Zofunsa zowonongeka

Timathandiza mabizinesi ndi anthu payekha popempha chipukuta misozi motsatira malamulo a ku Netherlands. Timachitapo kanthu mukapempha chipukuta misozi komanso mukapempha chipukuta misozi. Timagwira ntchito mu Chingerezi ndi Chidatchi, kwa makasitomala ku Netherlands ndi kunja. Gawo loyamba ndi msonkhano waulere wotsegulira momwe timawerengera udindo, kuwonongeka ndi nthawi yochepetsera.

Chiwerengero cha makasitomala Law & More 9.6 mwa 10 pa Klantenvertelle, nsanja yowunikira ya ku Dutch (ndemanga 81, kuyambira Okutobala 2026).

Kodi tingakuthandizeni chiyani?

• wogulitsa katundu akupereka katundu mochedwa kapena wolakwika ndipo bizinesi yanu imataya phindu;
• kontrakitala, mlangizi kapena katswiri wina wapanga cholakwika chomwe chinakuwonongerani ndalama;
• mukufuna kuti mnzanuyo akhale ndi mlandu ndipo mukufuna chidziwitso choyenera cha kalata yokhudza kusachita bwino ntchito ndi udindo;
• mwalandira chiwongola dzanja cha mlandu ndipo mukufuna kudziwa ngati chili ndi maziko abwino;
• munawonongeka chifukwa cha zochita zosaloledwa, monga kuswa pangano ndi munthu wina kapena mawu osokeretsa;
• mukufuna kudziwa ngati pempho lanu ndi loletsedwa nthawi.

Sitikusamalira milandu yokhudza kuvulala kwa munthu. Pa milandu imeneyi, timakutumizirani kwa loya amene amayang'ana kwambiri kuvulala kwa munthu.

Kodi ndi pazifukwa ziti zomwe mungapemphe chipukuta misozi malinga ndi lamulo la Dutch?

Malinga ndi malamulo aku Dutch, zifukwa ziwiri zazikulu zopempha chiwongola dzanja ndi kuswa pangano ndi kuphwanya lamulo. M'milandu yonse iwiri muyenera kusonyeza kuti mbali ina ndi yomwe ili ndi mlandu, kuti mwawonongeka ndipo kuti kuwonongekako kumachokera ku chochitikacho.

Kuphwanya mgwirizano

Malinga ndi Nkhani 6:74 ya Dutch Civil Code, chipani chomwe chalephera kukwaniritsa zomwe chikuyenera kuchita chiyenera kulipira kuwonongeka komwe kwachitika. Kulephera kuyenera kukhala chifukwa cha chipani chimenecho. Nthawi zambiri wobwereketsayo amalephera kulipira pambuyo podziwitsa kuti sangakwanitse kulipira (ingebrekestelling) motsatira Nkhani 6:82. Imeneyo ndi pempho lolembedwa lomwe limapereka nthawi yoyenera, mwachitsanzo masiku 14, kuti achite. Ngati kuchita bwino kwakhala kosatheka kwamuyaya, kapena nthawi yomaliza yadutsa, palibe chidziwitso chofunikira.

Kuwotcha

Popanda pangano, mumadalira Nkhani 6:162 ya Dutch Civil Code: lamulo losaloledwa (onrechtmatige daad). Izi zikuphatikizapo kuphwanya ufulu, kuphwanya udindo walamulo kapena kuchita mosemphana ndi zomwe zimavomerezedwa kuti ndi khalidwe loyenera. Lamuloli liyenera kukhala chifukwa cha wolakwayo, ndipo lamulo loswedwalo liyenera kukhala loteteza ku mtundu wanu wa kuwonongeka. Buku lathu lotsogolera pa lamulo la milandu limafotokoza zofunikira izi mwatsatanetsatane.

Mlandu wokhwima

Malamulo ena amaika udindo popanda cholakwika. Zitsanzo ndi olemba ntchito antchito (Nkhani 6:170) ndi opanga zinthu zolakwika (Nkhani 6:185).

