera kuvomerezedwa mwa kulemba ndi wantchito wazaka zonse. Mu mgwirizano wokhazikika chimagwira ntchito malinga ngati malo ake, nthawi yake, ndi ntchito zomwe zikukhudza zili zoyenera. Mu mgwirizano wa nthawi yokhazikika sichigwira ntchito pokhapokha ngati bwana alemba, mwa kulemba komanso makamaka udindo umenewo, chidwi cha bizinesi chomwe chimatsimikizira; zifukwa zonse sizingapitirire kufufuzidwa. Khothi likhoza kuyika pambali chigamulocho, kuchepetsa gawo lake, kuchifupikitsa, kapena kupereka malipiro kwa wantchito kwa nthawi yomwe amawaletsa; makhothi nthawi zambiri samapereka chiletso cha chaka chimodzi, ndipo nthawi yayitali nthawi zambiri imafuna udindo wapamwamba wokhala ndi mwayi wopeza zambiri zachinsinsi.

Mabungwe a Ntchito ndi Mapangano Ogwirizana

Bwana yemwe ali ndi bungwe la ntchito ( ondernemingsraad ) nthawi zambiri ayenera kupeza chilolezo chake asanakhazikitse kapena kusintha njira zolipirira, njira zowunikira ntchito, makonzedwe a penshoni, nthawi yogwirira ntchito ndi yopuma, komanso - monga tafotokozera pamwambapa - mfundo zowunikira malo ogwirira ntchito. Bungweli lili ndi ufulu wodziwa zambiri zokhudza njira zolipirira ndipo likhoza kupempha kukhoti lachigawo kuti liletse chisankho chomwe chachitika popanda kufunsa kofunikira.

Anthu osamukira kumayiko ena omwe ali ndi luso lapamwamba komanso omwe ali ndi ulamuliro wa 30%

Miyezo ya malipiro a anthu osamukira kumayiko ena omwe ali ndi luso lapamwamba (odziwa bwino ntchito othawa kwawo)

Olemba ntchito omwe amadziwika kuti ndi othandizira ndi IND, omwe amalemba ntchito anthu omwe si a EU/EEA pansi pa ndondomeko ya osamukira omwe ali ndi luso lapamwamba, ayenera kukwaniritsa malire a malipiro a pamwezi. Mu 2026 yonse, izi ndi ( IND, zofunikira pa malipiro 2026 ):

Ziwerengerozi zimalembedwa chaka chilichonse pa 1 Januwale, kotero ziyenera kufufuzidwanso poyerekeza ndi tebulo la IND lomwe lilipoli chaka chilichonse kupatula chaka cha 2026.

Chigamulo cha 30% (30%-kubwezeretsanso / ndondomeko ya anthu ochokera kunja)

Ndondomeko ya msonkho wa 30% ndi njira yosiyana ndi malire a malipiro osamukira omwe ali pamwambapa, yokhala ndi zofunikira zake ndi zikhalidwe zake za malipiro:

• Mtengo: wa chaka cha 2026, olemba ntchito angalipirebe mpaka 30% ya malipiro onse osalipira msonkho ngati ndalama zolipirira ndalama zakunja kwa dziko. Kuyambira pa 1 Januwale 2027, kutsatira Ndondomeko ya Misonkho ya 2025, mtengo uwu umachepa kufika pa 27% yotsala ya nthawi yonse ya zigamulo zomwe zinayamba mu 2024 kapena pambuyo pake.
• Muyezo wake wa malipiro: malipiro okhomeredwa msonkho otsala pambuyo pa ndalama zopanda msonkho ayenera kukwaniritsa malire osiyana pachaka - a 2026, €46,107 pa gulu lonse, kapena €35,048 kwa antchito osakwana zaka 30 omwe ali ndi digiri ya masters yoyenerera, popanda kufunika kwa malipiro kwa ofufuza a PhD omwe ayamba ntchito atangomaliza maphunziro awo. Malire awa akukwera mu 2027 ndipo amayamba kulembedwa pachaka kuyambira chaka chimenecho.
• Chiyerekezo cha mtunda: wantchito ayenera kukhala ndi mtunda woposa makilomita 150 kuchokera kumalire a dziko la Netherlands kwa miyezi yosachepera 16 mwa 24 asanayambe ntchito ku Netherlands.
• Nthawi yokwanira: zaka 5 (miyezi 60), yochepetsedwa ndi nthawi iliyonse yomwe wantchito adakhala kapena kugwira ntchito ku Netherlands m'zaka 25 zapitazo.
• Tsiku lomaliza lofunsira: pempho logwirizana la olemba ntchito ndi wantchito nthawi zambiri liyenera kuperekedwa mkati mwa miyezi 4 kuchokera tsiku loyamba la ntchito kuti chigamulocho chigwire ntchito mobwerezabwereza mpaka tsiku limenelo; pempho lina limayamba kugwira ntchito kuyambira tsiku lomwe laperekedwa.

