Udindo wa bizinesi pansi pa lamulo la Dutch ndi momwe mungauchepetsere ndi mgwirizano

Udindo wa bizinesi motsatira malamulo aku Dutch umadalira pazifukwa ziwiri. Kampani ili ndi mlandu wophwanya pangano motsatira nkhani 6:74 ya Burgerlijk Wetboek, komanso wochita zinthu molakwika kwa munthu amene alibe pangano naye motsatira nkhani 6:162 BW. Kuphatikiza pa zimenezo, Civil Code imaika bizinesiyo m'makhalidwe a antchito ake ndi othandizira omwe imagwiritsa ntchito, komanso zoopsa za zinthu zosunthika, nyumba ndi zinthu zoopsa zomwe imagwira ntchito. Zambiri mwa izi zitha kuchepetsedwa ndi pangano, koma osati zonse, ndipo gawo loletsa limagwira ntchito pokhapokha ngati lavomerezedwa moyenera.

Nkhaniyi ikukamba za udindo malinga ndi momwe kampani ikuyendera: komwe umachokera, zoopsa zomwe zimayikidwa ndi lamulo, komanso momwe mgwirizano ungachepetsere udindowu. Zofunikira zonse za udindo zafotokozedwa m'nkhani yathu yokhudza nthawi yomwe muli ndi udindo pa kuwonongeka , komanso njira yochokera ku pempho kupita ku chipukuta misozi mu kalozera wathu wopita ku pempho la udindo.

Maziko awiri a udindo wa bizinesi, ndi chifukwa chake kusiyana kuli kofunika

Udindo wa pangano umachitika pamene chipani chalephera kukwaniritsa udindo ndipo kulephera kumeneko kumabwera chifukwa cha zimenezo. Nkhani 6:74 BW imakakamiza chipani cholephera kulipira kuwonongekako, koma nthawi zambiri wobwereketsa akalephera kulipira, zomwe zimafuna chidziwitso cholembedwa chomwe chimapereka nthawi yoyenera yogwirira ntchito motsatira nkhani 6:82 BW. Chidziwitso sichikufunika pamene kuchita bwino kwakhala kosatheka kwamuyaya kapena pamene nthawi yomaliza yadutsa, ndipo kuphwanya kwakukulu kumatsegulanso njira yothetsera mgwirizano motsatira nkhani 6:265 BW.

Udindo mu mlandu ndi njira yotsalira. Nkhani 6:162 BW ikufotokoza magulu atatu a khalidwe lolakwika: kuphwanya ufulu, kuchita kapena kulephera kuchita zinthu mosiyana ndi udindo walamulo, ndi khalidwe losemphana ndi zomwe zili zoyenera m'gulu la anthu. Mchitidwewo uyenera kukhala wokhudzana ndi kuwonongeka, kuyenera kukhala ndi mgwirizano, ndipo lamulo losweka liyenera kukhala loteteza ku mtundu wa kuwonongeka komwe kwachitika, kufunikira kwa ubale mu nkhani 6:163 BW. Kuwonongeka kumalipidwa malinga ndi momwe kungagwirizanitsidwe ndi chochitikacho monga zotsatira zake pansi pa nkhani 6:98 BW, yomwe m'mikangano yamalonda ndi komwe mikangano yambiri imachitika.

Kusiyana kumeneku kuli ndi vuto lalikulu pa bizinesi. Chikalata chokhudza pangano chingathetsedwe, kuchotsedwa kapena kuperekedwa malinga ndi nthawi yochepa yodziwitsidwa; chikalata chokhudza mlandu wa munthu wina sichingathe kuchepetsedwa ndi pangano lomwe chipanicho sichinasayine. Ichi ndichifukwa chake chochitika chomwecho, kuyika kwa madzi, kusamuka kosagwira ntchito, gulu lolakwika, lingapereke chikalata chocheperako cha pangano kuchokera kwa kasitomala ndi chikalata chosatha kuchokera kwa munthu wina amene wataya.