Ndi mitundu iti ya kuwonongeka komwe mungapemphe?

Mungathe kupempha kuti mutayike ndalama zanu, ndipo nthawi zina, kuwonongeka kwina sikungakhale kwakukulu. Cholinga chake ndikukuyikani pamalo omwe mukanakhalapo popanda chochitikacho, osati bwino kapena choipa kwambiri.

Malinga ndi Nkhani 6:96 ya Dutch Civil Code, kutayika kwa ndalama kumaphatikizapo kutayika komwe kwachitika komanso phindu lomwe latayika. Ndalama zoyenera zochepetsera kapena kukhazikitsa kuwonongeka ndi udindo zimayenereranso. Ganizirani malipoti a akatswiri ndi ndalama zosonkhanitsira zinthu zina. Kuwonongeka kosafunikira kwenikweni, monga kuvutika, kumalipidwa kokha m'milandu yomwe yalembedwa mu Nkhani 6:106.

Mtundu wa zowonongeka	Mwachitsanzo
Kutayika komwe kwachitika	Ndalama zokonzera, kusintha katundu, ndalama za wogulitsa wina
Phindu lotayika	Kuchuluka kwa zinthu sikunachitike chifukwa kupanga kunayima kwa milungu itatu
Ndalama zopezera kuwonongeka	Lipoti la katswiri wodziyimira pawokha, ndalama zoyenera zamilandu zisanachitike mlandu
Chidwi chovomerezeka	Chiwongola dzanja kuyambira tsiku lomwe kuwonongeka kudachitika (Nkhani 6:119 kapena 6:119a ya malonda)
Kuwonongeka kosafunikira	Mu milandu yomwe yatchulidwa mu Nkhani 6:106 yokha

Mapangano nthawi zambiri amaletsa udindo, mwachitsanzo pa mtengo wa mgwirizano kapena kuwonongeka kokha. Gawo lotere siligwira ntchito nthawi zonse. Nkhani yathu yokhudza kuchepetsa udindo imafotokoza nthawi yomwe khothi limaipatula.

Kodi mumatsimikiza bwanji kuti ndi chifukwa chake komanso gawo lanu la kuwonongeka?

Muyenera kusonyeza kuti kuwonongeka sikukanachitika popanda chochitikacho, ndipo kuti kungatchulidwe kuti ndi kwa munthu amene ali ndi mlandu. Ngati munathandizira kuwonongekako nokha, malipiro anu amachepetsedwa.

Malinga ndi Nkhani 6:98 ya Dutch Civil Code, khoti limayang'ana mtundu wa udindo ndi kuwonongeka. Kuwonongeka komwe kumawonekeratu chifukwa cha kuphwanya malamulo nthawi zambiri kumaonedwa kuti ndi chifukwa. Zotsatira zakutali zitha kugwera kunja. Malinga ndi Nkhani 6:101, khoti limagawa kuwonongekako pamene zinthu zomwe zili kumbali yanu zathandizira. Chitsanzo ndi kulephera kuchepetsa kuwonongekako mutapeza.

Umboni ndi wofunikira kwambiri. Sungani ma invoice, makalata, zithunzi, maakaunti ndi malipoti a akatswiri kuyambira tsiku loyamba. Khothi likhozanso kuwerengera kuwonongeka malinga ndi Nkhani 6:97 pamene kuwerengera kolondola sikungatheke. Malinga ndi Nkhani 6:109, khothi lingachepetse chipukuta misozi ngati kulipira kwathunthu kungapangitse kuti pakhale zotsatira zosavomerezeka.

Kodi muyenera kupempha chipukuta misozi kwa nthawi yayitali bwanji?

Kupempha chiwongola dzanja motsatira malamulo aku Dutch kumakhala koletsedwa patatha zaka zisanu mutadziwa za kuwonongekako ndi munthu amene ali ndi mlandu. Mulimonsemo, chiwongola dzanjacho chimatha patatha zaka makumi awiri kuchokera pamene chochitikacho chinayambitsa kuwonongekako chinachitika.