Popeza dongosololi likusintha kumapeto kwa chaka cha 2027, chilichonse chomwe chafalitsidwa pafupi ndi tsiku limenelo chiyenera kutsimikizira mtengo ndi malire oyenera ndi Belastingdienst kapena mlangizi wa misonkho m'malo modalira chitsogozo chapadera.

Ntchito zopitilira malire ndi zapadziko lonse lapansi

Pamene ubale wa ntchito uli ndi gawo lapadziko lonse lapansi, kusankha lamulo pa mgwirizano sikokwanira. Malinga ndi malamulo okhudza mgwirizano wa ntchito payekhapayekha, wantchito amatetezedwanso ndi malamulo ofunikira a dzikolo kumene amachita ntchito yake nthawi zonse, ngakhale ngati lamulo lina lasankhidwa. Khoti Loona za Ufulu la European Union lagogomezera kuti malo enieni ogwirira ntchito - osati mawu ovomerezeka a mgwirizano - ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri; onani Mlandu C-384/10, Jan Voogsgeerd v Navimer SA . Mwachidule izi ndizofunikira pa mafunso angapo osiyana omwe nthawi zambiri amaphatikizidwa:

• Lamulo logwira ntchito pa ntchito, lomwe silili lofanana ndi lamulo lomwe lasankhidwa mu mgwirizano.
• Chitetezo cha anthu, chomwe nthawi zambiri chimatsatira malo enieni ogwirira ntchito kapena satifiketi ya A1 yolembedwa ntchito, osati lamulo losankhidwa ndi pangano.
• Malipiro ndi misonkho ya malipiro, zomwe zingachitike ku Netherlands ngakhale kwa olemba ntchito akunja akangogwira ntchito kuno.
• Malamulo opereka ntchito kwa ogwira ntchito (positi), omwe angapangitse kuti antchito omwe atumizidwa kuno kwakanthawi ndi olemba ntchito akunja azikhala ndi nthawi yochepa.
• Zotsatira za kuchotsedwa ntchito kwa munthu m'dziko lina: pomwe chilolezo chokhala m'dzikolo chimadalira ntchito, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ntchitoyo ikhale ndi zotsatirapo zake nthawi yomweyo pa ufulu wokhala m'dzikolo, ndipo funso limenelo liyenera kufufuzidwa musanasainirane mgwirizano, osati pambuyo pake.

Aliyense amene akukonzekera ntchito zopitilira malire, kapena kuzithetsa, ayenera kuziona ngati nkhani zalamulo zosiyana m'malo moganiza kuti kuthetsa nkhani ya malamulo a mgwirizano ndiko kuthetsa zonse.