Udindo wa anthu ndi zinthu zomwe bizinesi imagwiritsa ntchito

Gawo lalikulu la kukhudzidwa kwa kampani limapezeka ndi lamulo osati chifukwa cha cholakwika. Malinga ndi nkhani 6:170 BW, olemba ntchito ali ndi udindo pa kuwonongeka komwe kwachitika kwa munthu wina chifukwa cha cholakwika cha wantchito wawo, pomwe chiopsezo cha cholakwikacho chinawonjezeka ndi ntchito yomwe wapatsidwa ndipo abwana anali ndi ulamuliro pa khalidwelo. Nkhani 6:171 BW ikupereka lingaliro lomweli kwa makontrakitala omwe si apansi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochita bizinesiyo, kotero kulemba ntchito kontrakitala wocheperako sikungosuntha chiopsezocho kunja kwa kampaniyo. Nkhani 6:172 BW imachita chimodzimodzi kwa oimira omwe akuchita zomwe ali pansi pa ulamuliro wawo.

Malamulowa amanenanso za zoopsa za zinthu. Munthu amene ali ndi vuto losamutsidwa ali ndi mlandu malinga ndi nkhani 6:173 BW, mwini nyumba kapena nyumbayo malinga ndi nkhani 6:174 BW, komanso wogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala oopsa malinga ndi nkhani 6:175 BW. Ngati zinthuzo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pochita bizinesi, nkhani 6:181 BW imasamutsa udindo kuchokera kwa mwiniwake kupita kwa woyendetsa bizinesiyo, ndichifukwa chake wobwereka yemwe akuyendetsa fakitale, osati mwini nyumbayo, nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi mlandu.

Udindo wa katundu, ndi kusintha komwe kukubwera

Wopanga ali ndi udindo wopanda cholakwika pa kuwonongeka komwe kwachitika chifukwa cha chinthu chopanda chilema motsatira nkhani 6:185 BW ndi zotsatira. Munthu wovulalayo ayenera kutsimikizira chilemacho, kuwonongeka ndi chifukwa chake, osati kusasamala. Chitetezo chili ndi malire ndipo chimaphatikizapo chitetezo cha chiopsezo cha chitukuko, ndipo, chofunika kwambiri polemba, nkhani 6:192 BW imati udindowu sungachotsedwe kapena kuchepetsedwa kwa munthu wovulalayo. Wogulitsa yemwe sangathe kudzizindikiritsa yekha wogulitsayo akhoza kudziona ngati wopanga.

Ndondomekoyi yatsala pang'ono kusintha. Lamulo (EU) 2024/2853 lilowa m'malo mwa lamulo la 1985 la udindo wa malonda, likukulitsa lingaliro la malonda ku mapulogalamu ndi mafayilo opanga digito, likuwonjezera kuwonongeka monga kutayika kapena kuwonongeka kwa deta, ndikuchepetsa ntchito yotsimikizira milandu yovuta kwambiri. Mayiko omwe ali mamembala ayenera kulisintha pofika pa 9 Disembala 2026 ndipo likugwira ntchito pazinthu zomwe zayikidwa pamsika pambuyo pa tsikulo. Lamulo lokhazikitsa malamulo la ku Netherlands lomwe likusintha Buku 6 BW lidaperekedwa kudzera mu zokambirana za anthu mu 2025 ndipo silinayambe kugwira ntchito, kotero nkhani zomwe zilipo zikupitilizabe kugwira ntchito pakadali pano; makampani opanga mapulogalamu ndi ogulitsa kunja ayenerabe kuwunikanso zikalata zawo ndi inshuwaransi yawo tsopano.

