Glossary ya malamulo

Buku lofotokozera mawuli likufotokoza mawu omwe amapezeka nthawi zambiri m'machitidwe azamalamulo aku Dutch. Nkhani iliyonse imafotokoza mwachidule, maziko a malamulo, momwe lamuloli limagwirira ntchito komanso komwe zinthu nthawi zambiri zimasokonekera. Nkhanizi zimalembedwa kwa makasitomala ndi alangizi awo, osati akatswiri, ndipo mawu aliwonse amapezekanso m'Chidatchi patsamba lathu la Chidatchi.

Chidulechi chikufotokoza madera khumi ogwirira ntchito omwe ali ndi mawu makumi awiri aliwonse: lamulo la makampani, lamulo la ntchito, lamulo la mabanja, lamulo la anthu wamba, lamulo la osamukira kudziko lina, lamulo la mphamvu, lamulo la malo ogulitsa nyumba, lamulo la milandu, lamulo la IT ndi lamulo loyang'anira.

Malamulo a kampani

Onaninso tsamba lathu lonena za malamulo a makampani.

Actio Pauliana — Actio pauliana imalola trustee kapena wobwereketsa kuthetsa zochita zaufulu zomwe zinkasokoneza bungwe lonse la obwereketsa.
Maakaunti apachaka ndi kufalitsa — BV iyenera kukonzekera, kugwiritsa ntchito ndikulemba maakaunti apachaka ku kaundula wamalonda; kulembetsa mochedwa milandu yokhudza owongolera omwe ali ndi vuto la kulephera kulipira ngongole.
Zolemba za mgwirizano (lamulo) — Chikalata chovomerezeka cha kampani ya ku Netherlands, cholembedwa ndi chikalata cha notarial, chomwe chimafotokoza dzina lake, mpando, zinthu zake ndi bungwe lake.
Mgwirizano wa katundu — Mu mgwirizano wa katundu, katundu ndi ma mangawa a bizinesiyo amasamutsidwa m'malo mwa magawo a kampaniyo.
bankirapuse — Kulephera kulipira ngongole ndi kubweza ngongole kwa munthu amene wangongole wasiya kulipira, komwe kwalengezedwa ndi khoti la chigawo popempha kuti alandire ngongoleyo.
Mgwirizano wa bungwe la zamalonda — Wothandizira malonda amakambirana za mapangano a munthu amene akumugulitsa ndipo ali ndi ufulu wolandira chipukuta misozi pamene kampaniyo itha.
Kusemphana kwa chidwi (tegenstrijdig belang) — Wotsogolera yemwe ali ndi chidwi chotsutsana sangalowe nawo mu zokambirana kapena chisankhocho, ngati angavutike.
Malisiti a magawo — Ma risiti osungira ndalama amalekanitsa ulamuliro wovota ndi wachuma: bungwe limagwira magawo ndipo limapereka ma risiti kwa opindula.
Udindo wa Dayilekita (bestuurdersaansprakelijkheid) — Udindo wa director pa kampani, chuma chomwe chili mu bankirapuse kapena anthu ena, zomwe zimafuna kuti munthu anene kuti ndi wolakwa kwambiri.
Kusungunuka ndi kutsekedwa (ontbinding en vereffening) — Kutha kwa bungwe lalamulo la ku Netherlands: chigamulo chothetsa, kutsatiridwa ndi kuthetsa katundu ndi kugawa ndalama zilizonse zotsala.
Kugawa magawo — BV ikhoza kugawa gawo la phindu pokhapokha bungwe litatsimikizira, kudzera mu mayeso ogawa, kuti ikhoza kupitiriza kulipira ngongole zake.
Kokani ndi kuyika chizindikiro — Kokani pamodzi kumakakamiza eni masheya ochepa kugulitsa limodzi ndi ambiri; tag pamodzi imawapatsa ufulu wolowa nawo pazifukwa zomwezo.
Kuchita khama (boekenonderzoek) — Kafukufuku wa wogula mwiniwake wa kampani yomwe akufuna kugulitsa zinthu asanayambe kugulitsa, komanso udindo wotsutsana ndi udindo wa wogulitsa woulula.
Pezani ndalama — Ndalama zomwe munthu amapeza ndi gawo la mtengo wogulira womwe umalipidwa pokhapokha mutamaliza, ndalama zake zimatengera zotsatira zomwe bizinesiyo yapeza.
Mgwirizano wa chilolezo — Lamulo la Dutch Franchise Act limapereka malamulo okhwima pa chidziwitso cha mgwirizano, kusintha kwa fomula ndi zigawo zosapikisana pambuyo pa nthawi.
General meeting of shareholders (algemene vergadering) — Bungwe limene eni masheya amagwiritsa ntchito ufulu wawo; limagwiritsa ntchito maakaunti apachaka, limasankha ndi kuchotsa owongolera ndikusankha magawo.
Mgwirizano wadziko lonse (vof) — Vof ndi mgwirizano wopanda umunthu wovomerezeka mwalamulo pomwe aliyense wa ogwirizanawo ali ndi udindo wogwirizana komanso payekhapayekha pa ngongole zake.
Zochitika za kafukufuku (Chipinda cha Makampani) — Milandu yofufuza pamaso pa Bungwe la Makampani imalola kufufuza mfundo za kampani, ndipo njira zodziwikiratu zikupezeka nthawi yomweyo.
Kuphatikizana mwalamulo ndi kulekanitsa — Pa mgwirizano wovomerezeka kapena kuchotsera katundu ndi ngongole zimadutsa kudzera mu mgwirizano wadziko lonse, popanda kusamutsa chinthu chilichonse payekha.
Lamulo la Kuyang'anira ndi Kuyang'anira Mabungwe Alamulo — Kuyambira pa 1 Julayi 2021, lamuloli limagwirizanitsa malamulo okhudza kayendetsedwe ndi kuyang'anira mabungwe ndi mabungwe ndi malamulo a BV ndi NV.
Kampani ya Private Limited (besloten vennootschap, BV) — Fomu ya kampani ya ku Dutch: bungwe lovomerezeka lomwe lili ndi magawo omwe sangasamutsidwe mwaulere, lophatikizidwa ndi chikalata cha notarial popanda ndalama zochepa.
Gawani kusamutsa — Kusamutsa magawo mu Dutch BV kuyenera kuchitika ndi chikalata cha notarial; popanda ichi magawo sadzadutsa, ngakhale mtengo utalipidwa.
Mgwirizano wa ma Shareholders (aandeelhoudersovereenkomst) — Pangano pakati pa eni masheya lomwe limayang'anira ulamuliro, kusamutsa magawo, kutuluka ndi kulephera, pamodzi ndi zolemba za mgwirizano.
Bungwe loyang'anira — Bungwe loyang'anira limayang'anira bungwe loyang'anira kampani ndikulilangiza, ndi maudindo ndi udindo wake wovomerezeka ndi lamulo.
Kaundula wa malonda (handelsregister, KVK) — Kaundula wa anthu onse wa mabizinesi aku Dutch omwe amasungidwa ndi Chamber of Commerce, omwe zomwe zili mkati mwake zitha kudalira anthu ena.
Kusungunuka kwa Turbo (turboliquidatie) — Kuthetsa kampani yopanda katundu, komwe bungwe liyenera kupereka zikalata zowerengera ndalama ndikudziwitsa omwe ali ndi ngongole zodziwika.
UBO Register — Kaundula wa UBO umalemba eni ake opindulitsa kwambiri a mabungwe ovomerezeka; kulembetsa ndi kofunikira ndipo mwayi wopezeka kwa anthu onse unathetsedwa mu 2022.
Ndondomeko yokonzanso zinthu ya WHOA — Bungwe la WHOA limalola bizinesi kukhazikitsa dongosolo lokonzanso ngongole kwa omwe ali ndi ngongole omwe sali m'gulu la bankirapuse, zomwe zatsimikiziridwa ndi khoti.

Lamulo la ntchito

Onaninso tsamba lathu lonena za lamulo la ntchito ku Netherlands.