Nthawi izi zikutsatira Nkhani 3:310 ya Dutch Civil Code. Mutha kusokoneza nthawi yochepetsera ndi chidziwitso cholembedwa chomwe mwasunga ufulu wanu wochita bwino (Nkhani 3:317). Nthawi yatsopano ya zaka zisanu imayamba. Musadalire zokambirana zokha: sizisokoneza nthawiyo. Nthawi zosiyanasiyana zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pazochitika zinazake, mwachitsanzo zaka zitatu pazopempha za ngongole za malonda.

Vutolo	m'nyengo
Kufunsira ndalama zolipirira (pangano kapena cholakwa)	Zaka 5 kuchokera pamene munthu wazindikira za kuwonongeka ndi mlandu
Kuyimitsa kwa nthawi yayitali kwa zopempha zachiwonongeko	Zaka 20 kuchokera pamene ngoziyo inayamba
Zovuta zamalonda	Zaka 3 kuchokera pa chidziwitso, ndipo ufulu umatha zaka 10 kuchokera pamene chinthucho chinayamba kugulitsidwa.

Malemba onse a malamulo awa akupezeka pa wetten.overheid.nl (Buku 6 la Dutch Civil Code).

Zimagwira ntchito bwanji Law & More ntchito?

1. Msonkhano woyamba: mumafotokoza zomwe zinachitika, ndipo timayang'ana nthawi yomaliza, zikalata ndi omwe angakhale ndi mlandu.
2. Upangiri ndi kuwerengera mtengo: timawunika udindo, kuchuluka kwa kuwonongeka ndi mwayi wanu, ndikukupatsani kuwerengera mtengo.
3. Njira yolankhulirana ndi kukambirana: timatumiza chidziwitso cha kusachita bwino kapena kalata yokhudza udindo ndipo timakambirana ndi chipani china kapena kampani yake ya inshuwalansi.
4. Milandu kapena kumalizidwa: popanda mgwirizano, timapita kukhothi. Khothi lachigawo chaching'ono limamva madandaulo okwana EUR 25,000; madandaulo akuluakulu amapita kukhothi lachigawo. chitsogozo cha njira zoyendetsera mlandu wa boma zikusonyeza momwe zimagwirira ntchito.

Kodi loya wopempha ndalama zolipirira ngongole amawononga ndalama zingati?

Mtengo wathu wa ola limodzi ndi ma euro 250 mpaka 350 kupatula VAT ya loya ndi ma euro 300 mpaka 400 kupatula VAT ya mnzanu. Timakambirana nanu za mtengo ndi kuyerekezera kwa ndalama. Msonkhano woyamba ndi waulere. Msonkhano wopereka upangiri kamodzi kokha popanda thandizo lina umawononga ma euro 300 kuphatikiza VAT.

Ndalama zakunja, monga ndalama za khothi, ndalama za bailiff ndi malipoti a akatswiri, zimalipidwa padera. Ngati mutataya mlandu kukhothi, nthawi zambiri mumalipira ndalama zokhazikika ku ndalama za mlandu za chipani china. Thandizo la zamalamulo limapezeka kudzera mu Legal Aid Board (Raad voor Rechtsbijstand), koma sitigwira ntchito pazifukwa zimenezo. Yang'anani ngati inshuwalansi yanu ya ndalama za zamalamulo ikuphimba nkhaniyi.

Ndani akusamalira mlandu wanu?

Mlandu wanu umayendetsedwa ndi m'modzi mwa maloya athu; pamsonkhano woyamba mudzamva omwe ali. Mutha kuwona aliyense patsamba lathu la timu.

MAFUNSO OFUNSIDWA KAWIRIKAWIRI

Kodi nthawi zonse ndimafunika kutumiza chidziwitso cha kusachita bwino ndisanayambe kupempha ndalama?