Otsogolera ndi kampani

Ngati kampani singathe kulipira, anthu omwe akufuna kubweza ngongole amafufuza bungwe la oyang'anira. Woyang'anira ayenera kuchita bwino ntchito zake ndi kampani motsatira nkhani ya 2:9 BW, ndipo akhoza kukhala ndi mlandu kwa wobwereketsa malinga ndi nkhani ya 6:162 BW pomwe adalowa mu udindo pomwe akudziwa, kapena pomwe ayenera kuti adamvetsetsa, kuti kampaniyo singathe kuchita bwino ndipo singapereke thandizo lililonse. Pa bankirapuse, nkhani ya 2:248 BW imapangitsa bungweli kukhala ndi mlandu pa ngongoleyo pomwe lidachita bwino ntchito yake ndipo izi zinali chifukwa chachikulu cha kusakwanitsa kulipira ngongole, kulephera kusunga zolemba zoyenera kapena kusungitsa maakaunti apachaka panthawi yake zomwe zimapangitsa kuti bungweli liganizidwe kuti ndi lolakwa. Nkhani zathu zokhudza udindo wa oyang'anira ndi udindo wa makampani ndi magulu zimafufuza mwatsatanetsatane malire amenewo.

Kuchepetsa udindo ndi mgwirizano: zomwe lamulo la Dutch limalola

Chigamulo chochotsera mlandu, chochepetsa kapena kuchotsa udindo, kwenikweni chimagwira ntchito pakati pa mabizinesi motsatira malamulo aku Dutch. Malirewo akhazikitsidwa ndi nkhani 6:248 ndime 2 BW: chipani sichingadalire chigamulo pomwe kuchita izi sikungavomerezedwe ndi miyezo yoyenera komanso yachilungamo. Mwachizolowezi khothi limayesa kuopsa kwa kuswa lamuloli, mtundu wa kuwonongeka, ubale pakati pa magulu, ngati chigamulocho chinakambidwa, komanso ngati chiopsezocho chinali cha inshuwaransi kapena chopanda inshuwaransi. Chigamulo nthawi zambiri chimayikidwa pambali pomwe kuwonongekako kudachitika mwadala kapena chifukwa cha kusazindikira kwa kampani kapena omwe akuyang'anira.

Zimenezi zimapangitsa kuti pakhale lamulo losavuta kulemba: chiwongola dzanja chofanana chimapulumuka, nthawi zambiri sichimachotsedwa. Chiwongola dzanja chofotokozedwa ngati kuchuluka kwa ndalama zomwe zimalipidwa pansi pa mgwirizano, kapena ngati ndalama zomwe kampani ya inshuwalansi imalipira, kuphatikiza ndi kuchotsa kutayika komwe kungachitike monga kutayika kwa phindu ndi kusokonekera kwa bizinesi, ndi cholimba kwambiri kuposa gawo lotanthauza kuchotsa udindo wonse pa chilichonse.

Magulu atatu sangagwiridwe ntchito motere. Udindo wa chinthu cholakwika sungachotsedwe kwa munthu wovulala. Udindo kwa ogula umamangidwa ndi mndandanda wakuda ndi imvi womwe uli mu Buku 6 BW, ndipo gawo losachotsa udindo wa imfa kapena kuvulala kwa munthu silingagwire ntchito. Ndipo gawo silingathe kuchepetsa zomwe munthu wina anganene pa mlandu, chifukwa munthuyo si membala wa mgwirizano; gawo lokhalo lolembedwa bwino la munthu wina kapena mndandanda wa mapangano ndi lomwe lingathetse vutoli.

Chiganizochi chiyeneranso kuti chinavomerezedwa

Chiganizo chochotsera msonkho m'mawu ndi zikhalidwe zonse zimathandiza kokha ngati mawuwo adaphatikizidwa moyenera. Wogwiritsa ntchito ayenera kupatsa mbali ina mwayi wokwanira wozindikira mawuwo, makamaka powapatsa asanafike kapena panthawi yomwe mgwirizanowo watha; ngati zimenezo sizinachitike, mawuwo akhoza kuthetsedwa ndipo chiletsocho chimatha nawo. Pamene mbali zonse ziwiri zikunena za mawu awoawo, mawu oyamba amapambana pokhapokha ngati winayo wakana momveka bwino. Kufotokozera kwathu mawu ndi zikhalidwe zonse kumalongosola njira zomwe zikuchitika.