Lamulo la unyolo wa mapangano a nthawi yokhazikika (ketenregeling) — Lamulo lakuti mapangano otsatizana a nthawi yokhazikika amasanduka mgwirizano wa nthawi yosatha pambuyo pa mapangano atatu kapena miyezi makumi atatu ndi isanu ndi umodzi.
Mgwirizano wa ogwira ntchito pamodzi (CAO) — CAO ndi mgwirizano wapagulu pakati pa olemba ntchito ndi mabungwe ogwira ntchito pankhani ya ntchito, womwe umachotsa ziganizo zotsutsana payokha.
Kuchuluka kwa ogwira ntchito m'mabungwe (WMCO) — Bwana amene akuchotsa antchito makumi awiri kapena kuposerapo m'dera limodzi mkati mwa miyezi itatu ayenera kudziwitsa UWV ndikufunsana ndi mabungwe a ogwira ntchito.
Udindo wa olemba ntchito pa ngozi kuntchito — Wolemba ntchito ali ndi udindo pa kutayika komwe wantchito akukumana nako kuntchito pokhapokha ngati atsimikizira kuti wakwaniritsa udindo wake wonse wosamalira mwalamulo.
Malipiro abwino (billijke vergoeding) — Malipiro owonjezera amaperekedwa kuwonjezera pa malipiro osinthira pamene olemba ntchito achita zinthu moyenerera.
Kudzilemba ntchito zabodza — Kudzilemba ntchito yabodza kumachitika pamene kontrakitala amadzilemba ntchito koma kwenikweni amagwira ntchito motsogozedwa ndi ulamuliro, kotero kuti pali mgwirizano wa ntchito.
Mgwirizano wanthawi yayitali — Pangano la nthawi yokhazikika limatha ndi ntchito ya lamulo pa tsiku lomwe lavomerezedwa, ndi udindo wolembedwa wodziwitsa mwezi umodzi tsikulo lisanafike.
Lamulo Lowongolera Alonda a Chipata — Gatekeeper Improvement Act imafotokoza njira zobwezeretsera anthu m'gulu la olemba ntchito ndi antchito zomwe ayenera kuchita pazaka ziwiri zoyambirira za matenda.
Ufulu wa tchuthi — Tchuthi chalamulo chimatha miyezi isanu ndi umodzi pambuyo pa chaka chomwe chinakula; tchuthi cha pangano chimatha pokhapokha patatha zaka zisanu.
Chigamulo chosapikisana (mogwirizana) — Chiletso cha mgwirizano pakugwira ntchito kwa mpikisano pambuyo poti mgwirizano utha; chiyenera kukhala cholembedwa ndipo, ngati cha kanthawi kochepa, chikhale ndi chifukwa.
Chigamulo chosapempha (relatiebeding) — Gawo loletsa wantchito wochoka kuti asafikire makasitomala a bwana wake; gawo locheperako la gawo losapikisana.
Nthawi yodziwitsira (opzegtermijn) — Nthawi yoti itsatidwe pakuchotsedwa ntchito: mwezi umodzi kwa wantchito ndi mwezi umodzi mpaka inayi kwa olemba ntchito, malinga ndi nthawi ya utumiki.
Pangano loyimbira foni — Pansi pa mgwirizano wa nthawi yogwira ntchito, maola sali okhazikika; olemba ntchito ayenera kupereka chidziwitso cha masiku anayi ndipo patatha miyezi khumi ndi iwiri apereke chiwerengero chokhazikika cha maola.
Tchuthi cha makolo ndi chobadwira — Makolo ali ndi ufulu wolandira tchuthi chobadwira, tchuthi chowonjezera chobadwira ndi masabata makumi awiri mphambu asanu ndi limodzi a tchuthi chobadwira, asanu ndi anayi mwa iwo amalipidwa pang'ono.
Kulipira — Polemba malipiro, wantchito amagwira ntchito mwalamulo ndi kampani yolipira malipiro koma amagwira ntchito kwa kasitomala yekha, ali ndi ufulu wokhala ndi nthawi yofanana ndi ya antchito ake.
Nthawi yoyeserera (proeftijd) — Nthawi yochepa yoyambirira yomwe mbali iliyonse ikhoza kuthetsa ntchito nthawi yomweyo; yogwira ntchito polemba kokha komanso pa mapangano opitilira miyezi isanu ndi umodzi.
Kuletsa kuchotsedwa ntchito panthawi ya matenda — Pa zaka ziwiri zoyambirira za matenda, olemba ntchito sangadziwitse, pokhapokha ngati pali zinthu zochepa zomwe malamulo amalola.
Chigwirizano chokhazikika (vaststellingsovereenkomst) — Pangano lolembedwa lomwe olemba ntchito ndi wantchito amathetsa ntchito mwa mgwirizano, malinga ndi nthawi yokhazikika ya milungu iwiri yovomerezeka ndi lamulo.
Udindo wa malipiro a odwala — Pa nthawi ya matenda, olemba ntchito ayenera kupitiriza kulipira osachepera 70 peresenti ya malipiro kwa zaka ziwiri, ndipo malipiro ocheperako amakhala ngati gawo la malipiro m'chaka choyamba.
Gawo la ndalama zophunzirira — Kuyambira mu 2022, mtengo wa maphunziro okakamiza sungabwezedwe kwa wantchito; maphunziro ena akutsatira malamulo okhwima.
Kuchotsedwa ntchito mwachidule (ontslag op staande voet) — Kuchotsedwa ntchito nthawi yomweyo pazifukwa zadzidzidzi, kumagwira ntchito pokhapokha ngati kuchotsedwa ntchito kwaperekedwa popanda kuchedwa ndipo chifukwa chanenedwa nthawi yomweyo.
Kuthetsedwa kwa mlandu ndi khoti lachigawo chaching'ono — Kuchotsedwa ntchito ndi khoti lachigawo chaching'ono ndiyo njira yochotsera munthu pazifukwa zaumwini, pazifukwa zina zomwe zalembedwa mu Civil Code.
Kusamutsa bizinesi — Pakusamutsa ntchito, antchito amatumiza okha kwa wosamutsidwayo, kusunga malamulo ndi zikhalidwe zawo zonse zomwe zilipo.
Malipiro osinthira (transitievergoeding) — Kuchotsedwa ntchito komwe wantchito amalipidwa ndi lamulo pamene bwana amasiya ntchito: gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a malipiro a mwezi uliwonse pachaka chautumiki, kuyambira tsiku loyamba.
Chiganizo chosiyana cha mbali imodzi — Chigamulo chosiyana cha munthu mmodzi chimalola olemba ntchito kusintha nthawi yogwirira ntchito, koma pokhapokha ngati chiwongola dzanja chachikulu chikuposa cha wantchito.
Njira yochotsera UWV — Njira yochotsera ntchito pazifukwa za bizinesi kapena zachuma kapena patatha zaka ziwiri mukudwala, komwe UWV iyenera kupereka chilolezo kaye.
Phindu la WIA la olumala — Pambuyo pa zaka ziwiri za matenda, UWV imayesa ufulu wolandira thandizo la olumala; malire ake ndi kutayika kwa 35 peresenti ya mphamvu yopezera ndalama.
Bungwe la Works — Bungwe la ntchito ndi lokakamizidwa ndi antchito makumi asanu ndipo lili ndi ufulu wopereka uphungu pa zisankho za bungwe ndi ufulu wovomerezana pa makonzedwe a anthu.

Lamulo lakusamukira kumayiko ena

Onaninso tsamba lathu lonena za malamulo okhudza anthu olowa m'dziko.