Zomwe zikusintha: kusintha komwe kwachitika komanso komwe kukuyembekezera kuchitika

Zili zofunika ngati kusintha kuli kale lamulo, kovomerezedwa koma sikunayambe kugwira ntchito, kapena ngati lamuloli likuperekedwa ku nyumba yamalamulo. Kuyambira pa 23 Ogasiti 2026:

Ma flexwerkers a Wet meer zekerheid — omwe adavomerezedwa, ambiri sanagwire ntchito. Eerste Kamer idavomereza lamuloli pa 7 Julayi 2026. Lifupikitsa dongosolo lokhazikitsidwa pang'onopang'ono kwa ogwira ntchito m'mabungwe, limakulitsa nthawi yosokoneza malamulo a unyolo kufika pa zaka zitatu, ndipo cholinga chake ndi kusintha mgwirizano wa maola a zero ndi mgwirizano wa bandwidth wokhala ndi maola ocheperako komanso apamwamba otsimikizika (ndi kuchotsera kwa opuma pantchito, ophunzira ndi ophunzira). Tsiku loyambira ntchito ndi 1 Januware 2028, ngakhale kuti malamulo okhudza kuchitira antchito mofanana kwa mabungwewa akuyamba kugwira ntchito kale, pa 31 Disembala 2026 ( Rijksoverheid ).

Wtta (lamulo lovomerezeka la kugawa ntchito) — lavomerezedwa, pang'onopang'ono. Lamulo la Wet toelating terbeschikkingstelling van arbeidskrachten ladutsa m'mabwalo onse awiri ndipo lamulo lake loyambira ntchito lasindikizidwa (Staatsblad 2026, 159). Zinthu zoyang'anira — monga kaundula wa anthu onse ndi kusankhidwa kwa mabungwe owunikira — ziyamba kugwira ntchito kuyambira pa 1 Julayi 2026, pomwe udindo waukulu wovomerezeka kwa mabungwe, makampani olipira malipiro ndi othandizira ena ogwira ntchito ukugwira ntchito kuyambira pa 1 Januwale 2027, pamodzi ndi chitsimikizo cha ndalama ( waarborgsom ) cha €100,000 (kapena €50,000 kwa omwe alowa kumene oyenerera, omwe adzawonjezeredwa pambuyo pake) ( Staatsblad 2026, 159 ). Lamuloli tsopano latsimikiziridwa ndi ndondomeko yoyambira ntchito yofalitsidwa, osati lingaliro lokha.

Lamulo la EU Pay Transparency Directive — tsiku lomaliza losinthira ntchito laperekedwa; lamulo lokhazikitsa malamulo ku Netherlands likadali lamulo. Mayiko omwe ali mamembala a EU adayenera kusintha lamuloli pofika pa 7 June 2026. Imeneyo ndi nthawi yomaliza yosinthira lamuloli, osati kutsimikizira kuti lamulo lokhazikitsa malamulo ku Netherlands likugwira ntchito. Pofika mu Ogasiti 2026, lamulo lokhazikitsa malamulo ku Netherlands — lomwe likukhudza kuulula malipiro asanayambe kuyankhulana, kuletsa kufunsa za mbiri ya malipiro, maudindo okhudza kusiyana kwa malipiro pakati pa amuna ndi akazi kwa olemba ntchito akuluakulu, komanso kusintha kwa umboni pazopempha za tsankho la malipiro — linangoperekedwa kwa Tweede Kamer (potsatira upangiri wochokera ku Council of State pa 1 Epulo 2026), ndipo akuyembekezeka kuyamba kugwira ntchito pafupifupi 1 Januware 2027. Miyezo yeniyeni yofotokozera malipoti ndi masiku oyamba ofotokozera malipoti angasinthebe panthawi ya mkangano wa nyumba yamalamulo, kotero ziyenera kufufuzidwa motsutsana ndi zomwe zalembedwa m'malo motsutsa izi kapena malangizo ena onse.