Zipangizo zina ziwiri za pangano zimagwira ntchito yeniyeni. Gawo la madandaulo limakhazikitsa nthawi yomwe zolakwika ziyenera kunenedwa, zomwe zimathandizira udindo walamulo mu nkhani 6:89 BW wochita ziwonetsero mkati mwa nthawi yoyenera, ndipo kutayika kwa udindowo ndi chimodzi mwazoteteza zabwino kwambiri zomwe zimaperekedwa kwa wogulitsa. Ndipo chiwongola dzanja, mosiyana ndi kuchotsera msonkho, chimasamutsa mlandu wa chipani chachitatu kwa mnzake; ndi yankho lokhazikika pomwe wogwirizira ntchito amagwira ntchito pamalo a kasitomala wanu.

Malire a nthawi: makampani achitetezo amaiwala kukweza

Udindo womwe sunapemphedwe pa nthawi yake suyenera kulipidwa. Chilango cha kuwonongeka chifukwa cha cholakwa kapena kuphwanya malamulo chimakhala choletsedwa zaka zisanu kuchokera tsiku limene wovulalayo adadziwa za kuwonongeka ndi munthu amene ali ndi mlandu, ndipo mulimonsemo zaka makumi awiri kuchokera pamene chochitikacho chachitika, motsatira nkhani 3:310 BW. Chilango cha kukwaniritsa udindo wa pangano nthawi zambiri chimakhala ndi zaka zisanu kuyambira tsiku lomwe ntchitoyo inayenera kuchitika. Nthawi yocheperako ikhoza kusokonezedwa ndi chidziwitso cholembedwa chomwe chimasunga ufulu wochita bwino, monga momwe nkhani 3:317 BW imanenera; madandaulo osavomerezeka nthawi zonse sakwanira.

Kuphatikiza pa malire, udindo wodandaula mu nkhani 6:89 BW uli ndi. Wogula kapena kasitomala amene wapeza cholakwika ayenera kuchita zionetsero mkati mwa nthawi yoyenera, ndipo zomwe zili zoyenera zimadalira mtundu wa mgwirizano ndi kuwonongeka. Dziwani kuti nthawi yokhazikika ya miyezi iwiri yomwe nthawi zina imatchulidwa imagwira ntchito pogulitsa katundu wosunthika kwa ogula, osati pa mapangano amalonda kapena kugula nyumba, pomwe muyezo umakhala nthawi yoyenera. Kwa makampani zotsatira zake ndi zosavuta: lembani madandaulo polemba, ndi tsiku, ndipo musalole kuti kukambirana kuchitike kwa miyezi ingapo osalemba.

Ntchito zoyang'anira zomwe zimakhala udindo

Gawo lowonjezeka la kukhudzidwa ndi makampani limachokera ku ntchito zomwe malamulo omwe kuphwanya malamulo ndi kuchita molakwika, kapena zomwe olamulira amakakamiza ndi chindapusa. Kuyambira pa 15 Ogasiti 2026, Cyberbeveiligingswet, kukhazikitsidwa kwa NIS2 Directive ku Netherlands, kumafuna mabungwe omwe ali m'magawo osankhidwa kuti alembetse ku National Cyber ​​Security Centre, kutenga njira zoyenera zowongolera zoopsa, ndikupereka lipoti la chochitika chachikulu mkati mwa maola makumi awiri mphambu anayi ndi lipoti lonse mkati mwa maola makumi asanu ndi awiri mphambu awiri. Motsatira General Data Protection Regulation, kuphwanya deta yaumwini kuyenera kudziwitsidwa kwa Autoriteit Persoonsgegevens mkati mwa maola makumi asanu ndi awiri mphambu awiri, ndipo omwe akhudzidwa akhoza kupempha chipukuta misozi chifukwa cha kuwonongeka.