Chilolezo chokhala m'malo obisalamo — Chilolezo chokhala m'dziko losatha chimaperekedwa kwa iwo omwe akufunika chitetezo; chimagwira ntchito kwa zaka zisanu ndipo chili ndi malamulo akeake.
Nyumba ya Chavez-Vilchez kumanja — Kholo la mwana wa ku Netherlands lingakhale ndi nyumba yobadwira kumene mwanayo akanakakamizidwa kuchoka ku Union konse.
Kuphatikizana kwa nzika — Oyamba kumene omwe ali ndi zofunikira zogwirizanitsa ayenera kupasa mayeso mkati mwa zaka zitatu, ndipo boma liziwongolera.
Ndondomeko ya ku Dublin — Lamulo la Dublin limasankha kuti ndi dziko liti lomwe limafufuza pempho la chitetezo; ngati limenelo ndi dziko lina, kusamutsidwako kumachitika popanda chisankho pa zomwe zili mu chikalatacho.
Kuletsa kulowa (inreisverbod) — Chigamulo choletsa mzika yakunja kulowa m'dziko la Netherlands ndi dera la Schengen kwa nthawi yoikika, nthawi zambiri chimaperekedwa pamodzi ndi udindo wochoka.
EU Blue Card (European blauwe kaart) — Chilolezo cha EU chonse chogwira ntchito yoyenerera kwambiri, chomwe chimafuna digiri ya maphunziro apamwamba ndi malipiro, komanso ufulu woyenda m'maiko ena omwe ali mamembala.
Kulumikizananso kwabanja (gezinshereniging) — Kuloledwa kwa mnzanu kapena mwana kuti alowe nawo muutumiki wokhala ku Netherlands, malinga ndi ndalama zomwe amapeza komanso malo okhala.
Kugwirizananso kwa mabanja kwa othawa kwawo (nareis) — Nareis ndi mgwirizano wa mabanja kwa achibale a munthu amene ali ndi udindo wothawirako, pazifukwa zopepuka ngati atapempha mkati mwa miyezi itatu.
Wosamukira waluso kwambiri (kennismigrant) — Wantchito wakunja adaloledwa kugwira ntchito potengera malipiro ake osati mayeso a msika wa ntchito, akugwira ntchito kwa wothandizira wodziwika.
Malo okhala anthu osowa thandizo — Chilolezo chokhala m'dziko la anthu chingaperekedwe pazifukwa zomveka, pazifukwa zachipatala kapena pambuyo pa nkhanza zapakhomo kunyumba.
Kutsekeredwa m'ndende — Kutsekeredwa m'ndende ndi kulandidwa ufulu ndi cholinga chochotsa munthu m'dzikolo; kumaloledwa kokha ngati njira yosalowerera ndale sikokwanira.
Naturalization (naturalisatie) — Kulandira unzika ndi kupeza unzika wa ku Netherlands polemba fomu yopempha kuti munthu akhale mdzikolo mwalamulo komanso mayeso oti alowe m'dzikolo.
Kutsutsa ndi apilo pa milandu yokhudza kusamukira kudziko lina — Zisankho zachizolowezi za IND zimatsutsidwa ndi kutsutsa, zisankho za ambulansi ndi apilo mwachindunji, ndi nthawi yochepa yomaliza ndipo nthawi zambiri sizimayimitsa.
Chaka chophunzitsira (zoekjaar) — Chilolezo chokhala chaka chimodzi chololeza omaliza maphunziro ndi ofufuza kumene kufunafuna ntchito kuno, ndi mwayi wopeza ntchito kwaulere.
Chilolezo chokhazikika — Pambuyo pa zaka zisanu zokhala mdziko mwalamulo, chilolezo chokhazikika chikhoza kupemphedwa, malinga ndi zofunikira pakuphatikizana ndi ndalama.
Chilolezo chokhalamo kwakanthawi (mvv) — Visa yolowera imafunika munthu asanakhalepo masiku opitilira makumi asanu ndi anayi, nthawi zambiri imapemphedwa pamodzi ndi chilolezo chokhala m'dzikolo mu njira imodzi yophatikizana.
Wothandizira wodziwika (woyimira wovomerezeka) — Olemba ntchito kapena bungwe lomwe lili mu kaundula wa IND, lomwe lingapemphe zilolezo motsatira njira yachangu ndipo limagwira ntchito zosamalira.
Chilolezo chokhalamo (verblijfsvergunning regulier) — Chilolezo cholola nzika yosakhala ya EU kukhala ku Netherlands pa cholinga chodziwika bwino, choperekedwa kwa nthawi yoikika komanso chobwezerezedwanso.
Ufulu wokhala nzika za EU — Nzika za mgwirizano wa mayiko zili ndi ufulu wokhala ku Netherlands; patatha zaka zisanu ufulu wokhala wokhazikika umabuka.
Chisankho chobwezera — Chigamulo chobwerera chimafuna kuti nzika yakunja yopanda kukhala mdzikolo mwalamulo ituluke ku Netherlands, nthawi zambiri mkati mwa milungu inayi.
Visa ya Schengen — Visa ya Schengen imalola kukhala masiku makumi asanu ndi anayi mkati mwa nthawi iliyonse ya masiku zana limodzi mphambu makumi asanu ndi atatu kulikonse m'dera la Schengen.
Chilolezo chimodzi (GVVA) — Chilolezo chimodzi chophatikiza kukhala ndi kugwira ntchito kunja kwa njira yosamukira anthu odziwa bwino ntchito, choperekedwa pambuyo pa mayeso a msika wa ntchito.
Visa yoyambira — Chilolezo choyambitsa bizinesi chimapatsa munthu wamalonda chaka chimodzi kuti amange bizinesi yatsopano ndi chitsogozo chochokera kwa wotsogolera wodziwika.
Chilolezo chokhalamo cha ophunzira — Chilolezo cha wophunzira chimapemphedwa ndi bungwe la maphunziro ngati wothandizira wodziwika; wophunzirayo ayenera kupita patsogolo mokwanira pamaphunziro.
Kuchotsa chilolezo chokhala m'nyumba — Chilolezo chokhala m'dziko lino chikhoza kuchotsedwa chifukwa cha chidziwitso cholakwika, chifukwa chosakwaniritsa zofunikira, kapena chifukwa cha malamulo aboma.
Chilolezo Chogwira Ntchito (TWV) — Chilolezo chogwira ntchito chikufunika kuti munthu alembe ntchito mlendo wakunja wopanda mwayi wopeza ntchito kwaulere; olemba ntchito amafunsira ku UWV.

Malamulo a pabanja

Onaninso tsamba lathu lonena za malamulo a banja.

Kuzindikira mwana (kuvomereza) — Lamulo lalamulo lomwe munthu amakhala kholo la mwana amene sanabereke; kuyambira 2023 limapanganso ulamuliro wogwirizana wa makolo.
kukhazikitsidwa — Kutenga mwana kumathetsa ubale wovomerezeka ndi makolo oyamba ndipo kumapangitsa ubale watsopano ndi makolo otenga mwana; khoti lokha ndi lomwe lingalole.
Kusintha kwa dzina la mwana — Dzina la mwana lingasinthidwe polemba ku Korona, malinga ndi zomwe zili m'malamulo ake komanso nthawi zomwe zaperekedwa zosamalira mwana.
Kusamalira ana (kusamalira ana) — Ndalama zomwe kholo limalipira pa mtengo wosamalira ndi kulera mwana, zimawerengedwa kuchokera ku zosowa za mwanayo ndi mphamvu ya kholo lililonse yolipira.
Kulera anzawo — Kulera ana pamodzi ndi kugawana chisamaliro mofanana pambuyo pa kulekana; si nthawi yovomerezeka ndi lamulo koma imakhala ndi zotsatirapo zachuma.
Mgwirizano wa cohabitation — Pangano lokhala pamodzi limalemba mapangano pakati pa anthu osakwatirana; lamulo la ku Netherlands siliwapatsa ufulu uliwonse mwachisawawa.
Community of Property (gemeenschap van goederen) — Ndondomeko ya katundu wa ukwati yovomerezeka; kuyambira 2018 ndi yochepa, kotero katundu, mphatso ndi cholowa zisanalowe m'banja zimakhala zachinsinsi.
Kulumikizana kwadongosolo (omgangsregeling) — Dongosolo logwirizana kapena lolamulidwa ndi khoti la kulumikizana pakati pa mwana ndi kholo lomwe mwanayo sakukhala nalo kwenikweni.
Pangano la chisudzulo — Pangano la chisudzulo limalemba zomwe maphwandowa agwirizana pankhani ya katundu, kusamalira ndi penshoni, ndipo limaphatikizidwa ndi lamulo la khothi.
Kuthetsa ukwati — Mu mgwirizano wa kusudzulana, mkhalapakati wosalowerera ndale amatsogolera okwatirana onse awiri ku makonzedwe omwe amalembedwa mu pangano la kusudzulana.
Nkhani zachisudzulo — Chisudzulo chimaperekedwa ndi pempho ku khoti la chigawo, ndi kuimiridwa kokakamizidwa ndi loya komanso kulembetsa m'mabuku olembetsera milandu ya anthu.
Lamulo loyang'anira banja — Lamulo loyang'anira banja limasankha wosamalira banja kuti aziyang'anira mwana wachinyamata, pomwe makolowo okha amakhala ndi ulamuliro waubereki.
Chidziwitso — Ulemu ndi ulamuliro pa mwana wamng'ono womwe munthu wina osati kholo lake amachita, mwachitsanzo pambuyo pa imfa kapena kutha kwa ulamuliro wa kholo.
Kubedwa kwa ana padziko lonse lapansi — Kuchotsa kapena kusunga mwana molakwika kudutsa malire, ndi milandu yobwezera yomwe yabweretsedwa kukhoti lachigawo ku The Hague.
Pempho lachisudzulo chogwirizana (echtscheiding op gemeenschappelijk verzoek) — Chisudzulo chomwe okwatirana onse awiri adapempha pamodzi kudzera mwa loya mmodzi, chifukwa ukwatiwo watha mosatha.
Kutsimikiza kwa abambo m'makhothi — Ngati bambo savomereza mwanayo, khoti likhoza kudziwa ngati bambo ake ndi bambo, ndipo izi zingathandize kutsimikizira tsiku lobadwa.
Ulamuliro wa makolo (ouderlijk gezag) — Udindo walamulo pa kulera mwana wakhanda, chuma chake, ndi kumuyimira; kuvomereza tsopano kumapanganso ulamuliro wogwirizana.
Mapulani olerera ana (ouderschapsplan) — Pangano lolembedwa lokhudza chisamaliro, kusinthana chidziwitso ndi kusamalira ana lomwe makolo osudzulana a ana aang'ono ayenera kupereka pempho lawo.
Kulinganiza penshoni — Pa chisudzulo, wokondedwa wakale ali ndi ufulu wopeza theka la penshoni yopuma pantchito yomwe idapangidwa panthawi ya ukwati, bola ngati wopereka chithandizoyo adziwitsidwa mkati mwa zaka ziwiri.
Prenuptial agreement (huwelijkse voorwaarden) — Pangano la notarial lomwe okwatirana amasiya dongosolo la katundu wa ukwati, lomwe linapangidwa ukwati usanachitike kapena panthawi ya ukwati.
Kuyang'anira chitetezo — Kuyang'anira chitetezo ndi njira yomwe khoti lachigawo laling'ono limaperekera kuyang'anira katundu wa munthu kwa woyang'anira.
Mgwirizano wovomerezeka — Ukwati wolembetsedwa umafanana kwambiri ndi ukwati, koma ukhoza kuthetsedwa popanda kupita kukhoti komwe kulibe ana aang'ono.
Kusamuka ndi mwana — Makolo omwe ali ndi ulamuliro wogwirizana amafunika chilolezo cha wina ndi mnzake kuti asamukire kunyumba ndi mwana; ngati chilolezo chakanidwa, khoti limasankha.
Kusamalira mwamuna ndi mkazi (partneralimentatie) — Ndalama zolipirira mkazi kapena mwamuna wake wakale yemwe sangathe kudzisamalira yekha; kuyambira 2020 nthawi zambiri imakhala theka la ukwati, ndipo imathera pa zaka zisanu.
Kuthetsa ulamuliro wa makolo — Khothi likhoza kuthetsa ulamuliro wa makolo pamene chitukuko cha mwana chili pangozi yaikulu ndipo kholo silingathe kuyambiranso udindo.
Kusintha kwa kukonza — Kukonza kungasinthidwe pamene zinthu zasintha kapena pamene dongosolo loyambirira linadalira pa chidziwitso cholakwika kapena chosakwanira.