Wet DBA ndi ntchito yabodza yodzilemba ntchito — yakhazikitsidwa mwachangu, koma ziyeneretso zake ndi zenizeni. Kuyimitsa malamulo kunatha pa 1 Januwale 2025, ndipo Belastingdienst yayambiranso kukakamiza ntchito yodzilemba ntchito yobisika; kuyambira pa 1 Januwale 2026, kuwunika zilango ( vergrijpboetes ) kwakhala kotheka kachiwiri, ngakhale kuwunika kosatha ( verzuimboetes ) sikunakhazikitsidwe kuyambira 2026 ( Belastingdienst ). Zinthu zingapo zofunika apa. Kaya ubale ndi ntchito yodzilemba ntchito yeniyeni kapena, kwenikweni, ntchito zimadalira momwe ntchitoyo imachitikira, osati pa chizindikiro chomwe pangano limagwiritsa ntchito. Kukakamiza misonkho ndi ziyeneretso za malamulo aboma sizimayenda zokha: kuwunikanso msonkho sikungothetse ngati pangano la ntchito lilipo pazifukwa zonse za malamulo aboma, ndipo zotsatira zake zimatha kusiyana malinga ndi nthawi komanso malinga ndi lamulo (msonkho wa malipiro, zopereka za inshuwaransi ya anthu, ndi momwe ntchito yaboma ingayesedwere padera). Khoti Lalikulu la European Union latsimikiza kuti munthu wodzilemba ntchito payekha akhoza kuonedwa ngati wantchito pomwe udindo wodzilemba ntchito ndi wongopeka chabe ndipo umabisa ubale weniweni wantchito; onani Mlandu C-413/13, FNV Kunsten Informatie en Media v Staat der Nederlanden . Aliyense amene amadalira mgwirizano wa kontrakitala ayenera kuyang'ana momwe ntchitoyo imachitikira, osati kungoyang'ana momwe mgwirizanowo umatchulira.

MAFUNSO OFUNSIDWA KAWIRIKAWIRI

Kulandira uphungu

Zambiri zomwe zimalakwika mu lamulo la ntchito ku Netherlands zimalakwika msanga: gawo losapikisana lomwe lavomerezedwa popanda chifukwa cholembedwa chofunikira, gawo loti munthu abwererenso kuntchito lomwe silinachitike mlungu wachisanu ndi chitatu, mfundo yowunikira yomwe idakhazikitsidwa popanda kufunsa bungwe la ntchito, kapena mgwirizano wogwirizana womwe udasainidwa munthu aliyense asanaganize zomwe umachita pa chilolezo chokhala kapena phindu la ulova. Gulu lathu la malamulo a ntchito limalangiza olemba ntchito ndi antchito pa mapangano, kuchotsedwa ntchito, kubwereranso kuntchito, mapangano oletsa, ndi ntchito yodutsa malire, ndipo limagwira ntchito mu Chidatchi ndi Chingerezi pakati pa zilankhulo zina.

Nkhaniyi ikupereka zambiri ndipo si uphungu wa zamalamulo. Lamulo la ntchito ku Netherlands likhoza kusintha, ndipo kugwiritsa ntchito lamuloli kumadalira mfundo za mlandu uliwonse. Uphungu wa akatswiri uyenera kupezeka musanachitepo kanthu.

Bukuli likuwonetsa lamuloli kuyambira pa 23 Ogasiti 2026. Malipiro ochepa, malire a malipiro osinthira, malire a malipiro a anthu osamukira kumayiko ena omwe ali ndi luso lapamwamba komanso momwe malamulo omwe akuyembekezeredwa amakhalira amasintha nthawi zonse; magwero ovomerezeka omwe ali pamwambapa akupereka lingaliro tsiku lomwe mwawerenga izi.

Kuwerenga kogwirizana

• Mapangano owonjezera: chitsogozo chothandiza
• Nthawi yoyeserera ndi kuchotsedwa ntchito
• Chiganizo chosapempha chinafotokozedwa

Malamulo Ofunika Kwambiri Okhudza Ntchito ku Netherlands

Lamulo la ntchito ku Netherlands lili ndi mawu ambiri omwe alibe mawu ofanana ndi Chingerezi, ndipo kuwamasulira mosasamala ndi momwe kusamvana kumayambira. Awa ndi omwe amapezeka nthawi zambiri m'machitidwe.