Muzochitika zambiri za mgwirizano, inde. Wobwereketsa nthawi zambiri amakhala wosalipira pambuyo polemba chidziwitso chopatsa nthawi yokwanira yochitira. Chidziwitso sichifunika ngati kuchita bwino kwakhala kosatheka, nthawi yomaliza yatha kapena wobwereketsa wanena kuti sichidzagwira ntchito. Mukakayikira, tumizani chidziwitsocho, chifukwa chidziwitso chosowa chingalepheretse zomwe mukufuna.

Kodi nthawi yopempha chiwongola dzanja ku Netherlands imachepetsedwa liti?

Kupempha chiwongola dzanja ku Netherlands kumakhala koletsedwa patatha zaka zisanu mutadziwa za kuwonongeka ndi munthu amene ali ndi mlandu. Chimatha nthawi iliyonse patatha zaka makumi awiri kuchokera pamene chochitikacho chinayambitsa kuwonongeka. Mutha kusokoneza nthawiyo ndi chidziwitso cholembedwa chomwe chikusunga ufulu wanu wolandira chipukuta misozi. Kukambirana kokha sikusokoneza.

Kodi ndingathe kupempha chipukuta misozi chifukwa cha kupsinjika maganizo kapena kuvulaza mbiri yanga?

Pokhapokha pazochitika zinazake. Nkhani 6:106 ya Dutch Civil Code imalola, mwachitsanzo, pamene munthu amene ali ndi mlandu ankafuna kuvulaza kapena pamene ulemu wanu kapena dzina lanu labwino linavulazidwa. Kukhumudwa kwachizolowezi chifukwa cha kuswa pangano nthawi zambiri sikulipidwa. Ndalama zomwe makhoti aku Dutch amapereka nthawi zambiri zimakhala zochepa.

Kodi gawo loletsa udindo limaletsa pempho langa?

Sizikutanthauza kuti ndi zoona. Khothi likhoza kuimitsa gawoli ngati kudalira pa icho sikuvomerezeka malinga ndi nzeru ndi chilungamo. Izi nthawi zambiri zimachitika mwadala kapena mosasamala. Mu mapangano a ogula, magawo ena mwazonse amaonedwa kuti ndi osamveka. Timayesa gawoli motsatira mfundo za mlandu wanu.

Kodi mumagwira ntchito ndi milandu yokhudza kuvulala kwa munthu?

Ayi. Sitikusamalira milandu yokhudza kuvulala kwa anthu, monga ngozi za pamsewu kapena kuvulala kuntchito. Ntchito yathu pa zopempha za kuwonongeka imayang'ana kwambiri kutayika kwa ndalama, mwachitsanzo chifukwa cha kuswa pangano, zolakwa zantchito kapena khalidwe losaloledwa. Pa kuvulala kwa anthu, timakutumizirani kwa loya yemwe amayang'ana kwambiri pankhaniyi.

Ndani amalipira ndalama za mlandu ngati ndipambana?

Munthu wotayika nthawi zambiri amalamulidwa kuti alipire ndalama zomwe mwalipira kukhothi. Ndalamazi zimatsatira mitengo yokhazikika ya khothi ndipo nthawi zambiri zimakhala zochepa kuposa ndalama zenizeni. Ndalama zoyenera musanachitepo kanthu nthawi zina zitha kupemphedwa ngati gawo la kuwonongeka malinga ndi Nkhani 6:96. Tikukupatsani chithunzi chenicheni cha kubweza ngongole pasadakhale.

Mukukayikira za udindo wanu? Konzani msonkhano wotsegulira waulere. Pamsonkhano umenewo tikukambirana ngati tingathandize ndi mtengo wake. Lumikizanani nafe , imbani +31 40 369 06 80.

Law & More, Marconilaan 13, 5612 HM Eindhoven (+31 40 369 06 80) ndi malo ochezera Pietersbergweg 291, 1105 BM Amsterdam (+31 20 369 71 21). Imapezeka Lolemba mpaka Lachisanu 08:00-22:00, Loweruka ndi Lamlungu 09:00-17:00.

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