Lamulo la mphamvu

Onaninso tsamba lathu lonena za lamulo la mphamvu.

Kuyang'anira ACM mu gawo la mphamvu — Bungwe la Ogula ndi Misika limayang'anira mitengo ya grid, limagwiritsa ntchito malamulowa ndikuthetsa mikangano pakati pa magulu ogwirizana ndi ogwira ntchito za grid.
Kulipira zomangamanga — Malo ochajira amadalira malamulo awoawo pa kulumikizana kwa gridi, malo opezeka pagulu, mitengo yowonekera bwino komanso ufulu wa ogwiritsa ntchito.
Kutentha kophatikizana (Wet collectieve warmte) — Lamulo la Collective Heat Act limalola ma municipalities kusankha malo otenthetsera ndipo m'malo mwake amasuntha mitengo yotenthetsera m'maboma kukhala yotsika mtengo.
Kusamalira konkire — Kuyang'anira kuchulukana kwa magetsi ndi njira zomwe wogwiritsa ntchito gridi amagawa mphamvu zochepa zoyendera ndikuwonjezera malo owonjezera pa gridi.
Mgwirizano wolumikizana ndi zoyendera (aansluit-en transportovereenkomst) — Pangano lolumikizirana ndi mayendedwe limalamulira, pakati pa gulu lolumikizidwa ndi woyendetsa gridi, kulumikizana ndi mphamvu zomwe zaperekedwa.
Mphamvu yolumikizira — Kutha kulumikizana ndi mphamvu yomwe idamangidwira kulumikizana; imasankha mtengo ndipo ndi yosiyana ndi mphamvu yonyamulira yomwe idagwirizana.
Pangano la mphamvu la ogula — Ogula ali ndi ufulu wokhala ndi mgwirizano womveka bwino, mgwirizano wa chitsanzo ndi chitetezo pakutha kwa ntchito komanso pakulephera kwa wogulitsa.
Malamulo oletsa kulumikizana — Kasitomala wochepa sangangochotsedwa: nthawi zochenjeza, kupereka chithandizo cha ngongole ndi kuletsa nthawi yozizira zonse zimagwira ntchito kaye.
Malonda a mpweya woipa (ETS) — Dongosolo la malonda a mpweya woipa la EU limaletsa kutulutsa mpweya woipa; ogwira ntchito omwe akutenga nawo mbali ayenera kupereka ndalama zothandizira mpweya woipa chaka chilichonse.
Lamulo la Mphamvu (Energiewet) — Lamulo la Mphamvu linayamba kugwira ntchito pa 1 Januwale 2026 ndipo linalowa m'malo mwa Electricity Act 1998 ndi Gas Act ngati chimango cha msika.
Gulu la mphamvu — Gulu la mphamvu ndi gulu la nzika kapena mabizinesi omwe amapanga, amagawana, amasunga kapena amapereka mphamvu ndi cholinga cha anthu.
Mphamvu chizindikiro — Chizindikiro cha mphamvu chimalemba momwe nyumbayo imagwirira ntchito mphamvu; nyumba zamaofesi ziyenera kukhala ndi chizindikiro C kuyambira 2023.
Udindo wosunga mphamvu — Mabizinesi omwe amagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zambiri ayenera kutenga njira iliyonse yomwe imalipira yokha mkati mwa zaka zisanu ndikupereka malipoti nthawi ndi nthawi.
Kusunga mphamvu — Kusungira mphamvu monga mabatire kuli ndi malo akeake pa gridi; kulumikizana, mitengo yamagetsi ndi udindo monga wotenga nawo mbali pamsika zimafuna makonzedwe osiyana.
Ndalama zolipirira mphamvu ya dzuwa — Ogulitsa amatha kulipiritsa ndalama zogulira chakudya cha nyumba zomwe zili ndi mapanelo a dzuwa, bola ngati ndalamazo zikuwonetsa ndalama zenizeni ndipo zitha kufotokozedwa.
Kuchulukana kwa gridi (netcongestie) — Kuchulukana kwa ma gridi kumachitika pamene kufunikira kwa mphamvu zoyendera kumaposa zomwe netiweki ingathe kunyamula mosamala, kotero zopempha zatsopano zimakanidwa.
Wogwiritsa ntchito gridi (netbeheerder) — Wogwiritsa ntchito gridi ndiye wogwiritsa ntchito magetsi kapena gasi wosankhidwa mwalamulo, wolekanitsidwa ndi lamulo ndi kupanga ndi kupereka.
Chitsimikizo chochokera (garantie van oorsprong) — Chitsimikizo cha chiyambi chimatsimikizira kuti ola limodzi la megawatt linachokera ku gwero lobwezerezedwanso ndipo lingagulitsidwe mosiyana ndi magetsi.
Kulamulira kwa haidrojeni — Phukusi la ku Europe la hydrogen ndi gasi lochotsa mpweya m'thupi limamanga msika wa hydrogen wolamulidwa, wokhala ndi ogwira ntchito pa netiweki osankhidwa ndi kugawa zinthu.
Net metering scheme (salderingsregeling) — Kuyeza kwa magetsi a solar kumalola eni ake a solar panels kuchepetsa magetsi omwe amawagwiritsa ntchito poyerekeza ndi omwe amatenga; kutha pa 1 Januwale 2027.
Zilolezo za mafamu a dzuwa ndi mphepo — Famu yamagetsi ...
Pangano logula mphamvu (PPA) — Pangano logula magetsi ndi pangano la nthawi yayitali lomwe wogula amatenga zotsatira za kukhazikitsa kamodzi pamtengo womwe wagwirizana.
Udindo wa pulogalamu — Udindo wa pulogalamu ndi udindo woneneratu kupezeka kwa magetsi ndi kufunikira kwake pasadakhale komanso kuthetsa mavuto azachuma.
Ndalama zothandizira za SDE++ — SDE++ imaphimba gawo lopanda phindu la mapulojekiti ochepetsa mphamvu zongowonjezwdwanso ndi mpweya, zomwe zimaperekedwa pagawo lililonse malinga ndi momwe ndalama zimagwiritsidwira ntchito.
Miyendo yamakono — Wogwiritsa ntchito gridi amapatsa kasitomala aliyense wang'ono mita yanzeru; kasitomala angakane kapena kuzimitsa kuwerenga kwakutali.
Chilolezo chogulira (leveringsvergunning) — Chilolezo chopereka kuchokera ku ACM chikufunika kuti chipereke magetsi kapena gasi kwa ogula ang'onoang'ono ndipo chimakhazikitsa zofunikira pa bungwe.