Ponena za kukhazikika kwa makampani, chithunzicho chinasintha ndi kusintha kwa Omnibus. Directive (EU) 2026/470 inasintha Directive ya Corporate Sustainability Due Diligence: ndondomeko yogwirizana ya milandu ya anthu wamba kuti malangizo oyambirira omwe analipo achotsedwa, malire a zilango akhazikitsidwa pa 3 peresenti, kusintha kwa ndalama kuyenera kuperekedwa pofika pa 26 Julayi 2028 ndipo ntchito iyamba pa 26 Julayi 2029. Chifukwa chake, zodandaula motsutsana ndi makampani chifukwa cha kuwononga nyengo ndi chilengedwe zikupitilira kuperekedwa motsatira nkhani ya 6:162 BW, monga momwe zinalili mu Shell, momwe chigamulo cha 2021 chinachotsedwa pa 12 Novembala 2024 pomwe kukhalapo kwa udindo wosamalira kunapitilizidwa ndipo kuchotsedwa kwa ndalama kukuyembekezeredwa. Sizolondola kunena kuti Klimaatwet imaika mlandu pamakampani pawokha; imakhazikitsa zolinga za mfundo za boma.

Pa nzeru zopanga zinthu, nkhaniyi nthawi zambiri imakokedwa. Malinga ndi AI Act, zoletsa, malamulo a mitundu yonse ya AI ndi maudindo owonekera bwino zikugwira ntchito kale, pomwe dongosolo loopsa kwambiri layimitsidwa, mpaka pa 2 Disembala 2027 pamakina omwe alembedwa mu Annex III ndi mpaka 2 Ogasiti 2028 kwa omwe ali pansi pa Annex I. Malangizo a AI Liability Directive omwe akuperekedwa achotsedwa, kotero kuwonongeka komwe kumachitika ndi dongosolo la AI kumayesedwa motsatira malamulo wamba a lamulo la Dutch liability ndipo, akasinthidwa, motsatira dongosolo losinthidwa la liability lazinthu.

Zoyenera kukonza tsopano

Yambani ndi mapangano omwe ali ndi ndalama zambiri zogulira zinthu ndipo yang'anani zinthu zitatu: ngati malamulo anu onse adaperekedwa mgwirizano usanamalizidwe, ngati gawo la udindo lili ndi malire olingana ndi kuchotsedwa kwa kutayika komwe kungachitike m'malo mochotsedwa kwathunthu, komanso ngati nthawi yodandaula ndi udindo wodziwitsa zikuphatikizidwa. Kenako yang'anani ubale womwe uli kunja kwa mapanganowo, ogwira ntchito m'malo mwa ogwira ntchito, anthu ena omwe ali pamalopo, zinthu zomwe zili m'munda, chifukwa pamenepo ndi pomwe udindo umaperekedwa ndi lamulo ndipo sungathe kuchepetsedwa.

Chachiwiri, gwirizanitsani inshuwalansi ndi zigawo. Chikhomo chomwe chili pansi pa ndalama zomwe zili ndi inshuwaransi chimasiya mtengo patebulo; chikhomo pamwamba pake chimasiya kampaniyo ikunyamula kusiyana. Udindo wonse, chikole cha akatswiri, kubweza katundu, cyber ndi owongolera ndi akuluakulu amaphimba yankho lililonse mbali yosiyana ya chithunzicho, ndipo zikhalidwe zodziwitsa mu mfundo zimenezo ndi zokhwima.

Chachitatu, sungani zolemba. Pa mikangano yokhudza udindo, gulu lomwe lingasonyeze zomwe zinavomerezedwa, zomwe zinanenedwa, nthawi yomwe zinaperekedwa, komanso njira zomwe zinatengedwa nthawi zambiri limapambana, mosasamala kanthu za gawo lomwe lanena. Zimenezo zimagwiranso ntchito mofanana ku bungwe: mphindi, kuwunika zoopsa ndi kulembetsa maakaunti apachaka panthawi yake ndi zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kukambirana za kayendetsedwe kosayenera kusakhale kokwanira.

Bwanji Law and More zingathandize

Law and More Amalangiza mabizinesi pa nkhani ya udindo: kulemba ndikuwunikanso zigawo za ufulu ndi chiwongola dzanja ndi mawu onse, kuwunika momwe zinthu zilili pansi pa mgwirizano ndi zolakwa, kuteteza ndi kubweretsa madandaulo, ndi kulangiza mabungwe pa nkhani ya udindo waumwini. Ngati mukufuna kuti mapangano anu kapena pempho linalake liwunikidwe, chonde titumizireni uthenga.