• Arbeidsovereenkomst — pangano la ntchito. Ntchito, malipiro ndi ubale wa ulamuliro pamodzi zimapanga chimodzi, chilichonse chomwe maguluwo amachitcha chikalatacho.
• Ketenregeling — lamulo la unyolo. Pambuyo pa mapangano atatu okhazikika, kapena zaka zoposa zitatu, wotsatira umakhala wokhazikika mwa kugwira ntchito kwa lamulo.
• Proeftijd — nthawi yoyeserera. Imagwira ntchito polemba kokha, osati konse mu mgwirizano wa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi kapena yocheperapo.
• Cao — mgwirizano wa ogwira ntchito pamodzi. Ukhoza kusintha pamlingo wocheperako womwe unakhazikitsidwa ndi malamulo ndipo, pazifukwa zina, umachokapo.
• Ondernemingsraad — bungwe la ntchito, lokhala ndi ufulu wokambirana ndi kuvomereza pakukonzanso ndi mfundo zopezera antchito.
• Kumvera nthawi imodzi — gawo losapikisana. Mwa kulemba, ndi wantchito wamkulu, komanso mu mgwirizano wa nthawi yokhazikika pokhapokha ngati pali zifukwa zolembedwa za chidwi cha bizinesi.
• Kugwirizana — gawo la ubale, loletsa kulumikizana ndi makasitomala m'malo mongolemba ntchito.
• Nevenwerkzaamheden — zochita zina. Kuletsa ntchito konsekonse sikuloledwanso; olemba ntchito amafunika zifukwa zomveka bwino.
• Kugona kwa ophunzira — gawo la ndalama zophunzirira. Ntchito yophunzitsa yomwe olemba ntchito ali ndi udindo wopereka siigwira ntchito.
• Opzegtermijn — nthawi yodziwitsa, mwezi umodzi mpaka inayi malinga ndi lamulo kutengera nthawi ya utumiki.
• Ontslag op staande voet — Kuchotsa mlandu mwachangu, nthawi yomweyo, kokha chifukwa cha vuto ladzidzidzi lomwe laperekedwa nthawi yomweyo.
• Kumangirira — kuthetsedwa kwa mgwirizano ndi khoti lachigawo chaching'ono, njira ya zifukwa zina zonse kupatula zifukwa zachuma ndi matenda a nthawi yayitali.
• UWV — bungwe la inshuwaransi ya antchito, lomwe chilolezo chake chikufunika kuti munthu achotsedwe ntchito pazifukwa zachuma kapena atadwala kwa nthawi yayitali.
• Afspiegelingsbeginsel — mfundo yowunikira yomwe imasankha amene amasankhidwa mu ntchito yochotsedwa ntchito, yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pa gulu lililonse la ntchito zosinthika m'magulu asanu azaka.
• Herplaatsingsplicht — udindo wofufuza ngati pali ntchito ina yoyenera ikupezeka asanachotsedwe ntchito.
• Transitievergoeding — malipiro olembedwa mwalamulo a kuchotsedwa ntchito, omwe amalipidwa kuyambira tsiku loyamba la ntchito pamene abwana akuyamba ntchito.
• Billijke vergoeding — malipiro oyenera kuwonjezera pa malipiro ovomerezedwa ndi lamulo, omwe amaperekedwa pamene olemba ntchito achita zinthu moyenerera.
• Vaststellingsovereenkomst — mgwirizano wothetsa mgwirizanowu pogwirizana, wokhala ndi nthawi yoganizira (nthawi yoganizira) ya masabata awiri.
• Loondoorbetaling bij ziekte — udindo wopitiliza kulipira wantchito wodwala, makamaka kwa zaka ziwiri.
• Wonyowa verbetering poortwachter — dongosolo lobwezeretsa anthu m'gulu lomwe limafotokoza zomwe olemba ntchito ndi antchito ayenera kuchita m'zaka ziwiri zimenezo.
• WW-uitkering — phindu la kusowa ntchito, lomwe mawu a mgwirizano wothetsera mavuto angaike pachiwopsezo.
• Oproepovereeenkomst ndi nulurencontract — mapangano a pa-call ndi a maola opanda, okhala ndi malamulo pa chidziwitso cha kuyitana ndi chopereka chokhazikika cha maola okhazikika.
• Uitzendovereeenkomst ndi malipiro — ntchito za bungwe ndi mapulani a malipiro, chilichonse chili ndi udindo wake malinga ndi lamulo.