Lamulo logulitsa nyumba

Onaninso tsamba lathu lonena za malamulo okhudza malo.

Mankhwala operekedwa ndi munthu amene akufuna kugula — Kukhala ndi malo kwa nthawi yayitali kungapangitse kuti munthu akhale ndi malo mwalamulo; mwiniwake woyamba akhoza kupempha chipukuta misozi kuchokera kwa mwiniwakeyo.
Chigawo cha zaka — Chigawo cha zaka chimaletsa udindo wa wogulitsa pa zolakwika zomwe zimagwirizana ndi zaka za katundu amene akugulitsidwa.
Mgwirizano waufulu wanyumba ndi eni ake (appartementsrecht en VvE) — Ufulu wa nyumba umapereka gawo m'nyumba yogawanika yokhala ndi chipinda chimodzi chokha komanso umembala wa bungwe la eni nyumba.
Lamulo Lotsimikizira Ubwino wa Nyumba — Kuyambira mu 2024, wotsimikizira khalidwe wodziyimira pawokha amafufuza kapangidwe katsopano mu kalasi yoyamba, ndipo udindo wa kontrakitala ukatha ndi waukulu.
Chigawo cha unyolo ndi udindo wa khalidwe — Chigawo cha unyolo chimakakamiza wogula kupereka udindowo kwa olowa m'malo; udindo wofunikira umayenda ndi katunduyo wokha.
Pangano lomanga — Pansi pa mgwirizano womanga, kontrakitala amalonjeza kumanga ndi kupereka ntchito; kumaliza ntchito ndiye maziko a udindo ndi chiopsezo.
Easement (erfdienstbaarheid) — Chilolezo ndi ndalama zomwe zimaperekedwa pa malo ena kuti apindule ndi ena, monga ufulu wolowera, ndipo zimadutsa ndi malowo akasamutsidwa.
Ndondomeko ya chilengedwe — Dongosolo la chilengedwe limalowa m'malo mwa dongosolo la malo ndipo lili ndi malamulo onse a boma okhudza malo okhala m'boma.
Chilolezo cha chilengedwe (omgevingsvergunning) — Chilolezo cha chilengedwe ndi chilolezo chimodzi chomwe Environment and Planning Act imafuna pakusintha nyumba, kugwetsa ndi kugwiritsa ntchito.
Kutulutsidwa — Kuchotsa malo obwerekedwa kumafuna chigamulo cha khothi; pokhapokha chigamulocho chikapezeka, mlonda wa khothi amatha kuchotsa malowo.
Mkhalidwe wandalama (financieringsvoorbehoud) — Chikhalidwe chopezera ndalama chimalola wogula kuthetsa kugula popanda chilango ngati awonetsa, pakapita nthawi komanso ndi zikalata, kuti palibe ngongole ya nyumba yomwe inabwera.
Lendi ya malo (erfpacht) — Erfpacht ndi ufulu weniweni wokhala ndi kugwiritsa ntchito malo a wina popanda lendi ya nthaka nthawi ndi nthawi; chikalata chovomerezeka chimakhazikitsa zofunikira.
Dongosolo lowerengera mtengo wa nyumba — Dongosolo lowerengera mtengo wa nyumba limapereka malo oti munthu abwereke nyumba ndipo limakhazikitsa lendi yapamwamba kwambiri; kuyambira 2024 limakhudzanso gawo lapakati pamsika.
Ngongole ya nyumba kumanja — Ngongole ya nyumba ndi ufulu wochepa pa katundu wolembetsedwa womwe umapatsa wobwereketsayo udindo waukulu komanso mphamvu zogulitsa popanda chilolezo cha khoti.
Lamulo la mnansi — Lamulo la anansi limalamulira ubale pakati pa eni malo oyandikana nawo, kuyambira malire ndi nthambi zopachikidwa mpaka malo owonera ndi osowetsa mtendere.
Kusatsatira malamulo pogula nyumba — Nyumba siigwirizana ndi zomwe wogula ayenera kuyembekezera, ndipo imagwiritsidwa ntchito mwachizolowezi ngati muyezo wamba.
Malo ena amalonda (230a) — Maofesi, malo osungiramo zinthu ndi zipinda zoperekera upangiri zimagwera pansi pa Nkhani 7:230a ndipo zimatetezedwa kuchotsedwa m'nyumba, osati chitetezo chilichonse cha nthawi.
Mgwirizano wogula malo (koopovereenkomst onroerende zaak) — Pangano logula nyumba lomwe lagulidwa ndi kasitomala liyenera kukhala lolembedwa ndipo nthawi zambiri limakhala ndi ndalama zolipirira ndi chindapusa cha khumi peresenti.
Kukwera kwa lendi — Nyumba zoyendetsedwa ndi malamulo zimafunika kukwezedwa kwa lendi pachaka; mu gawo la ufulu, mgwirizano umalamulira, mkati mwa malire.
Kuwunikiranso lendi ya malo abizinesi — Wobwereka nyumba ndi mwini nyumba wa malo ogulitsira akhoza kupempha lendi yatsopano patatha zaka zisanu, kutengera malo ofanana ndi omwe ali m'deralo.
Chitetezo cha nyumba (huurbescherming woonruimte) — Okhala m'nyumba amatetezedwa kwambiri: kuchotsedwa ntchito kumatheka pokhapokha ngati pali malamulo ndipo lendi yokwanira malire ake imachepetsedwa.
Malo ogulitsa malonda (290-bedrijfsruimte) — Mapangano a malo ogulitsira ndi ochereza alendo akugwera pansi pa nkhani 7:290, zomwe zimapatsa wobwereka zaka zisanu kuphatikiza zisanu komanso chitetezo chothetsa ntchito.
Ufulu wa zinthu zapamwamba — Ufulu wa zinthu zapamwamba umaphwanya ufulu wa mwiniwake: mwiniwakeyo ndiye mwini nyumba, ntchito kapena malo obzala omwe ali pamunda wa munthu wina.
Ndalama zolipirira — Ndalama zolipirira ntchito ndi malipiro a zinthu ndi ntchito pamodzi ndi lendi; mwini nyumba ayenera kuwerengera ndalamazo chaka chilichonse.
Kuwonongeka kwa dothi — Kuipitsidwa kwa nthaka kumakhudza kufunika ndi kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa nthaka; popeza Environment and Planning Act, malamulowo ali mu malamulo okhudza zachilengedwe.
Nthawi yoziziritsa yovomerezeka (wettelijke bedenktijd) — Nthawi yokhazikika yomwe malamulo amakhazikitsa imapatsa ogula nyumba masiku atatu kuti athetse kugula popanda kupereka zifukwa zilizonse.
Kulowa m'malo mwa wobwereka — Kusinthanitsa kumalola khoti kulola wobwereka malo a bizinesi kuti aike munthu wina m'malo mwake bizinesiyo ikagulitsidwa.
Kusamutsa mutu (juridische levering) — Kusamutsa umwini wa katundu wosamuka kumafuna chikalata chovomerezeka ndi kulembetsa m'mabuku a anthu onse a malo asanaperekedwe umwini.

Chilamulo

Onaninso tsamba lathu lonena za malamulo okhudza milandu.

Apilo pa milandu yaupandu — Chigamulo cha khothi lachigawo chikhoza kupidwa ku khothi lopikira mkati mwa masiku khumi ndi anayi, ndipo khothilo lidzaweruziranso mlandu wonse.
Satifiketi ya khalidwe labwino (VOG) — A VOG amatsimikizira kuti zolemba za oweruza sizimalepheretsa udindo; akuluakulu oyang'anira milandu amaganizira za nthawi yomwe imasiyana malinga ndi ntchito.
Community Service Order (taakstraf) — Lamulo lothandiza anthu ammudzi limafuna kuti munthu agwire ntchito yopanda malipiro kwa maola mazana awiri mphambu makumi anayi; ngati silinamalizidwe, munthuyo amamangidwa.
Malipiro pambuyo pa kumasulidwa — Mukamaliza kumasulidwa kapena kuchotsedwa ntchito mutha kupempha chipukuta misozi chifukwa cha nthawi yomwe mudagwiritsa ntchito mundende komanso ndalama zomwe loya wanu adawononga, mkati mwa miyezi itatu.
Kulanda ndalama zomwe zapezeka chifukwa cha upandu (kuphwanya malamulo) — Lamulo lolanda katundu limafuna kuti munthu wopezeka ndi mlandu alipire phindu lomwe adapeza chifukwa cha upandu, m'milandu yosiyana.
Kuchotsa mlandu (sepot) — Kuchotsa munthu paudindo ndi chisankho cha wozenga mlandu wa boma choti asatsutse, kaya chifukwa chosowa umboni kapena chifukwa cha mfundo zokha.
Kuwongolera motsogoleredwa — Kuyendetsa galimoto ndi mowa kapena mankhwala osokoneza bongo opitirira muyeso wololedwa ndi mlandu wokhala ndi chindapusa, chiletso choyendetsa galimoto komanso chilolezo chochokera ku CBR.
Lamulo la milandu yazachuma — Malamulo okhudza milandu yazachuma amakhudza kuphwanya malamulo oyendetsera ntchito ndi mabizinesi, kuyambira pa chilengedwe mpaka momwe ntchito ikuyendera komanso kuyang'anira ndalama.
Umboni m'milandu yaupandu — Kupezeka ndi mlandu kumafuna umboni wovomerezeka komanso wotsimikizika kuchokera ku magwero osachepera awiri; mboni imodzi kapena kuvomereza mlandu sikokwanira.
Kugulitsa — Kunyenga ndi kulemba molakwika kapena molakwika chikalata chomwe cholinga chake ndi umboni, ndi cholinga chochigwiritsa ntchito ngati chenicheni.
Munthu wovulala ali m'milandu yaupandu — Wozunzidwayo angalowe nawo mu mlandu waupandu ngati munthu wovulala kuti akapemphe chipukuta misozi chake mwachindunji kwa wotsutsidwayo.
Loya pa kuyankhulana kwa apolisi — Wokayikiridwa aliyense ali ndi ufulu wokhala ndi loya asanayambe komanso panthawi ya kuyankhulana ndi apolisi; ufulu umenewo ukhoza kuchotsedwa mwadala komanso mwaufulu.
Kusamba ndalama — Kuyeretsa ndalama ndi kubisa kapena kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zochokera ku upandu; kukayikira nthawi zambiri kumachitika chifukwa cha chuma chosafotokozedwa kapena ndalama zomwe zikuyenda.
Lamulo la Opium ndi milandu ya mankhwala osokoneza bongo — Opium Act imagawa mankhwala osokoneza bongo m'gulu la Mndandanda Woyamba ndi Mndandanda Wachiwiri; kukhala nawo, kugulitsa ndi kulima ndi chilango, koma kulekerera kokha mkati mwa malire ochepa.
Lamulo la chilango (strafbeschikking) — Lamulo la chilango ndi chilango chomwe wozenga mlandu amapatsidwa popanda mlandu; njira yokhayo yothetsera vutoli ndi kutsutsa mkati mwa masiku khumi ndi anayi.
Kusungidwa kwa apolisi (inverzekeringstelling) — Kusungidwa ndi apolisi kumalola munthu woganiziridwa kuti asungidwe kwa masiku atatu kuti kafukufuku apitirire, ndipo woweruza milandu ayang'anenso.
Kutsekeredwa kusanayesedwe (voorlopige hechtenis) — Kutsekeredwa m'ndende munthu asanazengedwe mlandu ndi kutsekeredwa komwe khoti lisanaweruze mlandu, pazifukwa zalamulo komanso kwa nthawi yochepa.
Zolakwika zamachitidwe — Chilema cha ndondomeko ndi cholakwika chosasinthika pakufufuza koyambirira kwa mlandu; khothi lingayankhe mwa kuchepetsa chilango kapena kuchotsa umboni.
Kufotokoza za mlandu — Lipoti ndi chidziwitso cha mlandu wokhudza apolisi kapena bungwe loona za milandu; wozenga mlandu ndiye amasankha payekha ngati akufuna kutsutsa.
Ufulu wokhala chete ndi kuchenjeza (zwijgrecht en cautie) — Wokayikira sayenera kuyankha mafunso ndipo ayenera kuuzidwa zimenezo asanafunse mafunso; popanda kusamala mawuwo sangagwiritsidwe ntchito kwenikweni.
Kulanda umboni — Kulanda ndi kusunga zinthu zoti zifufuzidwe kapena zoti zilandidwe; kubweza kungafunike popereka madandaulo ovomerezeka.
Kuyitanitsa (kuyitanitsa) — Chikalata choitanira mlandu chimabweretsa wotsutsidwa ku khoti la milandu; mlandu womwe uli mkati mwake umafotokoza kukula kwa mlanduwo komanso momwe mlanduwo ungagamulidwire.
Wokayikira (verdachte) — Wokayikiridwa ndi munthu amene mfundo zake zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kukayikira koyenera; kuyambira nthawi imeneyo ufulu wokhala chete ndi kukhala loya umagwira ntchito.
Chilango choyimitsidwa ndi nthawi yoyesedwa (voorwaardelijke straf en proeftijd) — Chilango choimitsidwa sichiperekedwa pokhapokha ngati munthu wopezeka ndi mlanduyo akutsatira zomwe zili mu nthawi ya probation.
Oda ya TBS — Lamulo la TBS ndi muyeso kwa otsutsa omwe ali ndi vuto la maganizo omwe adachita mlandu waukulu koma akadali oopsa kwa ena.
Lamulo la kanthawi loletsa anthu kulowa m'dziko — Meya akhoza kuletsa munthu kukhala m'nyumba mwake kwa masiku khumi, mpaka masiku makumi awiri mphambu asanu ndi atatu, pomwe anthu okhala m'nyumbamo angakumane ndi chiopsezo chovulazidwa nthawi yomweyo.

Malamulo aboma

Onaninso tsamba lathu lonena za malamulo a anthu.

Apilo pa milandu ya anthu wamba — Apilo ndi kumvetseranso mlandu wonse wa anthu ndi khoti la apilo, komwe kumayenera kuperekedwa mkati mwa miyezi itatu kuchokera tsiku la chigamulo.
Kupereka zopempha — Ntchito imasamutsa pempho kwa wobwereketsa wina; ntchito yowululidwa imafuna chidziwitso kwa wobwereketsa, ntchito yosawululidwa imafuna chikalata cholembetsedwa.
Kuphwanya mgwirizano (wanprestatie) — Kulephera kukwaniritsa udindo wa pangano womwe umabwera chifukwa cha wobwereketsa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mbali ina ipemphe ndalama zolipirira.
Katundu wa umboni — Chipani chodalira zotsatira za malamulo kuchokera ku mfundo chili ndi udindo wozitsimikizira, pokhapokha ngati lamulo lapadera kapena chilungamo chikufuna zina.
Zowonongeka — Zowonongeka cholinga chake ndi kuyika munthu wovulalayo pamalo omwe akanakhalapo ngati chovulalacho sichinachitike.
Ndalama zosonkhanitsira ngongole — Ndalama zomwe sizinalipidwe zimafuna ndalama zolipirira zomwe zimayikidwa ndi lamulo; chikumbutso cha masiku khumi ndi anayi kwa ogula ndi chofunikira.
Chokhazikika (verzuim) — Dziko lomwe wobwereketsa amalowa pambuyo podziwitsa kuti sakulipira kapena tsiku lomaliza lokhazikika lomwe latha; ndilo lamulo loti awononge ndalama ndi kubweza ngongoleyo.
Udindo wodandaula — Munthu amene wapeza cholakwika pa ntchito yake ayenera kuchita ziwonetsero mkati mwa nthawi yoyenera; kudandaula mochedwa kwambiri kumataya ufulu wonse.
Cholakwika (kunyumba) — Pangano lopangidwa chifukwa cha lingaliro lolakwika lomwe lachitika chifukwa cha mawu a chipani china kapena chete lingathe kuthetsedwa, kapena kusinthidwa ndi khoti.
Chomangira cha Executive — Ndi chikalata chovomerezeka, wobwereketsa akhoza kutenga katundu wa wobwereketsayo ndikugulitsa ndi bailiff kuti akwaniritse zomwe akufuna.
Chigamulo chochotsera mlandu — Chigamulo chochotsera mlandu chimaletsa kapena kuchotsa mlandu; chimachotsedwa pamene kudalira pa icho sikungavomerezedwe ndi miyezo yoyenera komanso yachilungamo.
Kukakamiza majeure — Mphamvu yaikulu imakhalapo pamene kulephera sikungatchulidwe kuti ndi kwa wobwereketsa; palibe kuwonongeka komwe kumalipidwa, ngakhale kuti kubweza kumakhalabe kotseguka.
General terms and conditions (algemene voorwaarden) — Zigawo zokhazikika zomwe zalembedwa kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito mobwerezabwereza; zimamanga mbali inayo pokhapokha ngati idaperekedwa isanayambe kapena panthawi yogwira ntchito.
Udindo wogwirizana ndi zingapo — Pokhala ndi udindo wogwirizana ndi wofanana, wobwereketsayo akhoza kupempha ngongole yonse kwa wobwereketsa aliyense, ndipo pambuyo pake adzalandira thandizo pakati pawo.
Nthawi yochepetsera (verjaring) — Nthawi yomwe pempho silingathenso kukakamizidwa; zaka zisanu pa milandu yambiri ya pangano ndi ya chiwongoladzanja, zaka makumi awiri ngati malire akunja.
Chidziwitso cha kusakhazikika (ingebrekestelling) — Pempho lolembedwa lomwe limapatsa wobwereketsa nthawi yomaliza yokwanira yoti achite, ndi gawo lomwe limayika wobwereketsayo pamavuto motsatira lamulo la Dutch.
Chilango — Chigamulo cha chilango chimafuna kuti ndalama zokhazikika zilipire pakuswa lamulo; khoti likhoza kuchepetsa ngati kugwiritsa ntchito kungapangitse kuti pakhale zotsatira zochulukirapo.
Malipiro a chilango (dwangsom) — Ndalama zomwe khoti limalamula chipani kuti chilipire chifukwa cha kuswa kulikonse kwa chigamulo, kapena tsiku lomwe sichinatsatire chigamulo; sizingaphatikizidwe ndi udindo wolipira ndalama.
Kukonzekeratu (conservatoir beslag) — Kutenga katundu chisanaweruzidwe, pamodzi ndi chilolezo cha khothi, kuti apeze ndalama; milandu yokhudza milandu iyenera kutsatiridwa mkati mwa nthawi yoikika.
Zoyeserera zoyambira zothandizira (kort geding) — Milandu ya milandu yachiweniweni imapita kwa woweruza milandu yothandiza kwakanthawi kuti alandire chigamulo chadzidzidzi komanso chanthawi yochepa; nthawi zambiri chigamulo chimaperekedwa mkati mwa milungu ingapo.
Kuthetsa mgwirizano (kuletsa) — Kuthetsa pangano chifukwa chakuti mbali ina yalephera kukwaniritsa; kungachitike mwa kulemba chikalata ndipo kungathetse maudindo amtsogolo.
Kusungidwa kwa mutu — Ngati katunduyo sali ndi umwini, wogulitsa amakhalabe mwini wa katunduyo mpaka wogula atalipira mtengo wonse womwe wavomerezedwa.
Ufulu wosunga — Ufulu wosunga katundu umalola wobwereketsa kuti asapereke katundu wake mpaka atalipira zonse zomwe akufuna.
Ufulu woyimitsidwa — Ufulu woyimitsidwa umalola wobwereketsa kuchedwetsa ntchito yake malinga ngati winayo sakuchita gawo lake.
Nyamukani — Kuthetsa ngongole kumalola anthu awiri omwe ali ndi ngongole wina ndi mnzake kuti athetse ngongole zawo mpaka kufika pa ngongole yaying'ono.
Chitsimikizo — Pansi pa chitsimikizo, munthu wachitatu amalonjeza kukwaniritsa udindo wa wina; otsimikizira zachinsinsi amatetezedwa kwambiri ndi malamulo.
Kuwotcha — Cholakwa ndi kuphwanya ufulu, kuphwanya udindo walamulo kapena khalidwe losemphana ndi miyezo ya chisamaliro cha anthu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti munthu akhale ndi udindo wolipira ndalama zomwe zawonongeka.
Chikalata cha milandu yokhudza kuyitanidwa — Milandu yokhudza kuyitanitsa milandu ndi milandu yachibadwidwe, yomwe imayambitsidwa ndi kalata ya bailiff yomwe imafotokoza zomwe zanenedwazo ndi zifukwa zake.

Lamulo la IT

Onaninso tsamba lathu lonena za malamulo a IT.

Ntchito ya AI — Lamulo la AI limayang'anira luntha lochita kupanga potengera kuchuluka kwa zoopsa, ndi machitidwe oletsedwa, zofunikira pa machitidwe oopsa kwambiri komanso maudindo owonekera.
Kupanga zisankho — Simungapatsidwe chisankho chongodzipangira nokha chomwe chili ndi zotsatirapo zazikulu, pokhapokha ngati pali chosiyana ndipo pali chitetezo.
Chilolezo cha cookie — Chilolezo cha cookie ndi chilolezo choyambirira, choperekedwa mwaulere komanso chomveka bwino chomwe chikufunika ma cookie osafunikira asanayikidwe pa chipangizo cha mlendo.
Ufulu waumwini mu mapulogalamu — Mapulogalamu amatetezedwa ndi ufulu wa olemba ngati ntchito; chitetezo chimaphimba khodi yoyambira ndi zinthu zokonzekera, osati malingaliro ndi magwiridwe antchito.
Data Act — Lamulo la Data limapatsa ogwiritsa ntchito mwayi wopeza deta kuchokera kuzinthu zawo zolumikizidwa ndipo limapangitsa kusinthana pakati pa opereka chithandizo cha cloud kukhala kosavuta.
Mgwirizano wokonza deta — Pangano lokonza deta ndi pangano lolembedwa lofunikira lomwe limafotokoza momwe purosesa imagwirira ntchito deta yaumwini m'malo mwa wolamulira.
Kuwunika momwe chitetezo cha deta chimakhudzira — DPIA ndi kuwunika komwe kumachitika musanagwiritse ntchito komwe kungayambitse chiopsezo chachikulu ku ufulu ndi ufulu wa anthu.
Woyang'anira chitetezo cha deta — Woyang'anira chitetezo cha deta amayang'anira kutsatira GDPR mkati mwa bungwe ndipo ndi kofunikira m'mabungwe aboma komanso pa ntchito zazikulu.
Ufulu wa nkhani za data — GDPR imapatsa anthu ufulu wopeza, kukonza, kufufuta, kuletsa, kunyamula ndi kutsutsa, ndi nthawi yomaliza yoyankha ya mwezi umodzi.
Database kumanja — Ufulu wa database umateteza wopanga yemwe wayika ndalama zambiri kuti apeze, kutsimikizira kapena kupereka zomwe zili mu database.
Digital Services Act — Lamulo la Ntchito Zapaintaneti limaika ntchito kwa olankhulana pa intaneti pa zidziwitso, kuwonekera poyera ndi kutsatsa, zomwe ndi zovuta kwambiri pamapulatifomu akuluakulu.
Kutsatsa mwachindunji ndi malamulo a sipamu — Kutumiza maimelo amalonda ndi malonda pa telefoni kumafuna chilolezo choyambirira; kupatulapo kochepa kokha kumagwira ntchito kwa makasitomala omwe alipo pazinthu zofanana.
Kugulitsa mtunda — Kugulitsa patali, kasitomala ali ndi masiku khumi ndi anayi kuti achotse ndipo wogulitsayo ali ndi udindo waukulu wodziwitsa pasadakhale.
Mkangano wa mayina a domain — Mkangano wa dzina la domain ukhoza kuthetsedwa mwachangu kudzera mu ndondomeko ya mkangano wa .nl kapena UDRP, osati kudzera m'makhothi a anthu wamba.
Lamulo la Chitetezo cha pa Intaneti ku Netherlands (NIS2) — Lamulo la Dutch Cybersecurity Act limafuna kuti mabungwe ofunikira komanso ofunikira achitepo kanthu poyang'anira zoopsa ndikulengeza za zochitika.
Siginecha yamagetsi — Lamulo la eIDAS limasiyanitsa ma siginecha apakompyuta osavuta, apamwamba komanso oyenerera; omaliza okha ndi omwe amafanana ndi siginecha yolembedwa pamanja.
Kusamutsa deta padziko lonse lapansi — Kusamutsa katundu kunja kwa European Economic Area kumafuna chisankho chokwanira, zigawo zokhazikika za mgwirizano kapena chitetezo china choyenera.
Mkangano wa polojekiti ya IT — Pulojekiti ya IT yomwe yalephera imayang'ana yemwe anali ndi udindo pa chiyani, komanso momwe wogulitsayo adakwaniritsira udindo wake wochenjeza kasitomala.
Chigwirizano cha chilolezo — Layisensi imapatsa munthu wina chilolezo chogwiritsa ntchito IP yanu; kukula, kupatula, ndi nthawi yake zimatsimikiza zomwe mwiniwakeyo angachite.
Kuyang'anira antchito — Ogwira ntchito yowunikira amafunika chidwi chovomerezeka, mayeso ofanana, komanso, monga lamulo, chilolezo cha bungwe la ntchito pasadakhale.
Chidziwitso ndi kuchotsa — Chidziwitso ndi kuchotsa ndi njira yofotokozera zomwe zili zosaloledwa ku ntchito yosungira zinthu ndikuchotsa zomwe zili mu intaneti.
Kuphwanya deta yaumwini — Kuswa deta yaumwini ndi vuto la chitetezo lomwe limayambitsa kutayika kapena mwayi wosaloledwa wopeza deta yaumwini, womwe ungadziwitsidwe mkati mwa maola 72.
Nthawi zosungira — Zambiri zaumwini sizingasungidwe nthawi yayitali kuposa momwe zimafunikira; msonkho wa zaka zisanu ndi ziwiri wosungira msonkho ndiye wodziwika bwino pa nthawi zokhazikika zalamulo.
Mgwirizano wa SaaS — Pangano la SaaS limapatsa kasitomala mwayi wopeza mapulogalamu pa intaneti omwe akuyenda kumapeto kwa wogulitsa, popanda kopi iliyonse yoperekedwa.
Khodi yoyambira yopezera ndalama — Kutsatsa kwa code yochokera ku gwero ndi dongosolo lomwe wothandizira wodziyimira pawokha amakhala ndi code yochokera ku gwero ndikuipereka kwa wogwiritsa ntchito ngati wogulitsayo walephera.
Lamulo la chizindikiro cha malonda — Chizindikiro cha malonda chimateteza chikwangwani chomwe chimasiyanitsa katundu kapena ntchito zanu; ufuluwu umabwera pokhapokha mutalembetsa ndi BOIP kapena EUIPO.
Lamulo la mayina amalonda — Ufulu wa dzina lamalonda umabwera chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito osati kulembetsa; dzina lamtsogolo lomwe limayambitsa chisokonezo ndi loyamba likhoza kuletsedwa.

Lamulo loyang'anira

Onaninso tsamba lathu lonena za malamulo oyendetsera ntchito.

Chisankho cha utsogoleri — Chisankho cha kayendetsedwe ka boma ndi chisankho cholembedwa cha bungwe la boma chomwe chili ndi lamulo lovomerezeka ndi boma; chisankho chokha ndi chomwe chingatsutsidwe.
Chindapusa choyang'anira — Chindapusa cha ulamuliro ndi chilango chomwe chimaperekedwa ndi bungwe lokha, chokhala ndi chitetezo monga chete ndi kuganiza kuti ndi wosalakwa.
Chingwe chowongolera — Dongosolo loyang'anira milandu limalola khoti kupatsa bungwe mwayi wokonza cholakwika pa chisankhocho panthawi ya mlandu.
Apilo ku khoti loyang'anira — Apilo ku khoti loyang'anira ndi pempho lopita ku khoti la chigawo pambuyo pa chigamulo chotsutsa, chomwe chiyenera kuperekedwa mkati mwa milungu isanu ndi umodzi.
Bibob Act — Malinga ndi lamulo la Bibob, akuluakulu amatha kukana kapena kuchotsa chilolezo ngati pali chiopsezo chachikulu choti chigwiritsidwe ntchito molakwika pazifukwa zaupandu.
Malipiro chifukwa cha zomwe boma lachita movomerezeka — Ichi ndi chipukuta misozi chifukwa cha kutayika kwakukulu komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha zochita za boma movomerezeka, ndi ulamuliro wake womwe uli mu Awb kuyambira 2024.
Ndondomeko ya ndalama muzochitika zautsogoleri — Munthu amene wapambana pa kutsutsa kapena apilo akhoza kulandira ndalama zokhazikika pa mtengo wa thandizo la akatswiri.
Ndalama zolipirira chisankho chosaloledwa — Chigamulo chikachotsedwa kapena kuchotsedwa, mutha kupempha kutayika kwanu, mwa kupempha kukhoti loyang'anira kapena kukhoti la anthu wamba.
Udindo wogwirizana ndi kuyang'anira — Aliyense ayenera kugwirizana ndi woyang'anira amene akuchita zinthu motsatira malire oyenera, koma ufulu wokhala chete umagwira ntchito akangolandira chindapusa.
Udindo wopereka zifukwa — Chisankho chiyenera kudalira pa zifukwa zomveka zomwe zanenedwa pamene zadziwitsidwa; popanda chifukwa chimenecho chisankhocho sichidzapulumuka kuunikanso.
Chipani chokondweretsedwa — Munthu amene ali ndi chidwi ndi munthu amene chidwi chake chimakhudzidwa mwachindunji ndi chisankho; munthu amene ali ndi chidwi ndi amene angatsutse ndikupempha kuti apilo.
Mpumulo wa kanthawi pazochitika za utsogoleri — Mpumulo wa kanthawi ndi njira yofulumira yomwe khothi lolamulira lingaimitse chigamulo pamene kutsutsa kapena apilo ikuyembekezeredwa.
Udindo ndi kugawa — Pansi pa lamulo munthu wina amasankha m'dzina la bungwelo; pansi pa kupatsa mphamvu mphamvuyo imapita ku bungwe lina la boma.
Kusowa nthawi yomaliza — Kutsutsa ndi apilo ziyenera kuperekedwa mkati mwa milungu isanu ndi umodzi; kuchedwa kumatanthauza kusaloledwa, pokhapokha ngati kuchedwako kungakhululukidwe pazifukwa zomveka.
Chidziwitso cha kutsutsa — Chidziwitso chotsutsa chimapempha bungwe lolamulira kuti liganizirenso za chisankho chake ndipo chiyenera kuperekedwa mkati mwa milungu isanu ndi umodzi kuchokera pamene chinafalitsidwa.
Lamulo la Boma Lotseguka (Woo) — Lamulo la Dutch Open Government limapatsa aliyense ufulu wopempha chidziwitso cha anthu onse kuchokera ku mabungwe oyang'anira, ndi nthawi yosankha ya milungu inayi.
Lamulo loti pakhale kukakamiza kwa oyang'anira — Ndi kukakamiza kwa akuluakulu aboma, akuluakulu amathetsa kuphwanya malamuloko ndipo amabwezera ndalama zomwe wolakwayo amawononga, pakapita nthawi kuti atsatire.
Lamuloli liyenera kulipidwa chilango — Lamulo loperekedwa chilango ndi chilango chokonzanso chomwe wolakwayo amataya ndalama ngati kuphwanya lamulo sikunathe mkati mwa nthawi yotsatira malamulo.
Chilango cha chisankho chochedwa — Ngati bungwe loyang'anira lisankha mochedwa, limataya chilango cha ma euro 1,442 pasanathe masiku 42 pambuyo poti lapatsidwa chidziwitso cha kusachita bwino.
Lamulo la ndondomeko — Lamulo la ndondomeko limalemba momwe bungwe lolamulira limagwiritsira ntchito mphamvu zake; kuchoka paudindo kumafunika pamene zotsatira zake sizingakhale zosiyana.
Mfundo ya ziyembekezo zovomerezeka — Mfundo imeneyi imateteza iwo omwe adadalira chitsimikizo cha boma moyenera; kuyambira 2019 makhothi amagwiritsa ntchito mayeso a magawo atatu.
Mfundo ya kufanana — Mfundo ya kufanana imafuna kuti zotsatira zoyipa za chisankho zisakhale zosiyana ndi cholinga chomwe chikutsatiridwa.
Pempho loti atsatire malamulo — Pempho loti pakhale kukakamiza malamulo limakakamiza bungwe loyang'anira kuti lipange chisankho chovomerezeka chotsutsana ndi kuphwanya malamulo oyenera.
Kutsimikiza kwa ndalama zothandizira — Chigamulo cha thandizo chimakhazikitsa ndalama zomaliza za thandizo; chigamulo chocheperako chingayambitse kubwezeredwa kwa ndalama zomwe zalipidwa kale.
Chisankho cha kulolerana — Kulekerera kuphwanya malamulo kumatanthauza kusakakamiza mwadala; ndi chinthu chapadera, chiyenera kukhala chakanthawi, ndipo sichipatsa munthu wololezedwa chitetezo chokwanira.
Njira yokonzekera anthu onse mofanana — Pansi pa ndondomekoyi, chisankho choyamba chimasindikizidwa kuti anthu aone zomwe zikuchitika, kenako apilo imakhala mwachindunji, popanda kutsutsa.
Kuchotsa chilolezo — Chilolezo chikhoza kuchotsedwa chifukwa cha chidziwitso cholakwika, kusagwiritsa ntchito kapena kuphwanya malamulo, koma pokhapokha ngati zofuna zotsutsana nazo zayesedwa.